一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。
二、引导词：
1. 连词: that , if, whether, as if
2. 连接代词: who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever
3. 连接副词: when, where, why, because, how
三、引导词的作用：
1. 连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分。
2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当特定的句子成分，主
语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。
主 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
连词that、whether;
疑问代词who, what, which;
疑问副词when, where, how, why
⑴ 连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用; whether
能引导主语从句，而if不能。
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.
Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.
⑵ 疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.
What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.
Which school will win the prize is not known.
Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.
Whichever you take will be yours.
Whoever wants this book may take it.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
⑶ 疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原
因状语
When they will start hasn’t been decided yet.
Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.
How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.
Why he often comes here is known to us all.
难点
1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。常以it作形式主语的
句型有：
A. It+be+形容词(well-known, obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common
Knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,
etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流受到污染。
D. It appears / seems that…… （似乎……）
It happens that…… （碰巧……）
It occurred to me that…… （我突然想起……）
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从
句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句
后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
2． 注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who)
你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。
表 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
难点
1． 连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。
2． 引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何
意义
The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.
他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人。
3． the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because…”
的错误
The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and
hard-working.
4． 在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要
用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略
His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.
5． whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。
宾 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并非任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能
省略。
① Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个
宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
② I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作
介词宾语时，that不能省略。) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
③ That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that
不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
④ We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a
probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2) 从属连词if/whether。如：
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
4． 介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。
难点
1． 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2． 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in
后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
3． 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain,
pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4． 连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不
与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句，意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5． 宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓
语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？
6． 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
同 位 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2． 用法：
① 同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
② 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从
句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
难点
1． that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别：
We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed.
我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）
We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.
我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）
① 从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
② 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。一般来说，我们可以将同位语从句改写成“主语 + be + 表语”结构。
The hope was that they would come to visit China again.
③ 同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。
I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.
I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day.
The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词， 在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。
I will never forger the day when I joined the League.
我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.
我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化。
That’s the reason why she didn’t come to the meeting.
这就是她为什么没有到会的原因。
当when, why, where引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved.
我们到哪里去弄所需机器的问题已经解决了。
He has solved the question why he was ill. 他已经解决了他为什么生病这个问题。
3． 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
高考题实录
1. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? ( NMET1990)
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where has Alice put D. where Alice has put
2. No one will be sure ______ in a million years. (NMET1991)
A. what will man look like B. what man will look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
3. Go and get your coat . It’s ______ you left it (NMET1992)
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
4. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey (NMET1992)
A. while B. if C. that D. for
5. ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet．
A．Whenever B．If C．Whether D．That
6. ____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (NMET 1993)
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
7. --- Do you remember ____ he came?
---Yes, I do, he came by car (NMET 1994)
A. how B. when C. that D. if
8. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
9. _____we can’t get seems better than _____we have (NMET1996)
A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what
10. ______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET1996)
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
11. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
12. Bob is no longer____ he used to be. (NMET1998)
A. that B. which C. who D. what
13. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that _____ you had a few days off？ (NMET1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
14. ______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising． (上海1999)
A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever
参 考 答 案
1─5 DBBCC 6─10 A ADAB 11─14 BDAD
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.名词性从句一向是NMET中的重要考点.通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出NMET名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面:
考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别
考例: _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
分析: (注:划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.
考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语
考例1: _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
考例2: I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. this D. them
分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.
考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序
考例:The photographs will show you _______ .
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。
考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别
考例1: _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与if当"是否"讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if.
考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.
考例3: It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当"是否"讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。
(文/李国勤； 英语辅导报高二版 03~04学年度第35期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行。)
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词： that ， whether ， if （不充当从句的任何成分）。
连接代词： what， whatever， who， whoever， whom， whose， which .
连接副词： when， where， how， why.
名词性从句通常有下列几种形式：
1. 由 wh- 词引导的名词从句叫作名词性 wh- 从句。 wh- 词包括 who， whom， whose， whoever， what， whatever， which， whichever 等连接代词和 where， when， how， why 等连接副词。 wh- 从句的语法功能除了起连接从句外，同时还充当介词宾语、宾语补足语和间接宾语等。例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.
书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语： In one's own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语： The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.
