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英文推荐信写作模式 下面是一个推荐信模版，它可以帮助你写好一封推荐信。 Salutation 如果你的推荐信是要给某一个人的，你应该加上称呼，例如Dear Dr. Smith, Dear Mr. Jones，等等。如果你的推荐信非常general，你在称呼的地方写To Whom it May Concern 或者不写称呼也可以。 Paragraph 1 推荐信的第一段应该说明你和被推荐人的关系，包括你是怎么认识他/她的，还有你写这封推荐信的资格。 Paragraph 2 推荐信的第二段应该包括被推荐人的个人信息，说明他/她的资格、能力，还有你为什么要为他/她写推荐信。如果必要的话，可以分几段来描述细节。 Paragraph 3 如果是推荐被推荐人应聘某个职位，推荐信应该描述这个人的能力能适合他/她所要求的职位。可以参考招聘广告上对职位的要求和被推荐人的简历一起来写。 Summary 主要内容叙述清楚后，还应该加一个简短的总结。总结部分应该再简述一下你为什么要推荐这个人。可以写上I highly recommend the person，I recommend the person without reservation 或者其他类似的话。 Conclusion 推荐信的结尾部分应该写上你愿意提供更多的详细信息，要注明你的电话号码，联系方式和email address。 最后，还要写上下面这一段： Sincerely, Writer's Name 一封推荐信就完成啦！我们还会推出各种推荐信范文，需要的朋友请继续关注，千万不要错过！
英文求职信结尾常用的十句话
1. I would appreciate the privilege of an interview. I may be reached at the address given above, or by telephone at 32333416. 英语推荐信例文：推荐一位普通员工 To Whom it May Concern: I've been Michael Smith's manager at XYZ Engineering for almost four years. It was my pleasure to promote Michael to mechanical engineer last year, because he consistently meets and often exceeds his job requirements. Michael is an enthusiastic, dedicated employee with reliable work habits. He often does not need guidance or supervision, but willingly accepts it when offered. He is consistently successful in improving his skills, and he works hard to do so. Michael is always willing to pitch in to help the team, and he gets the job done right the first time. He is efficient in planning projects, punctual in meeting deadlines, and conscientiously adheres to company standards and guidelines. You'd be hard pressed to find an employee more dedicated than Michael, and I recommend him as a rock-solid addition to your engineering staff. If you'd like more information, I'd be happy to provide it. Please call the phone number above and ask for me by name. Sincerely, [Signature] John Doe 推荐信例文：推荐毕业生 I'm writing this reference letter on behalf of Betty Yang. I have been Betty's supervisor for four years at Nanjing University. During these four years, I have watched her rapidly advance from an entry-level position to a senior one. I've never hesitated to recommend her for promotion when positions became available. Betty derives satisfaction from helping our customers troubleshoot problems. Many of those who have received help from Betty specifically ask for her if they need to contact support again, and for good reason: She's professional, courteous and quick to help. She is skilled and tackles problems without prompting. I often see Betty in our lab before or after work hours, working on problems. Betty is a team player who is always willing to share her knowledge with others. For example, thanks to Betty's willingness to share the trouble-ticket notes she so meticulously recorded and compiled, our department was able to create a step-by-step online troubleshooting guide for our field engineers. Consequently, we've seen an increase in customer satisfaction, a reduction in complaints, and significant savings for the department. I have nothing but good things to say about Betty and I would strongly recommend her for any endeavor she chooses. Please don't hesitate to contact me if you need any more information. Sincerely, [Signature] Tom Green 单位推荐信 Scott Smith worked for me at XYZ Technologies for three years as a senior technical instructor. I am writing this letter to confirm that his recent layoff from XYZ was not in any way tied to his performance, and to highly recommend him as an employee with your organization. Had I been given the choice, I would not have laid Scott off. But it was not my decision to make. XYZ decided to withdraw from the PC market, balance expenses with the anticipated reduction in sales revenue, and hire a consulting firm to evaluate long-term staffing needs. As a result, XYZ drastically reduced the size of its workforce by dissolving the entire PC division, including the technical training department. Unfortunately, this major reorganization left no other position open for Scott. We regretfully had to let him go. Scott is a conscientious, highly skilled technical instructor, worthy of at least a senior management position. He has keen insight into the learning process, and is an expert in needs analysis, project management, course development, and classroom instruction. Scott's in-depth product knowledge, unique instructional techniques, and excellent people skills have consistently received rave reviews from his students. Should conditions at XYZ change I wouldn't hesitate to hire him back. If you would like to speak to me about Scott's skills, talents and work habits, feel free to call (123) 555-0002 or page me by dialing (123) 555-0003. Sincerely, Mary Doe
自我推荐信 For example, it's no secret that employers often use the cover of legit layoffs (合法裁员) to get rid of undesirable employees. If you get laid off, it might raise the eyebrows of an interviewer or two. Was it because you were among the ranks of the undesirable or simply because your job was eliminated? A letter of recommendation that praises your performance and explains why the termination wasn't your fault might come in handy. 雇主通常很愿意接受一封推荐信而代替去查阅关于你的更多信息。 For another, a letter of recommendation might speed up your hiring process. It takes more time to grill one of your references by phone or mail than it does to read your letter of recommendation. It also eliminates the risk that your reference will be unreachable, or might do a poor job because he or she was busy. All it takes is one unreachable or poor reference to turn the tide against you, while only one stellar letter of recommendation might be enough to satisfy your potential employer. The biggest advantage of a letter of recommendation is that you'll already know exactly what your reference has to say about you. A letter of recommendation might even impress and comfort a potential employer. Some employers justifiably fear involvement in lawsuits resulting from poor references. Consequently, they typically document what your references say. If you have a letter of recommendation, you've already documented for them while reducing their liability.
英语推荐信例文：做老师 Dear Sir or Madame, It is with great pleasure that I write to recommend Courtney Alexander to you. I have known Courtney for the past two years and have had the pleasure of having her in my United States History class during her junior year. During that time I have found her to be a bright, diligent, affable young woman. Courtney is not afraid of hard work, and is a team player. Her ability to work with her peers is a trait that will benefit her as she moves on to the next level. Throughout the year, she worked collaboratively with those seated around her in reviewing notes, going over possible examination material, and working through some of the more difficult concepts. Through her contributions to this ad hoc group, Courtney helped not only herself, but also others around her who were not progressing and improving as quickly as she was. Courtney Alexander is undoubtedly a student with the potential for great success at the next level. Her natural abilities combined with her work ethic and ability to evolve academically and socially are a recipe for success in the years to come. I enthusiastically recommend her for admission to Indiana University. If you have any questions or concerns in regards to Courtney, please feel free to contact me at (555) 555-5555. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, William R. Morrison, III
撰写英文推荐信的常用词语汇总
（2）Academic performance（学业上的表现） （3）Languages（语言能力） （4）Character（品行）
November 10, 1999 To Whom It May Concern: This is to confirm that Mr. Li Dashui has worked as a full-time system analyst in the NY University since Jun 1994(or This letter is to verify that Mr. Li Dashui worked as an chemist from July 1993 to Sept. 1994).
Design, develop and install various computer hardware, software
and network systems for banks. Mr. Li has mainly taken part in the following projects: The first engineering design of city general business computer
network system. Mr. Li is well experienced with IBM AS/400 system analysis, TCP/IP protocol, SNA protocol and LAN; proficient in RPGIII, VB, C/C++ and DB2, and skilled in UNIX, Informix, Client/Server etc. Mr. Li is a hard-working and talented analyst, and is highly respected
member in our company. If you need further information, please feel
free to contact me. Singature, Zhang Jianguo Senior Engineer and Technical Manage Company Name, Address, Tex & Fax You of course graciously acknowledge the recommender's good intentions and thank him or her for the outstanding idea. Inwardly you panic, curse, and think, "I can't write one more word. When am I going to find the time to do it? And what on earth am I supposed to say?" Relax. I'll tell you what a recommender should say. In fact, you can pass these tips on to your recommenders in case they don't know what to say and don't ask you to say it. 10 Tips for Recommenders I have personally supervised ten interns every summer for the last five years plus worked with over two hundred college graduates in my capacity as trainer for Big Bank Corp. Discuss how well you know the applicant. Ms. Smith reported directly to me for two years prior to her well-deserved promotion to the position of Assistant Campaign Manager Choose two to three qualities that you observed in the applicant.
The combination of tenacity, analytical abilities, and good communications skills found in Mr. Doe is truly unique. In discussing those qualities, support your statements with specific
instances in which he or she demonstrated those attributes. Be as
concrete and detailed as possible Because of Jane's writing skills, I didn't hesitate to ask her to write a report which was used by our PAC as the basis for a major policy statement. Congressman X eventually used the statement, based on Jane's sophisticated 20-page analysis of Middle East politics, in lobbying for increased funding. Try to quantify the student's strengths or rank him or her vis
a vis other applicants that you have observed. She has the best analytical skills of any person her age that I have ever supervised. Avoid generalities and platitudes. Occasionally, her fortitude and persistence can turn into stubbornness, but usually her good nature and level-headedness prevail. Discuss the applicant's potential in his or her chosen field. With her exceptional leadership, writing, and research skills,
Ms. Smith will be an outstanding professor and a credit to the graduate
school she attends. 使用有单位台头的信笺（中文字头也可），不必盖章。如信笺上无英文地址，则必须在信中注明地址和电话。 推荐信要有推荐人的姓名、职位和签名。 每一份工作的时间段一定要写清楚起始年月，务必要与申请表上的一致。 移民局规定，推荐信要详细(Detail)列出工作职责(Duties/Responsibilities)和你的主要课题。 尽量多用专业名词和术语，推荐信越详细越好。 信中要写明你的职业(Occupation)，职业名称要与申请表上一致。职业名称(如：Chem.ngineer,programmer)不同于职称或职位(如：Manager,Professor,Visiting Scholar)。 加拿大目前不招收Lecturer, Professor，大学讲师、教授必须写清是哪方面的专家，例如：物理学家，必须有70%的时间用于科研，教书时间不应超过30%。 移民局可能会在申请期间电话询问推荐人。因此推荐人要选自己人，作好应对准备。 To Whom It May Concern: This is to confirm that Mr. Li Dashui has worked as a full-time system analyst in the NY University since Jun 1994(or This letter is to verify that Mr. Li Dashui worked as an chemist from July 1993 to Sept. 1994).
Design, develop and install various computer hardware, software
and network systems for banks. Mr. Li has mainly taken part in the following projects: The first engineering design of city general business computer
network system. Mr. Li is well experienced with IBM AS/400 system analysis, TCP/IP protocol, SNA protocol and LAN; proficient in RPGIII, VB, C/C++ and DB2, and skilled in UNIX, Informix, Client/Server etc. Mr. Li is a hard-working and talented analyst, and is highly respected
member in our company. If you need further information, please feel
free to contact me. Singature, Zhang Jianguo Senior Engineer and Technical Manage Company Name, Address, Tex & Fax 2.Ask the applicant to supply you with additional information like a résumé. 3.Describe your qualifications for comparing the applicant to other
applicants. I have personally supervised ten interns every summer for the last five years plus worked with over two hundred college graduates in my capacity as trainer for Big Bank Corp. 4.Discuss how well you know the applicant. Ms. Smith reported directly to me for two years prior to her well-deserved promotion to the position of Senior in our Big Six Accounting Firm. 5.Choose two to three qualities that you observed in the applicant.
The combination of tenacity, analytical abilities, and good communications skills found in Mr. Doe is truly unique. 6.In discussing those qualities, support your statements with specific
instances in which he or she demonstrated those attributes. Be as
concrete and detailed as possible Because of Jane's writing skills, I didn't hesitate to ask her to write a report which was used by our PAC as the basis for a major policy statement. Congressman X eventually used the statement, based on Jane's sophisticated 20-page analysis of Middle East politics, in lobbying for increased funding. 7.Try to quantify the student's strengths or rank him or her vis
a vis other applicants that you have observed. She has the best analytical skills of any person her age that I have ever supervised. 8.Avoid generalities and platitudes. 9.Include some mild criticism, typically the flip-side of a strength.
