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doctor; physician: 医生
一.Receiving the patient(接待病人) 二.information collection(收集信息)
acetaminophen 扑热息痛,对乙酰氨基酚 Isosorbide Mononitrate 长效异乐定
循环系统词汇 【A】 Ⅰ,a-一个 Ⅱ,an-无 Ⅲ,angei-,angi-,angio- 血管 2,angiectasis血管扩张 8,angiodermatitis皮血管炎 3,angitis脉管炎 9,angiolipoma血管脂肪瘤 4,angioblast成血管细胞 10,angioneuromyoma血管神经肌瘤 5,angiocardiography心血管造影术 11,angioparalysis血管麻痹病 6,angiocardiopathy心血管病 Ⅳ,arter-,arteri-,arteria-,arterio-动脉 2,arterial动脉的 3,arteriarctia 动脉缩窄 4,arteriectasia 动脉扩张 5,arteriectomy 动脉切除术 7,angiochondroma血管软骨瘤 8,angiodermatitis皮血管炎 9,angiolipoma血管脂肪瘤 10,angioneuromyoma血管神经肌瘤 11,angioparalysis血管麻痹病 Ⅴ,asthma-气喘 Ⅵ,ather-athero-粥样的 2,atherogenesis 粥样硬化形成 3,atherogenic 致粥样硬化的 4,atheromatosis 粥样硬化病 5,atheronecrosis 粥样坏死 6,atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化 7,atherosis 粥样硬化 2,atrium 心房 6,atriotomy 心房切开术 3,atriocarotid (心)房颈动脉的 7,atrioventricular 房室的 4,atrioseptopecy 房间隔修补术 【B】 Ⅱ,brady- 徐缓、迟缓 2,bradycrotic 脉搏徐缓的 【C】 Ⅰ,capil-, capillar-, capillar-, capillari-, capillaro- 毛细(血管) 2,capillarectasis 毛细血管扩张 6,capillarioscopy 毛细显微镜检 3,capillaritis 毛细管炎 7,capillaropathy 毛细管病 4,capillarity 毛细现象或作用 Ⅱ,cardia-, cardio- 心 2,cardialgia 心痛,胃灼痛 8,cardiasthma 心性喘息 3,cardiamorphia 心畸形 9,cardiovascular 心血管的 4,carditis 心炎 10,cardiophonography 心音图 5,cardiogenic 心原性的 11,cardiopulmonary 心肺的 6,cardiomegaly 心肥大 Ⅲ,catherter 导管 Ⅳ,circula- 循环 Ⅴ,coron- 冠状 Ⅵ,cyan-, cyano-, cyanot-, 青紫、绀、蓝、氰 2, cyanosis紫绀 后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用,不改变词根的含意。现将常用后缀分一般英语后缀及医学英语后缀两部分来说明。因词性不同、后缀可分为名词性、形容词等。 一、名词性后缀 1、-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称,percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗,出法,gavage管词法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少。 2、-cy表示抽象名词,accuracy准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期。 3、-ence、-ance表示性质和动作,difference不同,interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence发出,出现,violence激烈,暴力,existence存在,significance意义,意味。 4、-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀,difficiency不足,不全,tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,emergency紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅,sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变。 5、-er表示……人、……者,diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,carrier携带者,beginner初学者,创始人,reader读者,shutter 快门,goiter甲状腺肿。 6、-ics 表示……科学,psdiatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学,obstetrics产科学,orthopdics矫形科学,auristrics耳科学,gnathostomatics口腔生理学,andriatrics男性医学,男性科。 7、-ian表示人称名词,physician医师,内科医师,technician技术员。 8、-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词,常译为……化,simpliffcation简化,calcification钙化,classification分类,分级,communication交流,交往。 