我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席的职位。
宾语补足语： She will name him whatever she wants to.
她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语： I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语： I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
我不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2. if， whether 引导的名词性从句
从属连词 if， whether 引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，因此也分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问从句和选择型疑问从句，起连接从句作用，不充当语法成分，本身有意义，例如：
主语： Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
这一计划是否可行还有待证实。
宾语： Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语： The point is whether we should lend him the money.
问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语： They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.
他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.
她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能渡过疾病的危险期。
3. 由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that 从句。 that 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that 从句在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：
主语： That he is still alive is very lucky.
他还活着是幸运的。
宾语： John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.
约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语： The fact is that he has not been seen recently.
事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语： The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
4. that 从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that 从句置于句末。例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是很遗憾。
用 it 作形式主语的 that 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
“ It + be+ 形容词 +that 从句”，如 it is necessary that …（有必要……）。
“ It + be + -ed 分词 +that 从句”，如 It is known to all that …（众所周知……）。
“ It + be + 名词 +that 从句”，如 It is a fact that …（事实是……）。
“ It + 不及物动词 +that 从句”，如 It appears that …（似乎……）。
有时 wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词 it 作形式主语，而将 wh- 从句置于句末。例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.
他们何时结婚还不知道。
从以上这些例句可以看出，高考主要考查名词性从句的引导词的选择、引导词之间的区别以及名词性从句的语序等。所以学习名词性从句时要注意以下几点：
1. 在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述语序。
2. what 和 that 引导名词性从句时的区别， that 引导名词性从句时只起连接词的作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中不作任何成分； what 引导名词性从句时本身有意义，即表示“什么”或“所……的事物”（ =the thing（s） which ），同时又在从句中充当一定的成分。
3. if 和 whether 引导名词性从句时的区别：
if 和 whether 都可以用来引导名词性从句，但引导主语从句（位于句首时）、表语从句、同位语从句以及在介词之后引导宾语从句时要用 whether ，而不能用 if .
4. who 与 whoever， what 与 whatever 引导名词性从句时的区别： whoever 引导名词性从句时相当于 anyone who， those who . whatever 引导名词性从句时相当于 anything that .
5. that 引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可省略。
1.主语是 reason 的表语从句要用 that 引导，而不用 because。
The reason (why) I came to school late today was that I didn't get up on time . 今天我上学晚的理由是我没准时起床。
2. that 作连接词，除少数介词(except , but , in)外，一般不能作介词宾语。that 引导的从句如果作其它介词的宾语，就需用 it 先行一步作形式宾语，把 that 从句后置。
I didn't look anywhere except ／ but (that I looked) in your room . 除了你的寝室以外，我那儿也没找。
You may depend on it that they will support you . 你可以依靠他们来帮你。
3. whether 引导所有名词性从句，能用于作介词宾语从句；和 or not 连用；用在 discuss , argue 等动词后和 sure , certain 等形容词后，引导宾语从句。
Whether it is true remains a question . 此事是否属实有待证明。
Please tell me whether he is there or not . 请告诉我他是否在那里。
We discussed whether we should close the shop . 我们讨论是否关闭这家商店。
4. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。
Do you doubt that he will win ? 你难道怀疑他将取胜 ?
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong . 我相信你的建议是错的。
He doubt whether I know it . 他怀疑我知道了此事。
5. 连接代词不仅有连接作用，而且还在从句中充当主语，表语、定语等句子成分。常见连接代词有 who , whom , whose which , what , whatever , whoever。
What surprised me most was that he won the first prize . 最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖。(what 作从句主语)
6. 连接副词除了连接从句外，还在从句中作状语。常见连接副词有 when , where , why , how。
How he became a great success is known to us all . 他怎样成了一个成功人物大家都知道。(how 在主语从句中作状语)
7. 名词性从句的语序。无论名词性从句是疑问句，还是陈述句，它的语序应为陈述语序。
Do you know when he will come back ? 知道他何时回来吗 ?
8. 正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态。这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态。
若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态。
Will you tell me how you learned English well ? 告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗 ?
I think he'll be back in an hour . 我想一小时后他会来的。
若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态。
I thought they were having lessons . 我想他们正在上课。
She said she had done her homework . 她说她已做完了作业。
Mary said she would help me with my English . 玛丽说她将帮我学英语。
宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us light travels faster than sound . 老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。
9. 否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟 think , believe , suppose , expect , guess , imagine 等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。
We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?
10. 名词性从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数。
When you will go to pick the apples hasn't been decided .
名词性从句用法释疑
1. 主语是 reason 的表语从句要用 that 引导，而不用 because。
The reason (why) I came to school late today was that I didn't get up on time .
今天我上学晚的理由是我没准时起床。
2. that 作连接词，除少数介词(except , but , in)外，一般不能作介词宾语。that 引导的从句如果作其它介词的宾语，就需用 it 先行一步作形式宾语，把 that 从句后置。
I didn't look anywhere except ／ but (that I looked) in your room .
除了你的寝室以外，我那儿也没找。
You may depend on it that they will support you . 你可以依靠他们来帮你。
3. whether 引导所有名词性从句，能用于作介词宾语从句；和 or not 连用；用在 discuss , argue 等动词后和 sure , certain 等形容词后，引导宾语从句。
Whether it is true remains a question . 此事是否属实有待证明。
Please tell me whether he is there or not . 请告诉我他是否在那里。
We discussed whether we should close the shop . 我们讨论是否关闭这家商店。
4. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。
Do you doubt that he will win ? 你难道怀疑他将取胜 ?
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong . 我相信你的建议是错的。
He doubt whether I know it . 他怀疑我知道了此事。
5. 连接代词不仅有连接作用，而且还在从句中充当主语，表语、定语等句子成分。常见连接代词有 who , whom , whose which , what , whatever , whoever。
What surprised me most was that he won the first prize .
最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖。(what 作从句主语)
6. 连接副词除了连接从句外，还在从句中作状语。常见连接副词有 when , where , why , how。
How he became a great success is known to us all .
他怎样成了一个成功人物大家都知道。(how 在主语从句中作状语)
7. 名词性从句的语序。无论名词性从句是疑问句，还是陈述句，它的语序应为陈述语序。
Do you know when he will come back ? 知道他何时回来吗 ?
8. 正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态。这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态。
※ 若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态。
Will you tell me how you learned English well ? 告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗 ?
I think he'll be back in an hour . 我想一小时后他会来的。
※若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态。
I thought they were having lessons . 我想他们正在上课。
She said she had done her homework . 她说她已做完了作业。
Mary said she would help me with my English . 玛丽说她将帮我学英语。
※ 宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us light travels faster than sound . 老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。
9. 语气问题
在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的动词之后，that-从句常用should表虚拟，should可省略，例如：
They agreed/decided that a statue should be put up.
He suggested that a reward should be offered.
在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的先行it结构中，that-分句的谓语动词常用should表虚拟，should可省略， 例如：
It is necessary that everybody knows/should know what to do.
It is important that we (should) work out a plan to cope with the crisis.
It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.
在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩的先行it结构中，that-分句的谓语动词常用should表虚拟，例如：
It is regrettable that they should leave so soon.
It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan.
It is most unfortunate that she should have made such a blunder.
