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英语语音(English Pronunciation)

本栏目内容链接:

学点语音知识

英语绕口令　

其它网站相关链接:

American Pronunciation

Language Centre

英语口语网址

英语语音/发音

英语语音教学

如何提高英语口语

学点语音知识

赵宝斌编辑

要想说好英语，应该学一点语音知识。下面是笔者总结的有关语音方面的一些基本知识，供你参考。

关于语音的几个概念

1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

2) 音标：词的语音形式。

3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

5) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

7) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi

8) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it

9) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)

1) 【 i: 】 sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

2) 【 i 】 sit, build, miss, myth

3) 【 e 】 bed, desk, head,

4) 【】 bad, land, bank, stamp

5) 【 a: 】 car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

6) 【】 hot, want

7) 【】 door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

8) 【 u: 】 good, who, blue, soup,

9) 【 u 】 look, put, women, could

10) 【】 cup, come, blood, rough

11) 【】 girl, work, serve, nurse

12) 【】 cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

13) 【 ei 】 cake, they, play, eight, great,

14) 【 ai 】 bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

15) 【】 phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

16) 【 au 】 house, town

17) 【】 boy, oil

18) 【】 dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

19) 【】 pear, care, there, fair

20) 【】 tour, poor,

3. 容易混淆的元音

1) 【 e 】【】 bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

2) 【 i: 】【 ei 】 real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

3) 【 e 】【 AI 】 bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

4) 【 au 】【】 house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

5) 【 au 】【】 found fond; gown gone; down don

4. 辅音

1) 【 p 】 pen,

2) 【 b 】 bed, comb

3) 【 t 】 tell,

4) 【 d 】 , day, played, wanted

5) 【 k 】 cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

6) 【 g 】 big, go, guess, language

7) 【 m 】 man

8) 【 n 】 nine, knife, autumn

9) 【】 bank, uncle, English, sing,

10) 【 l 】 land, world

11) 【 r 】 read, write,

12) 【 f 】 five, cough, laugh

13) 【 v 】 voice, of

14) 【】 think,

15) 【】 this, bathe

16) 【 s 】 sit, miss, science, case, scarf

17) 【 z 】 zoo, close,

18) 【】 sure, she, social, nation

19) 【】 pleasure,

20) 【 h 】 hot, who, hour

21) 【 w 】 wall, what, answer

22) 【 j 】 yes

23) 【】 child, teach, catch

24) 【】 joke, bridge,

25) 【 ts 】 boats

26) 【 dz 】 goods

27) 【 tr 】 tree

28) 【 dr 】 dream

5. 容易混淆的辅音

1) 【 v 】【 w 】 vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

2) 【 s 】【】 sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

3) 【 z 】【】 closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

4) 【 n 】【】 thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

6. 读音规则

1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

2) 非重读音节【】 banana, student, today, after, 【 i 】 orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

7. 特殊读音

1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year,

8. 重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry

b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette

2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重

B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be

D) 实词不重读的特殊情况

a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.

b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.

c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.

d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!

e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.

f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening

E)虚词重读的特殊情况

a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.

b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.

c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.

d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.

e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself.

9 英语语调

语调（intonation），即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调（pitch）高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的，以英语为例，英语有五种基本语调：升调（↗）、的降调（↙）、的升降调（∧）、的降升调（∨）以及平调（→）。一句话除了词汇意义（lexical meaning）还有语调意义（intonation meaning）。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例：

1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？

B：Sorry？（↗）

Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please？”

我们再看下句：

2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？

B：Sorry．（↙）

在对话2）中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。

美国著名语言学家Kenneth L．Pike认为：

一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的，而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是非常重要的。
英语有四级能区别意义的调高：

1）特高调（extra high），即比正常的声调高两级，常在感情特别激动或惊讶时使用。

2）高调（high），即比正常的声调高一级，一般用于语句中关键性的重读词。

3）中调（mid），即说话人声音的正常高度。

4）低调（low），即比正常的声调低一级，

一般是降调的最低点。

应该按照说话人的态度来分语调模式，而不能按照句子的语法结构来分。没有所谓“疑问句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”。因为疑问句和陈述句都可以用各种语调模式来说。

因此，对于我们中国的英语学习者来说，通过了解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要。事实上，无论是在现实生活中还是在考试中，我们的学生常会因为对这些知识缺乏了解而无法确定说话人的态度、的感情、的口吻和意图等。然而这又是一个比较复杂的问题。本文将通过具体的例子从两方面来说明这个问题：

I．一句话中绝对调高及音调的相对高度所包含的意义

众所周知，人们在兴奋、的惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调就高，而在相反的情况下，语调则低。因此，在同一个场合中，如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个，或明显低于另一个，以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。

