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外贸经济合同英文写作
对 外 经 济 合 同 英 文 写 作
Foreign Economic Contract Documents in Writing
傅伟良 编
北 京 第 二 外 国 语 学 院 英 语 系
CONTENTS
Unit Two ………………………………………………………………………….. ..1
Lesson One Hereby ……………………………………………………………….. ..1
Lesson Two Hereinafter …………………………………………………………… ..1
Lesson Three Therein ………………………………………………………………..5
Lesson Four Thereof ………………………………………………………………. ..9
Lesson Five Hereof ………………………………………………………………….12
Lesson Six Hereto …………………………………………………………………..16
Lesson Seven Herein ………………………………………………………………. 21
Lesson Eight Thereafter, Thereto, Therewith …………………………………….. ..24
Unit Three ………………………………………………………………………… ..31
Lesson One Whereas ……………………………………………………………… .31
Unit Four ………………………………………………………………………….. .35
Lesson One Unless Otherwise ……………………………………………………. .35
Lesson Two In accordance with; Under; Pursuant to………………………………..38
Lesson Three In respect of; In respect thereof ………………………………………41
Lesson Four Notwithstanding ……………………………………………………….45
Lesson Five In the event that, In the event of ……………………………………….48
Lesson Six Provided that …………………………………………………………… 51
Lesson Seven Be deemed ………………………………………………………….. 55
Lesson Eight In question ………………………………………………………….. .57
Lesson Nine In case; In case of ; In the case of …………………………………….60
Lesson Ten Be liable for; Be liable to …………………………………………….…63
Unit Five …………………………………………………………………………….67
Lesson Two Positioning Adverbial Modifiers……………………………………….67
Lesson Three Positioning of Adverbial Modifier in Subordinate Clauses
………….70
Lesson Four Positioning of Ecliptic Clauses ………………………………………..74
Lesson Five Attributive Clause: Such … as ………………………………………. .77
涉外合同翻译练习…………………………………………………………………..81
1． 出口合同…………………………………………………………………………81
2． 进口合同…………………………………………………………………………87
3． 补偿贸易合同…………………………………………………………………..
4． 对外加工装配合同……………………………………………………………..
5． 专利许可合同………………………………………………………………….
6． 中外合资经营企业合同 ………………………………………………………
7. 借款合同……………………………………………………………………….
Foreign Economic Contract Documents in Writing
Unit Two
Lesson One Hereby
Lesson Two Hereinafter
1) 本合同双方，______________________(以下称甲方)与_________________(以下称乙方)，在平等互利基础上,通过友好协商，于20_____年_____月_______日在中国___________市，特签订本合同。
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between __________
_____________________ Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and
______________________________________ Co. (hereinafter referred
to as Party B) on _______________ 2001, in ____________, China,
on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable
consultation.
2) 本协议由中国___________公司(以下简称甲方)与____________ 公司(以下简称乙方)于________年________月___________
日特此订立。
This agreement is hereby made and entered into on __________ 2001,
by and between ______________________ Co. China (hereinafter referred
to as Party A) and ___________________ Co. (hereinafter referred
to as Party B).
3） 本条例所称外资金融机构，是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构：
（一） 总行在中国境内的外国资本的银行（以下简称外资银行）
（二） 外国银行在中国境内的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）
（三） 外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的银行（以下简称合资银行）
（四） 总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司（以下简称外资财务公司）
（五） 外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）
Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations
refer to the following financial institutions that are established
and operate in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant
laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China:
(1) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head
offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign banks);
(2) branches of foreign bank in China (hereinafter referred to as
foreign bank branches);
(3) banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial
institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint—venture banks);
(4) finance companies incorporated by foreign capital whose head
offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign finance
companies); and
(5) finance companies incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese
financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint—venture
finance companies.)
Notes:
★financial institutions: 金融机构
★finance companies: 财务公司，这里应理解为金融公司，是指在商业银行以外的专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。
★如果中文为会计事务所，则要译成：accounting firm
4) 已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业（以下简称外商投资企业），如申请转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利纪录。
When existing Chinese – foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese –
foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreign – owned enterprises
(hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment)
apply to reorganize themselves into a company, the enterprises with
foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the
recent three consecutive years.
Notes:
★existing Chinese – foreign equity joint ventures: 已设立的中外合资经营企业,即现有的中外合资经营企业。
★Chinese – foreign cooperative joint ventures：中外合作经营企业
★ wholly foreign – owned enterprises：外资企业
★ shall have a record of making profits：应有盈利纪录
5）申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor
shall submit the following documents to the Ministry of Foreign
Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC)
for examination and approval after the examination and consent obtained
from the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities of the
related province, autonomous region, municipalities directly under
the central Government or the municipalities specifically （separately）
listed in the State economic plan in which the investment company
is to be located.
Notes:
★ the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter
referred to as MOFTEC): 对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）
★ the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities: 外经贸部门
★ municipalities directly under the central Government: 直辖市
★ the municipalities specifically （separately） listed in the State
economic plan: 计划单列市
6） 为了确认公司的企业法人资格，规范公司登记行为，依据《中华人民共和国公司法》（以下简称《公司法》），制定本条例。
These Regulations are formulated and prepared in accordance with
the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred
to as the Company Law) in order to affirm the qualifications of
enterprise legal persons of companies and standardize the registration
activities of Companies.
Notes:
★ These Regulations are formulated and prepared:制定本条例prepare:制定
★ the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China:《中华人民共和国公司法》
★ to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies:确认公司的企业法人资格
★ standardize the registration activities of Companies:规范公司登记行为
7) 为进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流，引进外资，促进社会主义市场经济的发展，外国的公司、企业和其他经济组织或个人（以下简称外国股东），按照平等互利的原则，可与中国的公司、企业或其他经济组织（以下称称中国股东）在中国境内共同举办外商投资股份有限公司（以下简称公司）。
In order to further expand international economic co-operation and
technological exchange, to absorb foreign investment and to promote
the development of socialist market economy, foreign companies,
enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals (hereinafter
referred to as foreign shareholders) and Chinese companies, enterprises
and other economic organizations (hereinafter referred to as Chinese
shareholders)may，within the territory of China，on the principle
of equality and mutual benefit, incorporate themselves into a company
limited by shares with foreign investment (hereinafter referred
to as the company).
Notes:
★ to absorb foreign investment: 引进外资
★ to promote the development of socialist market economy:促进社会主义市场经济的发展
★ foreign shareholders:外国股东
★ within the territory of China:在中国境内
★ a company limited by shares with foreign investment:外商投资股份有限公司
8) 为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投 资者根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资公司（以下简称投资公司）。
In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce
foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise, foreign investors
are permitted to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred
to as “investment company”) in China in accordance with the Chinese
laws and regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.
Notes:
★ to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise引进国外先进技术和管理经验
★ to establish investment companies:设立投资公司
★ the Chinese laws and regulations governing foreign investment:中国有关外国投资的法律、法规
9） 本实施细则适用于外国贸易商，制造厂商、货运代理商、承包商、咨询公司、广告公司、投资公司、租赁公司和其他经济贸易组织（以下简称外国企业）在中华人民共和国境内设立的常驻代表机构。
These Detailed Rules shall apply to the resident representative
offices set up within the territory of the People’s Republic of
China by foreign traders, manufacturers, shipping agents, contractors,
consultant companies, advertising agencies, investment companies,
leasing companies and other economic entities (hereinafter called
“foreign enterprises”)
Notes:
★ These Detailed Rules：本实施细则
★ apply (to)(vi)：适用于。More Examples: The rules of safe driving apply
to everyone. That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people
we see about. That argument does not apply in this case. The comment
applies equally here.
★ shipping agents：货运代理商
★ consultant companies：咨询公司
★ advertising agencies“广告公司
★ leasing companies：租赁公司
★ the resident representative offices：设立常驻代表机构
10) 外国企业申请在中华人民共和国境内成立常设代表机构，应经对外贸易经济合作部或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市对外经济贸易委员会（厅）（以下简称审批机关）批准，并在中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局（以下简称登记机关）办理登记手续。
A foreign enterprise applying for the establishment of its resident
representative office in the Territory of the People’s Republic
of China shall, upon approval and consent by the Ministry of Foreign
Trade and Economic Cooperation or its authorized Commissions for
Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (hereinafter called the “Examination
– Approval Authorities”) of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities
directly under the Central Government and the municipalities specifically
（separately） listed in the State economic plan, register with the
State Administration for Industry and commerce or its authorized
Administrations for Industry and Commerce (hereinafter called the
“registration authorities”) of the provinces, autonomous regions,
municipalities directly under the central Government and the municipalities
specifically （separately） listed in the State economic plan.
Notes:
★ its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations:其授权的对外经济贸易委员会
★ Examination – Approval Authorities审批机关
★ the State Administration for Industry and commerce国家工商行政管理局
★ its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce其授权的(各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市)工商行政管理局
★ register with办理登记手续
Lesson Three: Therein
1) 临时工程是指在工程施工，竣工和修补工程中任何缺陷时需要或与上述工程阶段有关的所有各种临时工程，但承包人的设备除外。
“Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind (other
than the Contractor’s Equipment) required in or about the execution
and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein.
Notes:
★ Temporary Works临时工程,是指为永久工程服务的工程，永久工程建成后应予以取消。建造临时工程的费用，按国际FIDIC合同条件规定，应由承包人负责。
★ the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of
any defects therein工程施工，竣工和修补工程中任何缺陷。建造一项工程一般分成两个阶段进行，工程设计、施工，竣工为第一阶段，修补工程中任何缺陷为第二阶段，因此此句中的第二个and是对的，表示建造工程的两个阶段。
★ defects：缺陷，表示工程施工出现的问题，即工程本身存在的问题，而不是因业主使用不当造成的。
2) 没有业主的事先同意，承包人不得将合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好处进行转让，但下列情况除外：
The contractor shall not, without the prior consent of the Employer,
assign the Contract or any part thereof, or any benefit or interest
therein or thereunder, otherwise than by:
(therein = in the contract, thereunder = under the contract)
Notes:
★ the prior consent of the Employer业主的事先同意。注意：consent只有单数形式，表示同意。
★ assign转让
★ otherwise than by：但下列情况除外。也可译成：unless otherwise specified in the
following circumstances:(复) 情况。
3) 本期票是贷款协议中所指的期票，享有贷款协议规定的全部利益，是指贷款协议中规定的预付、违约及因违约提前到期的权利和义务。
This Note means the Note mentioned in the Loan Agreement and is
entitled to all the benefits provided therein. This refers to the
rights and obligations therein of advance payments, default and
acceleration of the maturity in the event of default.
Notes:
★ the Note期票,即借据，票据。
★ the Loan Agreement贷款协议
★ is entitled to all the benefits享有（贷款协议规定的）全部利益
★ advance payments预付
★ default违约
★ a in the event of default因违约
4) 借款人证明书，其格式基本上应按照附录4规定的格式，及其规定的附件。
A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with
the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified
therein.
Notes:
★ A certificate of the Borrower借款人证明书
★ comply with按照
★ the attachments specified therein. 附录4规定的附件
5) 任何时候，如果由当地或其任何政治分支机构或税收当局，根据合同规定，对任何支付费用应予以征收税款的，不论什么性质，现在或将来的任何性质税款可以免征的，借款人应及时向代理行递交一份证明上述免税文件的副本。
If， at any time，an exemption shall be obtained from any such present
or future taxes of any nature whatsoever imposed by local authorities
or any political subdivision or taxing authorities thereof or therein
as shall，under the Contract，be due in respect of any payment or
payments, the Borrower shall promptly deliver to the Agent a copy
of the certified documents evidencing the exemption in question.
Notes:
★ exemption免征税款
★ local authorities地方当局
★ any political subdivision任何政治分支机构
★ axing authorities thereof or therein地方当局的税收当局
★ under the Contract根据合同规定
★ shall be due应予以征收的
★ the certified documents evidencing the exemption in question证明上述免税文件（in
question：上述）
6) 在《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》（以下简称税法）公布前已经办理工商登记的外商投资企业，该企业应按税法规定的税率缴纳所得税。
Where enterprises with foreign investment which were registered
with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce before the
promulgation of the Income Tax law of the People’s Republic of China
for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises
(hereinafter called the Tax Law), the enterprise in question shall
pay income tax at the rates provided for therein.
★ the Income Tax law of the People’s Republic of China for Enterprises
with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises:中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法。
★ at the rates provided for therein:按税法规定的税率。therein: in the Tax
Law。
7) 借款人有充分的权力订立本协议，借贷资金、签署票据并承担由此而产生的义务，上述全部行为均应经法人适当和必需的授权。
Where the Borrower has full power and authority to enter into this
Agreement, to make the borrowings, to execute and deliver the Note
and to incur the obligations provided for herein and therein, all
the actions in question shall, properly and necessarily, be authorized
by legal persons.
Notes:
★ the Borrower:借款人
★ to make the borrowings:借贷资金
★ to execute and deliver the Note:签署票据
★ to incur the obligations provided for herein and therein:承担由此而产生的义务。herein:
this Agreement; therein: in the Note
★ all the actions in question:上述全部行为
★ legal persons:法人
8) 承租人必须自负费用维持商品的良好状况；但是出租人必须对商品的故障负责，承租人有权向出租人提出赔偿，因此所遭受的损失。
The Leasee shall, at his own expense, keep the commodity in good
condition. Provided that the Leasor shall be responsible for the
breakdown of the commodity and the Leasee may have the right to
lodge claims against the Leasor for any losses occurred therein.
Notes:
★ the Leasee承租人
★ keep the commodity in good condition维持商品的良好状况
★ the Leasor出租人
★ Provided that但是，表示进一步规定
★ to lodge claims against the Leasor向出租人提出赔偿
★ any losses occurred therein因此所遭受的损失，therein：in the above-mentioned
matters指出租商品出现的故障
9) 当信用证要求运输单据、保险单据和商业发票以外的单据时，信用证应规定该单据的出单人及其措辞或项目内容。如信用证虽无此规定，但提交的单据的项目内容可能证实与信用证中所述的货物及/或服务有关联，则银行将予接受。
When documents other than transport documents, insurance documents
and commercial invoices are required, the credit shall provide for
the following items, such as, the persons (drawers) by whom the
documents in question are to be issued and the wording therein or
data content thereof. If the credit fails to so stipulate, and the
data content in the documents presented makes it possible to relate
to the goods and/or services referred to in the credit, banks will
accept such documents as presented.
Notes:
★ documents: shipping documents单据
★ transport documents运输单据
★ insurance document: insurance policy保险单据
★ commercial invoices商业发票
★ the credit: the Letter of Credit信用证
★ drawers出单人
★ the wording therein: the wording in the documents其措辞
★ data content thereof: data content of the documents项目内容
★ referred to in the credit信用证中所述的
Lesson Four: Thereof
1) 买方有权确定在规定期限内取货物的时间和/或地点时，应给卖方有关这方面的通知。
When the buyer is entitled to determine the time within a specified
period and/ or the place of taking delivery, the Buyer in question
shall give the seller the notice thereof.
Notes:
★ is entitled to determine有权确定
★ the time and / or the place of taking delivery取货物的时间和/或地点
★ the notice thereof有关这方面的通知thereof: of the above-mentioned matters,
that is, the time and the place of taking delivery.
2) 税收的开征，停征以及减税、免税、退税、补税，依照法律的规定执行；法律授权国务院规定的，依照国务院制定的行政法规的规定执行。
The collection of tax or the cessation thereof, the reduction, exemption
and refund of tax as well as the payment of tax unpaid shall, in
accordance with the provisions of the relevant law, be implemented.
Provided that if the State Council is authorized by the law to formulate
and prepare the relevant provisions of the regulations, the provisions
in question shall be implemented and complied with.
Notes:
★ The collection of tax税收的开征
★ the cessation thereof税收的停征
★ the reduction, exemption and refund of tax as well as the payment
of tax unpaid减税、免税、退税、补税，
★ he State Council国务院
★ to formulate and prepare the relevant provisions of the regulations制定的行政法规规定,prepare:制定
3) 当事人申请仲裁，应当向仲裁委员会递交仲裁协议、仲裁申请书及副本。
The Party applying for arbitration shall submit to an arbitration
commission the arbitration agreement, the application for arbitration
and the copies thereof.
Notes:
★ The Party applying for arbitration当事人申请仲裁, 是指申请仲裁的当事人。
★ arbitration commission仲裁委员会
★ arbitration agreement仲裁协议
★ application for arbitration仲裁申请书
4) 竣工检验指合同规定的或由工程师与承包人另行商定的检验，这些检验是由承包人在业主接收工程或工程任何部分、区段之前进行的。
“Tests on Completion” means such tests specified in the Contract
or otherwise agreed by and between the Engineer and the Contractor
as shall be made by the Contractor before the Employer takes over
the Works or any section or part thereof.
Notes:
★ Tests on Completion竣工检验
★ otherwise agreed另行商定
★ Employer takes over the Works业主接收工程
★ any section or part thereof工程任何部分、区段,thereof: of the Works
5) 托收指示应对于在遭到拒绝承兑或拒绝付款时，是否需要作出拒绝证书（或采取其他可以代替的法律手续）给予特别指示。
如无此项特别指示，与托收有关的各银行在遭到拒绝付款或拒绝承兑时，并无义务作出拒绝证书（或采取其他可以代替的法律手续）。
银行由于作出拒绝证书或采取其他法律手续而发生的手续费或费用概由委托人负担。
The collection order shall give specific instructions regarding
the protest (or shall take other legal process in lieu thereof),
in the event of non-acceptance or nonpayment.
In the absence of such specific instructions, the banks concerned
with the collection shall have no obligation to provide the protest
(or to take other legal process in lien thereof) when the banks
in question experience non-acceptance and non-payment.
Any charges and/ or expenses incurred by the banks in connection
with such protest or other legal process shall be borne by the principal
when the banks refuse to provide the protest.
Notes:
★ The collection order托收指示
★ the protest: the documents protested拒绝证书
★ thereof: of the protest
★ in lieu thereof代替拒绝证书
★ non-acceptance or nonpayment拒绝承兑或拒绝付款
★ the banks concerned with the collection托收有关的各银行
★ experience non-acceptance and non-payment遭到拒绝付款或拒绝承兑
★ the principal委托人
6) 如果卖方自己制订规格，他必须将制订规格的细节通知买方，而且必须规定一段合理时间，让买方可以在该段时间内制订出不同的规格。如果买方在收到该通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，则卖方所订的规格应具有约束力。
If the seller makes the specification himself, he shall inform the
buyer of the details thereof and shall determine a reasonable time
within which the buyer may make a different specification. If, after
receipt of the communication in question, the buyer fails to do
so within the time so determined, the specification made by the
seller shall be binding.
Notes:
★ makes the specification订明规格
★ the communication in question该通知
★ shall be binding应具有约束力
7) 外商投资的有限责任公司适用本法，有关中外合资经营企业，中外合作经营企业，外资企业的法律另有规定的，适用其规定。
This Law shall apply to limited liability companies with foreign
investment. Where the laws on Sino-foreign equity joint venture
enterprises, Sino-foreign co-operative joint venture enterprises
and wholly- foreign owned enterprises otherwise provide for, the
provisions thereof shall apply to them.
Notes:
★ apply to (sb)适用
★ limited liability companies with foreign investment外商投资的有限责任公司
★ Sino-foreign equity joint venture enterprises中外合资经营企业
★ Sino-foreign co-operative joint venture enterprises中外合作经营企业
★ wholly- foreign owned enterprises外资企业
8) 不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地（如承运人需要），包括星期日和假日，无间断地提供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。
Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not,
the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night,
including Sundays and holidays (if required by the carrier), supply
and take delivery of the goods. Provided that the owner of the goods
shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred
in default of the provisions thereof.
Notes:
★ Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反,
Whether…. or not:不论……是否
★ without interruption无间断地
★ the owner of the goods货方
★ the carrier承运人
★ in default of the provisions thereof违反本款规定
9) 竣工时间是指合同规定从工程开工日期算起到工程或其任何部分或区段施工结束并且通过竣工检验的时间。
“Time for Completion” means such time for completing the execution
of the Works and passing the Tests on Completion of the Works or
any Section or part thereof as is specified in the Contract from
the Commencement Date.
Notes:
★ Time for Completion竣工时间
★ the execution of the Works施工
★ any Section or part thereof工程的任何部分或区段
10) 在承包人提交投标书之前，业主应向承包人提供由业主或业主代表根据有关该项工程的勘察所取得的水文地质资料，但是承包人应对他自己对上述资料的解释负责。
The Employer shall, prior to the submission by the Contractor of
the Tender, have made available to the Contractor, such data on
hydrological and sub-surface conditions as have been obtained by
he Employer or the Representative on behalf of the Employer from
the investigations into the Works. Provided that the Contractor
shall be responsible for his own interpretation thereof.
Notes:
★ data on hydrological and sub-surface conditions:水文地质资料
★ have made available to the Contractor:向承包人提供
★ his own interpretation thereof:自己对上述资料的解释
Lesson Five: Hereof
1) 本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance
with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other
organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.
Notes:
★ Foreign trade dealers对外贸易经营者
★ as mentioned in this Law本法所称
★ legal entities法人
★ are engaged in foreign trade dealings从事对外贸易经营活动
2) 设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。
The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited
by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this
Law. A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof
may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited
by shares. Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions
and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered
as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.
Notes:
★ a limited liability company限责任公司
★ a company limited by shares股份有限公司
★ provisions hereof本法规定
★ may be registered as登记为
3) 仲裁员因回避或者其他原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。
Notes:
★ as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons回避或者其他原因
★ arbitrator仲裁员
★ the provisions hereof: the provisions of this Law依照本法规定
★ be selected or appointed选定或指定
If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator
fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator
shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or
appointed.
4) 本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。
Notes:
★ conflict相抵触
★ the effective date of this Law本法施行前
★ the provisions hereof shall prevail以本法为准,prevail占上风
In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration
formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law
and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.
5) 赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条，第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。
赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第十二条的规定。
Notes:
★ the organization with compensatory obligations赔偿义务机关
★ shall pay compensation应当给予赔偿
★ the claimant for compensation赔偿请求人
★ claims compensation要求赔偿
★ shall have the right to lodge a complaint有权申诉
★ apply to/in适用, More examples: The comment applies equally here.
That argument does not apply in this case. That applies to at least
nine-tenths of the people we see about. These remarks apply to every
town in this Kingdom. The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s) specified in
Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is/are confirmed, the organization
with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the
circumstances in question. Where the claimant for compensation demands
the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article
15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses
to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge
a complaint. Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim,
shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.
The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall
apply to/in the procedures of Compensation.
6) 仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。
Notes:
★ arbitrator仲裁员
★ bear the legal liability and responsibility承担法律责任
★ The arbitration commission仲裁委员会
★ remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of
arbitrators将其除名
If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item
4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified
in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall,
in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.
The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator
in question from the list of arbitrators.
7) 依照本法,履行审批职责的有关主管部门,对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记主管部门不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。
Notes:
★ the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals履行审批职责的有关主管部门
★ meets the requirements and provisions hereof符合本法条件
★ the company registration authorities负责公司登记主管部门
★ apply for reconsideration申请复议
★ bring an administrative suit提起行政诉讼
If， pursuant to this Law，the relevant responsible authorities with
the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application
as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company
registration authorities fail to register a company whose application
meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance
with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative
suit.
8) 有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适用本决定。
This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article
9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of
enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies
limited by shares.
9) 本法施行前已登记成立的公司，应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，继续保留，其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。
Notes:
★ Companies registered已登记成立的公司
★ the “Standard opinion on Limited Liability Companies” 《有限责任公司规范意见》
★ the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares股份有限公司规范意见
★ the relevant responsible department of the State Council国务院有关主管部门
★ in separate regulations issued by the State Council由国务院另行规定
Companies registered and established prior to the effective date
of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations,
local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard opinion on Limited
Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited
by Shares" issued by the relevant responsible department of
the State Council, continue to exist.
Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this
Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements
hereof. Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be
set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.
10) 本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
Notes:
★ Unfair competition不正当竞争
★ business operators经营者
★ the lawful rights and interests合法权益
★ disturbing the socio – economic order扰乱社会经济秩序的行为
★ contravene the provisions hereof违反本法规定
Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such
business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result
of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators,
and disturbing the socio – economic order.
Lesson Six: Hereto
1) 对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
Notes:
★ the performance of this contract 履行本合同
★ through amicable negotiations友好协商
★ shall then be submitted for arbitration提交进行仲裁
★ the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission,
Beijing中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京）
★ the arbitration rules of this Commission其仲裁规
★ The award of the arbitration仲裁裁决
★ unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission 仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外
All disputes arising from the performance of this contract shall,
through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.
Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case
in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China
International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing
and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. The
award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties
hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless
otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.
2) “专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的,或乙方有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请。
Notes:
★ Patented Technology专利技术
★ patent专利
★ applications the patent专利申请
★ may have the right to control of可能有权控制的
★ are permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the
world在世界任何国家许可转让
★ Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto. 本合同双方规定的本合同产品
“Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications the
patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the
future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control
of, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period
of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are
applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products
specified by the Parties hereto.
3） “技术资料”，系指列于附件1与制造和维修合同产品有关的工程、制造及原始资料，包括与制造设备、工具和装置有关的图纸、蓝本、设计图表，材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料、设计及其说明书等,但上述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料。
Notes:
★ Technical Documents技术资料
★ the data and the information资料
★ engineering工程
★ manufacturing制造
★ originating information原始资料
★ blueprints蓝本
★ design sheets设计图表
★ material specifications材料规格
★ photostats影印资料
★ general data一般资料
★ designs and specifications relating to manufacturing Contract
Products设计及其说明书, 设计及合同产品说明书
“Technical Documents” means the data and the information specified
in Appendix 1 to this Contract, such as engineering, manufacturing
and originating information relating to the manufacture and maintenance
of Contract Products, including drawings, blueprints, design sheets,
material specifications, photographs, photostats and general data,
and designs and specifications relating to manufacturing Contract
Products. Provided that the above-mentioned information shall be
such information as is only available to Party B and applicable
to the business operation of Party A under this Contract.
4) 乙方如需查核甲方的帐目时，应在接到甲方依上述第3.4款规定开出的书面通知后10天之内通知甲方，其具体的查帐内容和程序详见本合同附件4。
Notes:
★ audit the accounts of Party A查核甲方的帐目
★ The specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts其具体的查帐内容和程序
★ Appendix 4 hereto本合同附件4
If Party B demands to audit the accounts of Party A, Party B shall,
within 10 days after receiving the written notice issued by Party
A under Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract, notify Party A of the matter
in question. The specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts
are detailed in Appendix 4 hereto.
5) 本协议各方同意,对于有关生产及装配许可证产品或部件所开发的改进、修正、更新发明或设计均应立即全部通知另一方。开发改进的一方可以自负费用并以自身名义申请专利或采取其他必要的法律保护程序，由此产生的专利将属于该方所有。在本协议的有效期内，另一方可以与本协议不相矛盾的方式无偿使用和销售利用改进、修正、更新发明或设计（无论其是否取得专利权）生产的产品。
Notes:
★ ether Party hereto本协议各方同意
★ improvement, modification, further invention改进、修正、更新发明
★ may discover, make or develop开发
★ manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components
thereof生产及装配许可证产品或部件
★ file application for Letter Patent申请专利
★ take other necessary legal steps to protect the same其他类似的法律保护程序,the
same: Letter Patent
★ any patent arising therefrom由此产生的专利
★not in consistent with this agreement 与本协议不相矛盾
The parties to this Agreement agrees that ether Party hereto shall,
immediately and fully, notify the other Party hereto of any such
matters comprising an improvement, modification, further invention
or design as the Party in question may discover, make or develop
with respect to manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products
or components thereof.
The Party discovering, making or developing the subject matter in
question may, at its own expense and its own name, file application
for Letter Patent or take other necessary legal steps to protect
the same, and any patent arising therefrom shall belong to the Party
in question. The other Party may, during the effective period hereof,
make use, and sell products utilizing such improvement, modification,
further invention or design (whether patented or un-patented) without
charge and royalty fee in any manner not in consistent with this
agreement.
6) 本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务，FCAM和Y 将订立技术服务协议并作为本协议附件2（以下称作“技术服务协议”）
Notes:
★ certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务
★ The Technical Assistance Agreement技术服务协议
★ Appendix 2 hereto本协议附件2
The Parties to this Agreement agree that Y shall supply to FCAM
certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products.
The Technical Assistance Agreement to be concluded between FCAM
and Y shall be deemed to be an attachment as Appendix 2 hereto.
(hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Assistance Agreement”)
7) 本协议双方同意保证FCAM将尽实际可能最大限度地使用Y所要求的表格式样，用于FCAM向协议双方提供管理和财务信息材料；并且FCAM应建好会计和财务帐目以备协议双方的检查或审计。
Notes:
★ to the maximum extent practicably possible尽实际可能最大限度地
★ data on management and financial information管理和财务信息材料
★ prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books建好会计和财务帐目
★ available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto以备协议双方的检查或审计,
inspection:检查, audit:审计
The Parties to this Agreement agree and ensure that FCAM will, to
the maximum extent practicably possible, use the forms required
by Y for such data on management and financial information as are
given by FCAM to the parties hereto, and that FCAM shall prepare
and keep accounting and financial records and books available for
inspection or audit by either Party hereto.