9、-ing由动词变化而来的动名词,nursing护理,typing分型,分类,mapping绘制……图,bleeding出血,vomiting呕吐,softening变软,functioning使器官活动,使器官有功能,positioning把……放在适当的位置,mathching和……相配,imaging成像。 10、-ion由动词构成的名词,occasion偶然原因,近因,时机,division分割,分开,vision视力,视觉,distortion扭曲,变形。 11、-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词,mehanism机理,机制,autism孤独性。 12、-ist表示人称名词,specialist专家,internist内科医生,padiatrist儿科学家,biololgist生物学家,economist经济学家,chemist化学家,obstetrist产科学家,产科医师。 13、-ization由动词构成的抽象名词,recanalization再管化,再通化,chatheterization插管,immunization免疫法,预防接种,organization组织,机构,机化,hospitalization住院,normalization正常化,ketonization酮化作用。 14、-logy表示学科,morphology形态学,histology组织学,neurology神经学,embryology胚胎学,radiology放射学,laryngorhinology喉鼻科学,proctology直肠学,hexiology个体,生态学。 15、-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物,measurement测量,量度,experiment实验,instrument仪器,器械,integument体被,皮肤,segment节段,fragment片段,断片,碎片,replacement替代,置换,increment增长,增殖,development发育,显影,movement动作,活动,ligment韧带,equipment器材,装置,设备,improvement改善。 16、-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词,tenderness触痛,hardness坚硬,thickness厚度,effectiveness有效,usefulness有用的,coldness寒冷,dampness潮湿,darkness黑暗,shallowness浅,permanentness永久,brightness明亮。 17、-or表示……人,……物,inhibitor抑制物,doctor医生,monitor监视器,donor给血者,供体,director主任,factor因素,operatorx作者,手术者。 18、-ry表示集合名词,laboratory实验室,chemistry化学。 19、-ship表示状态,relationship关系,联系,interrelationship相互关系,相互联系。 20、-th由形容词构成名词,length长度,width宽度,depth深度,truth真理。 21、-ty表示性质,rigidity强直,僵硬,speciality特征,专业,responsibility责任,责任心,capacity容量,智能,能力,mortality死亡率,morbidity发病率,nocturnality夜间,safty安全性,conductivty传导性,permeability渗透性,property性质,plenty丰富,unity整体,统一性,obesity肥胖,similarity类似,相似。 22、-ure表示行为结果,failure衰竭,pressure压力,curvature弯曲,fissure裂隙,裂,puncture穿刺,rupture破裂,structure结构,seizure发作,nomenclature名称, 术语 . 二、形容词性后缀 1、-able表示可能的,可以的,excitable易兴备的,acceptable易接受的,movable可移动的,alterable可改变的,可改动的,available可用的,可得到的,uncomfortable不舒的。 2、-al表示有……的属性,regional 局部的natural自然的,special特别的,特殊的,spinal脊髓的,central中央的,vertrbral脊柱的,cervical颈的,mural壁的,terminal末端的,typical典型的,digital手指的,数字的,temperal暂时的,短暂的,capital首要的,重要的,vocal有声的,声带的,several几个,parasternal胸骨旁的。 3、-ant有些是从动词派生来的,significant在意义的,persistant持久的,坚持的(从动词persist来的),resistant抵抗的,反抗的(自动词resist派生),important重要的,infant婴儿的,constant坚定的,持久的,pernanent永久的。 4、-ar表示……特征的,……形状的,regular规则的,muscular肌肉的,circular环形的,圆的,anular环的。 5、-ary表示与……有关的,ordinary平常的,通常的,anniversary周年的,voluntary自愿的,随意的。 6、-ed用于名词加ed,转化为形容词,或动词过去分词作形容词,Coded加密码的(名词code加ed),colored加颜色的,deposited被沉淀的(由动词deposite加ed),curved使……弯曲的,limited有限的,lubricated滑润的,使滑润的,surrounded围住的,被围绕的。 7、-ent与-ant同类,consistent坚定的,different不同的,sufficient足够的,convenient便利的,方便的,evident明显的,fluent流利的,流畅的,efficient有效的,frequent常常的,频繁的。 8、-ful由名词构成形容词,useful有用的,successful成功的,plentiful丰富的,helpful有帮助的。 