1．确定含义。what 引导名词性从句有两种含义：
（1）什么 （2）……的人/事/物。例如：
1. I don't know what I should do with the problems. 我不知道该如何处理这些问题。（什么）
2. What you will do next is none of my business. 你下一步做什么不关我的事。（什么）
3. The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said. 老师告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。（……的话）
4. She is no longer what she used to be. 她不是过去的她了。（……的人）
2． 确定成分。what 作“什么”讲，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；作“……的人/事/物”讲，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：
5. They don't know what happened.他们不知道发生了什么。（what 在从句中作主语，含义是“什么”）
6. What he says is not important.他所说的并不重要。（what 在从句中作主语，含义是“……的话”）
7. Do what you please.你爱干什么就干什么。（what 在从句中作宾语，含义是“……的事“）
8. Please tell me what you are doing here on earth! 请告诉我你究竟在这里干什么！（what 在从句中作宾语，含义是“什么”）
9. He is not what he was ten years ago.他不再是十年前的他了。( what 在从句中作表语，含义是“……人”)
10. It is the ability to do the job, not what she is , that matters. 重要的是（她）做这项工作的能力，而不是她是什么（人）。（what 在从句中作表语，含义是“什么”）
11. Are you sure what books he likes reading? 你知道他喜欢读什么书吗？（what 在从句中作定语，含义是“什么”）
注：what 作“……的人/事/物”讲时一般不作定语。
3．引导从句的性质。what 可以引导主语从句(例句 2 和例句 6)、宾语从句（例句 1 和例句 3）、表语从句（例句 4 和例句 9）、同位语从句。再如：
The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me. 是什么使情况更糟了？这个问题一直在困惑着我。（what 引导的是同位语从句）
注：除了上述主要用法外，what 还有两种其它用法。
a. 关系形容词用法：作定语，意为：所……的，任何……的 （= as much/many as；the... that；any... that）。例如：
I gave him what books (=any books that/the books that) I had. 我把我所有的书全给他了。
I will give you what help (=any help that/as much help as)I can. 我愿尽力帮助你。
Lend me what money (= as much money as)you can. 你能借多少钱就借给我多少。
b. 感叹词用法：作定语，意为：多么 （多用于简单句中的感叹句中）
What a fool you are! 你多傻！
What a good idea! 多妙的主意啊！
What happy boys! 多幸福的孩子啊！
What a pity! 真遗憾！
实际上，what 在简单句中的用法和复合句中的用法是相通的，在这里就不一一赘述。
原创
英语名词性从句的特点
英语的名词性从句（Noun clause）具有名词的句法功能，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。其表现特点有以下六个方面：
1．来源于疑问句并含间接疑问的名词性从句。例如：
How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.（主语从句）
试比较：How did the prisoner escape?
I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.（宾语从句）
试比较：Is he fit for the job?
The problem is who will be equal to the task.（表语从句）
试比较：Who will be equal to the task?
He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.（同位语从句）
试比较：He asked whether/if we could overcome the present difficulties.
引导此类名词性从句的连接词直接来源于疑问句的疑问词。名词性从句用陈述句语序。
2．来源于陈述句的名词性从句。例如：
That he came back made us very happy.（主语从句）
试比较：He came back.
I’m sorry (that) I’ve made a mistake.（宾语从句）
试比较：I’ve made a mistake.
He pretended (that) he didn’t see me.（宾语从句）
试比较：He didn’t see me.
The fact is that his bark is worse than his bite.（表语从句）
试比较：His bark is worse than his bite.
Word came that he would come to see us all.（同位语从句）
试比较：He would come to see us all.
由此可见，凡由陈述演绎而来的名词性从句，其引导词一律为that。引导宾语从句的that在口语或非正式语体中常可省略。
3．来源于“先行词+定语从句”的名词性从句，其引导词一般是含有先行词在内的关系代词“what”。例如：
What the teacher says has a deep effect on his pupils.（主语从句）
试比较：All (that)the teacher says has a deep effect on his pupils.
The doctor did what he could to save the dying boy.（宾语从句）
试比较：The doctor did everything (that)he could to save the dying boy.
China is no longer what she used to be.（表语从句）
试比较：China is no longer the country that she used to be.
4．来清于“any+定语从句”的强调式名词性从句，其引导词为whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等。例如：
Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.（主语从句）
试比较：Anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.
He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most.（宾语从句）
试比较：He will give the dictionary to anyone who needs it most.
We’ll remember whomever we turned to for help.
试比较：We’ll remember anyone (whom) we turned to for help.
They will do whatever he wants them to do.（宾语从句）
试比较：They will do anything that he wants them to do.
I’ll read whichever book you give me.（宾语从句）
试比较：I’ll read any of the books that you give me.
Whoever comes first may have enough to do.（主语从句）
试比较：Anyone who comes first may have enough to do.
5．来源于感叹句的名词性从句，其引导词是what和how。例如：
Margaret told him what a good deed he had done.（宾语从句）
试比较：What a good deed you have done!
George, you don’t know how hard it is to make both ends meet.（宾语从句）
试比较：How hard it is to make both ends meet!
感叹句充当名词性从句仍具有感慨的意思。
6．名词性从句与非谓语动词之间存在转换关系。名词性从句取代原句的非谓语动词部分仍可在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，基本意思不变。例如：
1 . That she lost her necklace on the way home made her so worried.