这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调的相对高度的不同所包含的意义。一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句重音所在。通过一句话中的语调波峰所在，我们就可以了解说话人的意思。如人们读“I live in the city．”这句话时，由于强调的对象不同，语调也就随之发生了变化。现不妨比较如下：

I（↗）live in the city．（隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思）

I live（↗）in the city．（表示“我”只是“住在”城里，其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思）

I live in（↗）the city．（表示“我住在城里边”，其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”）

因此，对下面的对话所提问的问题进行选择时，就不难回答了。

3）M：Linda looked very tired these days．

W：She looked OK to me（↗）．

Q：What does the woman think of Linda？（D）

〔A〕She saw Linda and me．

〔B〕Linda said she was fine．

〔C〕She looked up the word for me．

〔D〕She considered Linda was all right．

这句话里的句重音碰巧落在句子的最后一个单词“me”上。因为女士用升调重读“me”，这表示了女士有意与男士的看法形成对比，意思是：在你的眼里，她显得疲惫，可在我看来，她没什么问题。这表示了她那种无所谓的态度。

II．某些句型由于句尾语调的改变而引起意义改变的现象

1．使用疑问词who，which，what， how，when，where，why的特殊疑问句可以用降调也可以用升调，但含义是不同的。如：

4）A：Mr．Smith thinks we ought to get the money i

英语的语调总的特点是，全句的调子一般都是由高逐渐降低，语调主要表现在句末，升调和降调通常分别用“↗”和“↘”来表示。

（1）升调

升调常用来表示不肯定，语意未完，或表示礼貌，常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况：

①一般疑问句通常用升调。

Is he `making a ↗kite?

Are they `cleaning the ↗classroom?

Was the `traffic `very ↗busy?.

Does your `uncle `like `making `things, ↗too?

Did he `go `there `alone `last ↗night?

Must we `wash our `clothes ↗now?

Has your `father` finished the `work ↗yet?

②数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时，除最后那个并列成分用降调外，前面所有的并列成分都要用升调。

`Let’s `count our `new ↘books. ↗One, ↗two, ↗three, ↗four, ↘five. `Oh, we have ↘five new books.

We’d `like a `bottle of ↗coke, `two `bottles of `apple ↗juice, a ↗hamburger and `two ↗cakes.

`John `likes ↗running, ↗swimming and ↘skating, but he `doesn’t like playing ↗football, ↗basketball or ↘volleyball.

He `got ↗up, `got ↗dressed, `brushed his ↗teeth, `washed his ↗face, `had his ↗breakfast, and `then `quickly `went to ↘school.

The `old `man `came ↗in, `asked for a `cup of ↗tea and `sat `down at a ↘table.

③选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分，or前的部分用升调，or后的部分用降调，记成“前升后降”。

Is her `answer ↗right or ↘wrong?

Were they in the `high ↗jump or the `long ↘jump?

Would you `like a `cup of ↗tea or a `glass of ↘milk?

Do you `go to `school ↗late or ↘early?

`Which `colour do you `like `better, `light ↗blue or `dark ↘blue?

`Which do you pre`fer, `going to the ↗cinema or `going ↘swimming?

④反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况：若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握，想询问对方这一廉洁是否正确，则陈述句部分用降调，简略问句用升调；若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握，只是想要对方同意自己的观点，或是想从对方那里得到证实，则前后两部分都用降调。

--Your `uncle is ↘tall, ↗isn’t he? --↘No, he’s very ↘short.

You `like ↘apples, ↗don’t you?

He `went to `London with his ↘family, ↗didn’t he?

-- You `won’t `go `there to↘morrow, ↗will you? -- ↘Yes, I ↘will.

-- His `sister has `never been to ↘Beijing, ↗has she? -- No, she↘hasn’t.

-- It’s a ↘fine day, ↘isn’t it? -- `Yes, it ↘is.

It’s `quite a `nice ↘picture, ↘isn’t it?

You were `born in `19`89. So you are ↘fifteen, ↘aren’t you?

⑤含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况：若主句在前，从句在后，主句结束时意思已比较完整，则通常用降调，整个句子读完时也应该用降调；但是，若从句在前，主句在后，则常常是“前升后降”。

I was `drawing a ↘picture when my `mother `came ↘back.

`When she `got to the ↗station, the `train had `already ↘left.

（2）降调

在英语句子中，降调的使用比升调更为广泛，它表示肯定、决断、坚决或终结，但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。降调的用法可归纳为以下七种：

①陈述句用降调：

`Lucy is `cleaning her ↘bedroom.

`Li `Lei `doesn’t have a ↘watch.

I `like ↘swimming.

`Mary `wrote a `letter to her `friend `last ↘night.

I’ve been to `Bei`jing `only ↘once.

②特殊疑问句也用降调：

`Whose is `this ↘coat?

`What `happened to her ↘car?

`What have you `done with your my ↘bike?

`Which `shirt do you ↘like?

`Where does your `English `teacher ↘come from?