9、-ible与-able相同,Visible可见的,irreversible不可逆的,impossible不可能的,inaudible听不见的。 10、-ic加在外来词根的名词上,构成形容词,specific特异的,magnetic磁性的,aerobic需氧的,pubic耻骨的,oxytocic催产的、催产剂,therapeutic治疗的,dramatic戏剧性的,icteric黄疸的,dynamic动力的,hemolytic溶血的。 11、-ish加在颜色的形容词上,表示略带……色,reddish带红色的,微红的,yellowish带黄色的,微黄的。 12、-ive由动词构成形容词,relative有关的,相关的(由动词relat派生的),sensitive灵敏的,congestive充血性的,imaginative想象、富有想象力的,imitative摹仿的,repetitive重复的,reproductive生殖的,contractive收缩的,conservative保守的,circulative循环的,effective有效的,invasive侵入性的。 13、-less表示没有……的,useless无用的,lifeless无生命的,hopeless绝望的、医治不好的,fruitless无效的、无益的。 14、-ory表示……性质的,属于……的,sensory感觉的,accessory附属的、附加的,circulatory循环的,urinary泌尿的,尿的。 15、-ous表示具有……的、有……特性的,dangerous有危险的,continuous在连续性的、连续的,serious严重的,various各种的,vigorous强有力的,apueous水的,generous大量的,丰盛的,tremendous可怕的,惊人的,previous以前的,pervious能通过的、能穿过的。 三、动词性后缀 1、-ate多用于外来词构成动词,deviate背离、偏离,decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate操作,手术,defibrillate除颤,vibrate振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede在……之前。 2、-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使……,weaken变弱、变衰弱,soften使……软化,thicken使……变厚,strenghten加强,shorten使……变短,wooden木制的,deepen加深、深化,harden使……变硬,lengthen使……延长,loosen放松、解开,quicken加快、刺激,roughen变粗糙,lighten减轻,sharpen变尖锐。 3、-ize加在形容词或名词上,表示……化,neutralize中和,standardize标准化,mineralize矿物质化,repolarize复极化,depolarize去极化,sensitize致敏,metastasize转移。 四、副词性后缀 1、-ly由形容构成的副词,最为常用,表示……地,simaltaneously同时地,concurrently同时地,widely广泛地,excrusively专用地、唯一地,scarcely仅仅、刚刚,immediately立即。 2、-ward(s)加在前置词上,构成副词,表示方向,backward(s)向后,upward(s)向上。 A Abdominal flatulence 中满 Abdominal fullness and distention 腕痛胀满 Abdominal retention 鼓胀 Accompanied Symptoms 兼证 Activating blood and dissolving stasis 活血化瘀 Acuesthesia 得气 Acupuncture points 腧穴 Acupuncture therapies 针刺疗法 Adjuvant drugs 佐药 Afternoon fever 日哺发热 Alternate chills and fever 寒热往来 Anorexia 食欲不振 Aphtha 口疮 Apoplexy 中风 Ashi point 阿是穴 Associate drugs 臣药 Association of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine 中西医结合研究会 Association of traditional Chinese medicine 中医学会 Asthenic cardioyang 心阳虚 Asthenic cardioyin 心阴虚 Asthma 哮证 Otopuncture therapy 耳针疗法 Auscultation-olfaction 闻诊 Aversion to wind and cold 畏恶风寒 B Basis of theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医理论基础 Belching 嗳气 Blood deficiency 血虚 Blood heat 血热 Body fluid 津液 C Calming liver wind 平肝熄风 Canthus 目眦 Carbuncle 痈 Cathartic method 攻里法 Cardiac and renal coordination 心肾相交 Cardiac-splenic asthenia 心脾两虚 Chest pain 胸痛 Chest stuffiness 胸闷 Chi pulse 尺脉 Chinese materia medica and prescriptions 中药与方剂 Chinese medical 中国医学史 Chinese medicine anesthesia 中药麻醉 Chinese patent drugs 中成药 Clear abundant urine 小便清长 Clearing damp 利水渗湿 Clearing heat and expectoration 清热化痰 Clearing wind-damp 祛风胜湿 Clearing Ying heat and cooling blood 清营凉血 