Occasionally, her fortitude and persistence can turn into stubbornness, but usually her good nature and level-headedness prevail. 10.Discuss the applicant's potential in his or her chosen field.
With her exceptional leadership, writing, and quantitative skills, Ms. Smith will be an outstanding strategic consultant and and a credit to the business school she attends. 写推荐信的10个技巧 2.让申请人给你提供更多的材料，如简历等。 3.描述你把该申请人和其他申请人对比的先决条件。 我已从教20年，过去五年来，我指导过大约450名学生的独立研究项目。 五年来，我每年夏天带10名实习生，同时还以大银行集团（Big Bank Corp.）培训老师的身份带200多名大学生。 4.探讨你对申请人的了解程度。 我认识Doe先生是因为我每周的两次课他都上，而事实上只要求上一次。 史密斯小姐在大六会计事务所（Big Six Accounting Firm）升职前两年一直直接向我报告。 5.选你所观察到的申请人的一、两个优点。 珍妮有绝佳的写作和与人交往技巧。 Doe先生的特点是坚韧不拔、有分析头脑、善于与人沟通。 6.在描述这些优点的时候，举具体事例来支持你的观点，事例要尽量具体、详细。 他是我所教过的学生中唯一一名把听我所有的课当成一种不懈而最终成功掌握金融理论的努力的学生。班上只有10%的学生得了A，他是其中之一。 珍妮有这样好的写作技巧，我毫不犹豫就让她写了一份报告，这份报告是我们政治行动委员会（PAC）一项重要政策声明的基础。有了珍妮这20多页关于中东政治的分析，国会议员XXX用这份声明去游说，以图吸纳更多的资金。 7.力求把这名学生的能力量化，或把他和其他申请人相对比。 他是班上10%的好学生之一。 在我所知的她的同龄人中，她的分析能力是最好的。 8.避免一般化和陈词滥调。 9.有一些很温和的批评。 就我所知，他唯一的缺点是他与世无争的性格，这种性格使得他有时隐匿了年轻人的活力和广博的兴趣。 偶尔地，她的坚韧和坚持会变成固执，但通常她都性格很好，头脑也很冷静。 10.谈谈申请人在他/她所选领域里的前景 我竭力向贵商业学校推荐Doe先生，这名成熟的学生会成为一名优秀的商人。 史密斯小姐有优异的领导、写作等才能，她会成为一名出色的战略咨询人员，会成为她所服务的商业机构的骄傲。 自荐信要脱颖而出 一份好的自荐信应该包括以下八个方面的必要内容： 教育背景。你的大学专业是什么，你为何选择这个专业，多年来的专业学习学到了什么，与你选择工商管理研究有什么关系。 工作经历。你曾经担任过什么样的职务，这几年来的工作中有什么业绩、学到了什么，与你攻读MBA有什么关系。 社会活动组织能力。在大学期间曾经参与或组织过什么活动，曾担任什么样的工作，从中又学到了什么。 最满意的一次经历。最满意的一项工作或学习经历是什么，是怎样做好它的。 最突出的才能。你认为自己最突出的方面是什么，如领导能力、组织能力、交流沟通能力或是协调能力。 学习计划和目的。你在攻读MBA期间的学习计划是什么，攻读MBA与你的职业追求、职业目标又有什么关联。 奖励。你曾经受过何种奖励，你是否担任过助教，你是否有优秀的论文曾经得到发表或受到奖励。 特长爱好。你其他需要向商学院说明或解释的，如你的特长和爱好，或者你在某一方面，如学习成绩不够理想，需要向商学院解释的。 同时，如果你不想让你的自荐信埋没在数百名甚至数千名申请者的资料堆中的话，还要特别注意以下四点提示： 不要忽视东西方文化的差异。中国人一向视“谦虚”为美德，即使取得了不错的成绩也要学会有所保留，而西方人不仅追求“优越”而且还要善于表达出来，所以申请者在写自荐信时一定要把自己的长处毫不隐瞒地描述出来，使人一眼就能知道你优秀的方面。 要富有个性。虽然很多申请留学MBA的人都有大致相同的经历，但实际上他们还是有很多区别的，如生活背景、学习和工作成绩、所掌握的技巧等，申请者应力求在自荐信中突出自己在某方面与众不同的成绩、能力和优点。避免给人以“千篇一律”、“平平庸庸”的感觉。 要真实。美国人对一个人的诚实品质看得很重。例如在签证时，你什么“失误”都可以，惟一不能做的就是对签证官撒谎，如果你是因为撒谎而被拒签的话，那么再签成功率将会很低。因为撒谎是人格问题。也正因为如此，美国人觉得个人签字比盖章更有效。为了保证申请者材料的真实性，商学院甚至要求申请者的每一份简历都有签字。所以申请者在准备自己的个人材料时一定要注意材料的真实性。 不要太短或太长。自荐信长短一般以1～2页为佳，太短了，无法表达清楚，而长篇大论，校方又厌于阅读。 推荐信用词集锦 （1）Scholastic aptitude（学习方面的才能） a． Native intellectual ability（天赋） （2）Academic performance（学业上的表现） a． Breadth of general knowledge（知识丰富） （3）Languages（语言能力） a． Ability to speak, understand, read and write the English （4）Character（品行） a． Honesty; integrity（诚实） 谁是最好的推荐人呢？录取评审委员会最看重那些与被推荐者有着或曾有过密切的工作关系的人或其他熟悉你的科研能力、学术水平、组织能力和领导才能的人士。在大学比较了解你的教授，在工作单位里的顶头上司或是你参与的其他社会组织，如各种学术和慈善团体的负责人，是理所当然的最佳推荐人人选。 你也应当尽量避免请同一类型的人士给你写推荐信。你需要录取评审委员会对你有一个完整而全面的了解，不能只局限于在校的学习成绩或是工作上的表现。 除了推荐者的选择，推荐信的内容也有格外需要注意的地方。一封好的推荐信不仅需要出自一位在某一方面了解你的人士之手，而且这封信对你的评价必须要有具体的例子来佐证。许许多多的推荐信都犯着一个雷同而且是致使的错误，那就是几乎每一句话都堆满了赞美的形容词或名词，但却不举一件事例来证明。这样的推荐信是苍白无力的，它不增加评审
当然，即使是十分了解你的推荐者也不能保证完全了解或是记得你的具体成就和能力，他们也可能不清楚在推荐信上详细介绍你的重要性。你所应该做的是与推荐者交谈一次，提醒他们你所具有的能力和已获得的成就并表明你希望他们能够提到这些事实。 推荐者如果恰当地而又正面谈到申请人的不足，就会增加推荐信的真实性，而且也显示出对被推荐者深刻的了解。这样的推荐信就会更加有分量。 此外，许多申请者在细节上相当马虎，他们去替推荐者打印给自己的几封推荐信时，不仅行文的口气、格式完全没有变化，连使用的纸张、信封、字型、字号也一模一样。国外的评审委员往往不了解中国的特殊国情，他们可能据此判断你在伪造推荐信。 总之：推荐信是除自述外最重要的出国留学申请文件，起着从侧面介绍、证明的作用。由于其客观性，推荐信能起到自述所起不到的作用。 介绍每个人独特的个性用词也十分讲究，下列Characters是国外大学所欣赏的： （1）Scholastic aptitude（学习方面的才能） a． Native intellectual ability（天赋） b． Imagination（想像力） c． Creativity（创造力） d． Capacity for analytical thinking（分析思考能力） e． Intellectual curiosity或Spirit of inquiry（好奇心） f． Ability to work independently（独立学习工作的能力） g． Memory（记忆力） h． Accuracy（准确性） i． Methodology（研究方法） j． Capability for abstract reasoning（抽象推理的能力） k． Potential as a researcher（研究的潜力） 1． Potential as a teacher（教学的潜力） m． Ability to express his ideas orally and in writing （口头或文字的表达能力） n． Capacity， desire and determination for good quality graduate work（获得学业成功的能力、愿望与决心） o． Probable success as a graduate student（作为研究生成功的可能性） （2）Academic performance（学业上的表现） a． Breadth of general knowledge（知识丰富） b． Knowledge of literature in his field（本专业领域知识） c． Grade or achievement（成绩或成就） d． Industry， diligence（勤勉） e． Participation in discussion（讨论积极） f． Academic maturity（学业上的成熟） （3）Languages（语言能力） a． Ability to speak， understand， read and write the English language （听、说、读、写英文的能力） b． Ability to read significant literature in other languages than English（英语以外的语言阅读能力） （4）Character（品行） a． Honesty； integrity（诚实） b． Sincerity（诚恳） c． Sense of responsibility（责任感） d． Cooperation （合作） e． Enthusiasm（热诚） f． Conscientiousness（自觉性） g． Ethical and moral standards（伦理与道德标准） h． Reliability； dependability（可靠性） 当你请教授为你写推荐信时，不知老师会写什么？请教授为你写推荐信，觉得有点紧张？无论你有多少想法，你要明白的是你可以让你的教授能写一封很棒的推荐信，你完全可以影响到这封信的内涵。 在你求职或者申请大学时，一封很棒的推荐信，绝对能给你带来绝处逢生的机会。但是很多教授说一些学生在要求为他们写推荐信时，总是不能表述恰当，有时甚至给他们留下不好的印象。那么，如何能给为你写推荐信的教授留下良好的学术印象？ 很简单，下面六招，将为你解开迷团，让你得到优秀的推荐信，不管你的GPA的高低。 1.准备详实的个人材料夹 教授写好一封推荐信，需要你提供详实的个人材料。即使在一所很小的大学里，每个教授一学期要教许多学生。如果教授从你那仅能得到成绩单，那么在推荐信中他只能提到你这几年的学习成绩。如果你希望得到一封优秀的推荐信，你就需要整理自己的个人材料，准备一个详尽的文件夹，并清楚的标明你的全名。你的个人材料文件夹需要包括以下材料： 你的成绩单（如果GPA在3.0至4.0之间，当然不错。） 简历（一页）。你的简历应突出你所做的义工，和你选修的与申请的大学有关的课程。这样，你的教授便会较全面的了解你。如果这些他们都知道，那就再提醒他们一次。 其他与之相关的表格等等，你都需要一并把他们放入相应的贴好邮票的信封内。 如果可能的话，最好附上官方的成绩单。 另外，别忘了写你自己的个人陈述和学业目标（半页纸）。听起来有点俗，仔细想想。教授们喜欢有远大志向的学生。简单的说，一个学生如果没有明确的方向，会给你的教授留下非常坏的印象。如果没有具体的实施步骤，也许你的教授会认为你还没有为将来的学习作好准备。 2.预约见面 同时，为你这次谈话作好充分准备。怎样谈论你将来的计划，哪些是你学术上或者个人的擅长，这些可以帮你实现你的目标。哪些是有可能阻挡你实现目标的障碍？如果遇到障碍，你有哪些计划来克服困难？总之，要把这次会谈当作一次面试。让教授了解你为自己设置的目标，你的个人计划，当然不必谈你为达到目标已经取得了多大的成功。 最后，一定要避免在课上或者课后来讨论你的推荐信。无论如何，不能在信发出之前一天，把材料塞到教授手中。 你很忙？你的教授也忙。急匆匆写就的推荐信，不会太好。 3.作好调研工作 一定要提前研究你所申请的公司或者学校。这样不仅会有利于你的应试申请，而且也向你的教授表明你对于那份工作或者那所大学是认真的。你想去的公司文化怎样？你想就读的大学学术氛围如何？这些公司或者学校的竞争程度、属于传统型，还是创新型？学者们喜欢那些知道应该谈论什么的人。 4.征求建议 征求导师对于你职业或者学业的建议，这样你会把你们的关系拉近距离。大多数导师喜欢谈论他们自己领域的事情。事实上，他们很难发现人们是否真的对他们的学术领域感兴趣。举个例子，你对英国文学非常感兴趣，这将会使一些英语教授感到高兴。反过来说，许多商业公司的职员会为你骄傲，当你告诉他们你是如何想毕业后在商业领域里发展自己的事业。另外，如果你真的对某教授的课程感兴趣，一定要告诉他，告诉他你是如何被吸引的。 5.学习他人 谈谈你是如何从你的朋友或者相关专业的毕业生那学到的经验，学习他人也是大学教育的一个重要组成部分。你避免了哪些错误？ 为什么你的朋友作对了？需要记住的是，大学是学习的经历。没有必要惧怕谈到自己所犯的错误。谈谈你班里班外的同学是如何学习的，学习他人，将给你带来无穷益处。 6.发致谢涵 人们不可避免的在第一次作事时犯一些错误，申请入大学或者申请一份工作时也不例外。尽管你没有4.0 GPA, 但是你仍然可以在成熟、责任感、雄心和良好的风度方面排在前列。你的推荐信成功的向你的雇主或者大学长官传达了这一信息。当然这取决于你如何向你的推荐人成功的展现你的能力和个人资质 以谁的名义来写推荐信？ 推荐信的长度： 推荐信的写作要领： 推荐信的打印和邮寄
通常来说，学校教授、任课老师、企业老板、学部委员都是可以写推荐信的。一些留学生在挑选写推荐信人的时候，往往会进入一个误区，认为请名头越大的人写越好。这个问题只能是根据每个人的具体背景来回答，并没有普遍适用的答案，但不管是请什么级别的人来写，一定要体现该推荐人和申请者是如何相识的，是什么关系，并确实了解申请者的情况，这样才合乎情理和逻辑。记者从京城一些知名留学中介了解到，目前，国外重视的是本科生读硕士或者更高的人的推荐信。这样并非说预科、本科这样的推荐信就不重要，而是相对来说，它的作用就不像读研究生或以上学位那样大了。如果你是应届本科生毕业，那么写推荐信的人应该是任课的教授，一个专业课老师，一个基础课老师。这样，一个在专业上突出你的长处和学习能力，另一个则体现你的基础素质等方面。而对于在职的人来说，写推荐信的人可以是公司的直接上司和有学术专长的教授。应该说，只有是一位熟悉你并且欣赏你，本身在学术界颇有成就的教授，或者真正了解你的公司领导，才能写出一封深刻、有说服力的推荐信。 推荐信要突出个人亮点 在推荐信中，并不是把这个人的优点写得面面俱到就是好推荐信，因为这样并没有突出申请者与众不同的亮点。同时，在国外的院校里，他们每天要收到很多封推荐信，有亮点的信自然会吸引人的注意。一封推荐信中有一个主要的闪光点并有具体例子佐证你的优点即可，这样会给招生人员留下较为深刻的印象。许许多多的推荐信都犯着一个相似的错误，那就是几乎满篇都是溢美之词，但却不举一件事例来证明。 500～800字是理想篇幅 专家告诉记者，推荐信切忌写得过长，一般来说500～800英文字以内是比较理想的篇幅，能排在一张A4信纸，并上下留出写抬头和签名的充足空间。另外，最好用推荐信印有推荐人单位(学校、公司)名称的信封和信纸，并用激光打印机打印。教授推荐函中要注明教授的电话号码，所在系及学校地址，并用学校正规信签纸有学校名称信头的信纸打印出来。信上需打印出教授姓名的汉语拼音，并请教授签名。推荐信可以和申请表一起寄出，但要记住在信封正面写上推荐人和对方学校的联系地址，以便核查。(本报实习记者石丹) 相关联接 推荐信的完整格式 一封推荐信除了信头、发信日期、收信人姓名、称呼、信尾谦称、签名、推荐人姓名、职务等必需部分之外，正文内容说明应包括下列各项：被推荐者的签名——为便于对方查询，被推荐者的签名仅写“Mr Wang”或“Miss Zhang”是不够的。用标准的汉语拼音或英文拼法都可以，但必须由被推荐者自己提供，且前后必须一致。认识被推荐者的时间(How long have you know him／her)——何时开始认识，或认识了多久。认识程度(How well do you know him／her)——是偶尔见面还是关系密切，或仅教过一年还是担任其导师。与被推荐人的关系(Relationship)——师生关系，上、下级领导关系等。被推荐人的表现(Performance)——学习上、生活上、课堂上和课外活动上的表现。结论意见——愿意推荐或不愿意推荐，无保留或有所保留的推荐、普通推荐或极力推荐，必须明确，当然极力推荐为最好。以上六项是任何一封推荐信所必须包括的，缺其中任意一项则都会失去函件应有的功能或会大大降低推荐的效果。(石丹) 申请英美的硕士研究生或博士研究生项目一般需要 2~3份推荐信。推荐信是除自述外最重要的出国留学申请文件，起着从侧面介绍、证明的作用。由于其客观性，推荐信能起到自述所起不到的作用。 谁是最好的推荐人呢？录取评审委员会最看重那些与被推荐者有着或曾有过密切的工作关系的人或其他熟悉你的科研能力、学术水平、组织能力和领导才能的人士。许多申请者喜欢请地位高的人士推荐自己，比方说大学校长、大集团公司的领导等。但如果不能令人信服地证明他们了解你的学术成果、工作能力和领导才干，就起不到积极的效果。在大学比较了解你的教授，在工作单位里的顶头上司或是你参与的其他社会组织，如各种学术和慈善团体的负责人，是理所当然的最佳推荐人人选。 你也应当尽量避免请同一类型的人士给你写推荐信，比如说三位大学教授或说三位公司里的领导。你需要录取评审委员会对你有一个完整而全面的了解，不能只局限于在校的学习成绩或是工作上的表现。所以，假设你需要 3封推荐信，最好的办法是请一位大学的教授、一位公司的经理再加上一位你曾经参与工作的"北京市民援助张家口地震灾民行动委员会"的负责人。这样三位人士曾经亲眼目睹你的表现，而且具备观察你的独特的角度。这样在录取评审委员会面前，你的形象就丰满了。 除了推荐者的选择，推荐信的内容也有格外需要注意的地方。一封好的推荐信不仅需要出自一位在某一方面了解你的人士之手，而且这封信对你的评价必须要有具体的例子来佐证。中国学生的许许多多的推荐信都犯着一个雷同而且是致命的错误，那就是几乎每一句话都堆满了赞美的形容词或名词，如"intelligent", "ambitious", "personable", "natural born leader"等等，但却不举一件事例来证明。这样的推荐信是苍白无力的，它不增加评审委员会对你的任何了解，甚至会让读者产生疑问：你的教授，你的顶头上司，为什么不能说出你的任何一件具体的成就! 注意事项 如果没有具体的事例，评审委员会就不能将你与其他数千个，甚至成千上万个申请者区别开来。许许多多的中国学生不知从哪里得来的错误信息，认为推荐信只应是二至三段话，全信连收件、发件人地址绝不能超过一页。如果只二三段话，而且只有赞美词，没有具体的例证，这样的推荐信只是说： "我本来不想写这封推荐信，只是应付一下了事。"只要不犯啰嗦的毛病，一封推荐信写到第二页又有何不可呢？! 当然，即使是十分了解你的推荐者也不能保证完全了解或是记得你的具体成就和能力，他们也可能不清楚在推荐信上详细介绍你的重要性。你所应该做的是与推荐者交谈一次，提醒他们你所具有的能力和已获得的成就并表明你希望他们能够提到这些事实。 据编者了解，许多为申请留学的推荐信把被推荐者的成就和水平捧得过高。其实静下心来想一想，申请留学的目的不就是为了深造和发展自己吗？如果推荐信把你捧成大师了，又何必要去留学呢？还有，推荐信与个人自述一样，没有必要刻意回避事业上的挫折和能力上的不足。关键是以什么角度来看待这些挫折和不足。一个不怕困难、百折不挠的人是最具有成功品质的人。要到英美去留学，往往是因为发现在某些方面的不足而需要去进一步深造。推荐者如果恰当地而又正面谈到申请人的不足，就会增加推荐信的真实性，而且也显示出对被推荐者深刻的了解。这样的推荐信就会更加有分量。 有大量的中国留学生是以推荐者的名义和口吻自己用英文把推荐信写好，然后请推荐者过目并签字。出现这种情况的原因是推荐者英语水平有限或者要求他、她写推荐信的人太多，实在是忙不过来，或者是两者都有。