8) 本协议双方同意授权管理FCAM的董事会对公司整体经营计划的报批和监督执行负责。该经营计划需要提交协议双方审阅和批准。
Notes:
★ Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto双方授权的董事会
★ to administrate or manage FCAM管理FCAM。 Administrate行政管理； manage业务管理。
★ he overall business management plan of the company公司整体经营计划
★ monitoring the execution of the plan in question监督执行
★ for review and approval审阅和批准
The Parties to this Agreement agree that the Board of Directors
authorized by the Parties hereto to administrate or manage FCAM
shall be responsible for approving the overall business management
plan of the company, and monitoring the execution of the plan in
question. Provided that the business management plan in question
shall be submitted to the Parties hereto for review and approval.
9) 本协议双方同意并将使FCAM同意Y将向FCAM出售，FCAM从Y购买经过Y和FCAM 协商决定的特定机器设备，以保证根据技术服务协议由Y向FCAM提供的技术决巧得到有效使用，并以协议双方同意的价格和条件成交。
Notes:
★ specialized machinery and equipment特定机器设备, equipment(单数形式)设备
★ is determined through mutual consultation协商决定
★ he effective utilization of the technical know-how有效使用技术决巧
★ terms and conditions条件
The Parties to this Agreement agree, and will cause FCAM to agree,
that Y will sell to FCAM, and FCAM will buy from Y, all such specialized
machinery and equipment as is determined through mutual consultation
by and between Y and FCAM for the effective utilization of the technical
know-how supplied by Y to FCAM under the Technical Assistance Agreement
at such prices and on such terms and conditions as are determined
by and between the Parties hereto.
10) 本合同期满时，双方发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务。
Notes:
★ The termination of this Contract本合同期满
★ the outstanding claims and liabilities未了债务
★ the debtor债务人
★ the creditor债权人
The termination of this Contract shall not in any way affect the
outstanding claims and liabilities existing between the Parties
hereto upon the expiration of the validity of the Contract and the
debtor shall continue to be kept liable for paying the outstanding
debts to the creditor.
Lesson Seven: herein
1) 本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务（以下所称商品包括服务）的法人、其他经济组织和个人。
Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of
business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result
of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators,
and disturbing the socio—economic order.
Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons,
other economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading
of goods or profit- making services. (hereafter called Goods include
services).
Notes:
★ Unfair competition不正当竞争
★ business operators经营者
★ contravene the provisions hereof违反本法规定
★ damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators损害其他经营者的合法权益
★ disturbing the socio—economic order扰乱社会经济秩序的行为
★ engage in the trading of goods or profit- making services从事商品经营或营利性服务。engage
in从事, be engaged in 忙于
2) 为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，制定本法。本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。
This Law is hereby formulated and prepared in order to develop the
foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote the
healthy development of the socialist market economy.
Foreign trade mentioned herein shall cover the import and export
of goods, technology and the international trade in services.
Notes:
★ This Law is hereby formulated and prepared制定本法
★ maintain the foreign trade order维护对外贸易秩序
★ promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展
★ the international trade in services国际服务贸易
3) 本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。
The term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability
company or such a company limited by shares as are established within
the Territory of China in accordance with this Law.
Notes:
★ a limited liability company有限责任公司
★ a company limited by shares股份有限公司
★ within the Territory在中国境内
★ mentioned herein本法所称
4) 犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。
犯本决定规定之罪，被没收违法所得，判处罚金、没收财产，承担民事赔偿责任的，其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。
Illegal gains from the crimes as provided for in this Decision shall,
if any, be confiscated. Where those who commit crimes against the
provisions herein, with their illegal gains to be confiscated, a
fine imposed, their property forfeited and a civil compensation
assumed, and their property and assets are insufficient for the
payments of all the above items, they shall, in priority, be liable
for the civil compensation.
Notes:
★ Illegal gains违法所得
★ shall be confiscated应当予以没收
★ their illegal gains to be confiscated被没收违法所得
★ a fine imposed判处罚金
★ their property forfeited没收财产
★ a civil compensation assumed承担民事赔偿责任
5) 除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”，“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》办理。
The terms “FOB”, ”CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International
Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” ( INCOTERMS, 1990)
provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise
specified herein (in this Contract).
Notes:
★ “FOB”(free on board)(……Named port of shipment)船上交货（…….指定装运港）
★ “CFR”(Cost and Freight) (…. Named port of destination)成本加运费（……..指定目的港）
★ “CIF” (Cost, Insurance and Freight)(…. Named port of destination)成本、保险费加运费（……….指定目的港）
★ the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms”
( INCOTERMS, 2000)《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2000》
6) 除非另有明确表示，则与本协议有关或无关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括,但不限于,有关本协议存续的争议,仲裁条款有效性的争议），如不能以友好协商的方式解决，则提交仲裁。
Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein, if all disputes,
controversies or differences arising out of or in relation to the
execution of this Agreement between the parties hereto, or any breach
or default of the provisions hereof (including but not limited to,
a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this
Agreement, and the validity of the arbitration Clause) fail to be
settled amicably, the disputes, controversies or differences in
question shall be submitted for arbitration.
Notes:
★ disputes争议
★ controversies纠纷
★ differences 歧意
★ any breach or default of the provisions hereof任何违约及过失
★ including but not limited to包括,但不限于
★ the validity of the arbitration Clause仲裁条款有效性,the arbitration
Clause:仲裁条款
7) 代理行应按照本合同规定的条件，在付款日将所收资金贷记入借款人根据2.2款指定的帐户。
The Agent shall, pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified
herein, on the Disbursement Date, credit the funds received to such
account as is specified by the Borrower under Sub-Clause 2.2 of
this Contract.
Notes:
★ The Agent: correspondent bank代理行
★ pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein按照本合同规定的条件
★ on the Disbursement Date在付款日
★ credit the funds received记入所收资金贷
★ the Borrower借款人
8) 本合同规定的各项权利是累加的，并不排除法律规定的其他权利、权力、特权或补救方法。
All the rights provided for in this Contract shall be cumulative
and shall not be exclusive of any other rights, powers, privileges
or remedies provided for by laws.
Notes:
★ shall be cumulative是累加的
★ shall not be exclusive of并不排除
★ privileges特权
★ remedies补救方法
9) 据此，以本协议双方相互承诺为对价，就下述内容达成一致：
Now Therefore, under the consideration of the mutual promises made
by the Parties to this Agreement, the Parties hereto agree the contents
herein as follows:
Notes:
★ Now Therefore据此
★ the consideration对价。对价是对一项允诺（promise）的回报。例如，甲方允诺向乙方提供若干数量的货物，乙方同意付给甲方一定数目的货款，该货款便构成甲方允诺的对价。在经过要约（offer）与承诺（acceptance）的基础上，只有那些拥有对价的允诺才被认作合同，得到法律的保护和执行。
★ the contents herein本协议内容
10) 借款人应按照本协议和票据完成所有支付义务。向银行的偿付应是不附带其它费用并且是免税的，而且银行所收到的偿付款项不含任何税务。借款人应按本协议支付全部规定的税务。
The Borrower shall, under this Agreement and the Note, fulfil the
obligations of making all payments. All the reimbursements to the
Bank shall be free and clear of any other charges and exempt from
all taxes and such reimbursements as are received by the Bank will
not be subject to Taxes. The Borrower shall, under this Agreement,
pay all Taxes as provided for herein.
Notes:
★ the obligations of making all payments支付义务
★ the reimbursements偿付
★ be free and clear of any other charges不附带其它费用
★ exempt from all taxes是免税的
Lesson Eight: Thereafter, Thereto, Therewith
1) 如本协议因任何理由而终止，所有由甲方提供的图纸、图片、规格以及其他全部生产和操作资料，包括全部复制品，均返还甲方，同时，乙方应停止生产上述许可证产品、或部件、或零件。
If this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever, all such
drawings, transparencies, specifications, and any other manufacturing
or engineering information as are supplied by Party A, including
all the copies thereof, shall be returned to Party A, and Party
B shall cease to manufacture the said Licensed Products or Components,
or parts of the Licensed Products.
Notes:
★ this Agreement is terminated本协议终止
★ transparencies图片
★ specifications规格
★ any other manufacturing or engineering information其他全部生产和操作资料
★ the said Licensed Products上述许可证产品
2) 仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决是终局的，任何一方可以要求任何有管辖权的法院对此作出司法判决。双方须以良好诚信的态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。
The decision and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final,
and the judgment on the decision and award in question may, under
the request of either party to the Contract, be made by any court
having jurisdiction. The parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply
with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal.
Notes:
★ The decision and award of the arbitration tribunal仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决
★ the judgment司法判决
★ any court having jurisdiction有管辖权的法院jurisdiction管辖权
★ in good faith以良好诚信的态度
3) “专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的和/或有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品的专利和专利申请。
“Patented Technology” means such letters patent, and application
therefor as are presently owned or acquired in the future by Party
B and /or as Party B has or may have the right to control or grant
license thereof during the effective period of this Contract in
any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may
be used in the manufacture of this Contract Products.
Notes:
★ Patented Technology专利技术
★ letters patent专利
★ application therefor专利申请
★ grant license thereof许可转让
★ during the effective period of this Contract本合同有效期间
★ are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of this Contract
Products适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品
4) “合同产品”，系指本合同附件2中规定的产品及其改进发展的产品。
“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to
this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications
thereof or developments with respect thereto.
Notes:
★ Contract Products合同产品
★ Appendix 2 to this Contract本合同附件2
★ together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments
with respect thereto及其改进发展的产品,thereof: of the Contract Products,
thereto: to the Contract Products
5) 规范是指合同中包括工程规范，以及根据第95条规定的或由承包商提出并经工程师批准的对规范的任何修改或增补。
“Specifications” means the specifications of the Works included
in the Contract and such any modification thereof or addition thereto
as are made under Clause 95 or as are submitted by the Contractor
and as are approved by the Engineer.
Notes:
★ Specifications规范
★ any modification thereof or addition thereto对规范的任何修改或增补,thereof:
of the Specifications, thereto: to the Specifications
★ under Clause 95根据第95条规定
6) 缺陷责任证书应由工程师在缺陷责任期终止后28天内颁发，或者，如果不同的缺陷责任期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分时，则在最后一个缺陷责任期终止或根据第82条，在任何按指示进行的工程已完成并达到工程师满意之后尽快签发。
The Defects Liability Certificate shall, within 28 days after the
expiration of the Defects Liability Period, be issued by the Engineer,
or, if different defects liability periods become applicable to
different Section or parts of the Permanent Works, the expiration
of the latest such period, or if, pursuant to Clause 82, any works
instructed are completed to the satisfaction of the Engineer, the
Defects Liability Certificate shall be issued by the Engineer as
soon as possible.
Notes:
★ The Defects Liability Certificate缺陷责任证书
★ the expiration of the Defects Liability Period缺陷责任期终止
★ different defects liability periods become applicable to different
Section or parts of the Permanent Works不同的缺陷责任期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分
★ any works instructed任何按指示进行的工程
7) 借款人每年应支付银行贷款承诺总额0.5%的承诺费。从签订合同之日起（包括该日在内），到贷款发放日和终止日中较早之日（但不包括该日在内）为止，从其后第3个月的该日起开始按季支付至发放日与终止日中较早之日。
The Borrower shall pay for the account of the Banks a commitment
fee of one half of one percent (0.5%) per annum on the Total Loan
Commitment. The commitment fee shall be paid from the date of the
conclusion of the Contract (inclusive) to the earlier day of the
Disbursement Date and the Termination Date (but excluding the day
in question). The commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the
date in the third month thereafter to the earlier day of the Disbursement
Date and the Termination Date.
Notes:
★ commitment fee承诺费,承担费，贷款协议签定生效后，如借款人没有按期使用贷款，需向贷款人支付一定金额的补偿费用----承诺费或承担费。通常在贷款协议中确定一个承诺期。承诺期分为前后两期，前期不收承诺费，后期计收承诺费。如果在前段承诺期已使用全部承诺期金额，则不收承诺费。如果在前段承诺期未使用全部承诺期金额，其余额在后段承诺期使用，则计收承诺费。
★ the Disbursement Date贷款发放日
★ the Termination Date终止日
8) 借款人应支付与本合同或票据有关的任何管辖地征收的注册税或转让税，印花税或类似的关税以及应付的罚金、利息。如果代理行或任何银行支付了任何上述税款，罚金和利息；则借款人一经要求即应如数补偿代理行或该行。
The Borrower shall pay any such registration or transfer taxes,
stamp duties or similar levies and any such penalties or interest
as may be imposed by any jurisdiction in connection with this Contract
or the Notes. The Borrower shall, if required, reimburse the Agent
or the Bank in question the same amount of such tax, duties, levies,
penalties or interest as are paid by the Agent or the Bank.
Notes:
★ registration or transfer taxes注册税或转让税
★ stamp duties印花税
★ similar levies类似的关税
★ penalties罚金
★ any jurisdiction任何管辖地
★ in connection with this Contract or the Notes与本合同或票据有关
★ if required一经要求
9） 如果发生下列一种或一种以上违约事件（以下称违约事件），或该违约事件正在继续，代理行以及各行应行使第11.2款规定的救济方法。
（1） 借款人未能支付根据本合同规定到期应付的款项。
If one or more of the following events of default (hereinafter called
“Event of Default”) occurs or occur or is/are occurrent, the Agent
and the Bank shall be entitled to the remedies specified in Sub-Clause
11.2 of this Agreement.
(a) The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable hereunder as and
when such amount shall become payable.
Notes:
★ events of default违约事件
★ is/are occurrent正在继续
★ the remedies
★ fails to pay any amount payable未能支付应付的款项
10) 除本合同另有明确规定外，代理行设有义务向任何银行说明由于它或它的附属机构贷款而收到的金额或其利润。代理行及其附属机构得向借款人贷款，接受借款人存款，并一般地与借款人进行各种经营活动，如同不是代理行一样。
Unless otherwise expressly provided for in the Contract, the Agent
shall have no obligations to account to any Bank for any amount
received in respect of any Loan maintained by the Agent or any of
its affiliates or for the profits related to the loan. The Agent
and its affiliates may make loans to, accept deposits from, and
generally engage in any kind of business with, the Borrower as though
the Agent in question was not an Agent.
Notes:
★ have no obligations to account to any Bank设有义务向任何银行说明
★ affiliates附属机构
★ may make loans to贷款
★ accept deposits from接受存款
★ engage in any kind of business with进行各种经营活动
11) 代理行或任何银行没有或迟延行使本合同规定的权利,不应为放弃或损害上述权利。单一地或部分地行使上述权利,应不排除以任何其它方式行使或进一步行使上述权利或其它权利。除非以书面形式表示，否则上述权利的放弃应属无效。上述任何权利的放弃不能视为本合同任何其它权利的放弃。
If the Agent or any Bank fails to, or delays to, exercise the rights
specified in this Contract, the Agent or the Bank in question shall
not be deemed to waive or impair such rights. No single or partial
exercise of any such rights shall preclude any other or further
exercise thereof or the exercise of any other rights. No waiver
of any such rights shall be effective unless an written expression
otherwise is given. No waiver of any such rights shall be deemed
a waiver of any other rights specified herein.
Notes:
★ exercise the rights specified in this Contract行使本合同规定的权利
★ to waive or impair such rights放弃或损害上述权利
★ preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise
of any other rights不排除以任何其它方式行使或进一步行使上述权利或其它权利
★ unless an written expression otherwise is given除非以书面形式表示
12) 本条款适用一切跟单信用证，并包括在其适用范围内的备用信用证，除非另有约定，对各有关当事人均具有约束力。在每个跟单信用证中，须以文字表明该信用证系依照跟单信用证统一惯例1983年修订本，即国际商会第400号出版物开立。
These articles shall apply to all documentary credits, including,
to the extent to which they may be applicable, standby letters of
credit, and shall be binding on all parties to the Parties, unless
otherwise expressly agreed therein. Each documentary letter of credit
shall, by warding, state that the letter of credit in question is
issued subject to Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits,
1983 revision, ICC Publication No.400.
(Note: ICC = International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会1920年成立于巴黎，是由工商企业家及其集团组成的国际民间性组织)
Note:
★ all documentary credits一切跟单信用证
★ standby letters of credit备用信用证
★ shall be binding on all parties to the Parties对各有关当事人均具有约束力
★ subject to依照
★ Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, 1983 revision,
ICC Publication No.400. 跟单信用证统一惯例1983年修订本，即国际商会第400号出版物
13) 开立信用证的指示、信用证本身、有关信用证任何修改的指示以及修改书本身，必须完整和明确。为了防止混乱和误解，银行应劝阻在信用证或其任何修改中加入过多细节的企图。
Instructions for the issuance of credits, the credits themselves,
instructions for any amendments thereto and the amendments themselves
shall be complete and precise.
In order to guard against confusion and misunderstanding, banks
shall discourage any attempt to include excessive detail in the
credit or in any amendment thereto.
Notes:
★ Instructions for the issuance of credits开立信用证的指示
★ any amendments thereto信用证任何修改
★ In order to guard against confusion and misunderstanding为了防止混乱和误解
★ discourage劝阻
★ excessive detail过多细节
14) 银行对于任何单据的形式、完整性、准确性、真实性，伪造或法律效力，或单据上规定的或附加的一般及/或特殊条件，概不负责；对于单据所代表的货物的描述、数量、重量、品质、状况、包装、交货、价格或存在，或货物的发货人、承运人或保险人或其他任何人的诚信或行为及/或不行为、清偿能力或资信情况，也不负责。
Banks assume no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency,
accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any documents,
or for the general and / or particular conditions specified in the
documents or superimposed thereon; no do they assume any liability
or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality,
condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods represented
by any documents, or for the good faith or acts and / or omissions,
solvency, performance or standing of the consignor, the carriers,
or the insurers of goods, or any other person whomsoever.
Notes:
★ the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or
legal effect of any documents任何单据的形式、完整性、准确性、真实性，伪造或法律效力
★ the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing,
delivery, value or existence of the goods货物的描述、数量、重量、品质、状况、包装、交货、价格或存在
★ for the good faith or acts诚信或行为
★ the consignor, the carriers, or the insurers of goods, or any
other person whomsoever 货物的发货人、承运人或保险人或其他任何人
15) 一切开立信用证指示和信用证本身及一切信用证修改指示和修改书本身必须明确注明据以进行付款、承兑或议付的单据。
All instructions for the issuance of credits and the credits themselves
and, all instructions for amendments thereto and the amendments
themselves, shall state precisely the document(s) against which
payment, acceptance or negotiation shall be made.
Notes:
★ amendments thereto信用证修改
★ the document(s) against which payment, acceptance or negotiation
shall be made据以进行付款、承兑或议付的单据
Unit Three
Lesson one Whereas
1) 鉴于乙方有权并同意将专利技术的使用权，制造权和合同产品的销售权授予甲方；
鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同的产品；
双方授权代表经友好协商，同意就以下条款签订本合同。
Whereas Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights
to use, manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patented Technology;
Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party
B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products;
The Representatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract have,
through friendly negotiation, agreed to enter into this Contract
under the terms, conditions and provisions specified as follows:
Notes:
★ to grant Party A the rights to use, manufacture and sell the Contract
Products of Patented Technology 将专利技术的使用权，制造权和合同产品的销售权授予甲方
★ The Representatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract双方授权代表
★ under the terms, conditions and provisions specified as follows就以下条款
2) 鉴于甲方拥有合同产品的生产及销售所涉及的技术信息，包括设计、技术工艺、配方、技能和其他资料的专有权；
鉴于乙方希望获得使用上述技术协助的许可权利，以及以生产、使用和销售合同产品为目的的持续的技术协助的权利；
鉴于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下述商标；据此，双方就下列内容达成一致：
Whereas, Party A posses proprietary technical information including
designs, techniques, workmanship, formulas, skills and other data
useful in the manufacture and marketing of certain products; and
Whereas, Party B desires to acquire the right and licence to use
the above-mentioned technical assistance for the purpose of manufacturing,
using and selling such products; and
Whereas, Party B desires to use the following trademarks owned by
Party A.
Now Therefore, the parties hereto do hereby agree on the contents
of the agreement as follows.
Notes
★ proprietary technical information专有技术信息
★ designs, techniques, workmanship, formulas, skills and other data设计、技术工艺、配方、技能和其他资料
★ the right and licence许可权利
★ technical assistance技术协助
★ trademarks商标
3) 鉴于借款人提出从银行借款，各银行分别但不连带地向借款人贷款，总额为$50,000,000（5000万美元），当事人协议如下：
Whereas the Borrower proposes to borrow from the Banks, and the
Banks, severally but not jointly, propose to lend to the Borrower,
an aggregate amount of $50,000,000, the Parties hereto have hereby
made and concluded this Agreement as follows:
Notes:
★ severally but not jointly分别但不连带地
★ an aggregate amount总额
★ the Parties hereto have hereby made and concluded this Agreement
as follows当事人协议如下
4) 鉴于借款人根据本协议规定的条件和款项，已向银行要求向借款人提供一笔本金为100万美元（US$ 1,000,000）的定期贷款；
鉴于银行根据本协议规定的条件和款项，已准备向借款人提供此项定期贷款；
据此，以双方相互承诺为对价，就下述内容达成一致。
Whereas, the Borrower has requested the Bank to extend to the Borrower
a term loan in the principal amount of one Million US Dollars (US$
1,000,000) under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement;
and
Whereas, the Bank is prepared to make such a loan available to the
Borrower under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement;
Now, Therefore, in consideration of the mutual promises contained
herein, the Parties hereto do hereby agree on the contents of the
agreement as follows:
Notes:
★ a term loan定期贷款
★ the principal本金
★ under the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement 根据本协议规定的条件和款项
★ in consideration of the mutual promises以双方相互承诺为对价,consideration:对价
5) 本合同由双方代表签字后生效，一式两份，双方各执一份。特此立据。
In Witness Whereof, this Contract shall come into effect after the
Contract in question is made and signed by the Parties hereto in
duplicate, and either Party will hold one copy.
Notes:
★ In Witness Whereof特此立据
★ in duplicate一式两份
★ either Party will hold one copy双方各执一份
6) 本文件一式两份，由本合同双方分别于上面所订日期订立，特此为证。
In Witness Whereof, the Parties hereto have respectively caused
this document to be made and executed in duplicate, as of the day
and year first written above.
Notes:
★ In Witness Whereof, 特此为证
★ be made and executed订立
★ the day and year first written above上面所订日期
7) 本合同双方于上面所订日期在纽约正式签署和交付本合同，以资证明。
In Witness Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement
to be duly made and executed and delivered in New York city as of
the day and year first written above.
Notes:
★ In Witness Whereof以资证明
★ be duly made and executed正式签署
★ delivered in New York city在纽约交付
8) 双方于协议文首所订日期，正式签署本合同，特此为证。
In Witness Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreement
to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written
above.
Notes:
★ In Witness Whereof特此为证
★ the day and year first written above文首所订日期
9) 就本条文而言，文中使用的“跟单信用证”和“备用信用证”（以下称“信用证”），不论如何命名或描述，意指一项约定，根据此约定，银行（开证行）依照客户（信用证申请人）的要求和指示，根据规定的单据，在符合信用证条款情况下，（i）向第三方（受益人）或其指定人进行付款，或支付或承兑受益人开立的汇票，或
（ii）授权另一家银行进行该项付款，或支付承兑或议付该汇票。
For the purposes of these articles, the expressions “Documentary
Credit(s)” and “Standby Letter(s) of Credit” used herein (hereinafter
referred to as Credit(s)), mean an arrangement or an agreement,
whatever named or described, whereby a bank (the issuing bank),
acting at the request and on the instructions of a customer (the
applicant for the credit), (i) will make payments to or to the order
of a third party (the beneficiary), or will pay or accept bills
of exchange (drafts) drawn by the beneficiary, or
(ii)will authorize another bank to effect such payment, or will
pay, accept or negotiate such bill of exchange (drafts), against
stipulated documents.
Notes:
★ Documentary Credit(s) and Standby Letter(s) of Credit跟单信用证”和“备用信用证”
★ mean an arrangement or an agreement意指一项约定
★ whereby根据此约定,凭此协议
★ the issuing bank开证行
★ the applicant for the credit信用证申请人
★ the order of a third party (the beneficiary) 第三方指定人（受益人）
★ accept bills of exchange (drafts) 承兑汇票
★ negotiate such bill of exchange (drafts) 议付该汇票
10) 买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers
the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price
for the object.
Notes:
★ A sales contract买卖合同
★ whereby凭此协议
★ the seller出卖人
★ the buyer买受人
★ an object标的物,即买卖合同中出售的货物
11) 供用电合同是供电人向用电人供电，用电人支付电费的合同。
A contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract
whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to the
user of electricity, and the user of electricity pays the electric
fee.
Notes:
★ the supplier of electricity供电人
★ the user of electricity用电人
12) 赠与合同是赠与人将自己的财产无偿给予受赠人，受赠人表示接受则与的合同。
A donation contract refers to a contract whereby the donator donates
gratis its property to the donee, and the donee expresses the acception
of the donation.
Note:
★ donator赠与人
★ donee受赠人
Unit Four
Lesson one unless otherwise
1) 本条文适用于一切跟单信用证，并包括在其适用范围内的备用信用证，除非另有约定，对各有关方面均具有约束力。
These articles shall apply to all documentary credits, including
standby letters of credit,to the extent to which they shall be applicable,
and shall be binding on all parties to the Contract, unless otherwise
expressly agreed by the Parties thereto.
Notes:
★ These articles本条文
★ apply to适用
★ the extent to which they shall be applicable其适用范围内
★ shall be binding on all parties to the Contract对各有关方面均具有约束力
2) 除非信用证另有规定，银行将接受出单日期早于信用证开证日期的单据，但该单据须在信用证和本条文规定的时限之内提交。
Unless otherwise specified in the Credit, banks will accept a document
bearing a date of issuance prior to that of the Credit, subject
to such document being presented within the time limits specified
in the credit and in these articles.
Notes:
★ Unless otherwise specified in the Credit除非信用证另有规定
★ a document bearing a date of issuance prior to that of the Credit出单日期早于信用证开证日期的单据
★ within the time limits specified in the credit and in these articles在信用证和本条文规定的时限之内
3) 除非信用证另有规定，银行将拒受运输行出具的运输单据，但是国际商会批准的“国际运输商协会联合会”的联合运输提单或注明运输行作为承运人或某承运人的代理人出具的运输单据除外。
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will reject a transport
document issued by a forwarding agent. Provided that unless such
transport document is the FIATA combined Transport Bill of Lading
approved by the International Chamber of Commerce or otherwise indicates
that it is issued by a forwarding agent acting as a carrier or agent
of a named carrier.
Notes:
★ a forwarding agent运输行
★ a transport document运输单据
★ the FIATA国际运输商协会联合会
★ combined Transport Bill of Lading approved联合运输提单
★ the International Chamber of Commerce国际商会
★ carrier承运人
4) 如属海运或多种类型运输中包括海运，除非信用证特别授权，银行将拒受注明货装舱面或将装舱面的运输单据。
In the case of carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport
including carriage by sea, banks will refuse a transport document
stating that the goods are or will be loaded on deck, unless otherwise
specifically specified and authorized in the credit.
Notes:
★ carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport海运或多种类型运输
★ be loaded on deck装舱面
★ unless otherwise specifically specified and authorized in the
credit除非信用证特别授权
5) 除非信用证另有规定，银行将接受表明以信用证受益人以外的第三者作为发货人的运输单据。
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will accept transport
documents indicating the third party other than the beneficiary
of the credit as the consignor of the goods.
Notes:
★ the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit信用证受益人以外的第三者
★ the consignor of the goods发货人
6) 除非信用证另有规定，商业发票必须做到以信用申请人为抬头。
除非信用证另有规定，银行可拒受其金额超过信用证允许金额的商业发票。
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, commercial invoices shall
be made out in the name of the applicant for the credit.
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks may refuse commercial
invoices issued with amounts exceeding that specified and permitted
by the credit.
Notes:
★ commercial invoices商业发票
★ in the name of the applicant for the credit信用申请人为抬头
★ may refuse commercial invoices issued with amounts exceeding that
specified and permitted by the credit 可拒受其金额超过信用证允许金额的商业发票
★ that specified and permitted by the credit: the amount specified
and permitted by the credit. 信用证允许金额
7) 本合同条款中，无论何处提及由任何人发出或颁发任何通知、同意、批准、证明或决定，除合同另有说明者外，均指书面的通知、同意、批准、证明或决定，而通知、证明或决定字样均应据此解释。对于任何此类同意、批准、证明或决定都不应被无故扣压或拖延。
Wherever, in the provisions of this Contract, any such notice, consent,
approval, certificate or determination as are made and issued by
any person are mentioned, unless otherwise specified in this Contract,
such notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination shall
be in writing, and the words “notify”, “certify” or “determine”
shall be construed accordingly. Provided that any such consent,
approval, certificate or determination shall not unreasonably be
withheld or delayed.