`When is `Teachers’ ↘Day?

`Why `didn’t `Jim `come to `school ↘yesterday?

`How `long have you been at `this ↘school?

`How `soon will they `finish the ↘work?

③表示命令的祈使句也常用降调：

`David, `open the ↘door.

`Go and `ask your ↘father.

`Put `on your ↘coat.

`Don’t `throw it on the ↘floor.

`Don’t `put your `feet on the ↘desk.

`Don’t `run `so ↘fast.

`Let’s `go to the ↘zoo.

`Let’s `go and `have a ↘look.

④问候用语常用降调，以示真诚：

Good ↘morning.

Good ↘evening.

Good ↘afternoon.

How ↘are you?

⑤感谢用语也常用降调，以表示诚挚的谢意：

↘Thank you.

`Thanks a ↘lot.

`Thank you `very ↘much.

⑥感叹句用降调：

What a ↘lovely day!

What an ↘exciting sports meeting!

What a ↘terrible day I spent today!

`How ↘hot it is today!

`How ↘beautiful the flowers are!

`How ↘hard all the workers are working!

⑦在并列句中，并列连词and, but, or等的前后两上分句都用降调：

We `come to `school by ↘bus and he `comes by ↘bike.

She `likes ↘English, but she `needs ↘help.

`Let’s ↘run, or we’ll be `late for ↘school.

I `couldn’t `sleep `well `last ↘night, so I’m `very `tired to↘day.

对于我们中国的英语学习者来说，通过了解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要。事实上，无论是在现实生活中还是在考试中，我们的学生常会因为对这些知识缺乏了解而无法确定说话人的态度、的感情、的口吻和意图等。然而这又是一个比较复杂的问题。本文将通过具体的例子从两方面来说明这个问题：

I．一句话中绝对调高及音调的相对高度所包含的意义

I（↗）live in the city．（隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思）

I live（↗）in the city．（表示“我”只是“住在”城里，其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思）

I live in（↗）the city．（表示“我住在城里边”，其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”）

因此，对下面的对话所提问的问题进行选择时，就不难回答了。

3）M：Linda looked very tired these days．

W：She looked OK to me（↗）．

Q：What does the woman think of Linda？（D）

［A］She saw Linda and me．

［B］Linda said she was fine．

［C］She looked up the word for me．

［D］She considered Linda was all right．

II．某些句型由于句尾语调的改变而引起意义改变的现象

1．使用疑问词who，which，what， how，when，where，why的特殊疑问句可以用降调也可以用升调，但含义是不同的。如：

4）A：Mr．Smith thinks we ought to get the money in hand first．

B：Who？（↗）

A：Mr．Smith．

B用升调说“Who”，表示听不清对方谈话中的某一部分，要求对方再重复那一部分。

5）A：We'd like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group．

B：Who？（↙）

A：We thought that you or Dr．Johnson might do it．

B用降调说“Who”，其意思是问，对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。

2．附加疑问句可以读升调也可以读降调，意思是不相同的。降调表示发问者相信陈述句的内容，只等对方证实。升调表示发问者对陈述句内容的真实性没有把握，希望对方作出自己的判断。如：

6）A：You willfinish the work，won't you？（↙）

B：Yes，I will．

A用降调提问，意思是：I know you will finish the work，but I want you to confirm it．

7）A：You willfinish the work，won'tyou？（↗）

B：Yes，I will．（或No，I won't．）

A用升调提问，表示A心中没有把握，因此，得到的回答既可能是肯定的，也可能是否定的。因此，如果听到下面的对话并就所提问题进行选择时，哪个选项正确也就不言而喻了。

8）W：Mary says she likes playing tennis．

M：But she doesn't play tennis often，does she？（↙）

Q：Whatdoesthe man imply about Mary？（B）

［A］She plays a lot of other sports．
［B］She doesn't really like tennis．

［C］She only likes watching tennis．

［D］She has a lot of things to do．

3．语调可以反应谈话人的互动性。如：

9）A：Are you Mr．Blake？

B：Yes．（↙）

A：Room twenty-six．

在这个例子中，B用降调说“Yes”，表示B的认可，这是一个封闭式的回答，这表明如果A没有新的问题要问或新的信息要告知，也许他们的对话就可以结束了。

10）A：Are you Mr．Blake？

B：Yes？（↗）

A：Ah，the secretary would like a word with you．

在这个例子中，B用升调回答“Yes”，表示这是一个开放式的回答，相当于：“Yes． But why do you ask？”或是“Yes．But who want to know？”之意。这也就是说，B在回答A的问题的同时又向A提出了一个新问题，并要求A予以回答。