由自己执笔替自己写推存信，看上去有些荒谬，但这也符合我们的实际情况。尽管申请者代替推荐者替自己写推荐信，上面谈到的如何选择推荐人、通过推荐信从不同的角度来展现你的能力和品格以及提供具体例证来支持对你的判断这些要点一样地适用。 错误纠正 编者发现，许多申请者在细节上相当马虎，他们去替推荐者打印给自己的几封推荐信时，不仅行文的口气、格式完全没有变化，连使用的纸张、信封、字型、字号也一模一样。国外的评审委员往往不了解中国的特殊国情，他们可能据此判断你在伪造推荐信。 下面是编者经过了解得出的许多申请者的推荐信所犯的错误，综合起来归为下列几种： 推荐者与被推荐者缺乏可信的、有说服力的关系。推荐者往往地位很高，但并不了解被推荐者。申请者应注意，推荐者的地位和知名度在跨国度时常常失去意义，因而一味追求推荐者的地位和知名度往往得不偿失。
学校评审委员除了注重申请人呈现的自己，也相当重视教授或主管的观点：评估这位申请人的特质，以及将来在学术和专业领域内发展的潜力。 推荐信必须由具公信力的人撰写才有信服力。评估申请人是否具备未来发展必要的学术或专业资格。 推荐人必须诚实、真正了解申请人的学经历，且推荐信内容一切需以「事实」为依据。 推荐信内容应当与申请人所缴交其他信息中对于自己的描述「不相抵触」，而且要「相互呼应」。 避免过度笼统和陈腔滥调。 好的推荐信应当由具备相当知名度、且与申请人熟识的人撰写。申请人职场上的长官、同事、或学校里的老师是最佳人选。相处时间够久，写的推荐信才有价值。 推荐人的学术领域或技术背景最好是与申请人申请科系相同。另外亦可委托与学校当局或学校评审委员关系密切的人撰写。 好的推荐信应当可以解答学校评审委员在审查申请书时会发现的一些问题。 推荐信的重点应该放在学校评审委员最认为最重要的消息。如果你申请的科系以专业知识或实用性为主，主管或公司同侪会是比老师更好的推荐人人选。相反的，如果你申请念 Ph.D. 或以学术为主的科系，教授对于您学术资格的评估则较具可信力。 推荐人评估申请人的基准应当在推荐信中详细写出。（例如，推荐人过去五年内任教的大学中，申请人在所有教过学生当中确切的排名；或是申请人的业绩占公司前一年总营业额的百分比。
推荐人与申请人的关系。 推荐人是在什么环境下认识申请人，以及相识多久。 申请人希望申请的哪一个学期和科系。 第二段： 推荐人对申请人资格评估。 推荐人初识申请人时，对他有何特别的印象。 举例证实推荐人对于申请人的评估结果。 第三段： 对于申请人个人特质的评估（如：沟通能力、成熟度、抱负、领导能力、团队工作能力，以及正直等），或是有哪些需要改进的地方。 结论： 推荐人对于申请人的整体评估。 评估申请人完成学业以后，未来在个人和专业上的发展。 申请人会为这个科系及团体带来什么贡献。 如何得到能提高录取机会的推荐信： 花一些功夫阅读和研究，你想申请的每所学校对于推荐信的要求。 要先能充分了解自己及欲申请的科系。 拟出工作项目及时间表。 找出 3 到 5 为可能的推荐人。与你熟识、容易连络，而且肯定你资历的人是较佳人选。你必须事先和每一位推荐人沟通自己希望出国留学的理由、人生计划，以及对推荐信内容的要求和期望。 最后再根据各人的时间安排、配合意愿，以及对你个人资历的肯定度来决定由谁写推荐信。 提供每位推荐人一份履历表、自传、成绩单、专业证照及相关个人信息，并且详细列出撰写 推荐信撰写的注意事项，如申请书缴交期限、特别注意事项、以及学校提出的问题。 与各推荐人保持联系，提供必要的信息和看法，并且确认每封推荐信皆能如期完成。 最后记得向每位推荐人致谢，感谢他们付出心力为你撰写推荐信。 Among all the students who have received my instruction in the courses of “International Marketing” and “Strategic Management” at ABC University, Mr. John Doe is one of the few who stood out and left with me a positive impression. Therefore, I am confident to recommend this young man to your prestigious MBA program. John is a bright and aggressive individual who possesses a strong motivation to learn and excel in his course work. Unlike most of his peers, who gained knowledge merely from school lecturing, John would spend a great amount of efforts and time in reading outside articles and textbooks and share his ideas with the class. In addition, as an open- minded individual who never let go any learning experience, John often came to me discussing various questions and problems he encountered in his coursework. I would like hereby to draw upon an instance that I believe fully exemplifies John's academic ability. While attending my class he presented an excellent report focusing on the research of the European Community (EC), in which he shared with us his careful observations on EC, and proposed a number of innovative suggestions for Taiwanese industries that wished to gain successful presence in that market. Having noticed his superior ability to conduct independent research studies and to support his arguments with logical quantitative analyses, I recommended John to submit his paper to the Accounting & Statistics Quarterly published by the Executive Yuan of R.O.C.. Needless to say, John has acquired very high marks in both of my courses. The very positive impression made by John has been repeatedly re- enforced by his strong performance in various extracurricular activities. John has managed to earn full confidence from me in his sound managerial potential by demonstrating an intelligence, aggressiveness, and leadership quality in both academic and extracurricular contexts. In general, I consider John a very promising applicant to your esteemed MBA program. I have the least reservation on his potential to succeed in his future educational as well as professional pursuit, and will be more than happy to discuss with you any matters pertaining to this reference letter. Sincerely yours, _______________________ Jerry Smith, Ph.D. Professor To whom it may concern: In the capacity of professor at the Department of Economics who has instructed Ms. Janet Jackson in the course of International Economics during the academic year of 1991 to 1992, I am pleased to have this opportunity to introduce her to your prestigious MBA establishment. Janet was a stand-out student in my class. She received a very high score in my course and was ranked in the top ten percent of the class. In addition to being a professor, I am also a faculty advisor of the Department of Economics Student Council. It was in this capacity that I grew to know Janet even better. Although only teaching Janet for one course, I feel that I know her personality, personal attributes and attitudes through my contact with her outside of the classroom. Unlike most of her peers, Janet has demonstrated a great deal of independent thinking as a student at ABC University. For the courses in which she had a particular interest, she was fully devoted to excelling in those courses. I would go so far as to say that she was a perfectionist in this regard. Her only weakness is that in courses that she felt were less suited to her interests, she did not study has hard as she would perhaps have been able to do. I noticed that her performance was less than satisfactory in both statistics and calculus. This surprised me because Janet has strong quantitative skills as demonstrated in my international economics course. Her performance in this class was exceptional. Janet perhaps stands out most with regard to her extracurricular activities. She was a varsity table tennis team player all four years she was a student at ABC. She represented the university in a national collegiate table tennis tournament each year. In 1990, she received a silver medal in the women's singles tournament, and in 1991, she received fourth place in a women's doubles tournament. Janet was also a member of the university's debate team. As a freshman, she received the award for best debater in the intramural freshman debate cup. As I recall, she was also an editor of her department's journal. Janet has strong analytical, research and writing skills. I am very happy to see that Janet has had such a successful career development since her graduation from ABC. I believe that Janet will succeed in whatever endeavors she applies herself to and heartily recommend her to your university. Yours truly, Jerry Smith Professor