Coating color 苔色 Cold hands and feet 手足厥冷 Cold-heat mixing 寒热交错 Cold limbs 手足厥冷 Cold stroke 中寒 Coma 神昏 Compendium of Materia Medica 本草纲目 Complications 并病 Constipation 大便不通 Consumptive disease 虚劳 Contrary treatment 反治 D Defensive Qi instability 卫气不固 Deficiency-excess mixing 虚实夹杂 Delirium 谵语 Diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine 中医诊法 Diaphoresis 汗法 Diaphoresis, pungent cold 辛凉解表 Diaphoresis, pungent warm 辛温解表 Diarrhea 泄泻 Different treatments for the same disease 同病异治 Differentiation, eight principles 八纲辨证 Differentiation of diseases 辨病 Differentiation of symptoms and signs 辨证 Differentiation, six meridians 六经辨证 Differentiation, triple energizer 三焦辨证 Differentiation, Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue 卫气营血辨证 Differentiation, Zang-Fu 脏腑辨证 Diphtheria 白喉 Diseases of Qi-blood-fluid 气血津液病症 Dispersing cold and freeing Bi 散寒通痹 Doctrines of various historical schools 中医各家学说 Dry heat 燥热 Dry stool 大便干结 Dysentery 痢疾 Dyspepsia 食滞 Dysphagia 噎膈 Dyspnea 喘证 Dysuria 癃闭 E Edema 水肿 Eight principles 八纲 Electuary 冲服剂 Elimination 消法 Emesis 吐法 Endogenous hygrosyndrome 内湿 Endogenous cold 内寒 Endogenous dryness 内燥 Epilepsy 痫证 Epitaxis 鼻衄 Eruption 斑疹 Etiology 病因 Exterior syndrome 表证 Exterior sthenia 表实 Exterior asthenia 表虚 Extremely cold limbs 手足厥逆 F Facial distortion 口眼歪斜 Feeling 按诊 Fluid deficiency 津液不足 Frequent micturition 小便频数 Frequent vomiting 反胃 G Gastric asthenia 胃虚 Gastric cavity 胃脘 Gastro-Qi 胃气 Generation-inhibition in five elements 五行相克 Gingiva 牙龈 Greyish fur 灰苔 H Harmonizing liver-spleen 调和肝脾 Heart fire hyperactivity 心火亢盛 Heart-kidney Yang deficiency 心肾阳虚 Heart Yang hypoactivity 心阳不振 Healthy Qi 正气 Hectic fever 潮热 Hemorrhage Zheng 血证 I Insomnia 失眠 Inspection 望诊 Intergeneration 相生 Inter-restriction 相克 Inter-subjuation 相乘 Irregular pulse 结代脉 K Kidney Yang deficiency 肾阳虚 Kidney Yin deficiency 肾阴虚 L Large intestine damp-heat 大肠湿热 Large pulse 大脉 Leukorrhea 白带 Liver fire flaming 肝火上炎 Liver-stomach disharmony 肝胃不和 Liver wind agitation 肝风内动 Liver Yang rising 肝阳上亢 Liver Yin deficiency 肝阴虚 Long pulse 长脉 Longer menstrual interval 月经后期 Loose stool 便溏 Lung heart 肺热 Lung Qi deficiency 肺气虚 Lung Qi impairment 肺气失宣 M Measles 麻疹 Menstrual irregularities 月经失调 Merdian-collateral theory 经络学说 Meridial distribution 归经 Mutual promotion 相须 N Night sweat 盗汗 Nine orifices 九窍 Normal pulse 平脉 Nourishing blood and liver 养血柔肝 P Pale tongue 淡白舌 Palpation 切诊 Palpitation 心悸 Pathogenesis 病机 Peeled coating 剥脱苔 Pestilence 疫疠 Pharynx neurosis 梅核气 Phlegm-damp obstructing lung 痰湿阻肺 Pill 丸 Pores 玄府 Principal and subordinate 标本 Pulse condition 脉象 Pulse-taking 脉诊 Purgation-tonifying 攻补兼施 Q Qi-blood and fluid 气血津液 Qi deficiency 气虚 Qi depression 气滞 Qi function 气机 R Rapid pulse 数脉 Relaxing bowels 润肠通便 Removing