1.“某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here , there
, now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。
Out rushed the boy .
Down came the brown wave .
2. 表示方位的短语放在句首，后面一般使用倒装语序。
West of the lake lies the famous city .
3. There be + 主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie，stand等。
There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table .
There in Greece lived a famous thinker , named Aristotle .
4. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。
“Let’s go ! ”said the captain .
“Take off your boots !” ordered the guard .
5. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
They arrived at an old church , in front of which stood a big
crowd of people .
6. 用于so开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，意为“也怎么样”。另外，在结果状语从句句型so …that …中，如果强调so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。
I often go out for a walk after supper . So does she .
我经常在晚饭后出去散步，她也这样。
So excited was she at the news that she couldn’t say a word
.
听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。
7. 用于nor , neither 开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，“也不怎么样”。
Li Lei can’t answer the question . Neither can I .
If you don’t wait for him , nor shall I .
8. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。
Only in this way can we get in touch with them .
Only because he was ill was he absent from school .
注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。
Only Mr Wang knows about it .
9. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not , never , seldom , scarcely
, barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on
condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than ……等。
Little did I think he is a spy .
我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。
Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain .
No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang .
10. 在虚拟语气中，倒装代替条件。
Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem
.
Were there no light , we could see nothing .
11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live France ! 法兰西万岁！
英语倒装句用法
倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。
例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）
2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。
例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）
3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。
例：Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.（那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。）
2. 部分倒装
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。
例：
were she to leave right now, she would get there on Sunday.
如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到达那里
2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：
例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）
3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only。
Only in this way can we get in touch with them
注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。
Only Mr Wang knows about it
4) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：
例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。）
5) 由as引导的部分倒装句：
a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句
例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）
一、 为什么有倒装句？
答：（1）、为了强调；（2）、句子结构（句子平衡）的需要。
二、 倒装句可分为两大类：（1）、部分倒装；（2）、全倒装。
三、 倒装句种类分述：
1． 部分倒装（方法与一般疑问句一样：情态动词，原有助动词，添加助动词，，动词be，动词have + 主语 + 其他谓语 + ---。为方便起见，我们把“情态动词，原有助动词，添加助动词，，动词be，动词have”称作“操作词”）。需要部分倒装的情形如下：
（1）、问句。（注意：疑问词做主语时除外）
另外，特殊疑问句中若有插入语（do you think / suppose / guess / expect / believe / imagine）时，注意如下语序：
○What do you think happened to him last night？（疑问词做主语）
○When do you suppose he will come back？（疑问词不做主语）
○What do you guess he is doing now？（疑问词不做主语）
对比：◎ Do you think he was lying then？
◎ Do you know what he is doing？
（2）、以做状语的否定副词或介词短语开头的句子（包括个别从句，如，He is so poor that never has he been abroad.）。常见的这类词语有：not短语, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, no longer, by no means(决不) = in no way = in no case = on no account = at no time, no where = at no point, not until---(主句倒装), no sooner---(倒装，过去完成时) than---(不倒装，过去时) = hardly/scarcely/rarely--- when---.
○ He listened so carefully that not a single word did he miss.
（3）、如下几个重要句型：
○ 肯定句，so + 操作词 + 主语（表示“也---”）.
可转换成：肯定句. 另一个肯定句，too/as well.
○ 否定句，neither/nor/no more + 操作词 + 主语（表示“也不---”, 若有多个主语,则只能用nor来连接）.
可转换成：否定句. 另一个否定句，either.
练习:
○ He will go to university, ________. (她也一样)
○ She doesn’t play games on computer. ______ . (他也一样不玩)
○ We have decided not to go out this weekend. ______. (他们也一样不出去)
○ The boy knows little English and _____. (我也一样)
○ He was unhappy. _____. (她也一样)
□ so will she, Nor/Neither/No more does he, So have they, nor do I, So was she.
特别地 ○ All that is true, ________. (我们也不可忘记)
○ “Are you going there with us?” “If Mary wants to go, ______. ”
A. so will I B. so do I C. so I do D. I also go
○ You haven’t seen it, ____ have I, ____ has Mike, ____ has any other student.
A. neither, neither, neither; B. nor, nor, nor; C. neither, neither, nor; D. neither, nor, nor
□ nor must we forget about it, A, B.
注意：
※ 以上句型, 前面部分与后面部分的主语都是不一致的; 若一致, 则表示强调, 不用倒装, 其句型为:
○ 肯定句. So + 主语 + 操作词.
○ 否定句. Nor + 主语 + 操作词.