Notes:
★ in the provisions of this Contract本合同条款中
★ notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination通知、同意、批准、证明或决定
★ shall be construed accordingly据此解释
★ shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed都不应被无故扣压或拖延
8) 除在合同中明确规定外，工程师无权解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务。
Unless otherwise expressly specified in the Contract, the Engineer
shall have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his
obligations under the Contract.
Notes:
★ have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations
under the Contract无权解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务
★ relieve sb. of sth解除
9) 除另有约定外，所有的费用和支出，如电讯费，差旅费以及其他有关商品销售的费用，都应由代理商承担。除此以外，代理商还应承担维持其办公处的费用，及其它履行销售人员义务和代理商执行卖方指示而发生的费用。
Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties to the Contract, all expenses
and disbursements such as cabling, traveling and other expenses
incurred in connection with the sale of products shall be borne
by the Agent. Provided that (In addition) the Agent shall also bear
the expenses for maintaining offices and other expenses for the
performance of the obligations of the Salesmen and the Agent in
conformity with any and all instructions given by Seller.
Notes:
★ all expenses and disbursements所有的费用和支出
★ cabling, traveling电讯费，差旅费
★ Provided that (In addition) 除此以外
★ expenses for maintaining offices维持其办公处的费用
★ the performance of the obligations of the Salesmen履行销售人员义务
10) 除本合同另有明确规定外，代理行没有义务向任何银行说明由于它或它的附属机构贷款而收到的金额或其利润。代理行及其附属机构得向借款人贷款，接受借款人存款，并一般地与借款人进行各种经营活动，如同不是代理行一样。
Unless otherwise expressly provided for in this Contract, the Agent
shall have no obligations to account to any Bank for any amount
received in respect of any Loan maintained by the Agent or any of
its affiliates or for the profits related to the loan. The Agent
and its affiliates may make loans to, accept deposits from, and
generally engage in any kind of business with, the Borrower as though
the Agent in question was not as an Agent.
Notes
See Exercise 10 of Lesson 8 in Unit Two
Lesson Two
In accordance with; under; pursuant to
1) 在FOB条件下，由买方负责按照合同规定的装运日期洽定舱位。
On the FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accordance
with the date of shipment specified in the Contract.
Notes:
★ FOB = Free on board 船上交货。按照1990年1级国际商会《国际贸易术语解释通则》的规定，采用该术语，卖方将货物在合同指定的装运港装到买方的船上，即完成交货。卖方承担货物越过船舷以前的风险和费用。买方则承担其后的一切风险和费用。采用这个术语，在
FOB后面要注明装运港名称，如 FOB Shanghai。
★ book shipping space洽定舱位
★ the date of shipment装运日期
2） 对外贸易经营者依法自主经营、自负盈亏。
Foreign trade dealers shall, in accordance with laws, enjoy full
autonomy in their business operation and be responsible for their
own profits and losses.
Notes:
★ Foreign trade dealers对外贸易经营者
★ full autonomy in their business operation自主经营
★ be responsible for their own profits and losses 自负盈亏
3） 公司职工依法组织工会，开展工会活动，维护职工的合法权益。公司应当为本公司工会提供必要的活动条件。
The staff and workers of a company may, in accordance with laws,
organize a trade union to carry out union activities and protect
the lawful rights and interests of the staff and workers. A company
shall provide the necessary conditions for activities of the trade
union of the company.
Notes:
★ The staff and workers of a company公司职工
★ organize a trade union to carry out union activities组织工会，开展工会活动
★ protect the lawful rights and interests of the staff and workers维护职工的合法权益
★ conditions for activities活动条件
4） 股东不按照前款规定缴纳所认缴的出资，应当向已足额缴纳出资的股东已足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任。
If, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph,
a shareholder fails to pay its subscribed Capital Contribution,
the shareholder in question shall bear the responsibility of default
to the other shareholders who have fully paid their capital contributions.
Notes:
★ subscribed Capital Contribution所认缴的出资
★ shall be bear the responsibility of default承担违约责任
★ the other shareholders who have fully paid their capital contributions已足额缴纳出资的股东
5) 法律、行政法规规定需要经有关部门审批的，应当在申请设立公司登记时提交批准文件。
If, in accordance with any laws or administrative regulations, the
examination and approval from relevant departments are required,
the approval documents shall be submitted when applying to register
the establishment of the company.
Notes:
★ any laws or administrative regulations法律、行政法规
★ the examination and approval审批
★ the approval documents shall be submitted提交批准文件
★ o register the establishment of the company设立登记
6) 国有独资公司设立的董事会，依照本法第四十六条，第六十六条规定行使职权。董事会每届任期为三年。
A wholly state-owned company shall establish a board of directors.
The board shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 46
and Article 66 of this Law, exercise and perform its duties. The
term of office of the board of directors shall be three years.
Notes:
★ A wholly state-owned company国有独资公司
★ a board of directors董事会
★ exercise and perform its duties行使职权
★ 董事会每届任期为三年The term of office of the board of directors shall be
three years.
7) 有限责任公司依法经批准变更为股份有限公司时，折合的股份总额应当相等于公司净资产额。
When, under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities,
a limited liability company is converted into a company limited
by shares. The total amount which shares are converted into shall
be equivalent to the amount of the company’s net assets.
Notes:
★ a limited liability company is converted into a company limited
by shares有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司
★ be equivalent to相等
★ the amount of the company’s net assets公司净资产额
8) 股份有限公司由股东组成股东大会。股东大会是公司的权力机构，依照本法行使职权。
A company limited by shares shall have a shareholder’s general meeting
made up of all shareholders. The shareholders’ general meeting shall,
be the company’s authoritative organization and shall, in accordance
with this law, exercise its powers.
Notes:
★ A company limited by shares股份有限公司
★ shareholder’s general meeting股东大会
★ the company’s authoritative organization公司的权力机构
★ exercise its powers行使职权
9) 国家按照产业政策，引导外商投资方向，鼓励举办采用先进技术、设备、产品全部或者大部分出口的外商投资企业。
The State shall, in accordance with the industrial policies, guide
the orientation of foreign investment and encourage the establishment
of such enterprises with foreign investment as adopt advanced technology
and equipment and as export all or the most of their products.
Notes:
★ the industrial policies产业政策
★ guide the orientation of foreign investment引导外商投资方向
★ encourage the establishment of such enterprises鼓励举办企业
★ export all or the most of their products出口产品全部或者大部分
10) 外商投资企业进行清算时，其资产净额或者剩余财产减除企业未分配利润各项基金和清算费用后的余额，超过实缴资本的部分为清算所得，应当依照本法规定缴纳所得税。
If any enterprise with foreign investment goes into liquidation,
and if the balance of its net assets or the balance of its remaining
property after deduction of the enterprise’s undistributed profit,
various funds and liquidation expenses, exceeds the enterprise’s
paid- in capital, the excess portion shall be liquidation income
on which income tax shall, in accordance with, the provisions of
this Law be paid.
Notes:
★ goes into liquidation进行清算
★ the balance of its net assets资产净额
★ the balance of its remaining property剩余财产
★ the enterprise’s undistributed profit企业未分配利润实缴资本的部分
★ the enterprise’s paid- in capital实缴资本的部分
★ the excess portion超过部分
Lesson Three
In respect of; In respect thereof
1) 县级以上人民政府工商行政管理部门应对不正当竞争行为进行监督检查；法律、行政法规规定由其他部门监督检查的，依照其规定。
The administrative authorities for industry and commerce in the
People’s governments above the county level shall monitor and investigate
acts of unfair competition. Provided that if, in accordance with
the provisions of various law and administrative regulations, those
acts of unfair competition shall be monitored and investigated by
other departments, the provisions in question shall be complied
with.
Notes:
★ The administrative authorities for industry and commerce工商行政管理部门
★ the People’s governments above the county level县级以上人民政府
★ monitor and investigate acts of unfair competition对不正当竞争行为进行监督检查
★ the provisions of various law and administrative regulations法律、行政法规
2) 除非银行另有规定，有关转让的银行费用应由第一受益人支付。在该费用付清之前，转让行无办理转让的义务。
Bank charges in respect of transfers are payable by the first beneficiary
unless otherwise specified by the Bank. The transferring bank shall
have no obligation to effect the transfer until such charges are
paid.
Notes:
★ Bank charges银行费用
★ the first beneficiary第一受益人
★ The transferring bank转拨银行，转让行
★ shall have no obligation to effect the transfer无办理转让的义务
★ until such charges are paid在该费用付清之前
3) 该通知必须说明关于开证行拒受单据的不符点，并说明单据是否代为保存听候处理或退还交单者（寄单行或受益人，视情况而定）。
The notice in question shall state the discrepancies in respect
of which the issuing bank refuses the documents and shall also state
whether the bank will hold the documents waiting for the disposal
of, or it will return them to, the holder of bill of exchange (remitting
bank or the beneficiary, as the case may be).
Notes:
★ The notice in question该通知
★ the discrepancies不符点,指受益人提示的汇票及货运单据与信用证规定不符合。
★ the issuing bank开证行
★ hold the documents waiting for the disposal of the holder of bill
of exchange听候交单者(持票人)处理
★ the beneficiary受益人
★ as the case may be视情况而定
4) 如寄单行提请开证行注意单据中任何不符点或通知开证行：关于该不符点，它已以保留追索权或根据保函进行了付款，承担迟期付款责任、承兑或议付时，开证行不能因此而解除其根据本条文的任何义务。
If the remitting bank draws the attention of the issuing bank to
any discrepancies in the documents，or advises the issuing bank that
the remitting bank has already made payments, and bears the responsibility
for deferred payments, acceptance or negotiation with recourse and
under the guarantee in respect of in discrepancies in question,
the issuing bank shall not be thereby relieved from any of its obligations
under any provisions of this Article.
Notes:
★ bears the responsibility for deferred payments承担迟期付款责任
★ with recourse and under the guarantee以保留追索权或根据保函
★ in respect of the discrepancies in question关于该不符点
★ thereby因此
5) 工程师应在与业主和承包人适当协商后，确定上述额外工程费用的数额，并加到合同总价中去，同时通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主。
The Engineer shall, after due consultation with the Employer and
the Contractor, determine such amount of the costs in respect of
the above-mentioned additional Works as shall be added to the Contract
Price, and shall notify the Contractor of the matter in question
accordingly, with a copy to the Employer.
Notes:
★ after due consultation适当协商后
★ such amount of the costs in respect of the above-mentioned additional
Works上述额外工程费用的数额
★ the Contract Price合同总价
★ shall notify the Contractor of the matter in question accordingly同时通知承包人
★ with a copy to the Employer并将一份副本呈交业主
6) 企业取得的收入为非货币资产或者权益的，其收入额应当参照当时的市场价格计算或者估定。
In respect of income obtained by enterprises in the form of non-monetary
assets or rights and interests, the income in question shall be
computed or appraised at prevailing market prices.
Notes:
★ non-monetary assets or rights and interests非货币资产或者权益
★ shall be computed or appraised at prevailing market prices应当参照当时的市场价格计算或者估定
7) 企业所得为外国货币的，在依照税法第十五条规定分季缴纳所得税时，应当按照季度最后一日的外汇牌价折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额。年终汇算清缴时，对已按季度预缴税款的外国货币所得，不再重新折合计算。对全年未纳税的外国货币所得部分，按照年度最后一日的外汇牌价，折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额。
In respect of income obtained by enterprises in foreign currency,
when, in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of the Tax
Law, the payment of income tax in quarterly installments is made,
the taxable income shall be computed by converting the income into
Renminbi at the exchange rate quotation of the State Administration
of Exchange Control on the last day of the quarter. When, at the
end of the year, the final settlement is made, no re-computation
and re-conversion shall be made in respect of income in a foreign
currency for which tax has already been paid on a quarterly basis.
Provided that if the portion of the foreign currency income of the
entire year for which tax has not been paid, the taxable income
in question shall be computed and converted into Renminbi at the
exchange rate quotation on the last day of the tax year.
Notes:
★ the payment of income tax缴所得税
★ the taxable income应纳税所得额
★ in quarterly installments分季
★ shall be computed by converting the income into Renminbi at the
exchange rate quotation of the State Administration of Exchange
Control on the last day of the quarter应当按照季度最后一日的外汇牌价折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额
★ the final settlement年终汇算
★ no re-computation and re-conversion shall be made不再重新折合计算
8) 企业发生与生产、经营有关的合理的借款利息，应当提供借款付息的证明文件，经当地税务机关审核同意后，准予列支。
Where reasonable interest payments incurred on loans in connection
with production and business operation, the enterprises shall submit
the proof documents in respect of the loans and interest payments.
The interest payments in question shall, after the examination and
verification and approval by the local tax authorities, be permitted
to be itemized.
Notes:
★ reasonable interest payments incurred on loans合理的借款利息
★ in connection with production and business operation与生产、经营有关的
★ the proof documents证明文件
★ after the examination and verification and approval by the local
tax authorities经当地税务机关审核同意后
★ shall be permitted to be itemized准予列支,指详细列明
9) 对于固定资产的折旧计算，应当估价残值，从固定资产原价中减除。残值应当不低于原价的百分之十；需要少留或者不留残值的，须经当地税务机关批准。
In respect of the computation of depreciation of fixed assets, the
salvage value shall first be estimated and deducted from the original
cost of the asset. The salvage value shall not be less than 10%
of the original value. Provided that if any retaining a lower salvage
value or no salvage value is requested, the matter in question shall
be approved by the local tax authorities.
Notes:
★ the computation of depreciation of fixed assets固定资产的折旧计算
★ the salvage value残值
★ the original cost of the asset固定资产原价
★ if any retaining a lower salvage value or no salvage value is
requested需要少留或者不留残值的
10) 固定资产折旧的最短年限如下：
（一） 房屋、建筑物，为二十年；
（二） 火车、轮船、机器、机械和其他生产设备，为十年。
The minimum useful life in respect of the depreciation of fixed
assets shall be as follows:
(1) 20 years for houses and buildings, and
(2) 10 years for railway rolling stock, boats and ships, machinery
and other production equipment.
Lesson Four
notwithstanding
1) 虽有本细则第九十一条的规定，当负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额时，当地税务机关可以对其应纳税的所得总额，按照营业收入比例、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例,在各营业机构之间合理分配。
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations,
when a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing
fails to compute the taxable income of different business establishments
appropriately on a separate basis, the local tax authorities may
make a reasonable apportionment of the taxable income among these
business establishments, under their respective proportion of business
income, costs and expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers,
or the amount of wages.
Notes:
★ a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构
★ fails to compute the taxable income of different business establishments
appropriately on a separate basis不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额
★ the local tax authorities may make a reasonable apportionment
of the taxable income among these business establishments当地税务机关可以在各营业机构之间合理分配
★ under their respective proportion of business income, costs and
expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers, or the amount
of wages按照营业收入比例、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例
2) 尽管有65.1款的规定，但如果发生因运输材料或设备而对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害时，承包人在得知此类损害之后，或者收到有权提出此类索赔机构的任何索赔要求之后，应立即通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交给业主。
If, notwithstanding sub-Clause 65.1, any damage occurs to any bridge
or road communicating with or on the routes to the site due to the
transport of materials or plant, the Contractor shall notify the
Engineer of the matter in question, with a copy to the Employer,
as soon as he becomes aware of such damage or as soon as he receive
any claim from the authority entitled to make such claim.
Notes:
★ any damage occurs to any bridge or road communicating with or
on the routes to the site对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害
★ due to the transport of materials or plant因运输材料或设备
★ the authority entitled to make such claim有权提出此类索赔机构
3) 工程师有权随时对下列事项发出指示：1）尽管事先已对其进行过任何检验或临时付款，但对工程师认为任何工程因以下各项不符合合同规定的，均应拆除并重新施工：（1）材料、工程设备或工艺；或（2）由承包人设计或承包人对其负有责任的设计。
The Engineer shall，from time to time, have authority to issue instructions
on the following matters that: 1) any works shall, in the opinion
of the Engineer, be removed and re-executed, notwithstanding any
previous test thereof or interim payment therefor, because the following
items fail to meet the requirement and provisions of the Contract:
(i) the materials, Plant or workmanship, or
(ii) the design by the Contractor or for which he is responsible.
Notes:
★ have authority to issue instructions on the following matters有权对下列事项发出指示
★ in the opinion of the Engineer工程师认为
★ any works shall be removed and re-executed任何工程应拆除并重新施工
★ fail to meet the requirement and provisions of the Contract不符合合同规定
★ workmanship工艺
4) 尽管本合同有其它规定，如果承包人根据本合同的任何条款或其他有关规定打算索取任何追加付款的话，他都应在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内，将其索赔意向通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交业主。
Notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor
intends to claim any additional payment pursuant to any Clause of
these Conditions or other provisions, the Contractor in question
shall, within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has
first arisen, notify the Engineer of his intention, with a copy
to the Employer.
Notes:
★ intends to claim any additional payment打算索取任何追加付款
★ within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first
arisen在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内
★ notify the Engineer of his intention将其索赔意向通知工程师
5) 无论通常的和当地的习惯如何，工程计量应该计量净值，但合同另有规定除外。
The Works shall be measured net, notwithstanding any general or
local custom except where otherwise provided for in the contract.
Notes:
★ The Works shall be measured net工程计量应该计量净值
★ any general or local custom通常的和当地的习惯
6) 尽管有本条款或任何其它合同条款的规定，在承包人提交履约保证并经业主批准之前，工程师不对任何支付款额开具证书。
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Clause or any other Clause
of the Contract, no payment certificates shall be issued by the
Engineer until the performance security is submitted by the Contractor
under the Contract and approved by the Employer.
Notes:
★ payment certificates支付款证书
★ the performance security履约保证
7) 尽管颁发了缺陷责任证书，但承包人和业主仍应对在缺陷责任证书颁发时尚未履行的义务承担责任。为了确定任何此类义务的性质和范围，合同应被认为对合同双方仍然有效。
Notwithstanding the issue of the Defects Liability Certificate,
the Contractor and the Employer shall remain liable for the fulfillment
of any outstanding obligations incurred under the provisions of
the Contract when the Defects Liability Certificate is issued. To
determine the nature and extent of the obligation in question, the
Contract shall be deemed to remain in force and be binding upon
the parties thereto.
Notes:
★ the Defects Liability Certificate缺陷责任证书
★ any outstanding obligations尚未履行的义务
★ To determine the nature and extent of the obligation in question为了确定任何此类义务的性质和范围
★ remain in force 合同应仍然有效
Lesson Five
In the event that; In the event of
1) 在任何一方未能履行协议规定的条款或条件，并在收到另一方书面通知之后90天内对其不履行进行补救，发出通知的一方可立即通知另一方终止本协议。
In the event that either party hereto fails to comply with the terms
or conditions of this Agreement, and, within 90 days after the written
notice is issued by the other Party hereof, fails to remedy such
failure, the Party giving notice may, forthwith, notify the other
Party of the matter in question and terminate this Agreement.
Notes:
★ fails to comply with the terms or conditions of this Agreement未能履行协议规定的条款或条件
★ within 90 days after the written notice is issued by the other
Party hereof, fails to remedy such failure在收到另一方书面通知之后90天内对其不履行进行补救
★ the Party giving notice发出通知的一方
★ terminate this Agreement终止本协议
2) 任何一方可以在对方破产或资不抵债的情况下终止本协议。
Either Party hereto may terminate this Agreement in the event of
the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party.
Notes:
★bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party对方破产或资不抵债
3) 扣缴义务人员依法履行代扣、代收税款义务时，纳税人不得拒绝。纳税人拒绝的，扣缴义务人应当及时报告税务机关处理。
A taxpayer shall not prevent a withholding agent from fulfilling
its obligations of withholding or collecting tax in accordance with
the Law. In the event that the taxpayer prevents a withholding agent
from fulfilling its obligations, the withholding agent shall promptly
report the case in question to the tax authorities.
Notes:
★ A taxpayer纳税人
★ a withholding agent扣缴义务人
★ prevents a withholding agent from fulfilling its obligations拒绝扣缴义务人员履行代扣、代收税款义务
★ the tax authorities税务机关
4) 纳税人有下列情形之一的，税务机关有权核定其应纳税额。
（一） 依照本法规定可以不设置帐簿的；
（二） 依照本法规定应当设置但未设置帐簿的。
The tax authorities shall have the right to assess the amount of
tax payable by the taxpayer, in the event that the taxpayer has
one of the following circumstances that:
(1) accounting book are not kept in accordance with this Law; and
(2) accounting book are required to be kept under this Law but have
not been kept.
5) 纳税人在前款规定的限期内缴纳税款的，税务机关必须立即解除税收保全措施。
In the event that the taxpayer makes the tax payment within the
time limit specified in the preceding Paragraph, the tax authorities
shall immediately lift the conditions for retaining tax revenue.
Notes:
★ within the time limit specified in the preceding Paragraph在前款规定的限期内
★ lift the conditions for retaining tax revenue立即解除税收保全措施
6) 企业遇特殊原因，不能按照税法规定期限报送所得税申报表和会计决算报表的，应当在报送期限内提出申请，经当地税务机关批准，可以适当延长。
In the event that, within the time limit prescribed by the Tax Law,
an Enterprise fails to submit the income tax returns and the final
accounting statement due to special reasons, an application for
extension shall, within the filing time limit, be made by the Enterprise
to the local tax authorities, and the filing time limit may, after
the consent and approval by the local authorities, be extended appropriately.
Notes:
★ the income tax returns所得税申报表,returns:申报表
★ he final accounting statement会计决算报表
★ due to special reasons因特殊原因
★ within the filing time limit在报送期限内,filing:报送,申报
★ the consent and approval by the local authorities当地税务机关批准
★ be extended appropriately 适当延长
7) 纳税义务人或者扣缴义务人未按照规定接受税务机关检查的，或者未按照税务机关规定的期限缴纳滞纳金的，当地税务机关可以根据情节轻重，处以五千元以下的罚款。
In the event that any taxpayer or withholding agent fails to accept
the examination of the tax authorities in accordance with the relevant
provisions, or fails to pay the late-payment penalty within the
time limit specified by the tax authorities, the local tax authorities
may, under the seriousness of the case, impose a penalty of not
more than RMB 5000 yuan.
Notes:
★ accept the examination of the tax authorities接受税务机关检查
★ to pay the late-payment penalty缴纳滞纳金
★ under the seriousness of the case根据情节轻重
★ impose a penalty of not more than RMB 5000 yuan处以五千元以下的罚款
8) 企业违反本细则第八十七条、第九十条第二款，第九十五条、第九十六条、第九十七条、第九十九第、第一百条、第一进零一条规定的，税务机关可以根据情节轻重，处以五千元以下的罚款。
In the event that any enterprise violates the provisions of Article
87, Article 90 Paragraph 2, Article 95, Article 96, Article 97,
Article 99, Article 100 and Article 101 of these Regulations, the
tax authorities may, in accordance with the seriousness of the case,
impose a penalty of not more than RMB 5000 yuan.
Notes:
★ any enterprise violates the provisions of these Regulations违反本细则
9) 当双方意见不一致时，工程师应确定他认为合适的此类单价或价格，并相应地通知承包人，同时将一份副本呈交业主。在单价或价格经同意或决定之前，工程师应确定暂行单价或价格，以便根据第92条按暂付款将其包含在发出的支付证书中。
In the event of disagreement between the Parties to the Contract,
the Engineer shall, in his opinion, determine such rate or price
as is appropriate, and shall notify the Contractor accordingly,
with a copy to the Employer. Before the rate or price in question
is approved and determined officially, the Engineer shall determine
provisional rates or prices which will be included in payment certificates
issued by the Engineer in accordance with Clause 92.
Notes:
★ disagreement between the Parties to the Contract双方意见不一致
★ shall, in his opinion, determine such rate or price as is appropriate确定他认为合适的此类单价或价格
★ provisional rates or prices暂行单价或价格
★ payment certificates支付证书
10) 如果业主按第88.5款签订了租用承包人设备的任何协议，业主根据该协议正当支付的所有款项及所有由于签订该协议所发生的费用（包括印花税），均应视为根据第95条实施和完成工程以及修补其任何缺陷的专用的一部分。
In the event that, pursuant to Sub-Clause 88.5, the Employer enters
into any agreement on leasing the Contractor’s Equipment, all sums
properly paid by the Employer under the provisions of this Agreement
and all costs incurred by him (including stamp duties) in the conclusion
of this Agreement, shall, under Clause 95, be deemed to be part
of the cost of the execution and the completion of the Works and
the remedying of any defects therein.
Notes:
★ on leasing the Contractor’s Equipment租用承包人设备
★ in the conclusion of this Agreement签订该协议
★ stamp duties印花税
★ the execution and the completion of the Works and the remedying
of any defects therein实施和完成工程以及修补其任何缺陷
Lesson Six
Provided that
1) 不可撤销信用证，应被认为构成开证行的确定承诺。在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时,如系即期付款信用证,则进行付款或保证该款的照付。
An irrevocable credit shall be deemed to constitute a definite undertaking
of the issuing bank. Provided that if the stipulated documents are
presented and are complied with the terms, conditions and provisions
of the credit, and if the credit provides for sight payment, the
payment shall be made or shall be guaranteed to be made.
Notes:
★ An irrevocable credit不可撤销信用证
★ shall be deemed to constitute a definite undertaking of the issuing
bank应被认为构成开证行的确定承诺
★ the credit provides for sight payment即期付款信用证
★ the payment shall be made or shall be guaranteed to be made则进行付款或保证该款的照付
2) 当开证行授权或要求另一银行保兑其不可撤销信用证，而后者已照加保兑时，该保兑构成该银行（保兑行）在开证行承诺以外的确定承诺。在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时,如系即期付款信用证,则进行付款或保证该款的照付。
When an issuing bank authorizes or request another bank to confirm
its irrevocable credit and the latter has added its confirmation,
such confirmation constitutes a definite undertaking of such bank
(the confirming bank), in addition to that of the issuing bank.
Provided that if the stipulated documents are presented and are
complied with the terms, conditions and provisions of the credit,
and if the credit provides for sight payment, the payment will be
made or shall be guaranteed to be made.
Notes:
★ the latter has added its confirmation而后者已照加保兑
★ the confirming bank保兑行
3) 国有独资公司不设股东会，由国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门，授权公司董事会行使股东会的部分职权，决定公司的重大事项，但公司的合并、分立、解散、增减资本和发行公司债券，必须由国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门决定。
A wholly state-owned company has no shareholders’ meetings. The
company’s board of directors shall be authorized by the state-authorized
investment institution or the state-authorized department to exercise
part of the powers of the shareholders’ meetings, and to decide
on the major issues of the company. Provided that if the decisions
on merger, division, dissolution of the company, increase or decrease
in capital and issue of corporate bonds shall be made and decided,
the decisions in question shall be made by the state-authorized
investment institution or the state-authorized department.
Notes:
★ A wholly state-owned company国有独资公司
★ has no shareholders’ meetings不设股东会
★ The company’s board of directors公司董事会
★ the major issues of the company公司的重大事项
★ merger, division, dissolution of the company, increase or decrease
in capital and issue of corporate bonds公司的合并、分立、解散、增减资本和发行公司债券
★ the state-authorized investment institution or the state-authorized
department国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门
4) 税收的开征、停征以及减税、免税、退税、补税，依照法律的规定执行；法律授权国务院规定的，依照国务院制定的行政法规的规定执行。
The collection of tax or the cessation thereof, the reduction, exemption
and refund of tax as well as the payment of tax unpaid shall be
implemented in accordance with the law. Provided that if, under
the law, the State Council is authorized to formulate and prepare
the relevant provision.
Notes:
★ The collection of tax or the cessation thereof税收的开征、停征
★ the reduction, exemption and refund of tax减税、免税、退税
★ the payment of tax unpaid补税
★ under the law, the State Council is authorized to formulate and
prepare the relevant provision法律授权国务院规定的
5) 工程师可行使合同中规定的或者合同中必然隐含的权力。但是，如果根据业主任命的工程师的条件，要求工程师在行使上述权力之前，应得业主的具体批准，则此类要求的细节应在本合同予以表明。
The Engineer may exercise such authority as is specified or necessarily
implied in the Contract. Provided that if, under the terms and conditions
of the appointment by the Employer, the Engineer shall be required
to obtain the specific approval of the Employer before exercising
any such authority, the details of the requirements in question
shall be specified in the Contract.
Notes:
★ such the authority as is specified or necessarily implied in the
Contract合同中规定的或者合同中必然隐含的权力
★ the Engineer shall be required to obtain the specific approval
of the Employer要求工程师应得业主的具体批准
6) 工程师应以书面形式发出指示，若工程师认为由于某种原因有必要以口头形式发出任何此类指示，承包人应遵守该指示。
Instructions given by the Engineer shall be in writing. Provided
that if, for any reason, the engineer considers it necessary to
give any such instruction orally, the Contractor shall comply with
such instruction.