I am pleased to have this opportunity to recommend one of my capable students at the ABC University, Mr. Hung-Doe Doe, to your university's master degree program in computer science for entering class fall 1996. Through my extensive observation of him in both academic and extracurricular fields, I have come to the conclusion that Mr. Doe possesses a number of valuable qualifications that will make him an outstanding member of his graduate class. I have had the pleasure of knowing Mr. Doe when he was under my instruction in the course of Electrical Engineering during the academic year of 1993. While attending this requirement course, Mr. Doe has left me with the impression as a bright and hard-working student who is highly motivated in his coursework. His academic integrity can be reflected by the fact that he ranked in the top 10% in the class. Unlike most of his peers, who gained knowledge merely from school lecturing, Mr. Doe has spent a great amount of effort and time on reading advanced articles and textbooks and therefore has developed a firm grasp of this subject. I am of the opinion that my class has provided Mr. Doe with a solid basic background in electronics and circuits analysis, which is valuable to his academic pursuit in computer science. An open-minded individual who never let go any learning opportunity and is always willing to share with people his own opinions and ideas, Mr. Doe, often came to me discussing various questions and problems he encountered during his studies. I was pleased to learn of his strong interest in electronic related subjects and the most up-to-date advancement in this field. His diligence and commitment to coursework has left a deep impression on me. I have, without any doubt, come to consider him to be a highly promising student. With the intelligence and persistence that Mr. Doe has displayed, he will have no difficulty in succeeding in any academic environment and continue to perform outstandingly in your graduate school. In general, I consider Mr. Doe a highly promising applicant to the master degree program in his proposed field. I have the least reservation on his potential to succeed in his future educational as well as professional pursuits. I give him my highest recommendation. Thank you very much for your time and consideration. Should you wish to discuss anything pertaining to his application, please do not hesitate to contact me. Best regards,
The Graduate School of Business The University of Chicago November 22, 1997 To whom it may concern: I am pleased to offer this letter of reference for Miss Janet Jackson. In the past three years of our professional acquaintance, Janet has performed exceptionally well as an advertising professional. I have never had any reason to doubt her outstanding performance and excellent professionalism. She has done a wonderful job in the management of our advertising account with her company , XXX Advertising. I am sure that the size of our account is one of the largest within her agency, and that her appointment to our particular account was a significant professional achievement. First as an account executive and then account manager, Janet has exhibited exceptional interpersonal skills that are required in the often complicated issues that arise in the production of an advertising campaign. An excellent organizer, Janet has always relayed the concerns and requirements of the many departments involved in an advertising campaign. Coordination skills are a must in this industry, and she has performed exceedingly well in this area. The ability to communicate and arrange the many tasks in this industry, she has always performed with maturity. I have witnessed her professional growth, from a young hard working junior member to one that is mature and confident in all her business dealings. I have never doubted her ability, in some instances, I have been rather impressed by her performance. I believe that creativity is a must for all professionals who wish to succeed in the advertising industry. Janet has demonstrated this ability through the thoughtful and creative production of many innovative marketing campaigns. In one particular instance, she provided exceptional leadership in the development of one of XXXs advertising campaigns for Kellogg. This marketing campaign involved the creation of a recipe book to accompany one of our leading consumer products, YYY. I believe that this campaign very successfully promoted our product in the local Taiwan market. I have been very happily associated with Janet professionally for the past three years. She has handled all the difficult challenges of the advertising industry with relative ease, and is an extremely pleasant person to deal with. I am confident that she will succeed in her future career in the advertising industry and also confident that her further academic pursuits will be met with similar success. Janet brings along a large amount of enthusiasm to every project. I believe that her colleagues have recognized the amount of hard work that she has contributed, and I am certain that many of her professional acquaintances have been equally impressed with her. I will miss her in the capacity of our account representative, yet I would like to wish her all the confidence in her pursuit in your excellent MBA program.
I was told by Second Lieutenant John Doe of his decision to apply to your esteemed University's doctoral degree program in international relations, which is his first choice for graduate education, and am therefore writing this letter to support his application. Having been Second Lieutenant Doe's supervisor at the Army Medical Service School of Republic of China during the past one and half years, I believe that I am justified to provide accurate assessment on his sound educational potential. Several evidences I have learned from Second Lieutenant Doe convinced me that he will be able to perform outstandingly in his educational and professional pursuits: Firstly, Second Lieutenant Doe is very bright. He presently holds a bachelor's and master's degree in international relation from ABC University, and finished school in the first place from both programs. Secondly, although being a young officer, Second Lieutenant Doe has been able to perform independently and effectively, learning quickly on the job and fulfilling his military assignments. I consider the maturity and performance he displays is equivalent to colleagues of three to four years of seniority to him. I have been impressed by Lieutenant Doe's ability to come up with innovative ideas to teach classes. As Second Lieutenant and Instructor he never sticks to old rules and is always seeking new methods to pursue further effectiveness and efficiency. The very positive performance made by Second Lieutenant Doe has been constantly repeated throughout his military service. I believe it was his strong ambition to succeed and his willingness to take charge of challenging situations that made him stand out. With his sound creativity, teamwork spirit, communication and interpersonal skills, Second Lieutenant Doe has no difficulty to earn confidence from both his superiors and colleagues in his ability to handle assignments. Based on the recognition of his contribution, Second Lieutenant Doe has been nominated and selected to receive the prestigious "Outstanding Reserved Military Instructor Award of the Year" given by the Chinese Army Headquarters. Among more than seventy reserved officers in our school, only five of them were selected to receive this award. I believe this adds another solid evidence of Second Lieutenant Doe's capability to attain appreciation and recognition in an organization. I am confident to say, without any reservation, that Second Lieutenant Doe is one of the most commendable young reserved officers I have ever had in many years. Second Lieutenant Doe's potential is excellent, making him one of the most promising individual I have ever seen. I have the least doubt that he will become very successful in his future educational and professional pursuits. In conclusion, I hope this letter can convince your esteemed Admissions Committee of Second Lieutenant Doe's exemplary potential. I can assure your esteemed Admissions Committee that Second Lieutenant Doe's attendance will be a mutually beneficial one to both him and your School. I give his my high recommendation and wish his the best in his future endeavors. Sincerely yours, 从法律上来说，推荐信(或称“工作证明信”)都是证据性的法律文件，是用来证明您的职业，以及与您的职业相关的工作经验的长短问题的。 