Losing her necklace on the way home made her so worried.
2 . We suggested that he be sent to hospital at once.
We suggested his (him) being sent to hospital at once.
3 . No one noticed that some boys were playing under the bridge.
No one noticed some boys playing under the bridge.
4 . It is necessary that we should learn a second language.
It is necessary for us to learn a second language.
5. She didn’t know whether she should go or stay.
She didn’t know whether to go or to stay.
6. It is said that he works hard at English.
He is said to work hard at English.
7 . It (so) happened that I had read the book.
I happened to have read the book.
8. It seems that they are talking about something over there.
They seem to be talking about something over there.
一、 分清名词性从句的种类
名词性从句按其在句子中的功用可分为四大类: 1. 主语从句: 在复合句中作主语。2. 表语从句: 在复合句中作表语。3. 宾语从句: 在复合句中作宾语。4. 同位语从句: 在复合句中作一名词的同位结构。例如:
1. (What they are doing) seems very important. （主语从句）他们要做的似乎很重要。
2. My hope is (that he will be the best student in my class). （表语从句）我的愿望是使他成为我班最好的学生。
3. Do you know (who he is)? （宾语从句）你知道他是谁吗?
4. I don't like the idea (that money is every thing). （同位语从句）金钱就是一切, 这个观点我不喜欢。
二、认清引导名词性从句的连接词
（一）主语从句
引导主语从句的连接代词有that, who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever及连接词 whether。
1. 连接词that本身无意义, 在句子中不充当任何句子成分, 只起连接从句的作用, 不能省略, 从句的语序用陈述语序。例如:
(That she was chosen) made us very happy.
(That the earth is round) is well-known.
主语从句有时会很长, 复合句就显得头重脚轻, 因此, 可以把主语从句移到复合句后面, 而在句首使用it作形式主语。我们把以上两句转变为:
It made us very happy that she was chosen.
It is well-known that the earth is round.
2. 连接词whether本身有意义, 为“是否”, 在句子中不作任何成分, 引导的主语从句用陈述语序, whether一般不省略。例如:
(Whether she will come or not) is still a question.
(Whether we will go) depends on the weather.
同样可以用it作形式主语将其转换成:
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It depends on the weather whether we will go.
注意: 上句中whether不能被if代替。
3. 连接代词who, whose, whom, what, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever, 连接副词when, where, how, why, 它们在名词从句中都有意义, 并且在名词从句中都作句子成分。其成分为: 主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等, 从句用陈述语序。例如:
①(Who he is) is not important.
②(What they need) is more time.
③(Where she has gone) is not known yet.
④(How he came here) is not known.
⑤(Whatever he said) is right.
⑥(Who will go) is not important.
⑦(Whose book this is) is very clear.
（二）表语从句
引导表语从句的引导词同上, 它们的意义不变, 表语从句的顺序也是陈述句的顺序, 只是它们引导的从句在复合句中的位置发生了变化, 放在了表语的位置上。例如:
①The truth is (that he is the thief).
②The problem is (that they are short of money).
③The question is (whether it is worth reading).
④They are just (what I want).
⑤That's (why they were late).
（三）宾语从句
引导宾语从句的引导词仍然是以上三种类别。各自的意义不变, 是否在句中作成分也是相同的, 宾语从句的语序仍然用陈述句语序, 只是从句的位置又发生了改变。放在及物动词或介词之后作了宾语。例如:
①I remember (that I have read this book).
②We don't know (whether she is coming).
③We quite agree with (what you said).
④I worried about (whether I hurt her feelings).
⑤Please tell me (when you'll discuss the plan).
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语, 一般位于该名词之后, 说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有news, fact, idea, promise, suggestion, order等。常引导同位语从句的引导词以that为多, 无意义, 不作成分, 不能省略, 引出一个陈述句语序的句子。例如:
①He told me the (news) (that China had) 名词 同位语从句
(joined WTO).