Notes:
★ Instructions given by the Engineer shall be in writing. 工程师应以the
engineer considers it necessary to give any such instruction orally工程师认为由于某种原因有必要以口头形式发出任何此类指示
7) 但是，业主应通知承包人何时协商解决办法，业主应在此类解决办法达成协议之前与承包人进行协商。
Provided that also that the Employer shall notify the Contractor
when a settlement is to be negotiated, the Employer shall consult
with the Contractor before such settlement is agreed.
Notes:
★ a settlement is to be negotiated何时协商解决办法
★ consult with the Contractor与承包人进行协商
8) 在颁发任何移交证书时，承包人应从现场清除并运出承包人的全部设备、多余材料、垃圾和各种临时工程，并保持现场和工程清洁整齐，达到工程师满意。但承包人应有权在现场保留为完成在缺陷责任期内的修补工程中缺陷所需的那些材料。承包人的设备和临时工程，直至缺陷责任期结束。
Upon the issue of any Taking-Over Certificate，the Contractor shall
clear away and remove from the site all Contractor’s Equipment,
surplus materials, rubbish and Temporary Works of every kind, and
leave the site and Works clean, to the satisfaction of the engineer.
Provided that the Contractor shall be entitled to retain on site,
such materials, Contractor’s Equipment and Temporary Works as are
required for remedying any defects in the Works until the end of
the Defects Liability Period.
Notes:
★ the issue of any Taking-Over Certificate颁发任何移交证书时
★ the Contractor shall clear away and remove from the site all Contractor’s
Equipment, surplus materials, rubbish and Temporary Works of every
kind承包人应从现场清除并运出承包人的全部设备、多余材料、垃圾和各种临时工程
★ leave the site and Works clean保持现场和工程清洁整齐
★ to the satisfaction of the engineer达到工程师满意
★ the Defects Liability Period缺陷责任期
9) 上述变更不应以任何方式使合同作废或失效，所有上述变更应按第84条估价。由于承包人的违约或毁约，工程师有必要发出指示变更工程，则任何由此类违约造成的附加费用应由承包人承担。
No such variation shall, in any way, vitiate or invalidate the contract,
and all such variations shall be valued in accordance with Clause
84. Provided that the Engineer shall issue an instruction to vary
the Works duo to the default or breach of Contract by the Contractor,
the additional cost attributable to the default in question shall
be borne by the Contractor.
Notes:
★ vitiate or invalidate the contract使合同作废或失效
★ shall be valued in accordance with Clause 84应按第84条估价
★ the Engineer shall issue an instruction to vary the Works工程师有必要发出指示变更工程
★ duo to the default or breach of Contract by the Contractor由于承包人的违约或毁约
★ the additional cost attributable to the default in question the
additional cost attributable to the default in question
Lesson Seven
Be deemed
1) 如无该项表示，信用证应视作是可撤销的。
In the absence of such indication, the Credit shall be deemed to
be revocable.
Notes:
★the Credit shall be deemed to be revocable信用证应视作是可撤销的
2) 如果开证行规定信用证有效期为“一个月”，“六个月”或类似情况，但未列明自何时起算时，开证行的开证日期将被认为是起算日。银行应劝阻此种表明信用证到期日的做法。
If an issuing bank states that the credit is to be available “for
one month”, “for six months” or the like. Provided that if the issuing
bank fails to specify the initial day, the date of issuance of the
credit by the issuing bank shall be deemed to be the initial day.
Banks shall discourage such practice of indicating the expiry date
of the credit.
Notes:
★ the credit is to be available “for one month”, “for six months”
or the like信用证有效期为“一个月”，“六个月”或类似情况
★ the date of issuance of the credit by the issuing bank shall be
deemed to be the initial day开证行的开证日期将被认为是起算日
★ Banks shall discourage such practice of indicating the expiry
date of the credit银行应劝阻此种表明信用证到期日的做法
3) 就本条文而言，运输单据的出单日期将被认为是运输单据上表明的出单日期或收到戳记日期，两者中之较迟者.
For the purpose of these articles, the date of issuance of a transport
document(s) shall be deemed to be the later date between such date
of issuance and/or such date of the reception stamp as is indicated
on the transport document.
Notes:
★ For the purpose of these articles就本条文而言
★ date of the reception stamp收到戳记日期
4) 工程师可在其口头指示执行之前或之后，用书面形式对其口头指示加以确认，在这种情况下应认为此类指示是符合本款规定的。
Th Engineer may, whether before or after the carrying out of his
oral instruction, confirm in writing the oral instruction given
by the Engineer. In such case, the instruction in question shall
be deemed to be an instruction within the meaning of this Sub- Clause.
Notes:
★ whether before or after the carrying out of his oral instruction在其口头指示执行之前或之后
★ be an instruction within the meaning of this Sub- Clause此类指示是符合本款规定的
5) 若承包人在7天之内，用书面形式确认工程师口头指示，并且工程师在7天之内没有对该确认加以否认，则此项指示应视为是工程师的指示。
If, within 7 days, the Contractor confirm in writing to the Engineer
any oral instruction of the Engineer, and such confirmation is not
contradicted in writing 7 days by the Engineer, the oral instruction
in question shall be deemed to be an instruction of the Engineer.
Notes:
★ he Contractor confirm in writing to the Engineer any oral instruction
of the Engineer用书面形式确认工程师口头指示
★ such confirmation is not contradicted in writing 7 days by the
Engineer工程师在7天之内没有对该确认加以否认
6) 本条款的执行并不意味工程师对用于工程中材料或其他事项的任何批准，也不应阻止工程师在任何时候对任何上述材料的拒绝。
The execution of this Clause shall not be deemed to imply any approval
by the Engineer of the materials or other matters for incorporation
in the Works nor shall it prevent the rejection of any such materials
at any time by the Engineer.
Notes:
★ The execution of this Clause本条款的执行
★ imply any approval by the Engineer of the materials or other matters
for incorporation in the Works意味工程师对用于工程中材料或其他事项的任何批准
★ it: the execution of this Clause
★ prevent the rejection of any such materials at any time by the
Engineer也不应阻止工程师在任何时候对任何上述材料的拒绝
7) 业主或工程师不应要求承包人或认为承包人有任何义务去雇用指定分包人。承包人有理由反对雇用任何拒绝按下述规定签订分包合同的指定分包人。
The Contractor shall not be required by the Employer or the Engineer,
or be deemed to have any obligation, to employ any nominated Subcontractor.
Provided that the Contractor shall have the right and reason to
reject the employment of any such nominated Subcontractor who declines
to enter into a subcontract with the Contractor under the following
provisions of the Contract.
Notes:
★ nominated Subcontractor指定分包人
★ to reject the employment of any such nominated Subcontractor反对雇用指定分包人
★ declines to enter into a subcontract with the Contractor under
the following provisions of the Contract拒绝按下述规定签订分包合同
8) 代理行和各行之间的关系仅为代理人和本人的关系，该种关系决不能将代理行视为任何银行的信托受托人，或对代理人附加本合同明示条款规定以外的任何义务。
The relationship between the Agent and each Bank is that of the
agent and the principal only. Provided that the relationship in
question shall not be deemed to constitute the Agent a trustee for
any Bank or impose on the Agent any obligations other than the obligations
specified in the provisions of this Contract.
Notes:
★ the agent and the principal代理人和本人
★ to constitute the Agent a trustee for any Bank视为任何银行的信托受托人
Lesson Eight
In question
1) 甲方同意从乙方获得，乙方同意向甲方转让合同产品的专利技术。这种技术应与乙方最新产品的技术完全一致。
Party A agrees to acquire from Party B and Party B agrees to transfer
to Party A the patented Technology for Contract Products. The Patented
Technology in question shall be the same technology as the technology
of Party B’s latest products.
Notes:
★ the patented Technology专利技术
★ Contract Products合同产品
★ the same…… as和…..一样
★ the technology of latest products最新产品的技术
2) 仲裁将在瑞典斯德哥尔摩进行，由斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院根据该院的章程进行仲裁。
The arbitration shall take place in Stockholm, Sweden, and shall
be conducted by the arbitration tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber
of Commerce in accordance with the statutes of the tribunal in question.
Notes:
★ arbitration仲裁
★ the arbitration tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院
★ the statutes of the tribunal in question该院的章程
3) 以文物、野生动植物及其产品等货物、物品，其他法律、行政法规有禁止进出口或者限制进出口规定的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定办理。
Where the import or export of goods, articles such as cultural relics,
wildlife animals, plants and the products thereof are prohibited
or restricted by other laws or administrative regulations, the provisions
of the laws and regulations in question shall be observed.
Notes:
★ cultural relics文物
★ wildlife animals, plants野生动植物
★ the products thereof其产品
★ laws or administrative regulations法律、行政法规
4) 公开发行股票，必须依照公司法规定的条件，报经国务院证券监督管理机构核准。发行人必须向国务院证券监督管理机构提交公司法规的申请文件和国务院证券监督管理机构规定的有关文件。
Public offers of shares shall, in accordance with the conditions
provided for in the Company Law, be reported to the securities regulatory
authority under the State Council for verification. The issuer shall
submit to the authority in question the application documents specified
in the company law and the relevant documents specified by the authority
in question.
Notes:
★ Public offers of shares公开发行股票
★ the Company Law公司法
★ the securities regulatory authority under the State Council国务院证券监督管理机构
★ for verification核准
★ the application documents申请文件
5) 证券公司承销证券，应当对公开发行募集文件的真实性、准确性、完整性进行核查；发现含有虚假记载、误导性陈述或者重大遣漏的，不得进行销售活动；已经销售，必须立即停止销售活动，并采取纠正措施。
To underwrite securities, a securities company shall examine the
truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of the public offer documents.
Provided that if the securities company finds any falsehoods, misleading
statements or major omissions in documents in question, it shall
not carry out the sales activities. Provided also that if the securities
company has already begun to sell such securities, it shall immediately
discontinue the sales activities and adopt remedial measures.
Notes:
★ To underwrite securities承销证券
★ examine the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of the public
offer documents真实性、准确性、完整性进行核查
★ finds any falsehoods, misleading statements or major omissions
in documents in question发现含有虚假记载、误导性陈述或者重大遣漏的
★ the sales activities销售活动
★ adopt remedial measures采取纠正措施
6) 为股票发行出具审计报告、资产评估报告或者法律意见书等文件的专业机构和人员，在该股票承销期内和期满后六个月内，不得买卖该种股票。
Professional institutions and individuals that produce documents
such as audit reports, asset appraisal reports and legal opinions
for share issuance may not purchase or sell the shares in question
during the underwriting period for shares in question and within
six months after the expiration thereof.
Notes:
★ Professional institutions and individuals专业机构和人员
★ audit reports审计报告
★ asset appraisal reports资产评估报告
★ legal opinions for share issuance法律意见书
★ during the underwriting period for shares in question在该股票承销期内
★ within six months after the expiration thereof期满后六个月内
7) 股票上市交易申请经国务院证券监督管理机构核准后，其发行人应当向证券交易所提交核准文件和前款规定的有关文件。
证券交易所应当自接到该股票发行人提交的前款规定的文件之日起六个月内，安排该股票上市交易。
After an application for share listing is verified by the securities
regulatory authority under the State Council, the issuer shall submit
to the stock exchange the verification document and the relevant
documents specified in the preceding paragraph.
The stock exchange shall make arrangements for the listing and trading
of the shares in question within six months from such date of receiving
the documents submitted by the issuer of the shares as is specified
in the preceding paragraph.
Notes:
★ share listing股票上市
★ the verification document核准文件
★ make arrangements for the listing and trading of the shares in
question安排该股票上市交易
★ within six months from such date of receiving the documents submitted
by the issuer of the shares as is specified in the preceding paragraph自接到该股票发行人提交的前款规定的文件之日起六个月内
★ the issuer of the shares股票发行人
★ the preceding paragraph前款
8) 股票上市交易申请经证券交易所同意后，上市公司应当在上市交易的五日前公告经核准的股票上市的有关文件，并将该文件置备于指定场所供公众查阅。
After an application for share listing obtains consent from the
stock exchange, the listed company shall, five days prior to the
listing, announce the verified documents relating to the said share
listing and make documents in question available at designated places
for the public to consult.
Notes:
★ the listed company上市公司
★ make documents in question available at designated places for
the public to consult将该文件置备于指定场所供公众查阅
Lesson Nine
In case; In case of; In the case of……在……情况
1） 在货物运抵目的港后，一旦发现货物质量、数量或重量与合同规定的不符，买方可以根据双方同意的检验组织所出具的检验证书，向卖方索赔。但是，应由保险公司或航运公司负责的损失除外。
In case the quality, quantity, weight of the goods are not in conformity
with the provisions of the Contract after arrival of the goods at
the port of destination, the Buyer may, under survey report issued
by an inspection organization and agreed by the parties thereto,
lodge claim with the Seller, with the exception, however, of those
claims for which the insurance company and/ or the shipping company
shall be responsible.
Notes:
★ are not in conformity with the provisions of the Contract与合同规定的不符
★ under survey report issued by an inspection organization and agreed
by the parties thereto根据双方同意的检验组织所出具的检验证书
★ lodge claim with the Seller向卖方索赔
★ the shipping company航运公司
2） 如属海运或多种类型运输中包括海运，除非信用证特别授权，银行将拒受注明货装舱面或将装舱面的运输单据。
In the case of carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport
including carriage by sea, banks will refuse a transport document
stating that the goods are or will be loaded on deck, unless specifically
authorized in the credit.
Notes:
★ more than one mode of transport多种类型运输
★ carriage by sea海运
★ will be loaded on deck货装舱面
★ unless specifically authorized in the credit除非信用证特别授权
3) 就本条文而言，运输单据的出单日期将被认为是：
i) 如系证明航空运输单据——运输单据上表明的出单日期，或者，如信用 证规定运输单据必须表明实际飞行日期时，则为运输单据上表明的实际
飞行日期。
For the purpose of these articles, the date of issuance of a transport
document(s) will be deemed to be:
i) the date of issuance indicated on the transport document in case
a transport document evidences carriage by air or, the actual flight
date as indicated on the transport document if the credit stipulates
that the transport document shall indicate an actual flight date.
Notes:
★ For the purpose of these articles就本条文而言
★ in case a transport document evidences carriage by air如系证明航空运输单据
★ the actual flight date实际 飞行日期
4) 如上述技术资料由乙方或任何第三方部分或全部公开，则甲方对已公开的技术不再承担保密义务。
In case any part(s) or all of the above-mentioned technical information
have been made public by Party B or any third Party, Party A shall
not be borne for the obligation of keeping secret of the part(s)
or all of the technology already published.
Notes:
★ technical information技术资料
★ for the obligation of keeping secret of the part(s) or all of
the technology already published不再承担保密义务
5) 如乙方支付的货款不能相抵甲方所开的远期信用证之金额，其差额部分由乙方用预付款方式，在甲方所开的远期信用证到期前汇付甲方，以使甲方能按时议付远期信用证。
In case the money to be paid by Party B is not enough to cover the
value of the long-term L/C opened by Party A, the margin payments
shall be made by Party B with the down payment before the long-term
L/C expires, in order to enable Party A to pay the long-term L/C
on time.
Notes:
★ the money to be paid by Party B is not enough to cover the value
of the long-term L/C opened by Party A支付的货款不能相抵甲方所开的远期信用证之金额
★ the margin payments其差额
★ the down payment预付款方
6) 如果出现产品不符合甲方标准的情况，甲方可拒绝收货。但甲方可根据甲乙双方视每次具体情况的折扣议价予以接受。
In case the products fail to meet the standards of Party A, Party
A may refuse the delivery. Provided that Party A may accept the
delivery of the products at the discount price to be agreed between
Party A and Party B on a cause-by-case basis.
Notes:
★ fail to meet the standards of Party A不符合甲方标准的情况
★ refuse the delivery拒绝收货
★ at the discount price折扣议价
★ on a cause-by-case basis视每次具体情况
7) 因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同发生的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如经协商仍达不成协议时，则应提交仲裁解决。
All disputes arising from the execution of or in connection with
the Contract shall, through friendly consultations, be settled by
the Parties to this Contract. In case, through consultations, the
Parties hereto fail to reach the agreement on the disputes, the
disputes in question shall be submitted for arbitration.
Notes:
★ All disputes arising from the execution of or in connection with
the Contract因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同发生的一切争议
★ the disputes in question shall be submitted for arbitration则应提交仲裁解决
8) 当承包人未能在合理的时间内执行这些指示，业主有权雇用他人从事该项工作，并给付报酬。如果工程师认为该项工作按合同规定应由承包人自费进行，则在与业主和承包人协商之后，工程师应确定所有由此造成或随之产生的费用，此费用应由业主向承包人索取，并可由业主从其应支付或将支付给承包人的款项中扣除，工程师应相应地通知承包商，并将一份副本呈交业主。
In case, within a reasonable time, the Contractor fails to carry
out such instruction, the Employer shall be entitled to employ and
pay other persons to carry out the same. Provided that if, in the
opinion of the Engineer, the Contractor is liable to do such work
at his own cost under the Contract, all the costs in question consequent
thereon or incidental thereto shall, after due consultation with
the Employer and the Contractor, be determined by the Engineer,
and shall be recoverable from the Contractor by the Employer, and
may be deducted by the Employer from any monies due or to become
due to the Contractor. The Engineer shall notify the Contractor
accordingly, with a copy to the Employer.
Notes:
★ the same: such instruction
★ in the opinion of the Engineer工程师认为
★ all the costs in question consequent thereon or incidental thereto所有由此造成或随之产生的费用
★ may be deducted by the Employer from any monies due or to become
due to the Contractor可由业主从其应支付或将支付给承包人的款项中扣除
Lesson Ten
Be liable for; be liable to
1) 如果买方船只按时到达装运港，而卖方不能按规定的时间备妥货物以待装船，则由此而产生的空舱费及滞期费应由卖方负担。
Should the carrying vessel has arrived at the port of shipment as
advised and the Seller fails to have the quantity of the goods ready
for loading in time as specified, the Seller shall be liable for
any dead freight or demurrage,
Notes:
★ dead freight空舱费
★ demurrage滞期费
★ the carrying vessel买方船只
★ fails to have the quantity of the goods ready for loading in time
as specified不能按规定的时间备妥货物以待装船
2) 甲方不承担由于任何非因部件或零件缺陷而引起的无论是属于根据本担保的任何直接或间接损失的赔偿责任。
Party A shall not, under this guarantee, be liable for any direct
or indirect loss whatsoever arising out of any defect in the parts
or components or any parts thereof.
Notes:
★ under this guarantee根据本担保
★ be liable for any direct or indirect loss任何直接或间接损失的赔偿责任
3) 公司可以向其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司投资，并以该出资额为限对所投资公司承担责任。
A company may invest in other limited liability companies or companies
limited by shares and be liable to the companies which it has invested
in to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies.
Notes:
★ invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited
by shares向其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司投资
★ to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies以该出资额为限
4) 发行人、承销的证券公司公告招股说明书、公司债券募集办法、财务会计报告、上市报告文件、年度报告、中期报告、临时报告，存在虚假记载、误导性陈述或者有重大遣漏，致使投资者在证券交易中遭受损失的，发行人、承销的证券公司应当承担赔偿责任，发行人、承销的证券公司负有责任的董事、监事、经理应当承担连带赔偿责任。
If the share prospectus, measures for offer of corporate bonds,
financial or accounting report, listing report document, annual
report, interim report or ad hoc report announced by an issuer or
securities underwriting company contain or contains any falsehood,
misleading statement or major omission, thus causing losses to investors
in the course of securities trading, the issuer or the company shall
be liable for the losses and the responsible director(s), supervisor(s)
and /or the manager or the issuer or the company shall be jointly
and severally liable for such losses.
Notes:
★ share prospectus招股说明书
★ offer of corporate bonds公司债券募集办法
★ financial or accounting report财务会计报告
★ listing report document上市报告文件
★ annual report年度报告
★ interim report临时报告
★ ad hoc report临时报告
★ an issuer or securities underwriting company 发行人、承销的证券公司
★ shall be jointly and severally liable for such losses应当承担连带赔偿责任
5) 货物到达甲方口岸后，由甲方自行安装。但在主要设备安装过程中，甲方认为需要时，乙方必须派出技术人员进行现场指导，提供必要的技术服务，在此过程中由于技术上的问题，所造成的损失由乙方负责。
After arrival at the destination port of Party A, the machinery
shall be assembled by Party A itself. When Party A believes it is
necessary to get the technical assistance from Party B, Party B
shall send its technicians to provide technical guidance on the
site and other required technical assistance during the assembling
of key parts of the machinery. Party B shall be liable for the losses
incurred in the course of assembling due to the technical default.
Notes:
★ the destination port of Party A甲方口岸
★ the machinery shall be assembled by Party A itself由甲方自行安装
★ to get the technical assistance from Party B乙方的技术服务
★ to provide technical guidance on the site进行现场指导
★ during the assembling of key parts of the machinery在主要设备安装过程中
6) 如乙方未能按合同规定购买补偿贸易商品或甲方未能按合同提供商品时，均应按合同条款承担违约责任，赔偿由此造成的经济损失。
If, in accordance with the Contract, Party B fails to make purchase
of the products of compensation trade and Party A fails to delivered
the products in question, either Party shall, in accordance with
the provisions of the Contract, be liable for a breach of Contract,
and shall indemnify for all the economic losses.
Notes:
★ Party B fails to make purchase of the products of compensation
trade乙方未能按合同规定购买补偿贸易商品
★ Party A fails to delivered the products in question甲方未能按合同提供商品时
★ be liable for a breach of Contract承担违约责任
★ indemnify for all the economic losses赔偿由此造成的经济损失
7) 按照第82条对承包人责任的规定，承包人亦应对其在施工及作业过程中造成的对工程的任何损失或损坏承担责任。
The Contractor shall，under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations
of the Contractor, be liable for any loss or damage to the Works
during the execution and operation of the Works.
Notes:
★ under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor按照第82条对承包人责任的规定
★ any loss or damage to the Works造成的对工程的任何损失或损坏
★ during the execution and operation of the Works在施工及作业过程中
8) 除非按合同规定，上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处应属承包商的责任，否则工程师应在与业主和承包人协商之后，确定承包人由于上述调查所支出的费用总额，并应将其增加到合同总价中，工程师应相应通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主。
Unless such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which
the Contractor is liable under the Contract, the Engineer shall,
after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor, determine
the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the
Contractor. The amount in question shall be added to the Contract
Price and the Employer shall notify the Contractor accordingly,
with a copy to the Employer.
Notes:
★ such defect, shrinkage or other fault缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处
★ after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor与业主和承包人协商之后
★ determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred
by the Contractor确定承包人由于上述调查所支出的费用总额
★ The amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price应将其增加到合同总价中
★ the Employer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy
to the Employer工程师应相应通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主
9) 如上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处是承包人的责任，则上述有关调查工作的费用应由承包人承担。在此种情况下，承包人应按第82条规定自费修补上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处。
If such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the
Contractor is liable, the cost of the Work carried out in searching
as aforesaid shall be borne by the Contractor. Provided that, in
such case, the Contractor shall, in accordance with the provisions
of Clause 82, remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his
own cost.
Notes:
★ remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost自费修补上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处
10) 除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜，对由合同及工程实施引起的或与之有关的任何问题和事件，业主不应对承包人负有责任。
The Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for the matter
or thing arising out of or in connection with the Contract or execution
of the Works, unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect
thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion
referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5.
Notes:
★ unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof
in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred
to in Sub-Clause 92.5除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜
Unit Five
Structure of Sentence
Lesson two
Positioning Adverbial Modifiers
1） 国务院证券监督管理机构依法对全国证券市场实行集中统一监督管理。
国务院证券监督管理机构根据需要可以设立派出机构、按照授权履行监督管理职责。
The securities regulatory authorities under the State Council shall,
in accordance with law, implement centralized and unified regulation
and supervision of the securities market nationwide. The securities
regulatory authorities under the State Council may, where necessary,
establish agencies that shall perform the regulatory functions as
authorized.
Notes:
★ The securities regulatory authorities under the State Council国务院证券监督管理机构
★ implement centralized and unified regulation and supervision of
the securities market nationwide对全国证券市场实行集中统一监督管理
★ establish agencies that shall perform the regulatory functions
as authorized设立派出机构、按照授权履行监督管理职责
2) 国家审计机关对证券交易所、证券公司、证券登记结算机构、证券监督管理机构，依法进行审计监督。
The State audit authorities shall, in accordance with law and through
auditing, supervise stock exchanges, securities companies, securities
registration and clearing institutions and the securities regulatory
authorities.
Notes:
★ The State audit authorities国家审计机关
★ stock exchanges证券交易所
★ securities companies证券公司
★ securities registration and clearing institutions证券登记结算机构
★ the securities regulatory authorities证券监督管理机构
3） 公开发行证券，必须符合法律、行政法规规定的条件，并依法报经国务院证券监督管理机构或者国务院授权的部门核准或审批。
Public offers of securities shall meet the conditions specified
in laws and administrative regulations, and shall, in accordance
with law, be reported to the securities regulatory authorities under
the State Council or the department authorized by the State Council
for verification or examination and approval.
Notes:
★Public offers of securities 公开发行证券
★ or the department authorized by the State Council 或者国务院授权的部门
★ for verification or examination and approval核准或审批
4) 证券公司应当依照法律、行政法规的规定承销发行人向社会公开发行的证券。证券承销业务采取代销或者包销方式。
Securities companies shall, in accordance with the provisions of
laws and administrative regulations, underwrite the securities to
be issued to the public by issuers. Securities shall be underwritten
on a agency basis or on a sole agency basis.
Notes:
★ underwrite the securities to be issued承销证券
★ on a agency basis or on a sole agency basis采取代销或者包销方式
5) 中华人民共和国在对外贸易方面所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，给予其他缔约方，参加方或者根据互惠、对等原则给予对方最惠国待遇、国民待遇。
The People’s Public of China shall, under international treaties
or agreements to which the People’s Republic of China is a contracting
party or a participating party, grant the other contracting parties
or participating parties, or shall, on the principles of mutual
reciprocity and equity, grant the other party most-favour-nation
treatment or national treatment within the field of foreign trade.
Notes:
★ international treaties or agreements国际条约、协定
★ contracting party缔约方
★ on the principles of mutual reciprocity and equality互惠、对等原则
★ most-favour-nation treatment最惠国待遇
★ national treatment国民待遇
6) 公司从事经营活动，必须遵守法律、遵守职业道德，加强社会主义精神文明建设，接受政府和社会公众的监督。
公司的合法权益受法律保护，不受侵犯。
A Company shall, in conducing its business activities, comply with
the law and business ethics, strengthen the construction of socialist
spiritual civilization and accept the supervision of the government
and the public.
The legitimate rights and interest of a company shall be protected
by law and shall not be infringed.
Notes:
★ in conducing its business activities从事经营活动
★ business ethics职业道德
★ strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization加强社会主义精神文明建设
7) 股东会会议由股东按照出资比例行使表决权。
Shareholders shall, in accordance with the proportions of their
capital contribution, exercise voting rights at shareholders’ meetings.
Notes:
★ in accordance with the proportions of their capital contribution按照出资比例
★ at shareholders’ meetings股东会会议
★ exercise voting rights行使表决权
8) 上市公司必须按照法律、行政法规的规定，定期公开财务状况和经营情况，在每会计年度内半年公布一次财务会计报告。
A listed company shall, pursuant to laws and administrative regulations,
make public periodically its financial and operational conditions.
The listed company shall, in each fiscal year, publish its financial
statements once every six months.
Notes:
★ A listed company上市公司
★ make public periodically定期公开
★ its financial and operational conditions财务状况和经营情况
★ shall, in each fiscal year, publish its financial statements once
every six months在每会计年度内半年公布一次财务会计报告
9) 外国公司依照本法规定可以在中国境内设立分支机构，从事生产经营活动。
A foreign company may, pursuant to this Law, establish branches
within the Territory of China, and may engage in production and
operational activities.
Notes:
★ establish branches within the Territory of China在中国境内设立分支机构
★ engage in production and operational activities从事生产经营活动
10) 当事人达成和解协议，撤回仲裁申请后反悔的，可以根据仲裁协议申请仲裁。
If the parties go back on their words after the conclusion of a
conciliation agreement and the withdrawal of the arbitration application,
application may, in accordance with the arbitration agreement, be
made for arbitration.
Notes:
★ go back on their words反悔
★ after the conclusion of a conciliation agreement达成和解协议
★ the withdrawal of the arbitration application撤回仲裁申请
Lesson Three
Positioning of Adverbial Modifier
In Subordinate Clauses
1) 通过证券交易所的证券交易，投资者持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的百分之五时，应当在该事实发生之日起三日内，向国务院证券监督管理机构、证券交易所作出书面报告，通知该上市公司，并予以公告：在上述规定的期限内，不得再行买卖该上市公司的股票。
Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, an investor
comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company, the
investor shall, within three days from the date on which such shareholding
becomes a fact, submit a written report to the securities regulatory
authorities under the State Council and the stock exchange, notify
the listed company and make the fact known to the public. During
the period specified above, the investor may not continue to purchase
or sell shares of the listed company in question.