一、推荐信的内容： 推荐信应包括哪些内容？这取决于推荐信的用途。我们在这里只从加拿大技术移民的需要这个角度，来讨论雇主推荐信应包括哪些内容。一封合格的雇主推荐信应该包含以下三部分的内容(缺一不可)： (1)申请人的职业。 申请人的职业，必须在推荐信的第一段，明确说明。 申请人的职业的定义，是一个非常重要的问题。您的推荐信上所列的职业定义，应该是与您的申请表(IMM8)上第一页、第13格中所填写的职业定义，是完全一致的。事实上，您在填写移民申请表的时候，如何确定您的职业，应该是依据您的推荐信的内容。 中国人在写推荐信的时候，还有一个常犯的错误，那就是将职业(Occupation)和职务(Position)混淆使用。 (2)申请人在本单位所完成的具体项目或所参与的具体工作的内容。 您所参加的具体的项目或所参与的具体工作内容，必须一一具体列明。 (3)申请人在完成这些项目时，所使用的专业技能。 如果一封推荐信仅列明前面两项内容，即：申请人的职业的名称，以及申请人所参与的项目或工作内容，但没有说明他在工作中采用什么专业技能来实施该项目，或是完成该项工作，则您可能还是没有办法证明您的职业。 二、推荐信的格式： (1)避免对申请人的工作态度的推荐。 例如，“某某人工作负责，专业技术精湛，与同事关系配合默契，深得领导和同事的好评”、等等。都是没有意义的花边文字。应一律避免。应该将文字篇幅放在实质性的内容的描述上。 (2)每一个项目或每一份工作的时间排序。 (3)如果申请人有多份工作，每一份工作都要有推荐信。 (4)推荐信的文字。 推荐信到底是应该用中文来写，还是用英文来写，这是由您的工作单位的性质和写推荐信的人的教育程度来决定的。而不是您可以任意决定的。 (5)推荐信应该是签字，还是盖章？ 众所周知，中国人是习惯看单位盖章的。而西方人是习惯看签字的。 目前，本人的经验是，应该由单位负责人签字，再加盖上单位的公章。公章可以是单位的名称章，也可以是单位的人事章。取决于签字的负责人的职务。但是，绝对不可以用无关的业务章，例如，财务章。 (6)签字人的资格。 推荐信的签字人可以是单位的主要负责人，也可以是部门的负责人(但是，必须是您的顶头上司。不能是您的同级的其他部门的负责人。更不能是您的下级)。负责人不一定是要正职的。也可以是副职。另外，人事部门的负责人也是可以的。只要他能对您的工作作出客观的、准确的描述。签字人应该留下联络的直线电话号码。签证官可能随时会打电话给推荐人，核实推荐信的内容(以防作假)。 (7)推荐信所用纸张和书写格式。 推荐信必须用单位的信笺纸。不能用没头没脑的白纸。否则，看上去不像是真的。在目前的技术条件下，最好是用打字的办法。不要手写。 (8)推荐信的签署日期。 推荐信必须要有签署日期。没有签署日期的推荐信，看上去很马虎。令人联想到推荐信本身的内容的准确性可能是有问题的。 (9)签署推荐信的人的名片 这是必须要附的一份文件，不论在北京，香港还是Buffalo 三、能否不提供推荐信或是工作证明 对有些申请人来说，有时候，提供推荐信是一件极为困难的事。例如，您不愿意让现在的雇主知道您正在办理加拿大移民；或是原工作单位已经撤销；或是与前工作单位的领导关系不好。 四、不要作假 千万不要在推荐信上做手脚。应该照实撰写。因为，作假是经不起查的。加拿大移民部近年来一直采取积极的措施，核查中国大陆的申请人的作假的情况。如果被查出有作假，那您的全部的已经作出的努力，包括雅思考试，就全部浪费了。 同时，如果一种职业不适合您的背景，可以同专业移民律师讨论，考虑用其他相近的职业定义。但不应该就去考虑作假。 自荐信要脱颖而出 一份好的自荐信应该包括以下八个方面的必要内容： 教育背景。你的大学专业是什么，你为何选择这个专业，多年来的专业学习学到了什么，与你选择工商管理研究有什么关系。 工作经历。你曾经担任过什么样的职务，这几年来的工作中有什么业绩、学到了什么，与你攻读MBA有什么关系。 社会活动组织能力。在大学期间曾经参与或组织过什么活动，曾担任什么样的工作，从中又学到了什么。 最满意的一次经历。最满意的一项工作或学习经历是什么，是怎样做好它的。 最突出的才能。你认为自己最突出的方面是什么，如领导能力、组织能力、交流沟通能力或是协调能力。 学习计划和目的。你在攻读MBA期间的学习计划是什么，攻读MBA与你的职业追求、职业目标又有什么关联。 奖励。你曾经受过何种奖励，你是否担任过助教，你是否有优秀的论文曾经得到发表或受到奖励。 特长爱好。你其他需要向商学院说明或解释的，如你的特长和爱好，或者你在某一方面，如学习成绩不够理想，需要向商学院解释的。 同时，如果你不想让你的自荐信埋没在数百名甚至数千名申请者的资料堆中的话，还要特别注意以下四点提示： 不要忽视东西方文化的差异。中国人一向视“谦虚”为美德，即使取得了不错的成绩也要学会有所保留，而西方人不仅追求“优越”而且还要善于表达出来，所以申请者在写自荐信时一定要把自己的长处毫不隐瞒地描述出来，使人一眼就能知道你优秀的方面。 要富有个性。虽然很多申请留学MBA的人都有大致相同的经历，但实际上他们还是有很多区别的，如生活背景、学习和工作成绩、所掌握的技巧等，申请者应力求在自荐信中突出自己在某方面与众不同的成绩、能力和优点。避免给人以“千篇一律”、“平平庸庸”的感觉。 要真实。美国人对一个人的诚实品质看得很重。例如在签证时，你什么“失误”都可以，惟一不能做的就是对签证官撒谎，如果你是因为撒谎而被拒签的话，那么再签成功率将会很低。因为撒谎是人格问题。也正因为如此，美国人觉得个人签字比盖章更有效。为了保证申请者材料的真实性，商学院甚至要求申请者的每一份简历都有签字。所以申请者在准备自己的个人材料时一定要注意材料的真实性。 不要太短或太长。自荐信长短一般以1～2页为佳，太短了，无法表达清楚，而长篇大论，校方又厌于阅读。 很多学生认为推荐信无所谓，所以随便抄抄完事，有的甚至还有语法错误，殊不知如此做法，不但损害了推荐人的名声，同时也对自己的申请造成不可挽回的损失。还有很多人，包括一些留学咨询者，宣称美国教授一般不看中国学生的推荐信。这绝对是一种偏见。毫无疑问，对于泛泛而论，赞扬过度，内容重复的推荐信，教授可能会看两行就扔在一边，但对于那些真实、具体、中肯有力的推荐信，教授肯定会认真考虑的。在美国这个极重视个人信用的国度，可以说，推荐人以自己的信用向美国教授所作的推荐，是整个申请中的一个很大的变数。还有很多学生认为推荐信应该只有两三段长，绝对不能超过一页，殊不知，加上收件人推荐人地址，联系方式和职位后，一页纸还有多少空间？还能说明什么呢？如果不是推荐人和对方教授十分熟悉或有多年交道，这样的推荐信是起不到什么作用的，如果有作用，那也只能说明推荐人根本不愿意给你写推荐信。 找什么人写推荐信最好呢？对于研究类课程的申请，尤其是PhD的申请，三封推荐信中应该至少有两封学术推荐，即要有两个教授或老师推荐你，推荐内容主要在你的学术能力和研究能力。但要注意，现在即使是研究性的课程，录取委员会也比较注重学生组成的多样性，所以在推荐时，不能仅限于课堂和科研，要顾及自己的课外活动和社会活动。对于诸如法学院、商学院的申请，则要注重工作推荐信，你老板的推荐信，实习单位领导的推荐则更为重要。 选择推荐人时要遵循熟悉、专业两大原则 1、推荐人要熟悉你的学习和工作，熟悉你的动机和学习计划，要有比较密切的交流。推荐表中的“How long have you known the referee﹖In what capacity﹖”就是问的推荐人和被推荐人之间的熟悉程度。在此基础上，如果推荐人是外国教授，而该教授和你申请的学校又很熟悉，这种推荐往往会起到意想不到的效果；如果推荐人和你申请的学校教授又比较熟悉，处理好了，推荐信则会有化腐朽为神奇的力量；如果推荐人虽然不熟悉对方的教授，但是该专业内很有名的专家(诸如拥有院士之类的头衔的)，经常参加国际交流，其推荐作用也不可忽视。不过，名人架子一般也很大，找申请人时，要先掂量掂量自己的分量。对于大部分来说，我认为找推荐人还是以找熟人为主，一是好说话，会很配合你的申请；二是在国外教授看来，很自然很合理。 2、推荐人的身份要合理，最好是相关专业的。如果你是一个大四学生，则可选系主任，专业任课老师，和课外活动、社会活动见证人作为推荐人。如果你已经毕业一两年了，则可选你的直接上司，大学毕业论文指导老师或任课老师，系主任作为你的推荐人。完全没有必要千里迢迢，费尽周折找一个和你的专业不熟悉，和你不熟悉的院士或大公司总裁之类的人作为你的推荐人。 怎么写推荐信？首先，如果你的推荐人愿意亲自给你写推荐信的话，那么恭喜你，你可以省却很多麻烦和花销(如果你想请专业咨询公司帮你做的话)。不过，国内愿意亲自给别人写推荐信的人很少，一般是些德高望重的老教授或者从国外留学归来的年轻老师。但是其中很多人也有固定模板作为备用，有可能给所有人写的推荐信都一样。要避免这种情况，就要求你下一番功夫攻关了。一般情况下要注意以下几点： 1、要早点联系推荐人。如果你早就决定出国学习，而且专业方向定下的话，在你帮助一位教授完成一个项目而你的表现也不错的时候，及时地请教授写一封推荐信当然是最好了。或者是你申请教育学，而又刚刚在一所中学做了两个月的实习教师，为什么不马上请该校的校长或教导主任给你写一封推荐信呢？这样至少能保证到申请时推荐人不会忘了你做过什么。如果你已经着手申请，至少要提前一两个月和教授打招呼，给教授留充足的时间为你写推荐信，无论对于你赶申请期限，还是减轻推荐人压力都是很有利的。 2、主动给推荐人提供自己的详细信息。争取在推荐人着手写推荐信之前和推荐人详谈一次，哪怕只有10分钟，主要谈谈自己的学业成绩和自己的目标，申请专业和方向。同时最好提供一份自己的详细简历，当然，如果你的自述信已经成稿或有草稿的话，可以一并提供。这样便既可以使推荐人在推荐你时有的放矢，针对你申请的课程推荐，又可以避免推荐信过于泛泛而无实例的弊端。 3、推荐表VS推荐信。很多学校都有固定格式的推荐表，虽然是为了方便推荐人，但实际上却给中国的大部分推荐人带来很多麻烦。如果你一下子申请20所学校，光填表也够教授累的。对于一些特别声明用推荐表的学校，你尽量用推荐表，另外附上推荐信即可。而对于大部分学校，你都可以把自己要填的一部分，即申请方向或／和放弃阅读的权利声明，签上字即可。而只要推荐信中包含推荐表中的内容，就可以直接附上签过字的推荐信即可。 由于种种原因，大部分的中国申请者都是自己以推荐人的口气用英文把推荐信写好，然后再请推荐人签字。在国外也会有这种情况，尤其是在推荐人很忙的时候。这种情况下，最好先用汉语打个草稿让推荐人过目，如果推荐人同意再精雕细琢成英语推荐信。对于中国学生来说，自己写推荐信可能比自述信还难。一是要用三种不同的口吻推荐自己，可能很不自然，不知道怎么说，有的可能还很不好意思；二是，写完自述信，很多人已经江郎才尽了，实在写不成什么新意了。要解决这些难题，为自己写出出色的推荐信，你可以和同学合作，互相修改和润色，也可以找专门的咨询机构帮你润色。无论如何，一定要注意以下几个原则： 1、客观评价自己的成就，避免赞美过度。推荐信应该表明推荐人对于申请者的动机有一定了解，并能解释申请者进一步深造的需要。很多推荐信把申请者吹成了一个甚至比教授还牛的专家，就失去了推荐信的意义，既然已经是大师级人物了，还去留学深造干嘛； 2、插入具体实例，避免堆砌泛泛的赞美之词。推荐信中对于申请者的重要素质和能力要有实例的支持。作为你的教授，总是可以论述你在帮他做的项目中的责任和表现，而作为你的老板，怎么会不能说出你的某一项具体成就呢？就像写自述信时一样，拿出一张纸，一边写出自己的品质，优点，在另一边注明至少一个实例。切记：推荐不是吹捧，所以推荐信的“装扮”要适度，不能太花哨，太渲染。要尽量用平实可信的语言，增加细节性的例证说明。 3、转换语言风格和思维角度，增加推荐可信度。自己给自己写推荐信不仅仅是摆事实的问题，还有一个口吻，行文问题。首先是内容上，除了补充自己自述中所没有的方面外，对于一些重要的成就和优点进行论述时，要从推荐人的角度考虑，切勿简单重复自述信或简历中的内容；其次是语言风格上，用词上要注意变换，不要出现你自述信中常用的习语等，最后在推荐信用的纸张、信封、字体、字号、段落等方面尽量避免雷同。 4、绝对避免语法、拼写或明显的用词错误。 下面是一篇较好的推荐信，请大家体会一下这些原则的运用。 In capacity as Professor of Mathematics at Fudan UniversityI＇m writing to recommend Mr. WangGesintosyour PhD program in Computer Science. I have known Mr. Wang since his sophomore year of collegeand have acted as his thesis advisor and mentor. In my experiencehe is a gifted and diligent studentand an admirably hard worker. Wang is an impressive student because he has been forced to overcome the significant challenge of a serious illness during his freshman year. When I first met Wang in my Discrete Math classhe did not appear to be anything special to me. While his exam scores were goodthey were not as high as I would now expect of him. What I didn＇t know then was that due to his illnessWang was attempting to take all of the difficult early mathematics courses at one timeincluding Discrete MathematicsAdvanced MathematicsLinear Algebraand Possibilities. While most students found preparing for just one set of these exams difficultWang was overwhelmed by four of them. But in the endhe achieved an impressive score on the final examwhich made me conscious of his unusual determination he demonstrates when confronting difficult challenges. Mr. Wang and I have often talked about a variety of mathematics and computer science concepts and problems. During these discussionsI always found him to be delightfully intelligent. Not only does he quickly understand the concepts and problems presented to himhe is able to analyze these problems and present solutions. But perhaps most important is that Wang＇s thinking is intensely rigorous. When looking at any questionhe carefully scrutinizes it and if he finds any uncertain issueshe clears them up immediately. I believe this kind of thought is essential to become an excellent computer programmer. Serving as his thesis advisorI had a first-hand opportunity to observe the way in which Wang＇s mind works. In his senor thesisMr. Wang mainly discussed two challenging questions in regards to″ANN″. In our books in Chinaknowledge of ANN and its uses are very rare. Few people in China have studied this topic and consequentlythe materials that are available on ANN are limited. Working on this difficult projectnot only did Mr. Wang rise to the challengebut he went above and beyond the call of duty to analyze his secondary sources and test them for accuracy in practice. In this wayhe found mistakes in the book that we use. His diligence and hard work made me extremely proud of him. Mr. Wang is an intelligentmotivatedand industrious individual.