②I made a (promise) (that I would make him happy). 名词 同位语从句
注意: 在实践中, 同学们常把该从句与定语从句混淆, 下面介绍一下判别方法。如果引导词在从句中不作任何成分为同位语从句, 在句子中作成分的, 便是定语从句。试比较:
1. The report (that there will be an exam is a lie).
that引导的是同位语从句, 因为它在从句中（划线部分）不作成分, 只是说明report的具体内容。
2. The report (that he wrote) is not true.
that为关系代词, 引导了一个定语从句, 因为that在从句中（划线部分）作动词 wrote的宾语。
三、熟记几种特殊情况
（一）引导宾语从句的that可省略, 但若及物动词后有两个以上宾语从句时, 第一个that可省略, 第二个以后的that不能省略。例如:
He told me（that）he was born in Germany, and that he spoke German. ) （可省略）
（二）从句中如有形式宾语, 连接真正宾语的that不省略。例如:
We made it a rule that we read English in the morning. ) （不省略）
（三）宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用不能换成if, 不直接连用时可换。例如:
They don't know (whether or not) the news is true.
此句的whether不能换成if。
They don't know whether the news is true or not.
此句的whether可换成if。
英语的名词性从句包括主语从名、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。翻译的时候，大多数可以按照原文的句子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文。但是，有时候，可以采用其他翻译方法来灵活处理。
一、主语从句
（一）以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
What he told me was only half-truth.
他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
任何值得做的事情都应该做好。
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.
他来不来都没有关系。
When we can begin the expedition is still a question.
我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。
How he is going to do it is a mystery.
他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。
（二）用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。（It没有翻译）
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。（It翻译为“这”）
有时候，如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始，一般可以用“...的是，...”这样的结构来翻译。
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（It不用翻译，还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译）
二、宾语从句
（一）用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.
我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。
Can you hear what I say?
你听得到我所讲的吗？
I don’t know that he swam across the river.
我不知道他游过了那条河。
I don’t know how he swam across the river.
我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.
他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。
有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。
Smith replied that he was sorry.
斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。
He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.
他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
（二）用it 作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.
我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。（it没有翻译）
I heard it said that he had gone abroad.
听说他已经出国了。（it没有翻译）
但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻译。
I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.
我被选参加会议，感到光荣。（it没有翻译）
We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.
打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。（it翻译为“这”）
三、表语从句
英语中的表语从句放在连系动词后面，充当表语成分，一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。
It seems that it is going to snow.
看起来要下雪了。
That is why Jack got scolded.
这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句主要是用来对名词作进一步的解释，说明名词的具体内容。能接同位语从句的名词主要有：belief（相信），fact（事实），hope（希望）， idea（想法，观点），doubt（怀疑），news（新闻，消息），rumor（传闻），conclusion（结论），evidence（证据），suggestion（建议），problem（问题），order（命令），answer（回答），decision（决定），discovery（发现），explanation（解释），information（消息），knowledge（知识），law（法律），opinion（意见，观点），truth（真理，事实），promise（承诺），report（报告），thought（思想），statement（声明），rule（规定），possibility（可能）等。
（一）一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
他表示希望再到中国来访问。
There is a possibility that he is a spy.
有可能他是一个间谍。
（二）有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同位语从句都是比较简单。
We know the fact that bodies possess weight.
我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。
The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.
关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。
（三）增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。
But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.
但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，他们今天仍是不合理的。
We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.
我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。
Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.
不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可以把这种废物变成塑料。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，高考常从连接词的选择、语序、语气、时态等方面来考查。为帮助同学们更好地掌握这一语法项目。
一、名词性从句重难点归纳分析
1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。
例 That he stole a bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。
The important thing is what you do,
but not what you say. 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。
2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。
例 Where and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。
When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。
3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。
例 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。
4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。
例 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗？
5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。
例 We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋。6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。
例 She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。
但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。
例 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。
7、同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念
的名词后（如news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief等），用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。
例 I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道他何时回来。
8、whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。
例 I don’t care about whether you have money or not. 我并不在意你是否有钱。
9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。
例 I could say nothing but that I was angry.我无话可说，只是感到生气。
10、 引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。
例 He said (that) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.他说课文很难，我们必须努力学习。
11、当主句是I/ We think ( suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否定的转移。
例 We don’t believe that he will win the game. 我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。 12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。
例 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他清楚地表明他不会屈服。
13、doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。
例 We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.我们怀疑他是否能赢得这场比赛。
14、连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。
例 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。
二、高考链接
1. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海)
A. that B. when
C. what D. how
2. --- I think it’s going to be a big problem.