Notes:
★ through securities trading at a stock exchange通过证券交易所的证券交易
★ comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的百分之五
★ notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public通知该上市公司，并予以公告
★ he investor may not continue to purchase or sell shares of the
listed company in question不得再行买卖该上市公司的股票
2) 通过证券交易所的证券交易，投资者持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的30%时，继续进行收购的，应当依法向该上市公司所有股东发出收购要约。但经国务院证券监督管理机构免除发出要约的除外。
When, through securities trading on a stock exchange, an investor
comes to hold 30 percent of the shares issued by a listed company,
and continues to buy the shares of the listed company, the investor
shall, in accordance with law, issue a takeover offer to all shareholders
of the listed company in question, unless the investor is exempted
by the securities regulation authorities under the State Council
from issuing such an offer.
Notes:
★ issue a takeover offer to all shareholders of the listed company
in question应当依法向该上市公司所有股东发出收购要约
★ unless the investor is exempted by the securities regulation authorities
under the State Council from issuing such an offer但经国务院证券监督管理机构免除发出要约的除外
3) 在收购要约的有效期限内，收购人需要变更收购要约中事项的，必须事先向国务院证券监督管理机构及证券交易所提出报告，经获准后，予以公告。
If, during the effective term of a takeover offer, the purchaser
needs to alter any items in the takeover offer, the purchaser shall
submit a report to the securities regulatory authorities under the
State Council and the stock exchange in advance. The purchaser shall,
after approval of the report, make the fact in question known to
the public.
Notes:
★ the purchaser needs to alter any items in the takeover offer收购人需要变更收购要约中事项的
★ after approval of the report经获准后
4) 收购要约的期限届满，收购人持有的被收购公司的股份数达到该公司已发行的股份总数的百分之七十五以上的，该上市公司的股票应当在证券交易所终止上市交易。
Where, upon the expiration of the term of the takeover offer, the
number of shares of the company under takeover held by the purchaser
accounts for more than 75 percent of the total number of the shares
issued by the company, the listing and trading of the shares of
the listed company shall be terminated on the stock exchange.
Notes:
★ upon the expiration of the term of the takeover offer收购要约的期限届满
★ accounts for more than 75 percent of the total number of the shares
issued by the company股份数达到该公司已发行的股份总数的百分之七十五以上的
5) 收购要约的期限届满，收购人持有的被收购公司的股份数达到该公司已发行的股份总数的百分之九十以上的，其余仍持有被收购公司股票的股东有权向收购人以收购要约的同等条件出售其股票，收购人应当收购。
Where, upon the expiration of the term of the takeover offer, the
number of shares of the company under takeover held by the purchaser
accounts for more than 90 percent of the total number of the shares
issued by the company, the remaining holders of the shares of the
listed company shall have the right to sell their shares on the
same terms as those in the takeover offer, and the purchaser shall
buy up the same.
Notes:
★ the remaining holders of the shares of the listed company其余仍持有被收购公司股票的股东
★ on the same terms as those in the takeover offer以收购要约的同等条件
★ the purchaser shall buy up the same收购人应当收购
6) 证券公司的从业人员在证券交易活动中，按其所属的证券公司的指令或者利用职务违反交易规则的，由所属的证券公司承担全部责任。
If, in the course of securities trading, an employee of a securities
company violates trading rules under the instructions of the company
or by taking advantage of his position, the securities company to
which the employee belong to shall bear full liability therefor.
Notes:
★ an employee of a securities company violates trading rules under
the instructions of the company or by taking advantage of his position证券公司的从业人员按其所属的证券公司的指令或者利用职务违反交易规则
★ the securities company to which the employee belong to shall bear
full liability therefor由所属的证券公司承担全部责任
7) 为股票的发行或者上市出具审计报告、资产评估报告或者法律意见书等文件的专业机构和人员，违反本法第39条的规定买卖股票的，责令依法处理非法获得的股票，没收违法所得，并处以所买卖的股票等值以下的罚款。
If, violating the provisions in Article 39 of this Law, a professional
institution or individual that produces documents such as audit
reports, asset appraisal reports and legal opinions for the issuance
or listing of shares purchases or sells shares, the professional
institution or individual shall be ordered to dispose of the illegally
obtained shares in accordance with law. Provided that the illegal
gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not more than the value
of the shares purchased or sold shall be imposed.
Notes:
★ violating the provisions in Article 39 of this Law违反本法第39条的规定
★ produces documents such as audit reports出具审计报告
★ asset appraisal reports资产评估报告
★ legal opinions法律意见书
★ shall be ordered to dispose of the illegally obtained shares in
accordance with law责令依法处理非法获得
★ the illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not more
than the value of the shares purchased or sold shall be imposed没收违法所得，并处以所买卖的股票等值以下的罚款
8) 违反本法规定，挪用公款买卖证券的，没收违法所得，并处以违法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罚款，属于国家工作人员的，还应当依法给予行政处分。构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
If, violating the provisions of this Law, anyone purchases or sells
securities by misappropriating public funds, his illegal gains shall
be confiscated and the person in queestion shall be fined not less
than the amount or but not more than five times the illegal gains.
Provided that if the offender is a state functionary, administrative
sanctions shall, in addition, be imposed in accordance with Law.
Provide also that if the offense constitutes a crime, criminal liability
shall be pursued in accordance with law.
Notes:
★ misappropriating public funds挪用公款
★ his illegal gains shall be confiscated没收违法所得
★ be fined not less than the amount or but not more than five times
the illegal gains并处以违法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罚款
★ a state functionary国家工作人员
★ administrative sanctions shall, in addition, be imposed in accordance
with Law还应当依法给予行政处分
★ if the offense constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be
pursued in accordance with law构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
9) 证券公司、证券登记结算机构及其从业人员、未经客户的委托，买卖、挪用、出借客户帐户上的证券或者将客户的证券用于质押的，或者挪用客户帐户上的资金的，责令改正，没收违法所得，处以违法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罚款，并责令关闭或者吊销责任人员的从业资格证书。
If, without the Client’s instruction, a securities company, securities
registration and clearing institution or one of their employees
purchases, sells, misappropriates or lends securities in the Client’s
account, uses the Client’s securities as collateral, or misappropriate
the funds in the Client’s account, the securities company, securities
registration and clearing institution or the employee in question
shall be ordered to make rectification, the illegal gains shall
be confiscated. Provided that a fine of not less than the amount
of but not more than five times the illegal gains shall be imposed.
Provided also that the Securities Company or securities registration
and clearing institution shall be ordered to close down, or the
professional qualification of the employee in question shall be
revoked.
Notes:
★ purchases, sells, misappropriates or lends securities in the Client’s
account买卖、挪用、出借客户帐户上的证券
★ uses the Client’s securities as collateral, or misappropriate
the funds in the Client’s account将客户的证券用于质押的，或者挪用客户帐户上的资金
★ shall be ordered to close down并责令关闭
★ the professional qualification of the employee in question shall
be revoked吊销责任人员的从业资格证书
10) 证券公司成立后，无正当理由超过三个月未开始营业的，或者开业后自行停业连续三个月以上的，由公司登记机关吊销其公司营业执照。
If, after the establishment of securities company, a securities
company fails to commence business without justifiable reason or,
after having commenced business, the company in question suspends
business without the relevant approval for a period of not less
than three months running, the business license of the company in
question shall be revoked by the company registration institution.
Notes:
★ a securities company fails to commence business未开始营业
★ without the relevant approval自行
★ the business license of the company in question shall be revoked
by the company registration institution由公司登记机关吊销其公司营业执照
Lesson Four
Positioning of Ecliptic Clauses
1） 召开股东会会议，应当于会议召开十五日以前通知全体股东。
股东会应当对所议事项的决定作成会议记录，出席会议的股东应当在会议记录上签名。
When the meeting of shareholders is convened, a notice shall, fifteen
days before the meeting, be given to all shareholders. The meeting
of Shareholders shall keep records of the decisions made on matters
discussed in the minutes of meeting. The minutes in question shall
be signed by the shareholders present at the meeting.
Notes:
★ When the meeting of shareholders is convened召开股东会会议
★ fifteen days before the meeting会议召开十五日以前
★ the minutes of meeting会议记录
★ keep records of the decisions made on matters discussed in the
minutes of meeting对所议事项的决定作成会议记录
2） 公司研究决定生产经营的重大问题，制定重要的规章制度时，应当听取公司工会和职工的意见和建议。
When the company considers and decides on major issues relating
to the company’s production and operations, and formulates and prepares
important rules and regulations, the company in question shall solicit
and consider the opinions and proposals of the company’s trade union
and staff and workers.
Notes:
★ major issues重大问题
★ formulates and prepares important rules and regulations制定重要的规章制度时
★ shall solicit and consider the opinions and proposals of the company’s
trade union and staff and workers应当听取公司工会和职工的意见和建议,solicit and consider:听取
3） 发起人向社会公共募集股份，应当同银行签订代收股款协议。
代收股款的银行应当按照协议代收和保存股款，向缴纳股款的认股人出具收款单据，并负有向有关部门出具收款证明的义务。
When the promoters make a public offer of shares, the promoters
shall enter into an agreement with the receiving banks.
The receiving banks shall receive and hold as agents the payment
for shares, issue receipts to subscribers who make payments for
shares, and shall be obliged to issue evidence of receipt of payments
to the relevant departments.
Notes:
★ the promoters发起人
★ issue receipts to subscribers who make payments for shares向缴纳股款的认股人出具收款单据
★ to issue evidence of receipt of payments to the relevant departments出具收款证明的义务
4） 犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。
Illegal gains from the crimes provided for in this Decision shall,
if any, be confiscated.
Notes:
★ Illegal gains违法所得
★ be confiscated予以没收
5) 在被邀请签约时，承包人应同意签订并履行合同协议书，该协议书由业主按照本合同条件所附格式拟订，如有必要，可对其进行修改。该协议书的拟定和签订费用由业主承担。
The Contractor shall, if called upon so to do, enter into and execute
the Contract Agreement, to be prepared and completed at the cost
of the Employer, in the form annexed to the these conditions with
such modification as may be necessary.
Notes:
★ if called upon so to do在被邀请签约时
★ the Contract Agreement合同协议书
★ to be prepared and completed at the cost of the Employer该协议书的拟定和签订费用由业主承担
★ in the form annexed to the these conditions with such modification
as may be necessary按照本合同条件所附格式拟订,如有必要，可对其进行修改
6) 承包人应把工程施工的性质、范围或进度计划方面的变化情况通知保险人，并保证按合同条款在整个期间内有完备的保险。并在需要时，向业主出示生效的保险单及本期保险费的支付收据。
The Contractor shall notify the insurers of changes in the nature,
extent or program for the execution of the Works and ensure the
adequacy of the insurance at all times in accordance with the terms
of the Contract and shall, when required, produce to the Employer
the insurance policies in force and the receipts for payment of
the current premiums.
Notes:
★ the insurers保险人,指保险合同当事人之一，即收取保险费后在发生损失时，负责赔偿的保险公司或承保人（underwriter）
★ insure the adequacy of the insurance at all times in accordance
with the terms of the Contract保证按合同条款在整个期间内有完备的保险
★ the insurance policies in force生效的保险单
★ the receipts for payment of the current premiums本期保险费的支付收据
7) 除合同另有规定外，承包人应自行安排从当地或其他地方雇用的所有职员和劳务人员，以及他们的报酬、住房、膳食和交通。
The Contractor shall, unless otherwise provided in the Contract,
make his own arrangements for the engagement of all staff and labour,
local or other, and for their payment, housing, feeding and transport.
Notes:
★ make his own arrangements for the engagement of all staff and
labour, local or other自行安排从当地或其他地方雇用的所有职员和劳务人员
★ for their payment, housing, feeding and transport他们的报酬、住房、膳食和交通
8) 如果工程师认为必要或可取时，可以发出指示，规定在计日的基础上实施全部变更工作。对这类变更工作应按合同中包括的计日工作表中所定项目和承包人在其投标书中所确定的单价和价格，向承包人付款。
The Engineer may, if in his opinion it is necessary or desirable,
issue an instruction that any varied work shall be executed on a
day-work basis. Such varied work shall, under the items set out
in the day-work schedule included in the Contract and at the rates
and prices affixed thereto by the Contract himself in the Tender,
be paid to the Contractor.
Notes:
★ if in his opinion it is necessary or desirable 如果工程师认为必要或可取时
★ on a day-work basis在计日的基础上
★ the day-work schedule included in the Contract合同中包括的计日工作表中
Lesson Five
Attributive Clause
Such …… as
1) 因进口产品数量增加，使国内相同产品或者与其直接竟争的产品的生产者受到严重损害或者严重损害的威胁时，国家可以采取必要的保障措施，消除或者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁。
Where increasing quantities of imported products cause or threaten
to cause serious injury to domestic products of like or such producers
as directly compete with their foreign counterparts for the products,
the state may take necessary safeguard measures to remove or ease
such injury or threat of injury.
Notes
★ increasing quantities of a imported product进口产品数量增加
★ cause serious injury to domestic products of like受到严重损害或者严重损害的威胁
★ such producers as directly compete with their foreign counterparts
for the products与其直接竟争的产品的生产者
★ may take necessary safeguard measures可以采取必要的保障措施
2) 证券交易当事人买卖的证券可以采用纸面形式或者国务院证券监督管理机构规定的其他形式。
The securities purchased and sold by the parties to a securities
transaction may be in the form of scrip or such other forms as are
specified by the securities regulatory authorities under the State
Council.
Notes:
★ the parties to a securities transaction证券交易当事人
★ in the form of scrip纸面形式,scrip即临时凭证，公司发行股票时，发给已经认购并付清第一期股金的投资者的临时凭证，证明他在规定的时间内有取得股票的权利。
★ such other forms as are specified by the securities regulatory
authorities under the State Council. 国务院证券监督管理机构规定的其他形式
3) 在中国境内，股票、公司债券和国务院依法认定的其他证券的发行和交易，适用本法。本法未规定的，适用公司法和其他法律、行政法规的规定。
This Law is applicable to the issuing and trading in the Territory
of China of shares, corporate bonds and such other securities as
are lawfully recognized by the State Council. Where the issuing
and trading in question are not covered by this Law, the provisions
of the company Law and other laws and administrative regulations
shall apply.
Notes:
★ the issuing and trading of shares, corporate bonds and such other
securities as are lawfully recognized by the State Council股票、公司债券和国务院依法认定的其他证券的发行和交易
★ the issuing and trading in question are not covered by this Law本法未规定的
★ the provisions of the company Law and other laws and administrative
regulations shall apply适用公司法和其他法律、行政法规的规定
4) 承包人应采取一切合理的措施，防止承包人或其任何分包人的任何运输对连接现场的或通往现场的道路或桥梁造成破坏或损伤，承包人特别应该选择运输线路，选用运输工具，限制和分配载运重量，以便使来往现场的材料、工程设备、承包人设备或临时工程运送所不可避免出现的任何这类特殊交通运输受到尽可能合理的限制，从而避免对这些道路和桥梁造成不必要的损害或损伤。
The Contractor shall use every reasonable means to prevent any of
the roads or bridges communicating with or on the routes to the
Site from being damaged or injured by any traffic of the Contractor
or any of his subcontractors and, in particular, shall select routes,
choose and use vehicles and restrict and distribute loads so that
any such extraordinary traffic as will inevitably arise from the
moving of materials, Plant, Contractor’s Equipment or Temporary
Works from and to the site shall be limited, as far as reasonably
possible, and so that no unnecessary damage or injury may be occasioned
to such roads and bridges.
Notes:
★ use every reasonable means采取一切合理的措施
★ to prevent any of the roads or bridges communicating with or on
the routes to the Site from being damaged or injured by any traffic
of the Contractor or any of his subcontractors防止承包人或其任何分包人的任何运输对连接现场的或通往现场的道路或桥梁造成破坏或损伤
★ shall select routes, choose and use vehicles and restrict and
distribute loads应该选择运输线路，选用运输工具，限制和分配载运重量
★ no unnecessary damage or injury may be occasioned to such roads
and bridges从而避免对这些道路和桥梁造成不必要的损害或损伤
5) 如果工程师提出要求，承包人应按工程师可能预先规定的某种格式和时间间隔，向工程师送交表明承包人在现场随时雇用的职员及各种等级的劳动人数的详细报告。当工程师可能需要时，还应送交有关承包人设备的此类报告。
The Contractor shall, if required by the Engineer, deliver to the
Engineer the returns in detail, in such form and at such intervals
as the Engineer may prescribe, showing the staff and the numbers
of the several classes of labour from time to time employed by the
Contractor on the site. Provided that if the Engineer requires the
information respecting the Contractor’s Equipment, the Contractor
shall submit the returns in question.
Notes:
★ deliver to the Engineer the returns in detail向工程师送交详细报告,returns(复):
报告书
★ the numbers of the several classes of labour from time to time
employed by the Contractor on the site承包人在现场随时雇用的职员及各种等级的劳动人数
6) 根据工程师的指示，承包人应按工程师认为必要的时间和方式暂停工程或其任何部分的进展，在暂时停工期间承包人应对工程或其一部分进行工程师认为有必要的保护和安全保障。
The Contractor shall, under the instructions of the Engineer, suspend
the progress of the Works or any part thereof for such time and
in such manner as the Engineer may consider necessary, and shall,
during the suspension in question, properly protect and secure the
Works or such part thereof so far as is necessary in the opinion
of the Engineer.
Notes:
★ suspend the progress of the Works or any part thereof暂停工程或其任何部分的进展
★ properly protect and secure the Works对工程有必要的保护和安全保障
★ in the opinion of the Engineer工程师认为
7) 如果承包人在寻求任何索赔时未能遵守本条款的各项规定，他有权得到的有关付款将不超过工程师或根据第67.3款指定的任何仲裁人或几位仲裁人通过同期记录核实估价的索赔总额（不管此类记录是否按第53.2和53.3款的要求已提交给工程师考虑）。
If the Contractor fails to comply with any of the provisions of
this Clause in respect of any claim which he seeks to make, his
entitlement to payment in respect thereof shall not exceed such
amount as the Engineer or any arbitrator or arbitrators appointed
pursuant to sub-Clause 67.3 assessing the claim considers to be
verified by contemporary records (whether or not such records were
brought to the Engineer’s notice as required under Sub-Clause 53.2
and 53.3).
Notes:
★ his entitlement to payment in respect thereof他有权得到的有关付款
★ such amount as the Engineer or any arbitrator or arbitrators appointed
pursuant to sub-Clause 67.3 assessing the claim considers to be
verified by contemporary records工程师或根据第67.3款指定的任何仲裁人呀几位仲裁人通过同期记录核实估价的索赔总额
8) 当颁发整个工程的移交证书时，工程师应把一半保留金付给承包人开具证书，或是在颁发永久工程的一区段或部分的移交证书时，工程师应为把由他决定的永久工程的这一区段或部分的价值相应的保留金付给承包人开具证书。
Upon the issue of the Taking-Over Certificate with respect to the
whole of the Works, one half of the Retention Money, or upon the
issue of a Taking-Over Certificate with respect to a section or
part of the Permanent Works only such proportion thereof as the
Engineer determines having regard to the relative value of such
section or part of the Permanent Works, shall be certified by the
Engineer for payment to the Contractor.
Notes:
★ the Taking-Over Certificate工程的移交证书
★ the Retention Money保留金
★ one half of the Retention Money shall be certified by the Engineer
for payment to the Contractor or such proportion thereof as工程师应把一半保留金或一区段或部分的价值相应的保留金付给承包人开具证书
涉外合同翻译练习
出口合同
合同号：
签约日期：
签约地：
卖方： 买方：
地址： 地址：
电话： 电话：
传真： 传真：
电传： 电传：
双方同意按照下列条款由卖方出售、买方购进下列货物：
1． 货物名称、规格：
2． 数量：
3． 单价：
4． 总值：
（上述（2）、（3）、（4）条合计）
5．交货条件：FOB / CFR / CIF _____________ ， ______________ 。
除非另有规定，：“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则》（INCOTERMS 2001）办理。
5． 货物生产标准：
6． 包装：
7． 唛头：
8． 装运期限：
9． 装运港口：
10． 目的港口：
11． 保险：
当交货条件为FOB 或CFR 时，应由买方负责投保；
当交货条件为CIF 时，应由卖方按发票金额110%投保 _____________ 险；附加险：______________ 。
12． 支付条款：
13.1 信用证（L/C）支付方式
买方应在装运期前/合同生效后___________ 日，在___________ 银行以电传/电信方式开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的议付信用证，信用证应在装船完毕后___________
内在受益人所在地到期。
13.2 托收（D/P 或D/A）支付
货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的付款跟单汇票，按即期付款交单（D/P）方式，通过卖方银行及____________________银行向买方转交单证。买方应在单据提示时，立即付款。货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的承兑跟单汇票，汇付款期限为__________
后_____________日，按即期承兑交单（D/A _____________日）方式，通过卖方银行及______________
银行，经买方承竞兑后，向买方转交单证，买方按汇票期限到期支付货款。
14．单证：
卖方应向议付银行提交下列单证：
（a） 标明通知收货人/受货代理人的全套清洁的、已装船的、空白抬头、空白背书并注明运费已付/到付的海运提单。
（b） 商业发票____________ 份；（c）在CIF条件下的保险单/保险凭证；
（d）装箱单一式__________份；
（e）品质证明书；
（f）原产地证明书。
15．装运条件：
15.1 在FOB条件下，由买方负责按照合同规定的交货日期洽定舱位。卖方应在合同规定的装船期前_________ 日将合同号、货物名称、数量、金额、箱数、总重量、总体积及货物在装运港备妥待运的日期以电传/传真通知买方。买方应在装船期前____________
日通知卖方船名、预计装船日期、合同号，以便卖方安排装运。如果有必要改变装运船只或者其到达日期，买方或其运输代理应及时通知卖方。如果船只不能在买方通知的船期后___________日内到达装运港，买方应承担从第___________
日起发生的货物仓储保管费用。
15.2 在FOB，CFR和CIF条件下，卖方在货物装船完毕后应立即以电传/传真向买方及买方指定的代理人发出装船通知。装船通知应包括合同号、货物名称、数量、毛重、包装尺码、发票金额、提单号码、启航期和预计到达的目的港的日期。如货物系危险品或易燃品，也应注明危规号。
15.3 允许/不允许部分装运或转运。
15.4 卖方有权在______________% 数量内溢装或短装。
16． 质量/数量不符合索赔条款
在货物运抵目的港后，一旦发现货物之质量、数量和重量与合同规定的不符，买方可以凭借双方同意的检验组织所出具的检验证书，向卖方索赔。但是，应由保险公司或航运公司负责的损失除外。有关质量不符的索赔应由买方在货物到港后30天内提出；有关数量或重量不符的索赔应在货物到港后15天内提出。卖方应在收到索赔要求后30天内回复买方。
17． 不可抗力
卖方对由于下列原因而导致不能或暂时不能履行全部或部分合同义务的，不负责任：水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或其它任何在签约时卖方不能预料、无法控制且不能避免和克服的事件。但卖方应尽快地将所发生的事件通知对方，并应在事件发生后15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。如果不可抗力事件之影响超过120天，双方应协商合同继续履行或终止履行的事宜。
18． 仲裁
因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决，如协商仍不能解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有拘束力。仲裁费应由败诉一方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。在仲裁期间，除仲裁部分之外的其它合同条款应继续执行。
19． 特殊条款：
本合同由双方代表签字后生效，一式两份，双方各执一份。
卖方： 买方：
授权代表：（签字） 授权代表：（签字）
Export Contract (Key)
Contract No._____________
Conclusion Date:_________
Conclusion Place:________
The Seller:__________________
TEL:________ FAX:_________
TELEX:___________
The Buyer: __________________
TEL:________ FAX:_________
TELEX:___________
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between the
Seller and the Buyer and the Seller whereby agrees to sell and the
Buyer agrees to buy the under-mentioned commodity under the terms
and conditions specified as follows:
1. Name of Commodity, Specification 2.Quantity 3. Unit Price 4.
Amount
Total Value:
5. Terms of delivery: FOB/CFR/CIF_____________,_______________ .
The terms “FOB” “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International
Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS2001) provided
by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified
herein.
6. Standard 0f Production:
7. Packing:
8. Shipping Mark:
9. Time of Shipment:
10. Port of Shipment:
11. Port of Destination:
12. Insurance:
If the term of delivery is on FOB or CFR basis, insurance shall
be effected by the Buyer. If the term of delivery is on CIF basis,
insurance shall be covered by the Seller for 110% of the invoice
value against _____________;
Additional insurance __________.
13. Terms of Payment:
13.1 Letter of Credit
The Buyer shall, ____________ days prior to the time of Shipment
/ after the effective date of the Contract, open an irrevocable
negotiable Letter of Credit by Telex / Mail in favour of the Seller
in __________ Bank. The L/C shall expire _______ days after the
completion of loading of the shipments at the location of the beneficiary.
13.2 collection (D/P or D/A)
The Seller shall, after shipment, draw a documentary draft on the
Buyer and deliver the documents through the Seller’s bank and ________
Bank to the Buyer against payment, i.e. D/P. The Buyer shall effect
the payment immediately upon the first presentation of the bill(s)
of exchange.
The Seller shall after shipment draw a bill of exchange, payable
_______ days after ________ on the Buyer and deliver the documents
through the Seller’s bank and _________ Bank to Buyer against acceptance
(D/A ______ days). The Buyer shall make payment on the maturity
date of the bill of exchange.
14. Documents Required
The Seller shall present the following documents to the negotiating
bank:
(A) Full set of clean on board ocean Bills of lading made out to
___________ / to the order of _______________ and bank endorsed
marked “Freight Prepaid / to Collect”;
(B) Commercial Invoice ________________;
(C) Under the term of CIF, Insurance Policy/ Insurance Certificate;
(D) Packing List ____________;
(E) Quality Certificate;
(F) Certificate of Origin.
15. Terms of Shipment:
15.1 On FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accordance
with the date of shipment specified in the Contract. The Seller
shall, __________ days before the date of shipment specified in
the Contract, advise the Buyer by Telex/ Fax of the Contract number,
the name of commodity, quantity, total amount, package numbers,
total weight, and volume and the date on which goods is ready for
loading at the port of shipment. The buyer shall, __________ days
before the date of shipment specified in the contract, notify the
Contract number for the Seller to effect shipment. In case the carrying
vessel or the date of its arrival has to be changed, the Buyer or
its shipping agent shall advise the Seller in time. Should the vessel
fail to arrive at the port of shipment within __________ days after
the arrival date advised by the Buyer, the Buyer shall bear the
storage expense calculated from the ___________ days thereafter.
15.2 On FOB,CFR and CIF basis, the Seller shall, immediately upon
the completion of the loading of the goods, give a shipping notice
to the Buyer by Telex/Fax. The notice shall include the Contract
number, name of goods, quantity, gross weigh, measurement, invoiced
value, bill of lading number, sailing date and the estimated date
of arrival at the port of destination. The IMCO (Inter-Government
Maritime Consultative Organization) number of the inflammable and
dangerous goods, if any, shall also be indicated.
15.3 Partial shipment and the transshipment are/ are not allowed.
15.4 With _______ % more or less both in amount and quantity shall
be allowed at the Seller’s option.
16. Quality / quantity Discrepancy and Claim
In case the quality and /or quantity / weight of the goods found
by the Buyer are not in conformity with the provisions of the Contract
after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer
may lodge claim with the Seller on such strength of the inspection
certificate issued by an inspection organization as is agreed by
the Parties to the Contract, with the exception, however, of those
claims for which the insurance company and / or the shipping company
are to be held responsible. Claim for quality discrepancy shall,
within 30 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,
be filed by the Buyer. While for quantity/ weight discrepancy claims
shall, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the port of
destination, be filed by the Buyer. The Seller shall, within 30
days after receipt of the claim requirement, reply to the Buyer.
17. Force Majeure:
The Seller shall not be held responsible for failure or delay to
perform all or any part of its obligations specified in the Contract
due to flood, fire, earthquake, drought, war, or any other events
which could not be predicted at the time of the conclusion of the
Contract, and could not be controlled, avoided or overcome by the
Seller. Provided that the Seller shall, as soon as possible, inform
the other party of its occurrence in written form and thereafter
send a certificate of the Event issued by the relevant authority
to the other party thereto within 15 days after its occurrence.
If the Force Majieure Event last over 120 days, the Parties thereto
shall negotiate the further execution or the termination of the
Contract.
18. Arbitration:
All disputes arising from the Contract shall, through amicable negotiation
by the Parties thereto, be settled. Should through negotiation no
settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted
for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration
Commission (Beijing) and the arbitration rules of this Commission
shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and
binding upon the Parties thereto. The arbitration fee shall be bone
by the losing Party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration
organization. During the course of the arbitration, the provisions
of the Contract shall continuously be performed except for the part
under arbitration.
19. Special Conditions
IN WITNESS THEREFORE, this Contract shall come into effect immediately
after it is signed by the representatives of the Parties hereto
in duplicate, and either party hereto shall hold one copy.