Teaching and advising him has been a delightful pleasure. I know
that if given the chance to study abroad in Americahe will arm
himself to become a great programmer he dreams of being. He has
the intelligence and background to achieve these goals - now all
he needs is the opportunity. I ask that you look upon his application
favorably and grant him a chance to study in your university. 2 申请人的表现，学习能力，论文，成绩，全班人数和该申请人排名 3 申请人的工作能力和领导能力，团队合作能力等 4 申请人的英语 5 申请人是否适合该课程和在该校学习 推荐信应该包含的内容 1.为了便于校方查阅，必须提到被推荐者的全名。推荐者的身份不重要，当然你要是请院士来写也不错，但最关键是要说服招生委员会相信推荐人是真正了解被推荐人的。 2.必须交待与被推荐者的认识期间（何时开始认识或认识多久），认识程度（偶尔见面或密切接触）及关系（师生关系，上下级关系，同事等）。 3.对被推荐者的优点介绍及评价，这是推荐信的核心。主要包括被推荐者的天赋，学习成绩，研究能力，工作经验，学习精神，组织能力，品行及个性方面。注意说辞应与其他申请材料如成绩单、获奖证书等相呼应，不要出现矛盾而使人误会。人无完人，所以同时也应提及其缺点，以做到公正客观。最好通过实例说明。教授们要的不是完人，而只是学生，一个普通但足够优秀的学生。 4.必须表明推荐人的态度，是极力推荐还是有保留地推荐。 5.最好要求推荐人在信封封口处签名，以确保其真实性。最好在“是否保留日后审阅推荐信的权利”一栏填“NO”。 6.最后别图省事，除非对方明文要求与申请一起寄。否则推荐信应分开寄出。 一些学校出于各种原因，设计了推荐表格，由推荐人填写，但其主要内容也和推荐信涉及的相同。 通常，你可以从以下几类人群中选几位做你的推荐人：公司里的直接领导，了解你情况的同事，以前大学的老师，以前大学的校领导，以前大学的论文指导老师。那么，你究竟选择谁做你的推荐人呢？录取评审委员会最看重那些与被推荐者有着或曾有过密切的工作关系的人，或其他熟悉你的科研能力、学术水平、组织能力和领导才能的人士。本文建议请在大学比较了解你的教授写推荐信的方式。 选择一位熟悉你并且欣赏你，本身在学术界颇有成就的教授，将你的材料和留学计划都告诉他。写作时，尽量表现出推荐人本身的资历以及被推荐人的优点，例如“我已从教20年，过去五年来，我指导过大约450名学生的独立研究项目，而你是他印象比较深刻的学生之一”；“他是我所教过的学生中最努力的，最终成功掌握理论知识的学生,班上只有10%的学生得了A，他是其中之一。”等等。 有时，你找到一位德高望重，很有份量的老师，但他并不一定熟悉你，这时，你把你的所有资料给这位不熟悉的老师，同时告诉他你的留学计划，一般教授都会同意给学生写推荐函。还有一种不太正规但有效的方法是，你直接写好了让他看，如果他没有太大意见，直接签字就可以了。 教授推荐函中要注明教授的电话号码，所在系及学校地址，并用学校正规信签纸(有学校名称信头的信纸)打印出来。信上需打印出教授姓名的汉语拼音，并请教授签名。 注意事项1、在请教授写推荐函之前，应先礼貌地打电话问候，第一次不宜直接就要推荐函，特别是不太熟悉的。 2、在推荐函内容上发挥自己的主观能动性，尽量让对方清楚什么样的内容对你有帮助。尽可能找有把握的教授、喜欢你的教授或记得你的教授，当然最好是有国际声誉又对你颇有好感的教授。 MBA申请理想的推荐人应该能够真切地反映申请人的管理潜力，智力水准，及个人性格。推荐人的管理潜力可以由现在或过去的老板 （包括直接上级与间接上级）来反映，智力水准可以由现在或过去的教授（包括上过课，帮他/她做过研究项目的）来反映，个人性格可以由那些与你有密切接触的相关人士来反映：如：上司，老师，同事，合作伙伴。所以，如果MBA 学校要求2-3封推荐信，申请人可以组合使用不同的相关人士。 有些申请人也许不会有理想的推荐人群; 例：你在工作中出头露面的机会不多，或申请是偷偷摸摸的不想让现在的老板知道，或担心现在或过去的老板会在推荐信中散布对自己不好的信息，或是离开最后一个职位已太长，或你和现在或过去的教授没有太多接触。那么你的应对策略应该是什么？ 以下是几个考虑的要点： 1、选了解你的人：也许你公司的总经理是很有名的人物，但如果他/她对你不熟，你还不如请你的直接上级来写—即便他/她没有显赫的头衔。了解你的推荐人应该能举出一些可信的而生动的例子来说明申请人的管理潜力，智力水准，或个人性格。 2、选真正喜欢你的人：一个真正喜欢你的推荐人会花足够的时间写一封认真的推荐信；而一个不是真正喜欢你的推荐人也许会敷衍了事地写一封不痛不痒的推荐信。另一个选真正喜欢你的人做推荐人的原因是他们会举对你有利的例子，把一件事往好里写，或强调一件事的正面意义，但一个不是真正喜欢你的推荐人也许会把脑袋里首先想到的与你相关的（也许不是对你最有利的）写进去。 3、选能支持你申请定位的人：比如你在申请中把自己描述成一个营销专家，那么你应该找公司的营销总监在推荐信中提供具体例子而不是请财务总监写。 4、选个性正面乐观的人：有些人天生倾向于是悲观主义者，应避免让这类人写。 5、选办事细致可靠的人：你的推荐人应该遵造学校给出的框架回答有关你的各个问题，在截止日期前把写好的推荐信寄到学校。一封迟到的推荐信即使再好也没有意义。 6、选与你共事时间近的人：一封由你十年前老板的推荐信即使再好也没有现在（或两年前）的老板写的有说服力。 与推荐人接触的注意事项 1、第一次请求推荐人写推荐信时最好与推荐人定一个30分钟左右的会面。解释你的职业追求，MBA学位会如何对你的职业追求有帮助，你需要的申请材料是什么，以及学校对推荐信有何要求。 2、给推荐人在最后一刻一个婉拒请求的机会。如果推荐人突然觉得不能给你写一封很好的推荐信，他/她可以借此机会脱身。 3、当确认推荐人会为你写一封很好的推荐信后，可以考虑你自己先草拟一封，然后让推荐人根据个人意愿修改。这样一来可以让申请人节约时间。 4、如果推荐人坚持自己写，你应该提供很多关于自己的资料（例：主要成就，简历，个人声明，申请定位，等） ，这样一来推荐人在组织其推荐信时可以参考使用。 5、在截止日期两星期前提醒推荐人完成。提供回邮信封。 总之，选择一个合适的推荐人是申请过程中非常重要的一环。是否让自己的老板写推荐信应该具体分析。如果能从现任老板处拿到一封好的推荐信最理想。否则的话，应扩大推荐人的搜索范围，只要是能提供正面及可信的关于你的信息的人都可以作为你的推荐人。 其实最早的推荐制度来自于中国，汉朝的举"孝廉"即是当时青年通往仕途的重要渠道。 同样，欧美大学考察一个学生的情况是以综合能力来衡量的。除了个人陈述-这一申请人站在本人的角度介绍自己文件外，通过推荐信从认识申请人的第三者立场了解申请人的特点是录取过程中非常重要的一个环节。 以谁的名义来写推荐信？ 这是在动笔写推荐信之前首先要考虑的问题。是请名人或地位很高的人（如学部委员、大公司总经理、名校校长等），还是身边了解自己的人（班主任、任课老师，甚至是同学同事？） 许多申请人错误的认为请名头越大的人写越好，这是一个误区。 这个问题只能是根据每个人的具体背景来回答，并没有普遍适用的答案，但不管是请什么级别的人来写，一定要体现该推荐人和申请者是如何相识的，是什么关系，并确实了解申请者的情况，这样才合乎情理和逻辑，这样作才符合西方人的思维方式。例如一个本科生，在学术上很一般，请学部委员来写你的学术能力就很牵强，同样GE公司的中国区总经理为一个普通职员写推荐信，也很难让人信服。但反之，如申请者确实学术背景很好，和学部委员有过交流和探讨；或GE公司的部门经理， 由于申请人需要将自己的全方位信息展现出来 ，因此你也应当尽量避免请同一类型的人士给你写推荐信。你需要录取评审委员会对你有一个完整而全面的了解，不能只局限于在校的学习成绩或是工作上的表现。 因 此根据你的自己的实际情况找到合适的推荐人组合是非常重要的。 推荐信的长度： 推荐信切忌写得过长，一般来说500英文字以内比较适合，既能排在一张A4信纸，并上下留出写抬头和签名的充足空间。 推荐信的写作要领： 确定了推荐人后，在提笔写作之前需要仔细斟酌推荐点。许多申请人受到一些"范文"的影响，感觉推荐信的模式性很强，大同小异，因此就从网上下栽一些模板，修改一下就OK了。 这样做的结果是招生人员面对成千上万中国学生的推荐信，发现都是一样的：学习刻苦，善于钻研，乐于助人，是所教过的最好的学生，不但重视书本知识的学习还积极，可以想象，这样的推荐信等于没写一样。因此推荐点应切实着眼于申请者自身独有的一些闪光点，力争做到表现出申请人独到的优势。同时推荐点切忌过多，伤其十指不如断其一指，一封推荐信中有一个主要的闪光点并言之有物即可，这样会给招生人员留下较为深刻的印象。 推荐信的内容写得具体一些还是较为笼统，这也是许多申请人经常难以把握的问题。 一般来说，越是级别高的推荐人写的推荐信越不能太具体，因为在欧美的观念中，有很高社会地位的人往往是非常繁忙和社会交往非常丰富的，这样的人能为申请者写推荐信已经很说明问题了，如果写得过于具体，连申请者的一些细节的活动都留下了深刻的印象，这样的推荐信显得太不正常，并不可信。 反之，较为接近申请人的推荐人写的推荐信就可以写得具体一些。 一封好的推荐信不仅需要出自一位在某一方面了解你的人士之手，而且这封信对你的评价必须要有具体的例子来佐证。许许多多的推荐信都犯着一个雷同而且是致使的错误，那就是几乎每一句话都堆满了赞美的形容词或名词，但却不举一件事例来证明。这样的推荐信是苍白无力的，它不增加录取委员会对你的任何了解，甚至会让读者产生疑问：你的教授，你的顶头上司，为什么不能说出你任何一件具体的成就！ 同时为了增加推荐信的真实性，可以写少量并不重要但很中肯的小缺点，这不失为一种聪明的策略。推荐信的语言风格应该清晰流畅，言简意赅，并且每封推荐信的的语言风格应该有所区别。由于推荐信的整体安排和策划需要大量的经验和专业的知识，申请者也可登陆如www.winnerps.com 这样的专业网站寻求帮助。 推荐信的打印和邮寄 最好用推荐信印有推荐人单位（学校、公司）名称的信封和信纸，并用激光打印机打印。信封的封口需要推荐人签名。 推荐信可以和申请表一起寄出，但要记得要在信封正面写上推荐人和对方学校的联系地址，以便核查。 推荐信一般应包括下列内容： 1.被推荐人的基本情况介绍。侧重于个人的毕业时间、学校、所获学位以及个人的专业经历。 2.推荐人对被推荐人的基本评价。侧重于被推荐人的专业基础、个性、特点、工作态度和在学术上的前途估计。若是推荐研究生，推荐人还需进一步说明其深造学习的基础和当前所具备的研究能力。显然，恰如其分地评价被推荐人的基础、能力和前途，比言过其实的赞誉更令人情服，更具有实际意义。 3.推荐人可以着重介绍被推荐人曾经获得的奖励，发表过的论文，参加过的重要学术会议，以及曾在学生组织或学术团体中的任职等来支持自己的评价。 4.推荐人还必须清楚地表明被推荐人留学的身份是研究生还是访问学者，专业领域和研究方向是什么。 如果大学提供了现成的推荐表格，则必须按这类表格认真逐项填写。推荐表格中一般有学生综合评估的一项，即要求推荐人说明该生在所教的学生中应列为前5％，10％，或25％等。这种评估是指教授的个人评价，可以稍高一点。另外，推荐表格上常有许多难以填写的项目，遇到该情形可填"I don't know"，亦不致对该生的评价有何严重影响。 如何写推荐信 推荐信是留学申请过程中，最难由自己掌握的部分，也由于他是众多申请材料中少数能从第三者的可观角度评关申请者的文件，因此有重要的地位。我们可以从三个方向着手： 1.就学校方面 首先，必须先了解申请专业的特点（推荐信内容可以强调此特点）；整理各校对推荐信内容的要求，即可得到关于评估的基本要求（例如，学术研究能力、创造力等），以及特殊要求（例如，对研究领域的适应度等）。试想：你认为录取委员会希望由推荐信获取那些关于你的信息。 分析自己的优缺点，在校成绩以及工作表现，有无特殊经历可以展现自己在此研究领域的潜力，或拥有那些特殊的能力,依此作为选择老师写推荐信及提供了解你的基础。并以明确具体的证据来支持证明自己的特殊能力和个人特点（例如，试验成果、研究计划、学术出版物、课外活动等）。 3.就推荐者方面 推荐信是了解申请人的重要依据，在研究生课程中尤其如此。申请人可以选择现在或以前的老师、教授或雇主。推荐人必须熟悉学生的学习情况，了解学生的学习目的是否明确，在学术上是否有前途，以及学生的适应能力、创造能力、品行和特长。书写推荐信的最理想的人选是一封由系主任写，一封由专业课教授写，一封由自己的导师写。不过，对方若无规定，则除了自己的亲属之外，任何人皆可为推荐人。推荐人一般应具备高级技术职称，如教授、副教授、研究员、副研究员等。如果推荐人在国内外学术界享有盛誉，或者被申请就读学校聘为客座教授，或者曾经在该校讲过学，那么这样的推荐人写的推荐信就具有很强的效力了。 注意事项 一般而言，推荐信需要三封，最好三封各有其强调的重点，以完全申请人的特点与才华，推荐信的基本组成除信头、发信日期、收信人性命、地址、称呼、签名、推荐人性命、职务等外，信件内容还应包括以下各项： 1.被推荐者全名：不可全文都只写Mr. Huang和Miss He,需要明确写出被推荐者的全明至少一次。 2.认识期间：何时认识？或认识多久？ 3.认识程度：偶尔见面或者密切接触，例如任课老师或者班主任等。 4.与申请人之间的关系：老师或者部门主管等。 5.学业成绩：讨论申请人擅长与不擅长的学习领域。 6.个人成就：在学校、工作或家庭中的特殊表现。如曾经获得某种奖学金、工作中表现优秀等。 7.特殊才能：语言、艺术、体育等方面的特殊能力。 良好的文件质量、清晰的文件组织、逻辑鲜明的文件结构对申请人案件的审理将起到非常重要的作用。在这种状况下，申请文件中的简历和推荐信就有着不可替代的作用。简历，顾名思义就是申请人简单的经历，能够使别人非常清晰的了解申请人的过去。是否越简单明了越好呢？答案肯定是否定的。申请人应该在这个文件中详细的展列出自己工作中具体项目细节、自己在工作中所担负的职责、主观能动性及创造力。 要体现出在工作中学习或汲取了什麽，积累成熟了什麽，维护与创造了什麽。要让移民官清晰的认识到，申请人是一个专业经验丰富、具有良好的发现处理并解决问题的能力、良好的交流能力以及有着不断进取的积极思想的专业人才。更要让移民官清晰的认识到，如此一个条件优秀的专业人才，在加拿大不会有一般的生存问题，相反的还将为加拿大带来不小的贡献。而推荐信同样是重要的一环。它可以从第三者的角度去客观的评价申请人的专业水平、待人处事的能力、主观能动性、适应能力等等。因为在工作中有着上级与同事的关系，从这个角度去证明申请人的背景条件有着相当的说服力。 结构紧凑、逻辑鲜明的简历与推荐信，会对申请人的背景有着良好的衬托作用。 写推荐信要注意实事求是，尽量避免对任何人都适用的套语，应力求反映学生的特点。介绍情况应详细具体，不要泛泛而谈，以便学校根据学生的特点判断其是否适宜选学某个专业。推荐人最好能举例说明学生的特点、能力和成就，如曾经获得的奖励、发表过的论文、参加过的学术会议、在学生组织中的任职和社会活动中的表现等。如国外大学提供了推荐表格，则应当使用这类表格，认真填写各项内容。推荐信必须有推荐人亲笔签名，信函最好用英文书写，否则，应附有翻译件。 许多中国学生都请他们的导师、系主任、任课老师来写推荐信，已经参加工作的申请者还可请单位领导、经理或总裁为自己写推荐信。无论是几封推荐信，应根据候选者对自己的了解程度，有侧重地选择推荐人，使每封信的内容在客观评价的基础上重点突出自己的某一方面。例如第一封着重介绍申请者的学术成就，如学习成绩、外语和计算机水平、获奖情况等。第二封着力赞扬申请者的工作能力，如讲求工作方法、能解决工作上的难题等。第三封重点揭示申请者的整体素质和优良品德，如逻辑分析能力、与人沟通的能力、有创新精神、做事果断、乐于助人等。写作推荐信要根据自己的情况具体安排，注意层次和条理。有名望的推荐人无疑对申请者有很大帮助。 推荐信中，必然会提及被推荐人的品性（Characters）。每个人都有其独特的个性，但下列Characters是国外大学所“欣赏”的。 ①Scholastic aptitude(学习方面的才能)
首先应注意字迹整洁，文句通顺，切忌涂抹，态度诚恳，实事求是； 其次在内容上，简要写清自己基本情况，包括姓名、年龄、性别、政治情况、来源地区及家庭地址等； 第三，详细准确地写清所学专业和专业适应范围，并恰如其分地介绍自己在校表现和能力水平，既不夸张也不卑谦，最好能附上历年来的学习成绩及组织评语； 第四，受过何种奖励和处分。如受过处分应主动说明原因，着重讲讲认识态度和改正决心，切不可隐瞒，主动讲明说明你态度诚恳，能取得用人单位谅解和信任，不会影响就业。反之，通过档案了解到后，用人单位会认为你不老实； 第五，最后表达你自己想得到应聘的迫切心情，并表明自己今后工作态度。 你也应当尽量避免请同一类型的人士给你写推荐信。你需要录取评审委员会对你有一个完整而全面的了解，不能只局限于在校的学习成绩或是工作上的表现。 除了推荐者的选择，推荐信的内容也有格外需要注意的地方。一封好的推荐信不仅需要出自一位在某一方面了解你的人士之手，而且这封信对你的评价必须要有具体的例子来佐证。许许多多的推荐信都犯着一个雷同而且是致使的错误，那就是几乎每一句话都堆满了赞美的形容词或名词，但却不举一件事例来证明。这样的推荐信是苍白无力的，它不增加评审委员会对你的任何了解，甚至会让读者产生疑问：你的教授，你的顶头上司，为什么不能说出你任何一件具体的成就！ 当然，即使是十分了解你的推荐者也不能保证完全了解或是记得你的具体成就和能力，他们也可能不清楚在推荐信上详细介绍你的重要性。你所应该做的是与推荐者交谈一次，提醒他们你所具有的能力和已获得的成就并表明你希望他们能够提到这些事实。 推荐者如果恰当地而又正面谈到申请人的不足，就会增加推荐信的真实性，而且也显示出对被推荐者深刻的了解。这样的推荐信就会更加有分量。 此外，许多申请者在细节上相当马虎，他们去替推荐者打印给自己的几封推荐信时，不仅行文的口气、格式完全没有变化，连使用的纸张、信封、字型、字号也一模一样。国外的评审委员往往不了解中国的特殊国情，他们可能据此判断你在伪造推荐信。 总之：推荐信是除自述外最重要的出国留学申请文件，起着从侧面介绍、证明的作用。由于其客观性，推荐信能起到自述所起不到的作用。 It is my pleasure to recommend Mr. Fuping Wang for his application to graduate studies in your school. Mr. Wang has been my research assistant of the National Science Council's project- "The United States and the United Nations' Financial Crisis: The Role of U.S. Congress" since September 1997. His major responsibilities include information collecting, analyzing and translating. He is an enthusiastic and progressive young man with extremely high potentiality. Mr. Wang is not only quick at learning and good at solving difficult problems, but also with a logical mind that enables him to effectively analyze difficulties. All the work handed to him was completed satisfactorily. Actually, he is so reliable that I assign him with heavy responsibilities. With his help, I have been able to spend more time in writing the research paper. I really consider myself very fortunate to have such a capable assistant. I am certain his diligence, coupled with a good competence and pleasant personality, will assure him of academic achievements in his future academic pursuits. I strongly recommend his admission without any reservation. Sincerely yours, Chung Weikuo 第二部分、对该推荐信的分析 其实，只要多用一点心思，换个观察角度，单纯、琐碎的助理工作一样可以表现出这名申请者在研究生院相关方面的能力。比方说，推荐人不妨强调他之所以雇用这个人为研究助理，是因为这个助理以前曾做过与他目前的研究领域相关的报告，表现出申请者在这个研究领域已经具备的基础知识和研究潜力。又以资料搜集工作为例，可以强调这个申请者如何善用某些方法，对资料进行系统的分析整理等。 竞学网注：虽然上面这封英文推荐信对该教授助手申请美国研究生院来说，似乎不太妥当。但它完全可以作为一封介绍工作的推荐信来学习，这也是本网站把它刊登出来的原因，希望对大家有所帮助！