掌握了这一点之后，对于下面的对话所提问的问题，就不难回答了。

11）M：How long shall we stay at the Grand Canyon？

W：A day？（↗）

Q：What does the woman mean？（B）

［A］We shall stay at the Grand Canyon for one day．

［B］Shall we stay at the Grand Canyon for one day？

［C］To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is too short．

［D］To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is enough．

4．陈述句式一般读降调，用以陈述事实。若读升调，往往表示对所说事情的怀疑。如：

She lent him her car．（↙）（用以陈述事

实）

She lent him her car？（↗）（表示惊奇、的怀疑，含有“Did she really lend her car to him ？”之意。）
再请看下面的试题：

12）M：I started driving at 8：00yesterday and arrived here at 5：30 this morning．

W：You drove all night？（↗）

Q：What does the woman mean？

［A］Night driving can be dangerous．

［B］You shouldn't have driven during the night．

［C］Why don't you drive all night？

［D］Did you really drive all night？

答案为D。

5．有些一般疑问句的句式读作降调，实际上表示感叹。如：Hasn't she grown！（↙）这句话实则表示：她长得多快！

请看下面的试题：

13）M：Wasn't Sam's speech great！（↙）

W：Are you serious？

Q：What does the man say about Sam's speech？

［A］Sam's speech wasn't great，was it？

［B］Sam's speech was great，wasn't it？

［C］Sam gave a serious speech．

［D］Sam was not serious．

答案为B。

这里顺便说一下，问句不表示疑问的另一种情况：当一方提出一个问题，而另一方用问句作为回答时，这个问句有时是不需要回答的，而实际上相当于陈述句，但别有意味。如：

14）A：Are you going to watch TV again？

B：What else is there to do？（↗）

B反问A一个问题“What else is there to do？”，意思是：（除了看电视）还有什么好干的呢？

因此，对下面的问题就不难回答了。

15）M：Do you think Petty is qualified to do the job？

W：If Petty is not，who is？（↗）

Q：What does the woman mean？（C）

［A］Petty is not qualified for the job．

［B］Nobody is qualified for the job．

［C］Petty is well qualified for the job．

［D］Allexcept Petty are qualified for the job．

有些一般疑问句句式也不需要回答，其功能也相当于陈述句，但肯定结构表否定，否定结构表肯定，而且传递了说话人浓烈的情绪。如：

16）W：Haven't you got anything better to do？（↗）

M：Ok，Mum ，I'll turn off the TV and begin to do my homework．

显然，妈妈的意思是责备儿子不应该看电视，而应该做比看电视更有益的事——也就是说，妈妈认为儿子有更好的事可做。而对话中，儿子当然也明白妈妈的意思，因此说要关掉电视，开始做功课。再如：

17）M：I've observed you for ten minutes．What have you been doing？

W：Are you blind？（↗）

Q：What can be inferred about the woman's attitude toward the man？（B）

［A］Polite．

［B］Unfriendly．

［C］Indifferent．

［D］Cautious．

女士用肯定结构的一般疑问句说“Are you blind？”，意思是说“你不是瞎子，难道看不见吗？”故而可知，女士不太友善。

总而言之，只要英语学习者内心树立了对语调的重视意识，培养起敏感的感知能力和反应能力，经过多年的英语学习和积累，再加上我们从母语中获得的语调知识，我们肯定能成功应付语调的问题。而在听力考试中，除了我们能听得到的说话人的语音特征，如语速、的绝对调高、的语调范围及语调之外，辅之以词汇意义、的上下文线索、的四个选项所圈定的范围等，选出正确的选项应该不是一个困难的问题。

10 英语发音规则

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读音例词编号

a 在开音节中

[ei] name plane Jane baby cake

1-01

在闭音节中

[?] bag dad hat map black back

1-02

e 在开音节中

[i:] he these me Chinese

1-03

在闭音节中

[e] bed let pen desk yes egg

1-04

i 在开音节中

[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

1-05

在闭音节中

fish big drink sit milk swim

1-06

o 在开音节中

[ou] those close go hoe home no

1-07

在闭音节中

[ ]

clock not box shop sock

1-08

u 在开音节中

[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

1-09

在闭音节中

[ ]

bus cup jump much lunch

1-10

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

1-11

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读音例词编号

a [ ]

China another woman breakfast

2-01

orange comrade village cabbage 2-02

e [ ]

hundred student open weekend 2-03

chicken pocket begin children 2-04

i [ ]/

holiday beautiful family animal 2-05

[ai] exercise satellite

2-06

o [ ]

second tonight somebody welcome

2-07

[ u]

also zero photo

2-08

u [ ]

autumn diffcult 2-09

[ju(] popular congratulation January

2-10

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

2-11

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(]音，例如：July influence February issue 2-12

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[ ]音，也可以读作音。

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

读音例词编号

a在[w]音后面 [ ]

want what watch wash quality

3-01

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

3-02

i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high

3-03

o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold

3-04

o在m n v th前 [ ]

come monkey love mother

3-05

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读音例词编号

ar

ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener

4-01

[ :]

warm quarter towards

4-02

or

or在[w]音后面 [ :]

forty morning short

4-03

[ :]

word worker worse

4-04

er ir ur [ :]

certainly bird Thursday

4-05

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry

4-06

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ ]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