The Seller:__________________ The Buyer: ________________
进口合同
合同号：
签约日期：
签约地：
买方： 卖方：
地址： 地址：
电话： 电话：
传真： 传真：
电传： 电传：
双方同意按照下列条款由卖方出售，买方购进下列货物：
1. 货物名称、规格：
2. 数量：
3. 单价：
4. 总值：
（上述（2）、（3）、（4）条合计）
5. 交货条件：FOB/CFR/CIF，______________, ______________
除非另有规定，“FOB”，“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS）2001》办理。
6. 原产地国别：
7. 包装及标准：
货物应具有防潮防锈蚀、防震并适合于远洋运输的包装，由于货物包装不良而造成的货物残损、灭失应由卖方负责。卖方应在每个包装箱上用不褪色的颜色标明尺码、包装箱号码、毛重、净重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心轻放”等标记。
8. 唛头：
9. 装运期：
10. 装运港：
11. 目的港：
12. 保险：
当交货条件为FOB或CFR时，应由买方负责投保；交货条件为CIF时，应由卖方按发票金额110% 投保________________
险；附加险：______________
13. 支付条款：
13.1 信用证（L/C）支付。
买方应在装运期前______________日，向中国银行申请以电传/电信方式开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的议付信用证。信用证应在装船完毕后___________日内在受益人所在是到期。
13.2 托收（D/P 或D/A）支付。
货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的付款跟单汇票，按即期付款交单（D/P）方式，通过卖方银行及________________
银行向买方转交单证，换取货物。货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人的承兑跟单汇票，汇票付款期限为____________后 _________________，按即期承兑交单（D/A
______日 ）方式，通过卖方银行及_______________ 银行，经买方承兑后，向买方转交单证，买方按汇票期限到期支付货款。
13.3 汇付（T/T 或M/T）
买方在受到卖方依本合同第14条规定提交的海运单据后七日内，以电汇/信汇方式支付货款。
14. 单证：
卖方应向议付银行提交下列单证：
（a） 标明通知收货人/受货代理人的全套清洁的、已装船的、空白抬头、空白背书并注明运费已付/到付的海运提单。
（b） 商业发票_____________ 份；
（c） 在CIF条件下的保险单/保凭证___________ 份；
（d） 品质证明书；
（e） 装箱单/重量单/数量单一式___________ 份；
（f） 原产地证明；
（g） 发货通知书。
15. 装运条件：
15.1 在CIF和CFR条件下，卖方应在装运前十天以电报或传真将船名、国籍和船龄通知买方。经买方确认后卖方才可装运买方应在接到通知后五个工作日内予以确认，否则即视为已被确认。
15.2 在FOB条件下，由买方负责按照合同规定的交货日期洽定舱位。卖方应在合同规定的装船期前_______________ 将合同号、货物名称、数量、金额、箱数、总重量、总体积及货物在装运港备妥待运的日期以电传/传真通知买方。买方应在装船日期前十日通知卖方船运船只或者到达日期，买方或其运输代理应及时通知卖方。如果船只不能在买方通知的船期后___________日内到达装运港，买方应承担从第___________日起发生的货物仓储保管费用。
如果买方船只按时到达装运港，而卖方不能按规定的时间备妥货物以待装船，则由此而产生的空舱费及滞期费应由卖方承担。
15.3 在FOB，CIF 和CFR条件下，卖方在货物装船完毕后应立即以电传传真向买方及指定的代理人发出装船通知，装船通知应包括合同号、货物名称、数量、净重、毛重、包装尺码、发票金额、提单号码、启航期和预计到达的目的港的日期。如货物系危险品或易燃品，也应注明危规号。
15.4 在运载船只启航之后_____________个工作日内，卖方应将本合同第14条中列举的单证的副本（各一份）航空邮寄给买方。
15.5 可以/不得转船。
15.6 可以/不得分运。
15.7 卖方有权在_____________% 数量内溢装或短装。
16. 检验和索赔条款。
16.1 在货物运抵最终目的地目的港后，买方有权向货物检验机构申请对货物进行检验。检验机构为中华人民共和国________________进出口商品检验局。
16.2 买方在货物到达最终目的地目的港卸货完毕之日起90日内，如发现货物之质量、规格、数量、重量、包装、安全或卫生条件与合同规定的不符，应在上述期限内向卖方发出索赔通知，并凭借上款规定的检验机构所发具的检验证书向卖方索赔。除由保险公司或航运公司应承担的责任，卖方须就该索赔要求进行赔偿。
16.3 卖方应在收到上述期限内由检验机构出具的检验证书以及索赔要求之后十五日内回复买方。
16.4 买方有权就第16条和第17条所述货物缺陷所造成的损失向卖方要求索赔。
17. 质量保证
卖方保证其所提供的全部货物均符合本合同的规定，并且是全新和未使用过的。货物的质量保证期为自货物到达目的地之日/目的港卸货完毕之日起12个月。在质量保证期内，凡因设计、制造工艺和所用材料而产生的缺陷，卖方应自负费用进行修理或更换货物或部件。
18. 不可抗力
任何一方对由于下列原因 而导致不能或暂时不能履行全部或部分合同义务的，不负责任：水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或其它任何在签约时不能预料、无法控制且不能避免和克服的事件。但受不可抗力影响的一方，应尽快地将所发生的事件通知对方，并应在事件发生后15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。如果不可抗力事件之影响超过120天，双方应协商合同继续履行或终止履行的事宜。
19. 仲裁
因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决。如协商仍不能解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有拘束力。仲裁费应由败诉一方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。在仲裁期间，除仲裁部分之外的其它合同条款应继续履行。
20. 特殊条款
本合同由双方代表签字后生效，一式两份，双方各执一份。
买方： 卖方：
授权代表：（签字） 授权代表：（签字）
补偿贸易合同
本合同本合同于二O_____________ 年____________月_________________在中国__________________
市签订。
甲方为：中国_________________公司
法定地址：
电话：
电传：
乙方为： ______________ 国_____________公司
法定地址：
电话：
电传：
双方在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，特订立本合同。
第一条 贸易内容
（一） 乙方向甲方提供用于生产的____________ 型机械______________台，以及各种其他辅助机械设备，并同时提供各类机械设备所必须的附配件及备用件，以及在生产过程中各种必需的测试仪器。具体的各类机械设备、测试仪器、附配件、备用件之型号、名称、规格、数量、价格、包装要求、交货期限等，由双方另行签订设备进口公司，作为本合同不可分割的一部分。
（二） 甲方用乙方提供的机械设备所生产的部分产品以及其他商品，经双方协商后，也可用____________ 工厂生产的______________
商品来偿付全部机械设备的价款。具体的偿付商品之名称、数量、价格、交货期限等，由双方另行签订补偿商品供货合同，作为本合同不可分割的一部分，设备进口合同与补偿商品供货合同可合并为补偿贸易购销合同，见附件。
第二条 支付条件
由甲乙双方对开信用证，即由甲方分期开出以乙方为受益人的远期信用证，分期、分批支付全部机械设备的价款；乙方开出以甲方为受益人的即期信用证，支付补偿商品的货款。甲方用乙方支付补偿商品的货款，来支付全部机械设备的价款。当乙方支付
的货款不能相抵甲方所开的远期信用证之金额时，其差额部分由乙方用预付货款方式，在甲方所开的远期信用证到期前汇付甲方，以使甲方能按时议付行所开的远期信用证。甲方所开的远期信用证的按期付款，是基于乙方按规定开出即期信用证及按规定预付货款。乙方保证按规定开出信用证及预付。
第三条 付款期限
甲方用_____________ 年零_____________个月，分月用商品偿付全部机械设备的价款。偿还日期自第一批机械设备到货后约_____________个月后开始，原则上每月偿还日期自第一批机械设备到货后约_____________个月后开始，原则上每月偿还的金额是全部机械设备价款的_____________分之_____________。甲方可以提前偿还，但需在_____________个月前通知乙方。
在甲方用补偿商品偿还机械设备价款期间，乙方应按本协议项下的有关补偿商品合同的规定，开出以甲方为受益人的足额、即期、不可撤销，可分割、可转让的信用证。
第四条 货币
双方商品均用_____________币计价。乙方提供的全部机械设备及所有仪器、附配件用_____________币作价，甲方提供的补偿商品则按签订合同时甲方出口货物的人民币基价，以当时的人民币对_____________币的汇率折算为_____________币。
第五条 利息计算
甲方所开的远期信用证及乙方所预付货款的利息应由甲方负担。双方议定年利息率为百分之_____________。
第六条 技术服务
货物到达甲方口岸后，由甲方自行安装。但在主要设备安装过程中，甲方认为需要时，乙方必须派出技术人员进行现场指导，提供必要的技术服务，在此过程中由于技术上的问题，所造成的损失由乙方负责。
经双方协商，为完成此项工作，由乙方派出_____________数量的技术人员。在中国的一切费用均由乙方承担。
第七条 附加设备
在执行本协议过程中，如发现本合同项下的机械设备在配套生产时需要继续增添新的机械设备或测试仪器时，可由双方另行协商，予以增订。增订的项目仍应列入本合同范围之内。
第八条 保险
设备进口后由乙方投保。设备所有权在付清货款发生转移后，如发生意外损失先由保险公司向投保人赔付，再按比例退回甲方已支付的设备货款。
第九条 违约责任
乙方不按合同规定购买补偿商品或甲方不按合同规定提供商品时，均应按合同条款承担违约责任，赔偿由此造成的经济损失，并向对方支付该项货款总值的____________%的罚款。
第十条 履约保证
为保证合同条款的有效履行，双方分别向对方提供由各自一方银行出具的保函，予以担保。甲方的担保银行为中国银行____________分行，乙方的担保银行为____________国____________银行。
第十一条 合同条款的变更
本合同内容如遇特殊情况需要变更，须经双方协商一致。
第十二条 不可抗力
合同一方对由下列原因而导致不能或暂时不能履行全部或部分合同义务的，不承担责任：水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或其它任何在签约时该方不能预料、无法控制且不能避免和克服的事件。但该方应尽快地将所发生的事件通知对方，并应在事件发生15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。如果不可抗力事件之影响超过120天，双方应协商合同继续履行或终止履行的事宜。
第十三条 仲裁
因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决，如协商仍不能解决，争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则仲裁，仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有拘束力。仲裁费应由败诉一方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
在仲裁期间，除仲裁部分之外的其它合同条款应继续执行。
第十四条 文字、生效
本合同用中文和英文写成，两种文字具有同等效力。上述两种文字如有不符，以中文为准。
本合同自签字之日起生效，有效期为____________年。期满后，双方如愿意继续合作，经向中国政府有关部门申请，获得批准后，可延期_____________
年或重新签订合同。
甲方：
中国______________ 公司代表
（签字）
乙方：______________国__________公司代表
（签字）
见证人：
中国___________律师事务所律师
（签字）
对外加工装配合同
本合同于二O_____________ 年____________月_________________日在中国__________________
市签订。
甲方为：中国_________________公司
法定地址：
电话：
电传：
乙方为： ______________ 国_____________公司
法定地址：
电话：
电传：
双方在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，特订立本合同。
第一条 贸易内容
（一） 乙方同意按甲方在合同中提出的严格标准和规格，用甲方提供的原料生产甲方指定的产品。
（二） 加工成品名称和数量
1. 成品名称
2. 成品数量
第二条 加工成品规格
根据乙方提供的设计原型，图纸与产品样品，甲乙双方共同制定规范，以满足生产的需要，这种规范要符合加工成品的质量和性能标准。此规范一经双方确定，任何变动只有依双方书面协议修改。
第三条 原材料供应
（一） 本协议期间，最迟在每个公历季度前_________ 月，甲方应向乙方提供该季度甲方定货扔需的生产原材料和消耗材料。
（二） 乙方收到甲方提供的原材料后，应按甲方指定的检查方法立即对原材料进行检查，并将其结果在检查完毕后______________天内向甲方报告。不符合甲方规模要求的原材料不能用来生产指定产品。
第四条 加工费
（一） 加工单价
1. 型 美元/个
2. 型 美元/个
（二） 生产指定产品的加工费应该按上述价格执行并在第一个__________年期内不变。在此____________ 年期后，乙方可在不少于____________
月期间给甲方以书面通知，以求改变加工费。如果甲方接到改变加工费的通知后_____________ 月内不作改变，此协议可以终止。
第五条 支付条款
关于加工费的支付，甲方至于应在每次完工的货物装船____________天以前，由经乙方认可的银行开立以乙方为受益人，金额足以支付装船货物的保兑的不可撤销的信用证。该信用证凭乙方的商业发票、全套提单、装箱单和商检证明议付。
第六条 技术资料和技术服务
（一） 乙方同意向甲方提供组装加工成品所需的图纸，说明书及成品测试、检查标准等。
（二） 甲方同意对乙方在加工装配技术方面的质疑予以解答。
（三） 在合同有效期内，根据乙方请求，甲方同意派遣其工程技术人员到乙方工厂进行与加工装配有关的技术指导。甲方派遣工程技术人员的所有旅行费用和生活费用将由乙方承担。
（四） 在合同有效期内，根据乙方请求，甲方同意乙方人员到甲方工厂接受有关加工装配的技术培训。但乙方每次派遣人数不得超过________人，停留时间不得超过__________天。乙方派遣人员的所有旅行费用和生活费用将由乙方承担。
第七条 质量控制和检测
（一） 生产的成品应由甲方指定的代理人或检验人进行检验，证明产品与甲方指定的质量标准和规范一致。
（二） 如果出现产品不符合甲方标准的情况，甲方可拒绝收货。但，甲方可根据甲乙双方视每次具体情况的折扣议价予以接受。
（三） 乙方为甲方生产的产品至少应与日前第三者销售的类似产品质量相同。合同期间所有影响产品质量、规格的改变应在这种改变运用于产品之前____________天通知甲方。甲方为充分服务市场的目的，可随时建议改变或改进产品，乙方应真诚地考虑采纳这些改变或改进的意见。
第八条 包装与标记
产品要严格按照甲方的指示和出口货物商品常规进行合适包装。包装要严格按甲方指示注明标记。甲方至少在货物完工交运前_____________天给乙方标记指示。
第九条 装运及交货
在CFR和CIF条件下，乙方应在装船期前______________ 天内将船只、船籍、船龄用电传/传真方式通知甲方。在未得到甲方确认时，装运不得进行。甲方应在__________
工作日内予以确认，否则即认为船只得到认可。
在FOB条件下，由甲方负责按照合同规定的交货日期洽定舱位。乙方应在合同规定的装船期前__________日将合同号、货物名称、数量、金额、箱数、总重量、总体积及货物在装运港备妥待运的日期以电传/传真方式通知甲方。甲方应在装船前__________日通知乙方船号、预计装船日期、合同号，以便乙方安排装运。如果有必要改变装运船只到达日期，甲方或其运输代理应及时通知乙方。如船只不能在甲方通知的船期后__________日内到达装运港，甲方应承担从第__________之日起发生的货物仓储保管费用。
船只到达预定装运港时，乙方如未按时将要装载的货物如约备足，则应承担空舱费或滞期费。
在FOB、CFR 和CIF条件下，乙方在货物装船完毕后应立即以电传/传真方式向甲方发出装船通知。装船通知应包括合同号、货物名称、数量、毛重量、包装尺码、发票金额、提单号码、启航日期。
第十条 料件耗用
在加工装配过程中的料件耗用率为_____________%。料件耗用率低于____________%，甲方将免费补充提供已耗用的料件。如料件耗用率超过___________
%，乙方将承担补充耗用料件所发生的一切费用。
第十一条 所有权和风险转移
甲方交给乙方的原材料和用此生产的产品所有权、原材料或产品丢失的或损坏的风险，全部归甲方。不过，从乙方收到运来的材料起至交付产品给甲方时止，乙方经甲方同意，用甲方的费用，在保险公司就货物的各种损坏、毁灭和丢失购买的全值保险，甲方应为此保险的收益人。
第十二条 不可抗力
任何一方对由于下列原因而导致不能或暂时不能履行全部或部分合同义务的，不负责任：水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或其它任何双方在签约时不能预料、无法控制且不能避免和克服的事件。但不可抗力影响的一方，应尽快地将所发生的事件通知对方，并应在事件发生后15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方。
如果不可抗力事件之影响超过120天，双方应协商合同继续履行或终止履行的事宜。
第十三条 仲裁
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有拘束力。仲裁费用应由败诉一方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
第十四条 合同有效期
本合同自双方签字之日起生效，有效期_________________年。
第十五条 合同修改
对本合同的修改，必须经甲、乙双方签署书面协议才能成立。
第十六条 文字
本合同用中文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。上述两种文本如有不符，以中文本为准。
___________ 公司 _____________公司
代表签字： 代表签字：
职务： 职务：
年 月 日
专利许可合同
合同号：
签约日期：
签约地点：
目录
第一条 定义
第二条 合同的内容和范围
第三条 合同价格
第四条 支付条件
第五条 技术服务和培训
第六条 技术资料
第七条 考核与验收
第八条 技术改进
第九条 保证和索赔
第十条 保密
第十一条 侵权
第十二条 税费
第十三条 不可抗力
第十四条 仲裁
第十五条 适用法律
第十六条 合同有效期
附件
附件一：专利资料的名称、内容和申请情况
附件二：合同产品的型号、规格和技术参数
附件三：提成费的起算时间和计算方法
附件四：出让方查帐的内容和方法
附件五：对甲方人员的培训计划
附件六：乙方派遣专家的技术服务计划
附件七：产品考核验收办法
本合同于1993年_______月________ 日在_____________ 订立。合同一方为__________________公司，依中华人民共和国法律组建，注册地址为：中国（以下简称甲方）；合同的另一方（以下简称乙方）。
此证：
鉴于乙方拥有合同所述专利技术；
鉴于乙方有权，并且也同意将专利技术的使用权、制造权和合同产品的销售权授予甲方；
鉴于甲希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同的产品；
双方授权代表经友好协商，同意就以下条款签订本合同。
第一条 定义
本合同下列词语的含义：
1.1 “专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的和/或有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品的专利和专利申请。
1.2 “合同产品”，系指本合同附件二中规定的产品及其改进发展的产品。
1.3 “甲方”系指___________，或者该公司的法人代表、代理或财产继承者；
1.4 “乙方”系指____________ ,或者该公司的法人代表、代理或财产继承者；
1.5 “合同工厂”系指生产合同产品的场所，即____________;
1.6 “备件”，系指用以代替合同产品或其任何部分的备用件；
1.7 “部件”，系指乙方随时书面允许甲方生产和销售的合同产品的构件及零配件；
1.8 “技术资料”，系指列于附件一与制造和维修合同产品有关工程、制造及原始资料，包括与制造设备、工具和装置有关的图纸、蓝本、设计图表、材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料、设计及其说明书等。但上述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料；
1.9 “净销售价”，是指在扣除合同产品的包装费、安装费、运输费、商业和数量折扣、佣金、保险费和税费之后的发票金额；
1.10 “合同生效日”，系指本合同双方管理机构和有关权力机关中最后一方批准合同的日期。
第二条 合同的内容和范围
2.1 甲方同意从乙方获得，乙方同意向甲方转让合同产品的专利技术。这种技术应与乙方最新产品的技术完全一致。
2.2 乙方以非独占方式许可甲方在中国设计和制造合同产品，以及销售和出口产品的权利。
2.3 乙方须向甲方提供与合同产品有关的专利技术资料和样机所需的配件，其具体内容和交付时间，详见本合同附件二。
2.4 本合同产品不包括乙方外购件的专利技术，但乙方必须向甲方提供外购件的样本和技术说明资料与制造厂商的名称。
2.5 乙方有责任接收、安排甲方赴乙方培训的技术人员，乙方应设法使其掌握上述合同产品专利技术。（详见本合同附件五）
2.6 乙方负责自费派遣技术人员赴甲方进行技术服务（详见本合同附件六）
2.7 如甲方需要，乙方同意以最优惠的价格向甲方提供合同产品的零件、材料和配件等。具体内容双方另行协商。
2.8 乙方同意甲方有权使用其商标，在合同产品上亦可以采取双方的联膈商标，或者标明“根据售证方的许可制造”字样。
第三条 合同价格
3.1 按照第二条规定的内容和范围，本合同采用提成方式计算价格，计价的货币为______________.
3.2 本合同提成的计算时间从合同生效之日后的第X X 个月开始，按日历年度计算，每年的十二月三十一日为提成费的结算日。
3.3 提成费按当年度合同产品销售后的净销售价格计算，提成率为X X %，合同产品未销售出去的不应计算提成费。
3.4 在提成费结算日后10天之内甲方应以书面通知的形式向乙方提交上一年度合同产品的销售数量、净销售额和应支付的提成费，净销售额和提成费的具体计算方法详见本合同附件三。
3.5 甲方依据本合同的专利许可，销售的合同产品一经付款则视为货已售出。
3.6 若在交付专利权使用费后，已售合同产品被退回或折价，甲方有权在以后支付的专利权使用费中扣除因此而多支付的专利权使用费。
3.7 乙方如需查核甲方的帐目时，应在接到甲方依上述第3.4款规定开出的书面通知后10天之内通知甲方，其具体的查帐内容和程序详见本合同附件四。
第四条 支付条件
4.1 本合同第三条中规定的提成费，甲方将通过X X X X 银行（此处为甲方的业务银行）和X X X X 银行（此处为乙方的业务银行）支付给乙方，支付中使用的货币为_______________
。
4.2 乙方在收到甲方按第3.4条的规定发出的书面通知后应立即开具有关的单据，甲方在收到乙方出具的下列单据后三十天内，经审核无误，即支付提成费给乙方：
A． 提成费计算单一式四份；
B． 商业发票一式四份；
C． 即期汇票一式二份。
4.3 按本合同规定，如乙方需要向甲方支付罚款或赔偿时，甲方有权从上述支付中直接扣除。
第五条 技术服务和培训
5.1 技术服务
5.1.1 乙方在合同有效期内派遣一名技术专家到甲方，对合同产品的图纸和技术资料进行解释，并就产品设计、制造、调试和检验，以及维修等方面进行技术指导，以使甲方在保证合同产品性能的情况下，能尽快采用国产的材料和元器件，实现合同产品的生产。
5.1.2 乙方在合同有效期内分两次派遣技术人员赴甲方进行技术服务，其30人日。
5.1.3 第一次技术服务在合同生效后第六个月，乙方派遣技术人员1人赴甲方工厂，提供技术指导12人日。
5.1.4 第二次技术服务在合同产品验收期间。乙方派技术人员1人赴甲方工厂，提供技术服务，时间为18人日。
5.1.5 乙方负担其人员的旅差费。甲方负担由驻地到工厂的交通工具和膳宿费。
5.2 技术培训
5.2.1 乙方负责对甲方技术人员进行培训，使甲方受训人员掌握合同产品设计，性能测试，加工工艺，装配工艺和质量检查等技能，使甲方能用乙方提供的资料和专门知识，在合同工厂制造出与乙方产品质量相同的产品。乙方应设法安排甲方受训人员参观制造合同产品外购件的生产过程和合同产品的主要用户。
5.2.2 甲方受训人员在协议期间分两批，320人日以内（翻译除外）赴乙方接受培训。
5.2.3 首批培训时间为合同生效后的第三至第四个月，甲方派技术人员4人，翻译1人到乙方工厂接受为期160人日（每周5天工作日）的培训。内容为合同产品的设计和制造工艺。
5.2.4 第二批培训人员的培训时间为合同生效后的第八至第九个月，甲方派技术人员4人，翻译1人到乙方工厂接受为期160人日（每周5天工作日）的培训，培训内容为合同产品的设计、加工工艺、装配工艺和机器的调试。
5.2.5 甲方负担受训人员的旅费。在乙方受训期间的膳宿费及驻地和工厂之间的交通工具由乙方负责提供。
第六条 技术资料
6.1 乙方应按本合同附年二规定的内容和时间，在______________ 交付技术资料。
6.2 __________________的邮戳日期，为技术资料的实际交付日期。甲方将带有到达印戳日期的空运提单影印本1份寄给乙方。
6.3 在每批技术资料发运后24小时内，乙方应将合同号、空运提单号、空运提单日期、资料项目、件数、重量、航班号和预计抵达日期用电报或电传通知甲方。同时将空运提单和技术资料详细清单各一式2份寄给甲方。
6.4 若技术资料在空运中丢失、损坏、短缺，乙方应在收到甲方书面通知后30天内，免费补寄或重寄给甲方。在甲方收到技术资料后60天内，如果没有以书面形式提出资料不全或增补要求，则视为甲方验收。
6.5 技术资料采用英文，计量单位以公制表示。
第七条 考核与验收
7.1 合同产品的第一台样机，由甲、乙双方组成的联合考核小组，按附件七规定的时间和内容进行考核。如果符合附件一规定的技术要求，即可验收，并由双方代表签署合同产品考核验收合格证书一式4份，双方各执两份。
7.2 如果合同产品的技术性能达不到规定的技术标准，双方应友好协商，共同研究，分析原因，采取措施，消除缺陷，进行第二次性能考核。考核合格后，双方签署考核合格证书。
7.3 如果第一次考核不合格是乙方责任，乙方应自费再次派遣技术人员进行第二次考核。
7.4 经过第二次考核仍不能合格验收，若责任在于乙方，则乙方须赔偿甲方遭受的直接损失，并采取措施，消除缺陷，进行第三次考核。
7.5 经过第三次考核仍不合格，如系乙方责任，则甲方有权终止合同，并按第九条的规定处理。若系甲方责任，则由双方协商合同进一步执行的问题。
第八条 技术改进
8.1 乙方提供的技术资料，如有不适合甲方生产条件的（如设计标准、原材料、外购配件及其他生产设备等等，乙方有责任帮助甲方修改技术资料，并加以确认。在不影响合同产品性能情况下，应采用中国产的原材料、配套元器件和设备。
8.2 在合同有效期内，双方对合同产品的任何改进和创新，都免费将改进或创新的技术资料提供给对方。
8.3 改进或创新的技术所有权属于改进或创新一方，另一方不得对其申请专利或将其转让给第三者。
第九章 保证和索赔
9.1 乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际使用的最新技术资料，并保证向甲方及时提供任何改进和发明的技术资料。
9.2 乙方保证所提供的技术资料是完整的、正确的、清晰的，并保证按时交付。