Try to get a letter of recommendation from each employment-related reference whom you know will give you good marks. For example, Vice Presidents, Dept. Managers, Supervisors, Subordinates, Coworkers, Customers. 试着从你跟你工作相关，并且你认为会给你好评价的人那里得到推荐信。比如，副职领导，部门经理，主管，下属，同事，客户。 Naturally, potential employers might suspect that you targeted only favorable references to write each letter of recommendation. But employers still want to know that there are at least some people who have good things to write about you. It puts them at ease. 当然，你的准老板也会猜测你肯定找那些对你有利的人来写推荐信，但是他仍然想知道至少都是什么人会给你写推荐信。推荐信会让他们放心。 If you have little or no work experience, target favorable personal and character references to write a letter of recommendation for you. Professionals who know you well are most impressive. 如果你几乎没有或只有很有限的工作经验，那么就要找那些会称赞你的人来写推荐信，要写一些你的特长之类的。很了解你的人会是最佳人选。 I'm writing this reference letter on behalf of Betty Yang. I've been Betty's supervisor for four years in **** University. In just those four short years, I've watched her rapidly advance from an entry-level position to a Senior **** Representative. I've never hesitated to recommend him for promotion when her time came. Betty derives satisfaction from helping our customers troubleshoot problems. Many of those who've received help from Betty specifically ask for her when they again contact support, and for good reason: She's professional, courteous and quick to help. Her skills are sharp and without prompting, she keeps them honed to a razor's edge. I often see Betty in our lab before or after work hours, replicating problems. Additionally, Betty doesn't abandon her customers when the whistle blows. She sticks to it even after hours, until he resolves her customers' problems. Betty is a team player who is always willing to share the knowledge her sponge-like brain soaks up. For example, thanks to Betty's willingness to share the trouble-ticket notes she so meticulously recorded and compiled, our ****Department was able to craft "symptom-fix," step-by-step, online troubleshooting guides for our field engineers. Consequently, we've seen an increase in customer satisfaction, a reduction in ***calls, and a significant savings on the department's bottom line. I have nothing but good things to say about Betty and I'd strongly recommend her for any endeavor she chooses. Please don't hesitate to contact me if you'd like to hear more good things about Betty. Sincerely, [Signature] Tom Green XYZ Company February 1, 2000 To Whom it May Concern: I've been Holly Smith's manager for over six years. While I wish her only the best and fully understand that she must advance her career, I'm truly sorry to see her go. It has been a pleasure having her on my team. Holly is a professional technical writer of the highest caliber, who meticulously researches, formats, edits and proofs her documents. I've received many compliments from customers who rely on Holly's documentation. Management and personnel in tech support, engineering, technical training, and other departments praise her work. Holly is an innovative self-starter, who rarely needs supervision. She is punctual and typically exceeds expectations. She handles pressure well, and will voluntarily work overtime and take work home to meet a deadline. For example, we received a rush order from one of our customers for a complex product modification, including critical user documentation. Holly not only made the extremely tight deadline, but beat it; yet she still produced a stellar, technically-accurate addendum for the standard user manual. Sales, marketing, training and engineering were quite pleased with Holly's performance in this crunch. Even our CEO was impressed, and our customer was ecstatic. This is just one example among many of Holly's superior skills and admirable work ethics. Holly is an invaluable asset to any technical communications department, and I highly recommend hiring her. If you'd like to discuss her attributes in more detail, please don't hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, [Signature] John Doe XYZ Technologies, Inc. February 1, 2000 To Whom it May Concern: Scott Smith worked for me at XYZ Technologies for three years, as a senior technical instructor. I am writing this letter of recommendation to confirm that his recent layoff from XYZ was not in any way tied to his performance, and to highly recommend him as an employee with your organization. Had I been given the choice, I would not have laid Scott off. But it was not my decision to make. XYZ decided to withdraw from the PC market, balance expenses with the anticipated reduction in sales revenue, and hire a consulting firm to evaluate long-term staffing needs. As a result, XYZ drastically reduced the size of its workforce by dissolving the entire PC division, including the technical training department. Unfortunately, this major reorganization left no other position open for Scott. We regretfully had to let him go. Scott is a conscientious, highly-skilled technical instructor, worthy of at least a senior or management position. He has keen insight into the learning process, and is an expert in needs analysis, project management, course development, and classroom instruction. Scott's in-depth product knowledge, unique instructional techniques, and excellent people skills have consistently received rave reviews from his students. Should conditions at XYZ change, I wouldn't hesitate to hire him back. If you would like to speak to me about Scott's skills, talents and work habits, feel free to call (123) 555-0002 or page me by dialing (123) 555-0003. Sincerely, [Signature] Mary Doe Dear Mr.Brown, My friend-Li Ming wants to apply for a position with your firm. Now, I'd like to introduce my friend to you. Li Ping graduated from a college three years ago and since then he has worked as a lawyer. He is good at English and knows some Japanese. He works hard and is careful in everything he does. He is honest, kind and easy to get on with. He was born on May 1,1968 in Jinan, Shandong Province,China. He is married and lives at No.148 Renmin Road,Jinan city.He shows great interest in your firm. If he is accepted, he will do his best. I'm sure he will be fit for the position. If you agree with him, please write a letter to him, his telephone number is 6600537. Yours truly [Date today月日年] [Recipient's name 收信人名姓] Dear [Recipient's name] or To Whom It May Concern: [信的开头往往可以是：陈述你和被推荐人之间的关系。譬如：你是被推荐人的主管，同事，或老师。你认识被推荐人有多久了...] [陈述被推荐人在工作、学习、为人、性格等等方面的优点。突出他（她）的技术、完成的任务、对公司或社会的贡献。最好举例说明。] [如果你很舍不得被推荐人离开，你应该在这里说明。用词观点要鲜明和强力，多用：excellent, superior, instrumental, creative, innovative, efficient, dependable, articulate, meticulous, self-starter and confident...这样的词。