stasis to promote blood circulation 化瘀行血 Resolving damp, aromatic 芳香化湿 Resuscitation 开窍 Retch 干呕 Reverse restriction 相侮 S School in favour of the doctrine of warm diseases 温病学派 School of febrile diseases by cold injury 伤寒学派 Scrofula 瘰疬 Sighing 太息 Smallpox 天花 Somnolence 多寐 Sore 疮 Spleen Qi deficiency 脾气虚 Spleen Yang deficiency 脾阳虚 Spleen Yin deficiency 脾阴虚 Spontaneous sweating 自汗 Stranguria 小便涩痛 Stomach cold 胃寒 Stomach heat 胃热 Strengthening healthy energy 扶正 Striae 腠理 Stringy pulse 弦脉 Sunstroke 中暑 T Tenesmus 里急后重 Tonifying deficiency 虚则补之 Tonifying kidney and holding Qi 补肾纳气 Tonifying Qi and spleen 益气健脾 Treating excess with purgation 实则泻之 Treatment with syndrome differentiation 辨证论治 Twenty-eight pulses 二十八脉 U Ulcer 溃疡 Urinal incontinence 小便失禁 Uterus 女子胞 V Vitaport 命门 W Whitish fur 白苔 Whooping cough 百日咳 Y Yellowish fur 黄苔 Ying and Yang in balance 阴平阳秘 Z Zheng 证 医学 Medicine 基础医学 Basic Medicine 人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology 病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms 病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology 法医学 Forensic Medicine 放射医学 Radiation Medicine 航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine 临床医学 Clinical Medicine 内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学) Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases) 儿科学 Pediatrics 老年医学 Geriatrics 神经病学 Neurology 精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health 皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology 影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine 临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 护理学 Nursing 外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学) Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery) 妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology 眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty 耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology 肿瘤学 Oncology 康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine 麻醉学 Anesthesiology 急诊医学 Emergency Medicine 口腔医学 Stomatology 口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology 口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology 公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics 劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology 军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine 中医学 Chinese Medicine 中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine 中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine 中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine 方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine 中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine 中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine 中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine 中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine 中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine 中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine 中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine 针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine 民族医学 Ethnomedicine 中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative 中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine 药学 Pharmaceutical Science 药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry 药剂学 Pharmaceutics 生药学 Pharmacognosy 药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis 微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy 药理学 Pharmacology 中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology 一、医学英语在词汇上的一些特点: 1. 1 从词源学的角度来看,医学英语的专业名词和术语,有2/3以上的词汇都是源出拉丁、希腊语(根据Os-car E. Nybaken的统计(1),拉T、希腊词素在医学英语词汇中之所以具有这样举足轻重的作用和影响,除了历史的原因以外,还与它们都拥有丰富的词缀有关。这些词缀可与不同的词干一起,能擎生无数新词'之'。如: 1. 2 在医学英语中,词汇的意义比较稳定,而日常英语、文学英语中一词多义、一义多词的现象非常普遍。后者连最简单的eye,
face, tongue, hand, tooth等人体器官名称都具有多种不同的词义。医学英语中有众多的习惯用语和专用术语,其词义的稳定性,使它们在表达某一概念或现象时,总是被重复使用。 1. 3 医学英语词汇不具有感情色彩,有很多普通词汇,在医学英语中与在日常英语中使用起来给人的感觉大不一样。 1. 4 医学英语很少使用具有夸张、比喻含义的词汇,因为医学论著注重事实和逻辑,需要的是科学性和严肃性。并且,医学英语用词较具体化,这样才能表达得清楚和准确,不至于引起误解。 1. 5 医学英语不太注重词形的悦目,语音的悦耳,在医学英语文献中经常会出现诸如此类的词:os-teoarthropathy(骨关节病),lymphadenopathy(淋巴结病),glomerulonephritis(肾小球性肾炎),sulfapyrim-idine(磺胺嗜陡).这些词既难看又难听,但它们能表达确切的专业意义,这就使医学英语在很大程度上成为一种书面语言,不适合朗读,更不适合吟诵。 1. 6 医学英语较少使用短语动词,更多地使用所谓“规范”的书面语动词',常常用单个动词,如用absorb来表示take in,用discover来表示find out,用observe来表示look at,用。ancel来表示call off,这是因为单个动词词义较确切,不像短语动词有时往往不止一种含义。而且,单个动词较为“正规”,适于在书面语中使用。再者,单个动词简洁,用起来方便。 二、医学英语在语法结构上的一些特点: 2. 1 大量使用名词和名词词组: 汉语用动词的地方,在医学英语中往往用名词来表示,如: 2. 2 医学英语的文献中较多地使用被动语态结构。请看下例: 2. 3 医学英语文献中,非谓语动词短语用得较频繁。例如: 2. 4 医学英语中,包含两个以上从句的长句较多。 综上所述,我们可以看到,医学英语词汇不易发生语义上的变化,不具主观感情色彩,语句结构比较严谨规范等特性。了解医学英语的这些特性,对于我们阅读医学论著的原文将大有裨益。 Parts of Human Body 人体部位 Cranium 颅 front 额 Occipt 枕 temples 颞 ear 耳 face 面 eye 眼 nose 鼻 mouth 口 lip 唇 neck 颈 trunk 干,躯干 back 背 thorax 胸 abdomen 腹 umbilicus 脐 pelvis 骨盆 hip 髋 limb,extremity 肢 upper limb(extremity) 上肢 lower limb(extremity) 下肢 axilla 腋 arm 臂 elbow 肘 forearm 前臂 hand 手 wrist 腕 palm 掌 thenar 鱼际 hypothenar 小鱼际 finger 指 thumb 拇指 index finger 示指 thigh,femur 股 knee 膝 leg 小腿 ankle,malleolus 踝 foot 足 tarsus 跗 sole 跖 toe 趾 Introduction 绪论 anatomical position 解剖学姿势 sagittal plane 矢状面 median (or midsagittal) plane 正中矢状面 coronal (or frontal) plane 冠状面(或额状面) transverse (or horizontal) plane 横断面(或水平面) tnterior (or ventral) surface 前面(或腹侧面) posterior (or dorsal) surface 后面(或背侧面) superior (or cranial) end 上端(或颅端) inferior (or caudal) end 下端(或尾端) medial (ulnar or tibial) border 内侧(尺侧或胫侧)缘 lateral (radial or fibular) border 外侧(桡侧或腓侧)缘 proximal (or upper) end 