9.3 如果乙方提供的技术资料不符合第六条规定，乙方必须在收到甲方书面通知后30天内免费将所缺的技术资料，或清晰、正确的资料寄给甲方。
9.4 如乙方的技术资料不能按本合同附件二规定的时间交付，乙方则须按下列比例支付罚款给甲方：
（1） 迟交1至4周，罚款为合同总价的X %；
（2） 迟交5至8周，罚款为合同总价的X %；
（3） 迟交超过8周，罚款为合同总价的X %。
9.5 乙方按本条规定被罚款时，并不解除其继续交付技术资料的义务。
9.6 如果乙方迟交技术资料6个月以上，甲方有权终止合同。乙方须将甲方已给交付的全部金额，并加年利X %的利息，一并退还甲方。
9.7 由于乙方责任，验收不合格，造成甲方有能正常投产而终止合同时，乙方应退还甲方已经支付给乙方的全部金额，并加年利X %的利息。
9.8 如因乙原因，产品部分性能指标没能达到合同产品的规定时，视具体情况，乙方须按合同总价的X %予以赔偿，但是，若因甲方原因产品没能达到性能指标时，甲方应按合同规定支付全部金额。
第十条 保密
10.1 乙方根据本协议所提供的一切图纸、设计、说明书及其他技术资料，甲方均须严格保密；未得到乙方的书面同意，不得以任何方式出售、转让或泄露给任何人，但不包括甲方为生产合同产品而使用技术资料的雇员。但是，甲方可以向分包合同人提供生产合同产品部件所必须的技术资料，分包人须书面保证对其所得到产品技术资料承担严格的保密义务。
10.2 若上述技术资料由乙方或任何第三方部分或全部公开，则甲方对已公开的技术不再承担保密义务。
10.3 本合同终止后，甲方有权使用乙方所提供的专利，即甲方可以继续设计、制造、使用、销售和出口合同产品。
第十一条 侵权
11.1 乙方保证，它是依本合同条款转让给甲方的专利权的合法所有人，在法律上享有向甲方转让专利权的权利。若发生侵犯任何第三者权利的事件，则乙方应对侵权事件负责，并承担由此而产生的全部法律和经济责任。
11.2 本合同附件一列明乙方关于合同产品的专利和专利申请。合同生效后一个月内，乙方将向甲方提供2份专利证书和专利申请的影印本。
第十二条 税费
12.1 凡因履行本合同而发生在甲方国家以外的一切税费，均由乙方负担。
12.2 乙方因履行本合同而在中国境内获得的收入，必须按中国税法纳税。
第十三条 不可抗力
13.1 签约的任何一方，由于战争、严重水灾、火灾、台风、地震以及双方同意的其他不可抗力事故而无法按期执行合同时，则可延长合同的期限，延长期相当于事故所影响的时间。
13.2 受影响的一方应尽快将发生不可抗力事故以电传或电报通知对方，并于此后14天内以航空挂号邮件将有关当局出具的证明文件提交另一方确认。
13.3 如不可抗力事故延续到120天以上，双方应通过友好协商尽快解决合同继续执行的问题。
第十四条 仲裁
14.1 因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如经协商仍达不成协议时，则应提交仲裁解决。
14.2 仲裁将在瑞典斯德哥尔摩进行，由斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院根据该院的章程进行仲裁。
14.3 仲裁的裁决是终局的，对双方均具有约束力。
14.4 仲裁费用由败诉方负担。
14.5 若仲裁的内容是合同的部分条款，合同的其他条款在仲裁期间应继续执行。
第十五条 适用法律
本合同的解释和执行以中华人民共和国的法律为依据。
第十六条 合同有效期
16.1 本合同由双方代表于2001年8月8日签，合同签订后，由各方分别向本公司管理机构或本国政府当局申请批准，以最后一方的批准日期为合同生效日期。双方应尽力在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用邮件确认。若本合同自签字之日起6个月仍不能生效，双方均有权解除合同。
16.2 本合同有效期十年，期满时自动失效。
16.3 本合同期满时，双方发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务。
本合同有中、英两种文本。当对其中条款的解释产生异议时，以中文文本为准。
甲方：_______________ 乙方：_______________
代表：_______________ 代表：_______________
中外合资经营企业合同
目录
第一章 总则
第二章 合营公司各方
第三章 合营公司的建立
第四章 生产经营目的、范围和规模
第五章 投资总额与注册资本
第六章 合营各方责任
第七章 合营公司的场地使用权和费用
第八章 产品销售
第九章 董事会
第十章 经营管理机构
第十一章 筹备和组建
第十二章 劳动管理
第十三章 税务、财务、审计
第十四章 外汇管理
第十五章 期限、终止和清算
第十六章 保险
第十七章 合同的修改、变更与解除
第十八章 违约责任
第十九章 不可抗力
第二十章 适用法律
第二十一章 争议的解决
第二十二章 文字
第二十三章 合同生效及其它
第一章 总则
根据《中华人民共和国外合资企业法》和中国的其它有关法律及法规，中国X X公司和X X国X X 公司本着平等互利的原则，通过友好协商，同意在中华人民共和国共同投资举办合资经营公司于X
X 年X X 月X X 日订立本合同（以下简称合同）
第二章 合营公司各方
第一条 本合同的各方为：中国X X公司（以下简称“甲方”），是依据中华人民共和国法律，成立的现有企业。在中国X X 工商行政管理局登记注册，当定地址在中国X地，邮政编码为X
X ，法定代表姓名：X X ，职务：X X，国籍：X X，电话：X X传真：X X。 X X X 国X X 公司（以下简称“乙方”），是依据X
X 国适用法律成立并在该国登记注册的现有企业。其法定地址在X是，法定代表姓名：X X ，职务：X X，国籍：X X，电话：X X传真：X
X。
第二章 合营公司的建立
第二条 甲、乙双方根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》和中国的其它有关法律及法规，同意在中国______________建立合资经营公司（以下简称“合营公司”）
第三条 合营公司的中文名称为X X有限公司，合营公司的英文名称为：X X，其缩写为：X X。
合营公司的法定地址为：X X
第四条 合营公司在中国的工商行政管理机关登记注册并领取营业执照后，即取得中国法人资格，受中国颁布的法律约束与保护。其一切活动，应遵守中国的法律、法规和条例。
第五条 合营公司的组织形式为有限责任公司。甲、乙双方仅以现行的或日后修改的本合同所规定的各自认缴的出资额对合营公司承担责任。在上述前提下，各方按其认缴的出资额在注册资本中的比例分享利润和分担风险及亏损。
第四章 生产经营目的、范围和规模
第六条 甲、乙双方合资经营的目的是：本着加强经济合作和技术交流的愿望，采用先进而适用的技术的科学的经营管理方法，提高产品质量，发展新产品，并在质量、价格等方面具有国际市场上的竟争能力，提高经济效益，使投资各方获得清满意的经济利益。
第七条 合营公司的生产经营范围是：
第八条 合营公司的生产经营规模为：
第五章 投资总额与注册资本
第九条 合营公司的投资总额为 万美元
第十条 合营公司的注册资本为 万美元
由甲、乙双方认缴出资组成。
甲方出资： 万美元，占注册资本的 %
其中：厂房设施 万美元
（见附件一：合营公司厂地划定图表）
机器设备 万美元
（见附件二：甲方出资的机器设备明细表）
乙方出资： 万美元，占注册资本的 %
现金： 万美元
美元与人民币的计算，按缴付出资当日中华人民共和国国家外汇管理局公布的外汇牌价中间值计算。由于汇率变化，甲、乙方将增加或减少设备的投入以保证出资比例不变。甲方声明，甲方出资的上述资产已经国有资产管理局（以下简称“国管局”）评估。
第十一条 合营公司应按下述规定提供各自的投资，甲方应在取得工商局核发的营业执照之日起X天内将其投入的资产移交到合营公司名下；乙方出资自合营公司营业执照签发之日起X天内全部缴清或按下述情况缴付，在营业执照颁发之日起X月内缴付不少于总出资额的百分之X
%。
甲方出资以办完所需的法律手续为准：
乙方现金出资以中国银行收到汇票的日期为准。
第十二条 在合营公司经营期内，各方可以根据合营公司生产经营的需要，按出资比例向合营公司再投资，各方也可从合营公司获得的利润按出资比例向合营再投资，直至达到合营公司投资总额。
第十三条 甲、乙双方按照以下第十条以现金和/或实物出资后，应立即聘请在中国注册的会计师对其出资额进行验证并出具验资证明。合营公司据此发给甲、乙各方邮资证明书，确认各自的出资日期和金额。
第十四条 在本合同的有效期限内，双方都不得以任何方式减少其已投入的资本。甲、乙双方如向第三者转让其全部或部分出资额，须经另一方同意，并报审批机关批准。一方转让其全部或部分出资额时，另一方有优先购买权。
第十五条 在本合同的有效期内，任何一方未经合营公司董事会一致同意，不得将其在合营公司中出资额的任何部分抵押给任何第三方。
第六章 合营各方责任
第十六条 甲方责任：
1. 办理为设立合营公司向中国有关主管部门申请批准、登记注册、领取营业执照等事宜；
2. 组织合营公司厂房和其他工程设施的设计、施工；
3. 按第十条、第十一条规定缴付出资；
4. 协助合营公司在中国境内购置或租赁设备、材料、办公用具、交通工具、通讯设施等；
5. 协助合营公司联系落实水、电、交通通讯等基础设施；
6. 协助合营公司招聘当地的中国籍的经营管理人员、技术人员、工人和所需的其他人员；
7. 协助外籍工作人员办理所需的入境签证、工作许可证和旅行证件和手续等；
8. 负责办理合营公司委托的其他事宜。
第十七条 乙方责任：
1. 按第十条、第十一条规定缴付出资；
2. 协助合营公司进行合同引进项目的联络以及安排技术转让的有关事宜；
3. 协助合营公司对国际市场进行调研及开拓；
4. 协助合营公司在中国境外选购机械设备、材料等；
5. 协助合营公司招聘外籍管理人员及其他工作人员；
6. 负责办理合营公司委托的其他事宜。
第七章 合营公司的场地使用权和费用
第十八条 自合营公司成立之日起，甲方将按照划定的场地，交付合营公司使用。甲方保证合营公司对该场地有独立使用权。根据中华人民共和国和北京市有关规定，合营公司每年缴纳土地使用费。
第十九条 合营公司应与甲方就水、电、蒸气、厂内通道等公用设施签订有偿使用协议（见附件三），以使合营公司得到保持稳定生产和经营所需的公用设施。
第八章 产品销售
第二十条 合营公司在领到营业执照后，有权根据执照的规定，在国内和国际市场自行销售其产品，并开展与销售有关的其他服务。
第二十一条 为了保证合营公司的成功，合营公司应将出口销售和取得外汇收入放在优先地位。合营公司可以由下列渠道出口产品：
1. 通过双方各自的销售网络或其它渠道出口；
2. 由合营公司直接出口；
3. 经过其它代理机构出口。
第二十二条 双方承认，产品出口与材料国产化是保持合营公司外汇平衡的重要手段。双方同意，将尽最大努力协助合营公司进行出口。
第二十三条 合营公司可以有关部门批准后，采取中国有关法律、法规允许的其他措施来保持外汇平衡，这些措施包括在国内市场销售产品收取外汇。
第九章 董事会
第二十四条 合营公司设董事会。董事会由X名董事组成，其中X名由甲方委派，X名由乙方委派。合营公司注册之日为合营公司董事会成立之日。
第二十五条 合营公司设董事会董事长一名（以下称为董事长），董事会副董事长X名（以下称为副董事长），首任董事长由甲（或乙）方从甲（乙）方董事中指定，副董事长由乙（或甲）方从乙（甲）方董事中指定，任期四年。其后各任以轮换方式进行。
第二十六条 董事从委派之日起任期四年，经提名方再次委派，可以连任。董事会因故出现空缺时，应由原提名方及时指派人员继任。任何一方都可以随时更换其委派的董事（包括董事长和副董事长）。当更换人选时，有关一方应于十四天前书面通知董事会和另一方。
第二十七条 董事会是合营公司的最高权力机构，决定合营公司一切重大事宜。下列事宜，董事会应一致通过方可作出决定：
1. 合营公司的章程和章程修改；
2. 合营公司的中止与解散；
3. 合营公司与另一经济组织的合并、兼并与联合；
4. 合营公司注册资本的增加与转让；
5. 设立合营的分支机构；
6. 批准合营公司的中长期发展规划；
7. 决定合营公司年工经营方针和计划；
8. 批准年度财务预算，财务报告和会计报表；
9. 决定合营公司年度利润分配方案；
10. 总经理、副总经理的任免；
11. 涉及任何一方和合营公司利益冲突的事项。
对以下事项，须经出席董事会的至少X名重事通过：
1. 合营公司年度流动资金贷款的最高额及有关合营公司资产的购置、租赁、出卖或抵押等事宜；
2. 合营公司的劳动合同和重要的规章制度；
3. 审查并批准总经理提出的年度经营报告；
4. 任免由总经理提名董事会聘任的高级管理人员，决定上述人员的工资和生活福利待遇；
5. 按照中国政府的有关规定，制定合营公司的组织机构；
6. 确定和调整合营公司的组织机构；
7. 决定合营公司从税后利润中提取储备基金、企业发展基金和职工奖励及福利基金的比例；
8. 决定合营公司的保险种类和投保范围；
9. 关于董事会对总经理经营权限的授予；
10. 决定合营公司职工的住房及各项福利事宜；
11. 其它应由董事会决定的事宜。
第二十八条 董事长是合营公司的法定代表，董事长因故不能履行其职责时，可临时授权副董事长或其它董事（在副董事长不在时）代表合营公司。董事会与董事不得干预总经理的日常经营管理工作。
第二十九条 董事会会议每年至于召开一次，由董事长召集并主持会议。经X名以上（含X名）董事提议，董事长可发召开董事会临时会议。董事会会议原则上在合公营公司所在地举行，也可以通过传或传真交换书面表决的形式举行。出席董事会会议的法定人数为全体董事会的四分之三。不够四分之三的人数时，其通过的决议无效。董事不能出席时，可出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。如届时未出席也未委托他人出席，则作为弃权。会议记录应归档保存，会议记录用中英文文字书写，并且每个出席会议的董事均应在会议记录上签字。
第十章 经营管理机构
第三十条 合营公司设经营管理机构，负责合营公司的日常经营管理工作。
经营管理机构设总经理一名，副总经理X名。首任总经理由乙（或甲）方委派，副总经理由甲、乙各委派X名。总经理、副总经理由董事会聘任，任期X年，经董事会决定，任期可相应延长。
第三十一条 合营公司实行董事分领导下的总经理负责制。总经理直接对董事会负责，执行董事会会议的各项决议，组织领导合营公司的日常经营管理工作。在董事会授权的范围内，总经理代表合营公司行使董事会授予的职权。副总经理协助总经理工作。
第三十二条 副董事长或其他董事，经董事会委派可兼任总经理、副总经理或总经理助理。
第三十三条 高级管理人员由甲、乙双方推荐并经董事会聘任，分别担任合营公司设置的各管理部门的部门经理。他们对总经理和副总经理负责。
第三十四条 经营管理机构有权在董事会授权范围内决定下列问题：
1. 季度、年度生产计划和预算以及合营公司其他经营工作；
2. 签订、修改或取消任何长期（一年以上）购销或分销售合同；
3. 签订关于合营公司资金贷款或对合营公司提供信贷的合同；
4. 签订任何借款合同；
5. 高级管理人员的聘用与辞退；
6. 组织分支机构的建立；
7. 组织制定与提议修改管理员工的标准或规定；
8. 有关职工养老金、退休、奖励、保险或其他福利计划的事务；
9. 除第九、第十章明确规定应由董事会处理以外的合营公司的经营有关的其他所有事务；
第三十五条 总经理、副总经理有营私舞弊、严重失职、不胜任工作的，经董事会会议决议可随时撤换。
第十一章 筹备和组建
第三十六条 合营公司在筹备期间，或设立筹备处，筹备处由X人组成，其：甲方X人，乙方X人。筹备主任一人，由甲（或乙）方推荐，副主任一人，由乙（或甲）方推荐。
第三十七条 筹备处负责有关合营公司筹备和建设的具体事宜。
第三十八条 筹备处在保营公司组建完成并办理守毕移交手续后，经董事会批准撤销。
第十二章 劳动管理
第三十九条 合营公司员工的招收、招聘、辞退、工资、劳动保险、生活福利和奖惩及有关员工的其它事项，按照《中华人民共和国中外合资企业劳动管理规定》及其实施办法和北京市的有关规定，由总经理制定，经董事会决定后发布执行。
第四十条 合营公司享有聘用及辞退员工的劳动管理自主权。
第四十一条 合营公司与员工个人订立劳动合同，劳动合同应上报北京市劳动局备案。
第四十二条 乙方在任何推荐不超过X名的高级管理人员任职。
第四十三条 工资待遇、福利补贴标准为：
乙方高级管理人员的工资为每人每年（ ）美元，各项福利补贴为每人每年（ ）美元（见附件四）。该工资及福利补贴由合营公司支付给乙方。
全体甲方高级管理人员的工资总额为每年（ ）美元等额的人民币（见附件五）。支付办法按照中华人民共和国北京市有关规定办理。
第四十四条 合营公司中方职工的工资待遇，按照北京市劳动局的规定，根据合营公司具体情况，由董事会确定。随着生产的发展，职式业务能力的技术水平的提高，合营公司将相应提高职工工资。合营公司方退休人员的工资按北京市劳动局的规定办理。
第四十五条 合营公司总经理有权对违犯合营公司的规章制度和劳动纪委的职工给予警告、记过、降薪的处分，情形严重，解除合同。对被解除合同的职工，报当地劳动部门备案。
第四十六条 合营公司根据中华人民共和国和北京市职工劳动保护的有关规定，确保职工在正常生产条件下工作。
第四十七条 总经理遵照董事会通过的合营公司奖励制度对职工进行奖励。
第十三章 税务、财务、审计
第四十八条 合营公司按照中华人民共和国的有关法律和法规规定缴纳各项税金；合营公司中外职工均应按照中华人民共和国有关税法缴纳个人所得税。
第四十九条 合营公司应按照中国法律、法规以及其他规定向当地的税务局申请合营公司、合营双方及其工作人员享受税收方面的优惠待遇。
第五十条 合营公司的财务会计按照中华人民共和国财政部制定的中华人民共和国投资企业会计制度规定办理。并遵守中国的法律、法规和条例。
第五十一条 合营公司会计年度采用日历年制，从每年一月一日起到十二月三十一日止，一切记帐凭证、单据、报表、帐簿、报告应用中文书写。
第五十二条 合营公司应采用人民币为记帐的本位币。此外，对于外汇帐目，以外汇现金、银行存款、债权、债务、收益、支出等表示的外汇实际收支或预期收支均应有详细记录和必要的报告及报表。
第五十三条 合营公司经营管理机构应每月准备有关的财务报表，并在每会计年度的年末准备所有需要的其他报表的报告。年终财务报表（用中、英文书写）应报董事会批准并报法地税务机关和合营公司甲、乙方各自的主管部门。
第五十四条 按照中华人民共和国中外合资企业有关税法的规定，由董事会决定合营公司固定资产的折旧年限。
第五十五条 合营公司应对财务工作进行内部审计。合营公司的外部财务审查由在中国注册的会计师进行审计。并将报告提交董事会和总经理。如乙方认为需要聘请其他国家的审计师对年度财务进行审查，甲方应予以同意。其所需要一切费用由乙方负担。
第五十六条 合营公司按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》的规定，从税后利润中提取储备基金、企业发展基金和职工福利奖励基金，每年提取的比例由董事会根据合营公司经营情况讨论决定。
第五十七条 合营公司依法纳税和提取三项基金后的利润应按照甲、乙方在注册资本中的出资比例进行分配。但经董事会一致同意另行规定者除外。
第五十八条 合营公司上一个会计年度亏损未弥补前不得分配利润。以前会计年度未分配的利润可并入本会计年度的利润分配。
第五十九条 合营公司每年分配利润一次，每个会计年度后三个月内公布前一年度利润分配方案及各方应分的利润额。
第十四章 外汇管理
第六十条 合营公司的一切外汇事宜，按照《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》和不关规定办理，有关外汇平衡的事宜应按照有关规定办理。
第六十一条 合营公司的所有外汇收入必须存入中国银行外汇帐户，合营公司的所有外汇支出将从该外汇帐户中支取，合营公司的外汇必须保证下列支出：
（1） 为合营公司进口必要的机器设备、零件和材料；
（2） 支付合营公司外籍管理人员的工资和合营公司雇员的海外旅行费用；
（3） 偿还合营公司外汇贷款和利息；
第六十二条 鉴于乙方以外汇形式进行投资，合营公司将从其通过出口或其它方法所得外汇收入中优先支付乙方应得利润。
第六十三条 在合营期满或终止的情况，乙方将优先获得合营公司剩余财产中的外汇部分。
第六十四条 根据中华人民共和国有关法律和规定，合营公司将努力减少乙方外汇投资风险。
第十五章 期限、终止和清算
第六十五条 合营的期限为X年。合营公司的成立日期为合营公司营业执照签发之日。
如经双方同意，董事会会议一致通过，可以在合营公司期满前一百八十天，向原审批机构申请延长合营公司期限。
第六十六条 董事会在一致同意的前提下，可提前终止合营公司。该项终止应在终止前九十天经董事会会议决定，并报送原审批机构批准。
第六十七条 发生下列情况之一时，甲、乙任何一方有权依法终止合营：
1. 合营公司期限届满。
2. 合营公司严重亏损，无力继续经营。
3. 由于不可抗力造成严重损失，以致无力继续经营。
4. 双方中的任何一方无力或未能履行本合同和章程所规定的义务，致使合营公司无法继续经营。
5. 合营公司未达到预计的经营目的，同时又无发展前途。
第六十八条 合营公司在得到终止营业的批准之后，应立即进行财产清理。董事会应提出清理程序、原则和清算委员会人选，报有关部门审核。在清理期间，合营公司应停止其经济行动，清算委员会应负责要求合营公司遵守有关的法律程序。合营公司应首先给予债权人以优先清偿权，其余的资产应在甲、乙方中按出资比例进行分配。
第六十九条 合营公司清算工作结束后，合营公司应向原审批机构提交清算报告。并向原登记管理机构办理注销登记手续，交回营业执照并同时对外公告。合营公司解散后，各项帐册应由甲方保存。
第十六章 保险
第七十条 合营公司的各项保险均在中国人民保险公司投保，投保险别、保险价值、保期等按照中国人民保险公司的规定由合营公司董事会会议讨论决定。
第十七章 合同的修改、变更与解除
第七十一条 对本合同及其附件的修改，必须经甲、乙双方签署书面协议，并报原审批机构批准，才能生效。
第七十二条 由于一方不履行合同、章程规定的义务或严重违反合同、章程的规定，造成合营公司无法经营或无法达到合同规定的经营目的，视作违约方片面终止合同，对方除有权向违约一方索赔外，并有权按合同规定报原审批机构批准终止合同。如甲、乙双方同意继续经营，违约方应赔偿合营公司的经济损失。
第十八章 违约责任
第七十三条 甲、乙任何一方未按本合同第五章的规定依期按数提交完出资额时，从逾期第一个月算起，每逾期一个月，违约方应支付应缴出资额的百分之二（2%）的违约金给守约的一方。如逾期三个月仍未提交，除累计缴付应交出资额的百分之八（8%）的违约金外，守约一方有权按本合同第七十二条规定终止合同，并要求违约方赔偿损失。
第七十四条 由于一方违约，造成本合同及其附件不能履行或不能完全履行时，由违约一方承担由此产生的责任，如属双方违约根据实际情况，由双方分别承担各自应负的责任。
第十九章 不可抗力
第七十五条 由于如地震、台风、水灾、战争以及其它不能预见并且对其发生和后果不能防止或避免的不可抗力事件，影响任何一方履行合同时，遇有上述不可抗力的一方，应立即电报、传真通知对方，并应在十五天内，提供不可抗力详情及合同不能履行或者部分不能履行，或者需要延期履行的出由的有效证明文件，此项证明文件应由不可抗力发生地区的公证机构出具，按其对履行合同影响的程度，由双方协商决定是否解除合同，或者部分免除履行合同的责任，或者延期履行合同。
第二十章 适用法律
第七十六条 本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。
第二十一章 争议的解决
第七十七条 凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决；如果协商不能解决应提交中国国际贸易促进委员会，是中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会的仲裁程序规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。
第七十八条 在仲裁过程中，除双方有争议正在进行仲裁的部分外，本合同应继续履行。
第二十二章 文字
第七十九条 本合同用中文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。中、英文本正本各四（4）份，上述两种文本如有不符，以中文本为准。
第二十三章 合同生效及其它
第八十条 附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分；
附件一：合营公司厂地划定图表
附件二：甲方出资的机器设备明细表
附件三：合营公司对甲方公用设施有偿使用的协议
附件四：乙方高级管理人员工资福利协议书
附件五：甲方高级管理人员工资福利协议书
第八十一条 本合同及其附件，均须经中华人民共和国北京市对外经济贸易委员会批准，自批准之日起生效。
第八十二条 甲、乙双方用电报、电传或传真发送的涉及各方权利、义务的通知，应随之以书面信件通知。合同中所列甲、乙双方的法定地址，即为甲、乙双方的邮政地址。
第八十三条 本合同于一九X X 年 月 日由甲、乙双方的正式授权代表在中国X地签字。
中国X公司 X国X X X 公司
代表签字： 代表签字：
职务： 职务：
20X X 年X月X日
借款合同
本借款合同于20 年 月 日由借款人，X公司（简称“借款人”），代理人，A银行（简称“代理行”），经理人，B 银行和C银行（简称“经理行”），代理人，以及贷款人若干银行与在签名页上列明为银行的金融机构（合称时表述为“各行”，单称一家时表述为“银行”）签署。
鉴于借款人提出从银行借款，各银行分别地但不连带地提出向借款贷款，总额为_____________万美元，当事人协议如下：
1． 定义；解释
1．1 定义 为本合同目的，下列术语具有所指明的含义：
“银行工作日”指伦敦同业银行市场和各银行在伦敦进行美元存款交易的营业日，而不是指纽约市法律规定或许可的停业日。“伦敦银行工作日”指伦敦同业银行和伦敦银行进行美元存款交易日。
“付款日”指第2.2条中该术语的含义。
“美元”或“$”指美国的法定货币。
“付息日”：指就利息期而言，该利息期的最后一天。
“利息期”指在付款日开始（就任何后续利息期而言），并且在与付款日日数相应之日或其后第六个月最后一天（视具体情况而定）终止的时期。
“贷款分行”，就任何银行而言，指附录1中指定的某银行办事处或为本合同目的，该银行在任何时候通知代理行和借款人得指定作为其贷款分行的其他办事处。
“伦敦银行同业拆借利率”：就任何利息期而言，指代理行所决定的任何利率（以年利率表示），即若干参考行（或者，如果该参考行不是一家银行，则由该参考行的办事处或附属机构中是银行的，）通知代理行各自利率之后所计算的平均匡算（进位到最近的百分之八分之一（1/8%），在某利息期开始前两个伦敦银行工作日上午11时正，各参考行按照各自利率向伦敦银行同业市场上的主要银行提供期限与上述利息期相同的美元存款，数额与该利息期内预计贷借的、进位到100万美元的完整倍数的贷款数额实际相等（不考虑任何权利或义务的让与或转让）。但是，如果任何参考行设有如此通知利率，伦敦银行同业拆放率必须以其余参考行通知代理行的利率为基础，确定伦敦银行同业拆放率。
“贷款”：就任何时间的任何银行而言，指该银行据此进行的贷款，或该银行据此进行的本金数额尚未归还贷款（视具体情况而定），任何时间的“各贷款”指所有银行有上述时间贷款的总和。
“贷款承诺”：就任何银行而言指的并在借款合同的签字页该银行名称旁写明的数额。
“多数贷款权银行”指在支付任何贷款前的任何时间，贷款承诺总额占全部贷款承诺50%以上的各行，以及在此后任何时间，拥有该时间内占贷款本金总和5%以上贷款的各行。
“利差”为1%。
“票据”指证明任何贷款的每一张本票，基本上按附录2的格式。
“参考银行”指B银行，C银行以及D银行在伦敦的总行。
“子公司”指任何时候的任何实体，该实体50%以上的公开发行的表决权股或其他通常有权选举其事或其他管理部门（不论如何指定）的股东权益，由借款人、一个或更多的实体实际拥有或者直接或间接控制，或者由借款人以及一个或更多的实体实际拥有或者直接或间接控制。
“终止日”指20 年 月 日。
“全部贷款承诺”指5000万美元。
“美国”指美利坚合众国。
1．2 解释 本文目录以及条款的标题仅供查阅方便之用，不影响本文任何条款的含义或解释。
2． 承诺；付款
2．1 贷款承诺 每个银行按照本合同所规定的条款和条件，分别地但不连带地同意，通过其贷款分行，向借款人提供与该银行贷款承诺的本金数额相等的贷款。
2．2 通知与借款承诺 如果借款人希望借入与贷款承诺相等的数额，则应在有迟于它借款日之间5个银行工作日，不晚于纽约时间下午5时，基本上按照附录3的格式，向代理行发出关于该日（“付款日”）的通知，该日应为公司终止日之前的一个银行工作日，并不知其在纽约的账户，贷款的收入贷记入该账户，发送上述通知，构成借款人在付款日借入上述数额的不可撤销的承诺。
2．3 付款 代理行应立那以电传或电报向各行通知付款日。各行应在付款日纽约时间上午10时，按照本合同规定的条件，向代理提供与该行贷款承诺相等的资金金额，其方式或通过纽约银行间清算系统结算的资金，可按照代理行随时决定的、为在纽约市用国际银行交易惯用以美元结算的其他资金，存入其在B
行账号为X X X – X X X X的账户或通知各行已经因此指定的其他账户，代理行应按照本合同规定的条件，在付款日将所收资金贷记入借款人根据第2.2条指定的账户。
3． 还款
3．1 还款 除本合同另有明文规定，借款人分___________个半年期偿还贷款。每期的数额相当于贷款的_____________分之一。但头____________期每期均应进位到1美元的完整倍数，最后一期为全部清偿尚未偿还的贷款余额所必要的数额。每期贷款应在自第__________个会付息日开始的连续付息日支付。