4-07

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读音例词编号

are [ε ]

care dare hare

5-01

ere [i ]

here mere

5-02

ire [ai ]

fire hire wire

5-03

ore [ :]

more score before

5-04

ure [ju ]

pure cure

5-05

　　完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[ ]音，例如：picture pleasure

　　非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[ r]音，例如：salary

5-06

　　重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。

例如：parent zero story during inspiring

5-07

　　某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如：orange very American paragraph

5-08

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读音例词编号

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play

6-01

air [ε ]

air hair chair pair repair

6-02

al

al在f m前 [ ]

small ball talk wall all 6-03

[ :l]

always also salt almost

6-04

[α:] half calm

6-05

au/aw [ :]

autumn daughter draw

6-06

ea [i:] teach easy cheap please

6-07

[e] heavy bread sweater weather

6-08

[ei] break great 6-09

ear [i ]

hear dear near clear year 6-10

[ε ]

bear pear wear swear 6-11

[ :]

earth learn early 6-12

ee [i:] jeep week green three

6-13

eer [i ]

pioneer deer beer

6-14

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they

6-15

eu/ew在

j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper

6-16

[u:] flew brew jewelry

6-17

ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize

6-18

oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

6-19

oar/oor [ :]

roar board door floor 6-20

oi/oy [ i]

noise point boy toilet

6-21

oo [u:] broom food tooth school

6-22

book look cook foot good

6-23

ou/ow [au] flower house count down

6-24

[ u]

know row throw though 6-25

[ ]

young country enough

6-26

[u:] group you soup 6-27

our [ :]

course your four 6-28

[au ]

our hour ours 6-29

[ :]

journey 6-30

ui

在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition 6-31

[u:] juice fruit suit 6-32

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

读音例词编号

ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey 7-01

ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 7-02

元音字组在非重读音节中读[ ]音或。

例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

7-03

-sion -tion [ n]

impression nation 7-04

-sion在元音字母后 [ n]

vision decision occasion 7-05

-tion在s后 [ n]

question suggestion 7-06

-sten [sn] listen 7-07

-stle [sl] whistle 7-08

-sure [ ]

pleasure measure 7-09

-ture [ ]

picture culture 7-10

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

　　复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如：

　　everyday[ei]

　　handbag[?]

　　blackboard[ :]

8-01

　　有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：

　　sun太阳 + day[ei]日子＞ Sunday 星期天

　　holy神圣 + day[ei]日子＞ holiday 假日

　　break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒＞ breakfast[ ] 早餐

　　cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] ＞ cupboard[ ] 碗柜

　　main主要部分 + land陆地[?] ＞ mainland[ ] 大陆

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组

读音例词编号

b bike bus bag 9-01

[/] bomb tomb

9-02

c

c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03

[s] face decide cinema 9-04

ch [ ]

much chick rich teacher

9-05

[k] school headache chemistry

9-06

[ ]

machine Chicago

9-07

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08

d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09

-dge [ ]

bridge fridge 9-10

dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11

f [f] five four breakfast 9-12

g

g在e i/y前 [ ]

bag gardon go 9-13

[ ]

orange large German 9-14

gh [f] cough enough 9-15

[/] light daughter high 9-16

gu- [ ]

guess league dialogue guitar 9-17

[ w]

language anguish 9-18

h [h] hot head house hand 9-19

[/] hour honest honor

9-20

j [ ]

jeep jar joke join July 9-21

k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22

kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23

l [l] life milk school tall 9-24

m [m] monkey come example 9-25

-mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26

n

n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9-27

[ ]

uncle thank hungry 9-28

-ng [ ]

morning young wrong 9-29

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30

ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31

q [k] Iraq 9-32

qu- [kw] quality quite 9-33

r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34

s在词首或清辅音前

元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35

[z] music husband 9-36

sh [ ]

she fish shirt wash 9-37

t在通常情况下

在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-38

[ ]

patient nation 9-39

tch [ ]

watch catch match 9-40

th在通常情况下

在冠词代词介词连词中

在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method

9-41

[ ]

the these with than

9-42

[ ]

clothe father weather 9-43

tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-44

v [v] very voice love leave 9-45

w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-46

[/] answer two 9-47

wh-

wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9-48

[h] who whose whole 9-49

x

在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-50

[gz] examle exist exact 9-51

wr- [r] write 9-52

y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-53

z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-54

ds[dz] ts[ts] ps-[s]

辅字组后加一横线表示这个字组经常出现在音节开头，而不是单词开头。如：tr-(coun-try) y-(Saw-yer)。音节开头也不一定就是音节的最前面，如：tr-(street)

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英语绕口令

赵宝斌编辑整理

She sells seashells on the seashore.