近侧端(或上端) distal (or lower) end 远侧端(或下端) internal (or interior) surface 内面 external (or exterior) surface 外面 superficial layer 浅层 deep layer 深层 Earthworm地龙 East Asian Tree Fern Rhizome狗脊 Elecampane Inula Root土木香 Emblic Leafflower Fruit余甘子 English Walnut Seed胡桃仁 Entada Sten瞌藤子 Entadae Stem过江龙 Ephedra Herb麻黄 Epigeal Srephaia Root地不容 Epimedium Herb淫羊藿 Erect St. John'swort Herb小连翘 Ergot麦角 Eriocarpous Glochidion Leaf漆大姑 Eucommia Bark杜仲 European Grape Fruit索索葡萄 European Hop Flower啤酒花 European Verbena马鞭草 European Waterhemlock Root毒芹 False Chinese Swertia Herb当药 Falsehellebore Root and Rhizome藜芦 Falsesour Cherry樱桃核 Fangchi Root广防已 Feather Cockscomb Seed青葙子 Fennel Fruit小茴香 Fermented Soybean淡豆豉 Fewflower Lysionotus Herb石吊兰 Field Sowthistle Herb苣荬菜 Fig无花果 Figwort Root玄参 FigwortflowerPicrorhizaRhizome胡黄连 Filiform Cassytha Herb无根藤 Fimbriae Orostachys瓦松 Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb荆芥 Finger Citron佛手 Fistular Onion Stalk葱白 Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb绞股蓝 Flabelate Maiden-hair Herb过坛龙 Flastem Milkvetch Seed沙苑子 Flos Caryophyllata丁香 Fluorite紫石英 Forbes Wildginger Herb杜衡 Forest Frog's Oviduct蛤蟆油 Forrest Silkvine Stem or Root黑骨头 Fortune Eupatorium Herb佩兰 Fortune Firethorn Fruit救兵粮 Fortune Loosestrife Herb星宿菜 Fortune Meadowrue Herb白蓬草 Fortune Paulownia Fruit /Royal Paulownia Fruit泡桐果 Fortune Plumyew Twig and Leaf三尖杉 Fortune Windmillpalm Petiole棕榈 Fortune's Drynaria Rhizome骨碎补 Fourstamen Stephania Root粉防己/汉防己 Fragrant Eupatorium Herb飞机草 Fragrant Plantainlily Herb玉簪 Fragrant Sarcococca Herb清香桂 Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome玉竹 Franchet Groundcherry Calyx and Fruit锦灯笼 Frangrant Ainsliaea Herb杏香兔耳风 Frankincense乳香 Freshwater Sponge紫梢花 Fringed Iris Herb铁扁担 Fruticose Breyniae Leaf and Twig黑面神 刚接触医药方面的说明书时,如见天书。好歹也是学习英语超过10年,作为非英语专业、该过的级也过了。大学也是以重视英文教学著称;心理所受打击可想而知。借着手头上的医学英汉词典,才能看懂。也明白医学和药学其实是很不同的两块领域。 以下的英文药品说书的写法,是我手头上能找到的最好的版本。不仅帮助我了解药品说明书、并学着做说明书的中译英。还帮助理解其它专业英语。] 英文药品说明书的写法——第一节 药品名称 一、进口药英文说明书的结构简介 “药品说明书”的英文表达方式有Instructons,Directions,Description 现在多用Package Insert,或简称 Insert,也有用Leeflet或Data Sheets.Insert原意为“插入物,插页”。药品说明书即为附在每种药品包装盒中的一份用药说明。经过注册的进口药品一般是国家承认的有效药物,其说明书是指导医生与患者合理用药的重要依据,具有一定的法律效力。 进口药的英文说明书随药品来源的不同,有以英语为母语的国家,也有以英语为外语的国家。说明书繁简难易不同。短者仅百余词,长者可达上万词。较简单的悦明书仅介绍成分、适应症、禁忌症、用法与用量等内容;较详尽的说明书中除上述内容外还包括:药品性状、药理作用、临床药理、临床前动物试验、临床经验、药代动力学、庄意事项、不良反应或副作用、用药过量、药物的相互作用、警告、有效期、包装、贮存条件、患者须知及参考文献等诸多项目。 为了顺利阅读和正确翻译进口药英文说明书,读者除应具备较好的英语基础,掌握一定的专业知识(如医学、化学、药剂学、药理学、药物代谢动力学等)外,还应熟悉英文药品说明书的结构及语言待点等。大多数英文说明书都包括以下内容;①药品名称(Drug NameS),②性状(Description),③药理作用(Pharmacological Actions),④适应症(Indications),⑤禁忌证(Contraindications),⑥用量与用法(DOsage and Administration).⑦不良反应(Adverse Reactions)。⑧注意事项(Precautions),⑨包装(Package),⑩贮存(Storage),⑾其他项目(Others)。 