避免使用：nice, good, fine这样的形容词。] [以推荐此人作为结束语，并说明如果对方需要了解被推荐人更多更详尽的情况可以和你联系。] Sincerely, [Sign here签名] [Your name你的名字] Indiana University Dear Sir or Madame: It is with great pleasure that I write to recommend Courtney Alexander to you. I have known Courtney for the past two years and had the distinct pleasure of having her in my United States History class during her junior year. In that time I have found her to be a bright, diligent, affable young woman. When thinking about Courtney and her abilities as a student, the one thing that keeps coming to mind is her aforementioned diligence. Courtney outworks everyone. In the beginning of the year, she had some trouble grasping general concepts from specific facts, which was reflected in her short answer and essay writing. However, as the year progressed, so did her ability to grasp even the most complex of issues. She took in each and every bit of constructive criticism given to her and worked to correct her mistakes. By the end of the first semester, her essays and written answers were vastly improved, as were her grades in the course. This trend continued through the second semester until Courtney finished up the course with an 88 average, well up from the 84 that she had ended the first semester with. Courtney's ability to work with her peers is another trait that will bode well for her as she moves on to the next level. Throughout the year, she worked collaboratively with those seated around her in reviewing notes, going over possible examination material, and working through some of the more difficult concepts. Through her contributions to this ad hoc group, Courtney helped not only herself, but also others around her who were not progressing and improving as quickly as she was. Two instances in particular show that she has learned the value of teamwork and collaboration in the academic arena. First off, it was this group of peers Courtney worked with that helped her through a difficult period following surgery on the wrist of her writing hand. This made everything difficult for her, from writing to typing, so she leaned on this group who supported her throughout her rehabilitation. The second time was in her work on the year-end group project in which her and another student created an American History board game. I recall Courtney commenting on how great it was to work with someone else who could help you in the areas where you struggled while you helped her in the areas she struggled. The project wound up being one of the best in the entire class. Courtney Alexander is undoubtedly the type of student that has the potential for great success at the next level. Her natural abilities combined with her work ethic and ability to evolve academically and socially are a recipe for success in the years to come. I enthusiastically recommend her for admission to Indiana University. If you have any questions or concerns in regards to Courtney, please feel free to contact me at (555) 555-5555. Thank you for your attention. Sincerely, William R. Morrison, III To Whom It May Concern, It is my great pleasure to recommend Miss Lili Zhang to you, as she was one of my finest students in our department. Miss Zhang began attending my English classes in the Department of International Trade University in 1992 and graduated in spring of 1996. Though it has been over eight years since I last saw her, the deep impression she made on me has not faded in the least. She is very intelligent, honest, creative, articulate, adaptive person. Her high academic achievement speaks for itself: she consistently scored in the top 5% in class. I am certain that Miss Zhang would make great contributions to your company, and I strongly recommend her for the position. Please do not hesitate to inquire further if I can be of help to you. Sincerely, Tim wu Dr. Tim Wu 作为一个employer,或许和你共事的人或者朋友会找你为他写一封推荐信。如果你不知道怎么写或者不知道说什么好，那么现在有一些小提示来告诉你推荐信都包括些什么以及如何构建一封典型的推荐信。 如果你需要一封推荐信，而为你写推荐的那个人如果不熟悉无何写的话，这些建议也同样有用。 First Paragraph -- Start out by specifying in what capacity and for how long you have known the person whom you are recommending. If the person is an employee or coworker, indicate the term of employment, the responsibilities of the position, and any significant projects undertaken by the individual. You may wish to include a sentence about the nature of your company and its activities. Here, you can also give a one-sentence summary or overview of your opinion of the recommended individual. Second Paragraph -- In the next paragraph provide a more detailed evaluation of the person as an employee. Describe his or her performance on specific assignments and list any important accomplishments. What are the individual's strengths or shortcomings in the workplace? What was it like to interact with him or her? Third Paragraph -- To sum things up you can make a more broad characterization of the individual and his or her demeanor. Overall, was the person responsible, polite, warm, disagreeable, lazy, spiteful? Finally, indicate the degree to which you recommend the individual for the position she or he is seeking: without reservation, strongly, with some reservation, or not at all. Before writing the letter, you may want to ask the person for a
list of his or her projects, since you probably will not be aware
of all the work they've done. Finally, if you have not had much
contact with the person, you may be better off declining to write
the letter of recommendation, rather than putting together something
vague and dispassionate. An employer might accept a letter of recommendation in place of grilling one or more of your references. That has several advantages. For one, it lets your references off the hot seat. The more often your references have to sit in the hot seat, the less willing they might be. For another, a letter of recommendation might speed up your hiring process. It takes more time to grill your one of references by phone or mail than it does to read your letter of recommendation. It also eliminates the risk that your reference will be unreachable, or might do a poor job because he or she was busy or having a rotten day. All it takes is one unreachable or poor reference to turn the tide against you, while only one stellar letter of recommendation might be enough to satisfy your potential employer. The biggest advantage of a letter of recommendation is that you'll already know exactly what your reference has to say about you. A letter of recommendation might even impress and comfort a potential
employer. Some employers justifiably fear involvement in lawsuits
resulting from poor references. Consequently, they typically document
what your references say. If you have a letter of recommendation,
you've already documented for them while reducing their liability.
How good are your research skills (of great interest to most graduate programs)? Do you offer thoughtful contributions to class discussions? Do you have good interpersonal skills that enable you to get along with faculty and other students? Do you exhibit strong leadership skills? Have you contributed to the various extracurricular activities of the Department such as Psi Chi and the Psychology Club? 刚毕业大学生的推荐信一般会包括5点内容： 你是否具备调查研究的能力 你是否为班级的讨论会提供过发人深思的想法 你是否具备和老师同学很好相处的人际关系能力 你是否表现出很强的领导能力 你是否参加过各种各样的开外活动，比如一些俱乐部等组织 Reference for Mr James Blond James Blond joined the A.N.Y. Company in July 1998. Since then he has proved to be a most reliable and effective member of the sales team. James is professional and efficient in his approach to work and very well-liked by his colleagues and executive clients. He is well-presented and able to work both independently and as part of a team. His contribution to all areas of company activity in which he has been involved have been much appreciated. I believe that James will make a valuable addition to any organization that he may join. We deeply regret his decision to move on and I recommend him without hesitation. I would gladly answer any request for further information. Sincerely, Penny Farthing Managing Director penny.farthing@a-n-y.com It is my pleasure to recommend Mr. Lu Shengnan for a position in your esteemed bank. A man of integrity, meticulousness, and efficiency, Mr. Lu has worked as a senior teller in my bank for over five years and won public praise among his colleagues. Ever since China's entry to WTO, more and more overseas banks have established brachches in Shanghai. Mr. Lu hopes to work in one of these branches for a better prospect. I am sorry to lose him but, for his own good as well as for the development of Shanghai, I highly recommend him to you. Yours sincerely, (signatur) Dong Weihua Manager Shanghai Construction Bank
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