And the shells she sells are seashells, I am sure.

'cause if she sells shell at the seashore,

The shells sells are seashells, for sure.

A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear.

The big black bear bit back the big black bug.

Robert Rolly rolled a round roll round.

If Robert Rolly rolled a round roll round,

Where is the round roll,

Robert Rolly rolled around?

Ann sent Andy ten hens and Andy sent Ann ten pens.

Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.

Sally always suffers from sea-sickness when she is at sea.

Surely the sun shall shine soon.

The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Jack had a rat; Sam had a cat.

Sam's cat ate Jack's rat.

Jack asked Sam to pay for his rat.

Sam said, "I'll give you my cat for your rate."

Good morning to all who walk,

Good morning to all who crawl;

Good morning to all who soar,

Or swim, good morning, I call.

To broad and to small to short and to tall;

Good morning, good morning to all.

The little addled adder added ads.

All Al's sly allies lie.

John, where had had "had had', had had "had had' had had his master's approval.

A big bug hit a bold bald bear and the bold bald bear bled blood badly.

Blake the baker bakers black bread.

Betty Block blows big black bubbles.

A bachelor botched a batch of badly baked biscuits.

Bess is the best backward blue-blowing bugler in the Boston brass band.

Brught bloom the blossoms on the brook's bare brown banks.

A cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup.

You cross a cross across a cross, or stick a cross across a cross.

If you must cross a coarse cross cow across a crowded-cow crossing, cross the cross coarse cow across the crowded=cow crossing carefully.

The drummers drummed and the strummers strummed.

Can a flying fish flee far from a free fish fry?

Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancy's fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work.

The glum groom grew glummer.

Hatches, catches, matches and dispatches.

He kisses the misses and she misses the kisses.

He who laughs last laughs best.

No pains, no gains. No cross, no crown; No gall, no glory.

There is no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight; for a night light's just a slight light.

Peter Potter splattered a plate of peas on Patty Platt's pink plaid pants.

Soldiers shoulders shudder when shrill shells shriek.

Small, smart snakes smelling smoked steaks.

Six sharp sharks seek small snacks, so swim, Sam, swim!

If silly Sally will shilly-shally, shall silly Willy willy-nilly shilly-shally, too?

Thick ticks think thin ticks are sick.

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck the wood as much as he could if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

Shallow sailing ships should shun shallow shoals.

Selected from English Tongue Twisters by He Gaoda

More Twisters

Six sick slick slim sycamore saplings.

A box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits

A skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk,

but the stump thunk the skunk stunk.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry.

Unique New York.

Betty Botter had some butter,

"But," she said, "this butter's bitter.

If I bake this bitter butter,

it would make my batter bitter.

But a bit of better butter--

that would make my batter better."

So she bought a bit of butter,

better than her bitter butter,

and she baked it in her batter,

and the batter was not bitter.

So 'twas better Betty Botter

bought a bit of better butter.

Six thick thistle sticks. Six thick thistles stick.

Is this your sister's sixth zither, sir?

A big black bug bit a big black bear,

made the big black bear bleed blood.

The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick.

Toy boat. Toy boat. Toy boat.

One smart fellow, he felt smart.

Two smart fellows, they felt smart.

Three smart fellows, they all felt smart.

Pope Sixtus VI's six texts.

I slit the sheet, the sheet I slit, and on the slitted sheet I sit.

She sells sea shells by the sea shore.

The shells she sells are surely seashells.

So if she sells shells on the seashore,

I'm sure she sells seashore shells.

Mrs. Smith's Fish Sauce Shop.

"Surely Sylvia swims!" shrieked Sammy, surprised.

"Someone should show Sylvia some strokes so she shall not sink."

A Tudor who tooted a flute

tried to tutor two tooters to toot.

Said the two to their tutor,

"Is it harder to toot

or to tutor two tooters to toot?"

Shy Shelly says she shall sew sheets.

Three free throws.

I am not the pheasant plucker,

I'm the pheasant plucker's mate.

I am only plucking pheasants

'cause the pheasant plucker's running late.

Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.

A flea and a fly flew up in a flue.

Said the flea, "Let us fly!"

Said the fly, "Let us flee!"

So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

Knapsack straps.

Which wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches?

Lesser leather never weathered wetter weather better.

A bitter biting bittern

Bit a better brother bittern,

And the bitter better bittern

Bit the bitter biter back.

And the bitter bittern, bitten,

By the better bitten bittern,

Said: "I'm a bitter biter bit, alack!"

Inchworms itching.

A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

The myth of Miss Muffet.

Mr. See owned a saw.

And Mr. Soar owned a seesaw.

Now See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw

Before Soar saw See,

Which made Soar sore.

Had Soar seen See's saw

Before See sawed Soar's seesaw,

See's saw would not have sawed

Soar's seesaw.