--- Yes, it could be.
--- I wonder ___ we do about it.(2002上海春)
A. if B. how
C. what D. that
3. You should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them often. (1999NMET)
A. when B. where
C. then D. there4. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. (2001NMET)
A. how B. after
C. what D. when
5. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___ I disagree. (2004 NMET)
A. why B. where
C. what D. how
6. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET)
A. this B. that
C. it D. one
7. The road is covered with snow. I can’t u
nderstand ___ they insist on going by motor-bike. (2004NMET)
A. Why B. whether
C. when D. how
8. We can’t figure out ___ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.(2004 北京)
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
9. After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth, ___ our astronauts to do is walk in space. (2004 上海)
A. where B. what
C. that D. how
10. A story goes ___ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海)
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
Key 1-5 CCBCB 6-10 CACBD 三、强化练习
1. He has given us a suggestion ____ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we have saved.
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
2. After five hours’ drive, they reached ____ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
3. It is no longer a question now ___ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which
C. whether
D. what
4. She is pleased with ____ you have given him and all that you have told him.
A. that B. what
C. why D. which
5. Father made a promise ____ I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if
C. whether D. that if
6. ____ surprised me most was that she didn’t even know ____ the difference between the two lies.
A. What, where B. What, what
C. That, where D. That, what
7. Sometimes we are asked ___ we think the likely result of an action will be.
A. that B. what
C. which D. whether
8. Nobody knows ___ he mentioned that at the meeting.
A. that B. why
C. what D. where
9. There is no doubt ____ my friend was not important to them all.
A. that B. whether
C. if D. why
10. I have no idea ____ they will visit our school; we have got everything ready.
A. how B. when
C. that D. why
Key 1-5 DDABD
6-10 ABBAB
名词性从句专练
1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A. When B. What C. That D. /
2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether
C. Even if D. No matter when
3. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A. How B. That
C. Which D. What
4. _____ that there is another good harvest this year.
A. It says B. It is said
C. It was said D. He was said
5. _____ that she has received a doctor’s degree.
A. It’s a splendid news B. This is a splendid news
C. It’s splendid news D. This is splendid news
6. _____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out
B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out
D. Why the plan carried out
7. _____ is unknown to us all.
A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it
C. That where she put it D. In which she put it
8. _____ nothing to do with us.
A. What he did is B. What he has done is
C. What did he do has D. What he has done has
9. That’s _____ the Party called on us to do.
A. what B. that
C. how D. why
10. The reason why I have to go is _____ if I don’t.
A. that she will be disappointed
B. because she will be disappointed
C. on account of her being disappointed
D. that she will be disappointing
11. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded.
A. because B. since
C. as D. for
12. I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word “infinity” mean
B. what the word “infinity” means
C. what the meaning of the word “infinity”
D. what the word “infinity” mean
13. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term?
A. Whom B. Who
C. What D. That
14. Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B. that she is honesty
C. she is honest D. is she honest
15. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations.
A. what B. how
C. that D. which
答案与解析:
1. C that在引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句时不省略，引导宾语从句时可省略。
2. B whether…or无论…还是
3. D what he is doing 他所做的事情.
4. B 由that引导的主语从句通常用形式主语来代替
5. C由that引导的主语从句通常用形式主语来代替,news是不可数名词,所以选C
6. B “怎样实施计划还有待讨论”, 语序应该为称述语序,所以选B
7. B “她放在什么地方,我们大家都不知道”, 语序应该为称述语序,所以选B
8. D “他所做的与我们无关”have nothing to 与什么无关,句子做主语,谓语用单数,所以选D
9. A 那就是聚会号召我们做的事情
10. A that在从句中做成分则为定语从句；that在从句中不做成分则为同位语从句。
11. A
12. B 语序应该为称述语序,所以选B
13. B “你认为谁会来教我们下学期的数学”
14. C “你能肯定她是诚实的”,省略了that
15. B 他经常在思考怎样为四个现代化多做贡献.
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