3．2 自愿提前偿还贷款借款人得在付息日以500万美元的完整倍数全部或部分提前还款。借款人应在其希望还款的日期之前第15个银行工作日，且不晚于纽约时间下午5时，向代理行发出有关上述日期和提前还款数额的不可撤销的通知。所定数额连同到付息日利息在该日并对各行按对其提前偿还数额百分之二分之一（1/2%）的升水支付。提前还款部分应按在贷款中的比例分摊，并按第3.1长规定的分期，按倒序偿还。提前偿还的数额不得根据本合同重新借用。
3．3 非法行为 如果任何银行在任意时间确定，任何法律、行政条例或条约或其中的任何变动，或其解释或适用的任何变动，使银行进行贷款或继续贷款或要求或收受任何应付数额的行为不合法时，该银行应将上述决定通知借款。如果在该
笔贷款支付之前发送此通知，则该银行在本合同项下的义务将因发送通知而告终止。如果在上述贷款支付之后发送，则借款人应在紧接着通知日之后的付息日提前偿还全部贷款；或者，如果该银行确定，在付息日之前需要提前偿贷款，则根据该银行的要求，不需支付升水但应连同支付该贷款提前偿还之日应付的利息，以及借款人应付给该行的所有其他金额。
4． 利息
4．1 基本利率（1）除第4.2条或4.3条另有明确规定外，每笔贷款在每一利息期应付利息，自利息期的第一天算起（包括第一天在内），到该利息期的最后一天（但不包括最后一天在内），年利相当于该利息期利差加伦敦银行同业拆借利率的金额。
（2）除本合同另有明确规定外，贷款的应付利息应在每一付息日交付。
（3）代理行应在每次决定伦敦银行同业拆放率后，立即通知借款人和各行。
4．2 延迟支付的利息如果借款人应付的任何金额到期未付，（无论是正常到期还是加速到期）上述金额在利息期内的利息应在准据法，所允许的范围内支付，自到期之日（包括该日在内）起到上述金额支付日（但不包括该日）止，年利数额相当于该利息期内每天（1）利差，（2）1%，以及（3）下述的最高额：（i）
代理行在伦敦银行同业市场上述金额美元存款的隔日报价（以年率表示），（ii）利息期内到期日为付息日的伦敦银行同业拆借利率（或者，如果到期日不是付息日，则为该利息日所在的利息期内），以及（iii）在该到期是（如果该到期日是利息期的首日）开始的利息期的伦敦银行同业拆放率（或者第4.3条规定的伦敦银行同业拆放率的替代利率）。
4．3 替代利率 如果代理行在与各行进行实际可行的协商之后，在任何时候确定（1）不可能确定上一利息期的伦敦银行同业拆放率，或（2）该利息期内的伦敦银行同业拆借利率不能充分地反映利息期内多数贷款权银行在伦敦银行同业市场获得的美元存款的费用，代理行应立即将这一决定通知借款人和各行。如果通知是在发放贷款之前发出，则银行在本合同项下的贷款义务则基于此通知而终止。如果通知是在贷款发放之后的任何时间发出，则每家银行应尽快地将利率通知借款人。该利率由上述银行按给该行提供该利息期贷款的实际费用加1%（以年率表示）确定。银行贷款利息应在该利息期内，以该行的通知所规定的利率计息。按照该行的请求，借款人应签署并提义为充分有效地实施本款规定所需的单据，包括，但不限于，为交换该行持有的票据而应由该行签署并交付的新票据。
5． 费用
5．1 承诺费 借款人每年应支付银行贷款承诺总额0.5%的承诺费。从签订合同之日起（包括该日在内），到贷款发放日和终止日中较早之日（但不包括该日在内）为止，从其后第3个月的该日起开始按季支付至发放日与终止日中较早之日。
5．2 管理费 借款人应支付给管理行相等于贷款总额1%的管理费，在该日支付。
5．3 代理费 借款人应向代理行支付代理费，代理费包括（1）贷款日和终止日两者之中较早之日后的60天内，支付___________美元，和（2）借款人在提款的周年日应付或偿还的任何金额尚未偿还时，则按提款日每一周年支付_________美元。
6． 税款
6．1 不得抵销、反索或预扣，补足条款，根据本合同，借款人所应作出的每次付款或开出的票据，均不得抵销或反索，并不得预扣由任何地点或其任何政府性分支机构、或税务当局征收的任何性质的、目前或将来的税款。但是，如果法律规定从止述支付额中扣交税款，则借款人应为银行或代理行扣交，并按时支付给有关政府机构。其后付给各行和代理行另外一笔金额，以保证该行或代理行除去税收的实际所得净值，与如果对该笔支付没有扣交税额时的所得相等。所有上述税款均应由借款人需要在支付罚金或付息之日前支付。但是，如果任何上述罚金或利息到期应付，借款人应向政府主管当局立即支付。如果代理行或任何银行应支付上述税款、罚金苛利息的任何金额，则借款人一经要求，即应用美元如数补偿代理行或银行。如果划款人应交任何税款，则应在交税后30天之内，将证明上述交税的官方税收收据或证明副本交付代理行。
6．2 印花税 借款人应支付与本合同或票据有关的任何管辖地征收的注册税或转让税，印花税或类似的关税以及应付的罚金、利息。如果代理行或任何银行支付了任何上述税款，罚金和利息，则借款人一经要求即应如数补偿代理行或该行。
7． 付款；计算
7．1 款项的支付 （1）借款人按照本合同的应付款项或票据，应在上述应付之日纽约时间上午11时为止，用美元、用纽约银行间清算的资金，或按照代理行随时决定的、为在纽约市用国际银行交易惯用的以美元结算的其他资金，支付给代理行在B银行开立的账号为第X
X X – X X X X 号的账号，或代理行通知借款人指定的其他账户。
（2）凡根据本合同或根据票据写明到期应付款，或任何利息期的终止日在某规定月分的特定日，如果没有相应的日期，则应在该月最后一个银行营业日付款或终止（视具体情况而定）。凡写明上述支付的到期日或任何处处期的终止日不是银行工作日，则在下一银行工作日支付或终止利息期（视具体情况而定），除非下一个银行工作日跨月。在这种情况下，应提前在上一个银行工作日支付或终止（视具体情况而定）。
7．2 计算 根据本合同应付的利息和承诺费，应按1年360日和实际过去的天数计算。
8． 先决条件
8．1 贷款发放日前应满足的条件 各行贷款的义务须根据下列条件而定：则代理行应在不迟于付款日前5个银行工作日的纽约时间下午5时收到给签署的副本以及经确认的副本若干份，或另外经确认的副本若干份，足以使所有的银行都持有下列文件，每份注明交送日期，其形式和内容均应为代理行所满意：
（1） 借款人证明书，其格式基本按照附录4的规定格式，以及其中所规定的附件。
（2） 由律师向借款人提供的意见书，基本上按照附录5所规定的格式。
（3） 当地法律事务所，代理行和银行特聘的当地律师出具的意见书，基本上按照附录6规定的格式。
（4） 代理行和银行特聘的纽约律师出具的意见书，基本上按照附录7规定的格式。
（5） X X信箱作出的不可撤销的书本承诺，接受指定作为借款人的代理人以接受传票，基本上按照附录8规定的格式。
8．2 付款时或付款之前应满足的额外条件 各行贷款的义务应根据下列额外条件而定：（1）在付款日没有发生或没有继续存在任何违约事件，或没有由于发出通知或时间届满，或者由于两者而可能构成违约事件。（2）代理行在贷款时或付款之前已收到（i）证明各该行贷款承诺的9份票据，总额相当于该行贷款总额。而每张票据的金额与贷款的每期偿还金额相等，这些票据基本上按照附录2的格式，并根据第3.1条确定，经正式签署和交付，而且注明支付日期；以及(ii)
一份经签署的文本和经确认的文件副本若干份，或额外签署的副本若干份，使所有银行足以得到为代理行和任何银行合理要求的这种其他文件，其形式和内容应为代理行满意。
9． 陈述与保证
9．1 陈述与保证 借款人向各行陈述并保证如下：（1）借款人是根据现在所在地法律正式成立并有效存续的公司，有权拥有自己的财产，从事目前从事的经营，并完成本合同预定的交易。
（2）借款人已经采取一切必要的行动，授权签署和递交本合同以及与本合同有关的其他文件，并履行其在本合同以及票据项下的义务，完成本合同预定的交易。
（3）本合同已经借款人正式签署和提交，与经过借款人签署和交付时的票据均成借款人合法的、有效的和有拘束力的义务，并按各相应条款可对借款人执行。
（4）批准贷款或为本合同或票据的有效或强制执行所必需的所有的政府许可和措施，已经取得或得到履行，并仍继续有效。
（5）没有曾经发生过，或现在正在发生的，以及根据通知或时间届满，或由于上述两者而将来可能发生的违约事件，或借款人作为一方当事人的其它合同中包含有对所借款项的义务或提供信贷的义务时，没有违约事件，而且在贷款时亦将不发生上述违约事件。
（6）借款人或作为借款人的任何子公司，作为一方当事人的任何合同的条款，不需要借款人的债权人或任何子公司的债权人同意或批准，或向其通知本合同或票据的签署或提交，或本合同或票据项下的义务的履行，或本合同预定的交易的进行。上述签署，提交、履行和进行，不会违反对借款人或任何子公司的公司章程或细则，或任何合同、文件，或对借款人或子公司或其财产适用的判决，命令、法律法规或条例或构成违约行为。
（7）借款人目前没有尚未结案的，或据借款人所知，也没有将要提起的诉讼、审理、程序或索赔要求，此项诉讼案件或索赔要求，一旦败诉，可能对借款人以及子公司的综合财务状况具有重大不利影响或损害借款人以及子公司的综合财务状况具有重大不利影响或损害借款人履行本合同或票据项下义务的能务，或影响本合同或票据的有效性或强制执行力。
（8）除第10.6条但书所指的留置权类型，借款人对其财产拥有完好的和可以出售的所有权，在其财产上，没有一切留置权和其抵押权。借款人在本合同和票据项下的义务，至少与借款人或所借款项或发放信贷的保证人的所有其他义务外于比例平等的排列次序。
（9）借款人和子公司在20 年 月 日及截至该日为止的会计年度综合财务报表是完整和准确的，是按照X地为良好的会计惯例普遍接受的原则，准备和经常适用的，并且为独立会计师事务所证明为公正地反映了该日借款人和子公司综合财务状况，及其在该会计年度经营活动的综合结果。
（10）自20 年 月 日以来，借款人和子公司的综合财务状况或借款人履行其在本合同或票据项下义务的能务没有重大不利的变化。
（11）无论借款人或是其财产均不得根据主权或其他事由，就本合同有关的任何诉讼或审理程序享有不受管辖，在判决前后不受扣押或强制执行的豁免权。
（12）在此之前提交给代理行或任何银行的有关借款人的、并与本合同有关的所有情况，在一切重要方面是完整而准确的。
9．2 重复声明与保证 第9.1条所规定的每一项陈述与保证，视同在支付贷款之日当日和每一利息支付日当日所作出的陈述与保证一样。
10． 约定事项
10．1 收入的利用 借款人应将贷款的收入用作流动资金。
10．2 政府许可 借款人应获得并充分有效地持有和实施与本合同或票据有关的所有政府许可，以及向政府部门进行的登记。
10．3 财务报表（1）借款人应在不迟于每一会计年度的每一季度结束后45天内，向代理行提供，并向各行分别提供一份借款人及其子公司每季末的综合与的资产平衡表、该季度收入报表以及财务状况变动表。上述报表由其财务负责官员证明为完整、正确、公正及准确地反映了借款人和子公司在该季度终止时综合财务状况及其在该季度活动的效果。
（2）借款人应在不迟于其会计年度终止后90天给代理行并给各行一份，关于借款人与子公司按照当地普遍接受、并一致适用的、良好会计惯例的原则制订的综合与的资产平衡表、收入报表和该会计年度财务状况变动表。由借款人选任，并由经代理行接受的独立会计师事务所证明上述报表公正地反映了该会计年度终止时借款人和子公司的综合财务状况及其在该会计年度的活动成果。该证明书应包括或连同一份说明书，即在该事务所审查上述财力报表期间，该事务所没有注意到或发现可构成违约的事件，或者由于发出通知或时间届满，或者由于这两者而可能构成违约的事件（或对注意到或发现的上述违约事件的详细叙述）。
（3）借款人应随时应代理行或各行的合理要求，而提供报表和信息。
10．4 检查权 借款人应使代理行的代表或任何银行能够在任何合理时间审查其资产和记录。
10．5 违约通知 借款人应将每一构成违约的事件，或由于发出通知或时间届满，或由于二者而可能构成的违约事件，以及对其根据本合同或票据项下的义务的履行能务具有或可能具有重大不利影响的每一其他事件，立即通知代理行。
10．6 留置权和抵押权 如果借款人就其作为借款人的义务，或对所借款项或提供的信贷作为提保人的义务，在其财产上设定或允许设定任何留置权或抵押权时，应作出明文规定，任何银行对此不负担任何费用。但是，本条不适用于（1）购买时在财产上设定的任何留置权仅仅作为支付财产购买价格的保证；（2）在银行交易的一般过程中产生的留置权，用以保证在最初发生之日后一年内到期的债务；（3）对于库存设立的留置权，用以保证在最初发生之日一年内到期限的债务，该项债务由出售库存所得中付还。
10．7 保险 借款人应向财务状况良好和有声誉扔保险人就类似经营中公司惯有的风险对其财产投保。
10．8 免税通知 如果任何时候帅当地或其任何政治分支机构或税收当局对于合同项下任何支付应予征收的、 不论什么性质的、现在的或将来任何性质的税款可以免征，则借款人应及时向代理行递交一份证明上述免税文件的副本。
11． 违约事件
11．1 违约事件 如果发生下列一种或一种以上违约事件，或该违约事件正在继续，代理行以及各行应行使第11.2条规定的救济方法。
（1） 借款人未能支付本合同项下到期应付的款项；
（2） 借款人未能履行或遵守本合同项下应由借款人履行或遵守的任何约定事件或合同（但不是第11.1条在所指的事项），如果上述不履行或不遵守发生之后30天内没有得到补救
（3） 借款人在本合同在所作的任何陈述或保证，或在递交的与本合同有关的任何其文件中的陈述或保证，证明其在作出、重复作出或被推定其作出或重复作出时，在任何重要方面是不准确，不完整的，或使用权人误解的；
（4） 借款人或任何子公司未能履行或遵守任何其他借款或借贷合同中的任何约定事项或合同，在该合同中，借款人或作为借款人或保证人的子公司是合同的一方当事人；
（5） 借款人或任何子公司将（1）被解散，（2）没有付清或不能付清到期债务；（3）在破产程序中自愿开始破产清理案件，功根据影响债权人权利的任何类似法律，录求任何其他补救世主措施的任何其他诉讼或审理程序；（4）在破产程序中，对开始强迫破产清理案件或任何其他此类诉讼或审理程序，用答复或其他方式表示同意；（5）在破产程序中或任何其诉讼或审理程序，已经开始强迫破产清理案件诉讼，如果该案件或任何其他诉讼或审理程序在案件提起时60天内未被驳回或中止，或如果任何上述驳回中止不再有效；
（6） 借款人履行本合同或票据项下的任何义务所必需的任何政府许可不再有效和继续有效；
（7） 多数贷款银行合理地认为，任何政府当局或法院所将采取的任何行动，对借款人以及子公司的状况有不利影响，或对借款人履行其本合同或票据项下的义务的能力有不利影响，如果这项行动在采取以后30天内没有撤销或撤销的决定不再有效；
（8） 借款人应出售或以其他方式处置其全部或绝大部分的财产，或不再经营其目前经营的全部或绝大部分的营业。
11．2 违约救济 如果发生任何违约事件并且违约事件正在进行，代理行根据多数贷款权银行要求，可以，并应通知借款人：（1）宣布各行根据本合同的义务宣告终止，以及/或者（2）宣布在终止之后到期的借款人应付的全部金额立即到期并应该支付，因此所有上述金额应立即到期和应付，不需要等待，提示、要求付款、作成拒绝承兑证书或任何种类的通知，所有这些都已经借款人明示放弃。
11．3 抵销权 如果本合同项下任何应付金额到期未付，借款人授权各行不需要事先通知即可根据抵销权、银行留置权或反索权，对于任何时候在该行或其任何附属银行、分支机构或办事处所占有的借款人任何币值的资产提起诉讼，以全部偿付其应支付给各行的金额。提起诉讼的任何银行应立即就该行根据本条提起的诉讼通知代理行。
11．4 非排他性权利 本合同规定的各项权利是累加的，并不排除法律规定的其他权利、权力、特权或补救方法。
12． 适用、分配以及支付额的分摊
12．1 适用以及支付额的分配 代理行根据配合同或票据（但不是根据第3.3或14.4条）收到借款人的全部支付额，应不考虑借款人所指定的适用而作如下分配：首先根据第14条到期未付的任何数额，但不是根据第14.4条应付的金额；其次，用于第5条到期未付的任何费用；第三，任何根据第3.2条到期未付的保险费；第四，任何到期未付的贷款利息；第五，偿还贷款本金。上述支付额应按照所收到的资金，按第14条（而不是按第14.4条）应付的各该金额和按第5条应付的各项费用，到期未付的保险费、利息或本金按比例在代理行和各行间分配。
12．2 支付额的分摊 如果任何银行在任何时候得到按照本合同应付的全部或部分金额（不是指根据第33条或者11.3条或14.4条，或根据第12.1条由代理行进行的分摊），该行应立即将所得金额付给代理行，代理应根据第12.2条分配上述金额，如同该款为借款人所偿还。但是，如果任何银行在任何时候通过行使抵销权、银行留置权或反索权得到本合同项下应付金额的全部或部分款项，该行应立即向其它银行购买这些银行的贷款参与权，使购买贷款参与权的该行能按比例与其他银行分摊上述金额。再者，如果此后从购买银行得到上述金额全部或部分，则购买应予以撤销，而购买价格应按补偿程度恢复。但对利息所作的调整应当是公平合理的。借款人同意，根据本条从另一银行购买参与权的任何银行可以在法律允许的最大限度内，充分实行其所有有关该参与权的支付权利，如同该银行是借款人上述金额的直接债权人。上述规定为会以任何方式影响各该银行保有本合同或票据项下以外的债权所得到的金额。
13． 代理行
13．1 代理行 （1）各行授权代理行代表该行实施本合同专门委托给代理行的权力及其它所有合理的附加权力。代理行和各行之间的关系仅为代理人和本人的关系，而决不能将代理行视为任何银行的信托受托人，或对代理人附加本合同明示条款规定以外的任何义务。
（2）无论代理行或其任何事、职员、雇员或其他代理人，都不对下列事项承担任何责任：（i）借款人未履行其在本合同或票据项下的义务；（ii）在本合同中所作陈述与保证或提供的与本合同有关的任何其他文件的真实性；（iii）本合同或票据的有效性或强制执行性。
（3）无论代理行或其董事、职员、雇员或其他代理人对与本合同或票据有关的作为或不作为，除重大过失或故意的不良行为外，不代理行有权善意领带经认为的真实的、并由适当的人递交或签署的任何文件，信赖由它选反映的任何独立的法律顾问或其专业顾问的意见，并对任何其他法事人由于上述信赖的结果不负责任。
（4）各行已对借款人进行了有关贷款的资信情况的调查和评估，并确定作出这项贷款是适当和谨慎的。除本合同明确规定以外，代理行没有责任向任何银行提供与借款人有关的信用或其情报，不论这些情报是在拨付贷款之前之后得到的。
（5）代理行应立即（i）向各行传送其收到借款人给各行或要求各行采取某项行动的每份通知或其它文件；（ii）在收到第7.1条的所有文件时，通知每家银行，（iii）
在收到第7.2条的所有文件时通知各行；（vi）将收到的各银行扔全部票据转交该行，以及（v）将根据第6.1条递交代理行的任何文件的副本转交各行。代理行应尽快将根据第8.1条和8.2条收到的文件副本转交各行。
（6）代理行没有责任询问借款人是否履行其在本合同或票据项下的义务。但是，代理行应立即向各行通知其作为代理行收到关于违约事件的通知，或由于通知或时间届满，或由于两者而构成违约的事件。
（7）除本合同另有明确规定外，代理行没有义务向任何银行说明由于它或它的附属机构贷款而收到的金额或其利润。代理行及其附属机构得向借款人贷款，接受借款人存款，并一般地与借款人进行各种经营活动，如同不是代理行一样。
（8）根据本合同，代理可将各行视为为所有目的而提交给该行的票据持有人，除非或直到向代理行通知转让或让与。任何票据持有人的任何请求、许可或同意应是决定性，并对任何后手持有人有拘束力。
（9） 代理行在任何时候都可以辞职，以书面通知各行和借款人多数贷款权银行也可说明理由或不说明理由地通知代理行予以撤换。在作出上述任何一种通知时，多数贷款权银行应有权指定一个接替的代理行。如果在作出上述通知的30天内接替的代理行没有补指定和没有接受这种指定，则又卸任的代理行可发指定一个接替的代理行，这种指定的代理行其综合资本和盈余至少应有
________万美元或与其相等的其它外币，或者是这种银行的一个附属机构。接替的代理行一经接受指定为代理行时，即应接替并被赋予卸任的代理行的一切权利、权力、特权和责任。卸任代理行应被解除本合同项下的义务。尽管卸任的代理行辞职或被撤换，在它根据本合同作为代理行时所作所为或不作为，本条的各项规定应继续对它有效。
13．2 偿付的约定事项 各行应按其各自决定的份额按比例补偿代理行（就借款人未被偿还部分）在执行其作为代理行职责时所发生的一切费用，包括，但不限于，律师和其特聘的顾问的合理费用，如果代理行需要在支付贷款之前支付上述费用，则按该行各自的贷款承诺确定。如果在此之后，则按其在这个时候所保持的贷款金额确定。
13．3 代理人未收到的资金 （1）除非在本合同的付款到期日之前代理行已经收到借款人的书面通知借款人在该日不打算全部支付，否则代理行可以推定借款人在到期日已经支付，并据此推定，代理行可以（但不必）在该支付日向各行提供与该行推定应支付部分相等的金额。如果借款人事实上并未支付代理行，一经各行要求，应立即偿肘代理行提供的金额，连同从支付之日起（包括该日在内），到偿付之日（不包括该日在内）每日的利息。由代理行确定的年利率是代理行提供的伦敦同业银行市场的该日美元存款的隔日利率。
（2）代理行在支付之日应有权推定各行（但已尼向代理行发出相反通知，代理行在支付前已收到该通知的任何银行除外）已经按照第2.3条向代理行提供资金。根据上述推定，代理行可以（但不必）把相当于所有银行（没有从它们收到上述通知）各自贷款承诺总额的资金贷记入借款人。如果未发出上述通知的任何银行没有根据第2.5条提供资金，并且代理行已经将相当于该行贷款承诺的金额贷记入借款人按照第262条开立的账户，代理行应有权根据其选择从该行或借款人立即索还上述金额（不影响借款人对上述银行的权利），以及从支付日起（包括支付日在内）到索还之日（不包括该日在内）上述金额每日利息。代理行确定的年利率为代理行提供的伦敦银行同业市场的该日美元存款的隔日利率。
14． 补偿
14．1 开办费 借款人应以美元立即偿还代理还代理行代表借款人或以代理行谈判、准备和签订本合同和票据以及有关银行贷款发生的一切合理费用。上述费用应包括，但不限于，印刷和复制费用，旅行和通讯费用，本合同的交易所附加的任何广告费以及代理行和各行特聘顾问和特聘的纽约和各项费用。
14．2 修改和强制执行费用 借款人应即以美元补偿代理行和各行由于（1）对本合同的任何修改、变更、谈判、准备或履行，（2）任何违约事件，或（3）保持或执行本合同或票据项下任何权利，或与之有关而发生的所有合理费用，包括，但不限于，律师费用。
14．3 其他费用 如果借款人，（1）在发出第2.2条所指的通知后，没有在规定执行各项条件之时或之前执行第8条规定的各项条件，或用其它方式不履行其根据第2.2条不可撤销的承诺；
（2）到期应付而应付本合同项下的任何应付金额，或者
（3）不是在支付利息日，支付任何贷款的本金，借款应以美元立即向各行支付所有合理费用，包括，但不限于，任何利差损失或清偿的存款进行放的费用，以拨付过期限的金额或在作出支付的利息期内捃付该项贷款（视具体情况而定）。
14．4 增加的费用 借款人应以美元即期向每家银行支付由上述银行确定因该银行的贷款或其履行本合同项下的义务而发生的全部费用和已收或应收金额的减少部分，以及因法律、条例或条约的公布、变化或解释，或由于该
行遵守任何政府当局的命令，要求或请求不论是否具有法律效力而发生的全部费用以及已收或应收金额的减少部分，包括，但不限于，生于（1）任何税款的征收或变更，但不是（i）
以该银行或其贷款分行净所得计算并由该行总得或贷款分行所在地征收的任何税款，以及第（ii）第6.1条所指的任何税款的征收或变更，或者（2）对该行准备金、专门存款的征税或变更，或对该银行资产、负债或其账上存款或贷款的类似要求的任何上述费用。
15． 一般条款
15．1 法律的选择 本合同受_____________法律的管辖，并据此定义和解释。
15．2 管辖权（1）借款人同意凡与本合同或任何票据的胶关的诉讼或审理程序都可在纽约州法院或纽约南区联邦地区法院提起并执行；并不可撤销地接受各该法院管辖，借款人不可撤销地指定_________________
为其收受任何上述诉讼或审理程序的传票或送达文件或其它法律传唤的代理人。借款人同意，只要它根据配合赙任何义务，应为传票或传唤的送达而在纽约市保持正式指定的代理人。借款人同意，如果不能保持该代理人，任何传票或传唤行按本合同通知规定的地址，用挂号邮件邮寄送达借款人。
（2）借款人并同意，可以在地或其它任何可以找到借款人或其任何财产管辖地法院，提起任何上述诉讼或审理程序及执行，并不可撤销地接受上述法院管辖。
（3）借款人可撤销地放弃就本合同或票据有关的任何诉讼或审理程序不受在___________地，____________ 法院或任何其他国家或管辖地法院的管辖，在判决前后不受扣押及执行的所有豁免权（不论是以国家主权或其他为根据）并同意在或有关任何上述诉讼或审理程序时不提起或不主张任何豁免权。
（4）借款人在法律允许的最大限度内，不可撤销地放弃对现在或以后在___________ 法院、以任何方式与本合同票据有关的诉讼或审理程序指定的审判地点提出异议，对在上述法院提起的诉讼，不可撤销地放弃以出庭不便为理由而提出的请求。
15．3 贷款贷币（1）根据第14条规定需要偿付的费用，如果原来是以美元以外的货币支付的，借款人同意应以相当于美元的金额偿还，即发生上述费用的人，根据正常的银行程序，在原费用支出之日以上述其他货币购买美元所支付的金额（在升水和兑换费用之后）。借款人并同意，根据第4.2条，上述金额应付的利息应根据其金额以美元计算。
（2）本合同每一条款述及的美元是至关重要的。根据本合同或票据，借款人对于任何到期金额的义务，尽管以任何其它货币支付（不论根据判决或其它），应仅以美元计算的金额履行，即以代理行或上述银行根据正常的银行手续，于收到上述支付款项之后的银行工作日产即以其它货币购买的金额（在升水和兑换费用之后）履行。如果由于任何理由，购买的以美元计算的金额不足原来到期日的金额，借款人同意以美元支付为赔偿上述不足金额所必需的上述附加金额。借款人没有因这种支付而解除的债务应作为单独和独立的债务到期，并在本合同规定解除之前应继续充分有效。
15．4 票据的替换 由于票据丢失、被窃、被毁或残缺人全凤用（1）在丢失、被窃、或被毁的情况下，借款人收到他可以合理地满意的补偿或担保（除非票据持有人是公认可靠的金融机构，则持有人自身关于补偿的协议应被认为是令人满意的）；或者（2）如果票据残缺不全，则在向借款人出示该残损票据时，借款人应自付费用签署并递交一份新票据，注明支付日期和相同的本金金额代替残损票据。
15．5通知 除本合同另有明确规定外，所有通知应按照本合同以电传或电报或派人送交的书面通知，用传真发送或航空邮递，邮资已付。上述所有通知应递交给附录1指定的收受人的电传号或地址（视具体情况而定）。或上述收受人通知其他当事人已指定出的其它号码或地址。所有上述通知书应在收到时有效。
15．6 补救和弃权 代理行或任何银行没有或迟延行使本合同项下的权利应不应为放弃或损害上述权利，单一地或部分地行使上述权利应不排除以任何其它方式行使或进一步行使上述权利或其它权利。除非以书面形式表示，否则上述权利的放弃应属无效。上述任何权利的放弃不能视为本合同任何其它权利的放弃。
15．7 变更 本合同只能由当事人书面签字的文件变更。
15．8 转让 （1）本合同对借款人、代理行和各行及其各自的继承者和受让人的利益有拘束力。但是，如果代理行以及所有银行没有事先书面同意，借款人不能转让其在本合同项下的任何权利或义务。
（2）各行得在任何时候让与或转让其在任何票据或本合同项下的权利或义务。但是，任何银行都不得根据任何管辖地的公司法或票据法需要登记的形式或方式作了上述让与或转让。借款人应经常根据任何银行的请求，签署并递交为让与功转让发生充分效力所必需的文件，包括，但不限于，该银行应签署和递交产以换取该银行持有的票据的新票据。如果任何银行让与或转让其在本合同项下的任何权利或义务，则本合同中所指各行，应其各自利益而论，应指各个被转让权利和义务的银行和个人。
15．9 代理行或任何银行的决定 代理行或任何银行的每一决定，在没有明显错误时，应是最终的，对当事人有拘束力。
15．10继续有效 借款人在第6.1条、6.2条和14条项下的义务，在偿还贷款、取消票据及终止银行和代理行在本合同项下的义务时仍然有效。
15．11 语言 有关本合同提交的每份文件均应为英文，或应附有英文译本，由必须提交上述文件的当事人确认为完整和准确。
15．12 条款的可分割性 本合同中任何管辖区禁止或不能执行的任何条款应该管辖区而言，在上述禁止或不能执行限度内无效，并不使合同的其它条款无效，或者影响该条款在任何其它管辖区内的有效性和可执行性。
15．13 副本 本合同以签署任何数量的副本，所有上述副本合起来应视为成同一合同。
15．14 本语的统一性 本合同包括关于标的事项的当事人之间全部合同，并取代所有口头陈述和以前的书面文件。
双方于合同开端所述日期在______________正式签署和交付本合同，以资证明。
X公司，借款人
签字人：____________
职 务：____________
A银行，代理行 B银行，管理行 C银行，管理行
签字人： _______ 签字人：_________ 签字人：_______
职 务： ________ 职 务：________ 职 务：______
各行： 贷款承诺
____________银行 ___________银行 __________银行 ____________银行
美元 美元 美元 美元
签字人：_______ 签字人：_______ 签字人：_______ 签字人：________
职 务：_______ 职 务：_______ 职 务：_______ 职 务：________
贷款承诺总额： 美元
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