So See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw.

But it was sad to see Soar so sore

Just because See's saw sawed

Soar's seesaw!

Friendly Frank flips fine flapjacks.

Vincent vowed vengence very vehemently.

Cheap ship trip.

I cannot bear to see a bear

Bear down upon a hare.

When bare of hair he strips the hare,

Right there I cry, "Forbear!"

Lovely lemon liniment.

Gertie's great-grandma grew aghast at Gertie's grammar.

Tim, the thin twin tinsmith

Fat frogs flying past fast.

I need not your needles, they're needless to me;

For kneading of noodles, 'twere needless, you see;

But did my neat knickers but need to be kneed,

I then should have need of your needles indeed.

Flee from fog to fight flu fast!

Greek grapes.

The boot black bought the black boot back.

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck

if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,

and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would

if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

We surely shall see the sun shine soon.

Moose noshing much mush.

Ruby Rugby's brother bought and brought her

back some rubber baby-buggy bumpers.

Sly Sam slurps Sally's soup.

My dame hath a lame tame crane,

My dame hath a crane that is lame.

Six short slow shepherds.

A tree toad loved a she-toad

Who lived up in a tree.

He was a two-toed tree toad

But a three-toed toad was she.

The two-toed tree toad tried to win

The three-toed she-toad's heart,

For the two-toed tree toad loved the ground

That the three-toed tree toad trod.

But the two-toed tree toad tried in vain.

He couldn't please her whim.

From her tree toad bower

With her three-toed power

The she-toad vetoed him.

Which witch wished which wicked wish?

Old oily Ollie oils old oily autos.

The two-twenty-two train tore through the tunnel.

Silly Sally swiftly shooed seven silly sheep.

The seven silly sheep Silly Sally shooed

shilly-shallied south.

These sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack;

sheep should sleep in a shed.

Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.

Three gray geese in the green grass grazing.

Gray were the geese and green was the grass.

Many an anemone sees an enemy anemone.

Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely.

Peggy Babcock.

You've no need to light a night-light

On a light night like tonight,

For a night-light's light's a slight light,

And tonight's a night that's light.

When a night's light, like tonight's light,

It is really not quite right

To light night-lights with their slight lights

On a light night like tonight.

Black bug's blood.

Flash message!

Say this sharply, say this sweetly,

Say this shortly, say this softly.

Say this sixteen times in succession.

Six sticky sucker sticks.

If Stu chews shoes, should Stu

choose the shoes he chews?

Crisp crusts crackle crunchily.

Give papa a cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup.

Six sharp smart sharks.

What a shame such a shapely sash

should such shabby stitches show.

Sure the ship's shipshape, sir.

Betty better butter Brad's bread.

Of all the felt I ever felt,

I never felt a piece of felt

which felt as fine as that felt felt,

when first I felt that felt hat's felt.

Sixish.

Don't pamper damp scamp tramps that camp under ramp lamps.

Swan swam over the sea,

Swim, swan, swim!

Swan swam back again

Well swum, swan!

Six shimmering sharks sharply striking shins.

I thought a thought.

But the thought I thought wasn't the thought

I thought I thought.

Brad's big black bath brush broke.

Thieves seize skis.

Chop shops stock chops.

Sarah saw a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sashes

as the sunshine shone on the side of the shot-silk sash shop.

Strict strong stringy Stephen Stretch

slickly snared six sickly silky snakes.

Susan shineth shoes and socks;

socks and shoes shines Susan.

She ceased shining shoes and socks,

for shoes and socks shock Susan.

Truly rural.

The blue bluebird blinks.

Betty and Bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar.

When a twister a-twisting will twist him a twist,

For the twisting of his twist, he three twines doth intwist;

But if one of the twines of the twist do untwist,

The twine that untwisteth untwisteth the twist.

Untwirling the twine that untwisteth between,

He twirls, with his twister, the two in a twine;

Then twice having twisted the twines of the twine,

He twitcheth the twice he had twined in twain.

The twain that in twining before in the twine,

As twines were intwisted he now doth untwine;

Twist the twain inter-twisting a twine more between,

He, twirling his twister, makes a twist of the twine.

The Leith police dismisseth us.

The seething seas ceaseth

and twiceth the seething seas sufficeth us.

If one doctor doctors another doctor, does the doctor

who doctors the doctor doctor the doctor the way the

doctor he is doctoring doctors? Or does he doctor

the doctor the way the doctor who doctors doctors?

Two Truckee truckers truculently truckling

to have truck to truck two trucks of truck.

Plague-bearing prairie dogs.

Ed had edited it.

She sifted thistles through her thistle-sifter.

Give me the gift of a grip top sock:

a drip-drape, ship-shape, tip-top sock.

While we were walking, we were watching window washers

wash Washington's windows with warm washing water.

