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非谓语动词
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相对谓语动词的时间意义
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例句
|
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一般式不定式
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说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want;
hope; expect; wish等。
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I
want to go home.
I hope to see you. |
| 说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。
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I
saw him come in.
He helped him (to) carry things.
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一般式动名词
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表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。
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We
enjoyed seeing the film.
I am thinking of taking over the
job. |
| 在动词insist
on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
|
He
insisted on doing that work |
| 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;
upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。
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I
remember seeing him before.
On arriving Beijing, he went to
see his friend. |
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一般式分词
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现在分词
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持续性动词
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说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
|
He
stood there speaking.
Holding a book under his arm, he
entered the room. |
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终止性动词
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说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。
|
Entering
the room, I found nobody in.
Turning to the right, you will
find the post office. |
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过去分词
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持续性动词
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通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。
|
Written
in simple English, the book is easy to read.
I can't find my lost pen.
|
| 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。
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He
is a person well-known in this country. |
| 代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。
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Educated
by the party, he became a brave fighter. |
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完成式不定式
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说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。
|
I'm
sorry to have troubled you.
He is said to have come here.
He is thought to have done it.
He is believed to have done it.
He seemed to have known it.
|
| 在wish,
hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。
|
We wished to have done this.
I expected to have left by then.
(=I had expected to heave by then.)
|
| |
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完成式动名词
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说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动作先发生。
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We regret having told you the
news.
After having finished his work,
he went home.
He denied having broke the glasses.
|
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完成式分词
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说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear;
see或表示位置转移的动词arrive;
leave; turn; open.不用完成时
|
Having
finished his work, he went home.
Sitting down with him, we begun
to discuss it.
Hearing this, he rose and went
to the door. |
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非谓语动词
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意义和用法
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例句
|
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不定式
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表示被动的意义
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The meeting is to be
held next week.
He wanted to be sent
to the hard area.
|
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有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”．“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，
如：nice,
easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable,
cheap等。
|
The box is not strong
enough to stand this.
It's too small to see.
There is a lot of work
to do
The house is to let
at low rent.
I am not to blame.
Houses are still to
seek.
Much remains to do.
The text is hard to
learn.
|
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动名词
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表示被动的意义
|
He insisted on being
sent to the hard area.
|
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在动词need,
require等的主动语态和形容词worth后,
表示被动的意义
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My watch needs repairing.
The book is worth reading.
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分词
|
现在分词
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表示被动的意义
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The building being built
is a school.
Not having been told,
he didn't know where to start.
|
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过去分词
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表示被动的意义
|
Heated, the metal expands.
|
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非谓语动词
|
意义和用法
|
例句
|
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不定式
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动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。
|
To
master a foreign language is no easy job.
To do it well is my earnest desire
To see this film is to waste time.
To solve this problem is out of
the question |
|
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词
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1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important,
difficult, easy hard possible）
It is foolish to act in this way.
It sounds reasonable to do it this
way.
It appears likely for them to arrive.
2) 动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require,
cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoy
It took much time to do this.
It makes us excited to think about
that.
It needed hard work to finish the
job.
It does no good to say like that.
It didn't occur to me to ask him
to help me.
3)名词作表语
It seems a pity to waste them.
It is a great pleasure to do this
It is a good idea to think this
way. |
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动名词
|
动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换
|
Collecting
stamps is a good hobby.
Swimming is a best sport in summer.
There is no telling what will happen.
There is no denying the fact.
There is no need informing him
of it. |
| 动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词
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1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable,
good, hard, worthwhile)
It is nice talking to you.
It's foolish behaving like that.
It is useless doing that
2)名词作表语
It's waste of time doing this.
It's no good (use) doing that.
It's an awful job doing this.
It's fun doing this
It is not an easy task doing this
work. |
语法知识(English Grammar)(1)