练习:
○ Look, it isn’t raining any more. ________. (确实如此)
○ They work hard. ________. (确实如此)
○ There is a good film on at the cinema. _______. (确实如此)
○ There was nothing for Della to do but sell her hair. _______. (确实如此)
□ Nor it is, So they do, So there is, So Della did.
※ 若前面部分（有时可能有两个或两个以上的句子），或主语不一致，或谓语不一致，或肯定和否定不一致; 或前后主语性质不一致; 则有“通用”句型：
◎ 前面部分. So it is / was / will be with ---.
◎ 前面部分. It is / was / will be the same with ---.
练习:
○ She is ready to help others and her stories are worth learning from. ______. (她的姐姐也一样) □ It is the same with/So it is with her sister.
○ John isn’t a good student and doesn’t do well in his subjects. _______. (山姆也一样) □ It is the same with/So it is with Sam.
○ His house is not large but fine and nice. ________. (小燕的房子也一样)
○ A lot of fruit trees have been grown in their school. ______. (我们学校也一样)
（4）、以“Only + 状语（包括状语从句）”开头的句子（或个别从句）。如：
○ He is too lazy so only in this way can we make him awake.
○ They’ll still have a long way to go even if only in this way can they manage to succeed.
（5）、Not only + 分句（要倒装）+ but also + 另一分句（不要倒装）.
（6）、虚拟语气条件句中，若从句省略了if，则可把should，were，had 提到主语之前。
(7)、在 “主语 + 谓语 + so/such --- that 从句”中, 若把 “so/such ---”句首, 则主句要倒装. 如:
○ So fast did he run that we weren’t able to keep up with him.
○ To such a degree was he excited that he wasn’t able to sleep well that night.
(8)、以某些频度副词开头的句子。如：
○ Often do we go there.
○ Many a time has he given us good advice.
○ Now and again does she help me.
2． 全倒装
(1)、There be / live / stand / lie etc. + 主语 + ---.
(2)、副词: Here / There / Now / Then / Thus / Out / In / Away / Down etc. + 谓语(常用一般时态) + 主语 + ---. 如:
○ Now comes(不用is coming) your turn.
○ Then began the new lessen.
○ Thus ended the lesson.
(3)、介词短语 + 谓语(常用一般时态) + 主语 + ---.
○ On the desk are a few books which belong to him.
○ In the west of the school is / lies a football field, where students often play football after school.
○ He has a single room in which is a table and a few chairs.
○ On the hillside is a house, in front of which stands a big tree.
(4)、Such + be + 主语 + ---.
○ Such is our monitor.
○ Such is the case.
○ Such were her words.
(5)、Long + live + 主语. 如: Long live China.
3． 其他形式倒装
（1）、○ Late as/though it was，they continued the work.
○ Much as/though she likes English, she likes Chinese better.
○ Child as/though he was, he was able to do it by himself.
○ Try as/though he might again, he failed.
◎ However hard she tried, she could hardly understand this.
◎ Whatever a good student he is, he still has shortcomings.
（2）、分词短语 + be + 主语 (+ ---).
○ Watching the program of this kind are mostly children.
○ Holding the secretary’s hand is a farmer’s young daughter.
○ Lying on the floor was a boy aged about eighteen.
○ Standing behind me was our head teacher.
○ Hidden underground was plenty of gold, silver, copper and so on.
○ Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.
（3）、○ May + 主语 + 动词原形 + ---. (祝---) 如,
May you succeed! = Wish you success!
练习
1.______can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001春北京)
A．With hard work B．Although work hard C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
2．Only when the war was over ____________ to his hometown.(2001春上海)
A．did the young soldier return B．the young soldier returned
C．returned the young soldier D．the young soldier did retur
3. So difficult ______ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel (2001上海)
4. Not only interested in football but beginning to show an interest in it. (2002春上海)
A. the teacher himself is…all his students are B. the teacher himself is…are all his students
C. is the teacher himself…are all his students D. is the teacher himself…all his students are
5. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ___ any end to their influence man’s lives.(2004广东)
A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there
6．— I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!(2004全国三)
— _____.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
7. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.(2004上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
8. －Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.(2005安徽)
－ ______, and so did I.
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she
9. Only after my friend came .(2005福建)
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
10. —Father ,you promised!(2005湖北)
—Well, .But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
11. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(2005江苏)
A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
12. —Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.(2005辽宁)
—_____________.
A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does
13. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005辽宁)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
14. Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.(2005上海)
A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was
15. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.(2005全国1)
A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
英语倒装句训练题参考答案
1---10: CADDC, BBCCD; 11---20: BABAD,
一、倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
二、倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
三、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
四、so, neither, nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
五、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
六、as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
七、其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词
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