Freshly fried fresh flesh.

Pacific Lithograph.

Six twin screwed steel steam cruisers.

The crow flew over the river

with a lump of raw liver.

Preshrunk silk shirts

A bloke's back bike brake block broke.

A pleasant place to place a plaice is a place

where a plaice is pleased to be placed.

I correctly recollect Rebecca MacGregor's reckoning.

Good blood, bad blood.

Quick kiss. Quicker kiss.

I saw Esau kissing Kate. I saw Esau,

he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau.

Cedar shingles should be shaved and saved.

Lily ladles little Letty's lentil soup.

Amidst the mists and coldest frosts,

with stoutest wrists and loudest boasts,

he thrusts his fist against the posts

and still insists he sees the ghosts.

Shelter for six sick scenic sightseers.

Listen to the local yokel yodel.

Give Mr. Snipa's wife's knife a swipe.

Whereat with blade,

with bloody, blameful blade,

he bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.

Are our oars oak?

Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager

imagining managing an imaginary menagerie?

A lusty lady loved a lawyer

and longed to lure him from his laboratory.

The epitome of femininity.

She stood on the balcony

inexplicably mimicing him hiccupping,

and amicably welcoming him home.

Kris Kringle carefully crunched on candy canes.

Please pay promptly.

On mules we find two legs behind

and two we find before.

We stand behind before we find

what those behind be for.

What time does the wristwatch strap shop shut?

One-One was a racehorse.

Two-Two was one, too.

When One-One won one race,

Two-Two won one, too.

Girl gargoyle, guy gargoyle.

Pick a partner and practice passing,

for if you pass proficiently,

perhaps you'll play professionally.

Once upon a barren moor

There dwelt a bear, also a boar.

The bear could not bear the boar.

The boar thought the bear a bore.

At last the bear could bear no more

Of that boar that bored him on the moor,

And so one morn he bored the boar--

That boar will bore the bear no more.

If a Hottentot taught a Hottentot tot

To talk ere the tot could totter,

Ought the Hottenton tot

Be taught to say aught, or naught,

Or what ought to be taught her?

If to hoot and to toot a Hottentot tot

Be taught by her Hottentot tutor,

Ought the tutor get hot

If the Hottentot tot

Hoot and toot at her Hottentot tutor?

Will you, William?

Mix, Miss Mix!

Who washed Washington's white woolen underwear

when Washington's washer woman went west?

Two toads, totally tired.

Freshly-fried flying fish.

The sawingest saw I ever saw saw

was the saw I saw saw in Arkansas.

Just think, that sphinx has a sphincter that stinks!

Strange strategic statistics.

Sarah sitting in her Chevrolet,

All she does is sits and shifts,

All she does is sits and shifts.

Hi-Tech Traveling Tractor Trailor Truck Tracker

Ned Nott was shot and Sam Shott was not.

So it is better to be Shott than Nott.

Some say Nott was not shot.

But Shott says he shot Nott.

Either the shot Shott shot at Nott was not shot, or Nott was shot.

If the shot Shott shot shot Nott, Nott was shot.

But if the shot Shott shot shot Shott, then Shott was shot, not Nott.

However, the shot Shott shot shot not Shott --but Nott.

Six slippery snails, slid slowly seaward.

Three twigs twined tightly.

There was a young fisher named Fischer

Who fished for a fish in a fissure.

The fish with a grin,

Pulled the fisherman in;

Now they're fishing the fissure for Fischer.

Pretty Kitty Creighton had a cotton batten cat.

The cotton batten cat was bitten by a rat.

The kitten that was bitten had a button for an eye,

And biting off the button made the cotton batten fly.

Suddenly swerving, seven small swans

Swam silently southward,

Seeing six swift sailboats

Sailing sedately seaward.

The ochre ogre ogled the poker.

If you stick a stock of liquor in your locker,

It's slick to stick a lock upon your stock,

Or some stickler who is slicker

Will stick you of your liquor

If you fail to lock your liquor

With a lock!

Shredded Swiss chesse.

The soldiers shouldered shooters on their shoulders.

Theophiles Thistle, the successful thistle-sifter,

in sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,

thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb.

Now.....if Theophiles Thistle, the successful thistle-sifter,

in sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,

thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb,

see that thou, in sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,

thrust not three thousand thistles through the thick of thy thumb.

Success to the successful thistle-sifter!

Thank the other three brothers of their father's mother's brother's side.

They both, though, have thirty-three thick thimbles to thaw.

Irish wristwatch.

Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread.

Cows graze in groves on grass which grows in grooves in groves.

Brisk brave brigadiers brandished broad bright blades,

blunderbusses, and bludgeons -- balancing them badly.

Tragedy strategy.

Selfish shellfish.

They have left the thriftshop, and lost both their theatre tickets and the

volume of valuable licenses and coupons for free theatrical frills and thrills.

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