现将各项专题的表述方法与翻译、结构特点、常用词语及阅读技巧等分述如下。 二、药品名称(第一节) 英文药品说明书中常见的药品名称有商品名( Trade Name或 Proprietary Name),通用名( Generic Name)和化学名(Chemical Name),其中最常见的是商品名。例如,日本田边有限公司生产的熊去氧胆酸片,其商品名为 Ursosan(Tablets):通用名为 Ursodesoxycholic Acid(熊去氧胆酸);化学名为3a,7p dihydroxy-5p-Cholanoic acid(3a,7p二羟基5p胆烷酸)。有时同一种药品,不同的厂家使用不同的商品名称。 药品说明书中的标题药名用其商品名。有时在其右上角(或在上角)有一(R)标记,例如ADRIBLASTNA(R)(阿霉素),TEGRETOL(痛痉宁)。“R”是Register(注册)的缩写,(R)表示该产品已经本国的有关部门核准.取得了此项专用的注册商标(Registered Trade Mark)。有时在商品名之下(或后)又列有通用名或化学名.例如: Rulide(罗力得)之下列有(Roxithromycin,罗红霉素): Minipress(脉宁平)之后列有(Praxosin HCI,盐酸哌唑嗪); Nitro-Dur(护心贴片〕之下又列有( Nitroglycerin,硝酸甘油)。 药品名称的翻译可采用音译、意译、音意合译及谐音译意等方法。 1、音译:按英文药品名歌的读音译成相同或相近的汉语。如:Tamoxitn它莫西芬,Ritalin利他林,Am-acin 阿米卡星。音译较为方便,但不能表意。 2、意译:按药品名称所表达的含意译成相应的汉语。例如:cholic Acid 胆酸,Tetracyline四环素;也可其药理作用翻译.如:Minidiab灭糖尿(治疗糖尿病药物),Natulan疗治癌(细胞生长抑制剂),Uraly消石素(治疗尿路结石药物)等。 3、音意合译:药品名称中的一部分采用音译,另一部分采用意译.例如:Coumadin香豆定(coumarin香豆素),Neo-Octin新握克丁(neo-新);Medemycin麦迪霉素(-mycin 霉素),Cathinone卡西酮(-one酮)。 4、谐音译意:以音译为原则,选用谐音的汉字,既表音,又表意,音意结合。例如:Antrenyl安胄灵,Doriden多睡丹,Legalon利肝隆,Webilin胃必灵.商品名称可以这样翻洋,而法定名称则规定不可以这样翻译。 药品的化学名称反映出该药品的化学结构组成成分,可借助英汉化学化工词典进行翻译。如果名称很长,可以分解开来,分别查出各个组成部分的名称,组合而成。例如:Catalin(卡他林)的化学名称是1-Hvdroxy- 5-oxo-5H-pyrido(3,2-a)-Phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid,译成汉语是1-羟基-5-氧-5H-吡啶开(3,2-a)吩 嗪-3-羧酸。如能掌握一些常用的酸、碱、盐、基因、化合物的英文名称,以及常用的前缀、后缀等,翻译时会顺利得多。例如:chloride氯化物,sulfate(sulphate)硫酸盐,acetyl一乙酰基,amino氨基,di-二,dihydro-二氢。nitro-硝基,-ester酯,-lactone内酯,-one酮、-oxide氧化物,-urea脲等等. 为了统一药品名称的译名,卫生部药典委员会已拟定出原料药和辅料命名原则,并刊行了<药名词汇>一书,可供翻译英文药品名称时参考。 第二节 性状 许多药品说明书的第一项是Description(性状),其原意是“叙述”、“描写”,在药品说明书及药典中一般都译为“性状”,其内容主要是介绍外观、理化性质、组成成分、结构、特征等。这一项最常用的标题是Description,此外还可能有其他的表示法,如: Chemical Structure 化学结构 Composition 成分 Physical and Chemical Properties 理化性质 这一项中的英语词汇除一部分化学专业词汇外,多为常用词,借助英汉化学化工词典及英汉词典即可通读。 一、本项中常见的句型 例1.Folic acid is a yellowish to orange, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless. 叶酸是淡黄色至橙色结晶粉沫,无臭或几乎无臭。 例2.Intralipos 10% is a white opaque fat emulsion for intravenous injection, containing 10 W/V % of purified soybean oil. 脂肪乳剂(10%)是白色,不透明,供静脉注射用的脂肪乳剂,含有10%(W/V)的精制大豆油。 例3.Ursosan Tablet 50mg is a white plain tablet which contains 50mg of ursodesoxycholic acid. 熊去氧胆酸片为白色素片,每片含50mg熊去氧胆酸。 例4.Sterile pyrogen-free, orange red, freeze-dried powder in vials containing 10mg and 50mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride with lactose. (本品)为小瓶装,灭菌无热原,桔红色冻干粉沫,每小瓶含有10mg或50mg阿霉素盐酸盐与乳糖。 例5.It occurs as a white to off-white, crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, dilute acid and most organic solvents. 本品(炎痛息康)为白色至类白色结晶固体,难溶于水、稀酸及大多数有机溶剂中。 例6.Pamine, chemically known as epoxytropine tropate methylbromide, has the empirical formula C18H24NO4Br and the molecular weight 398.3. 哌明的化学名称为环氧莨菪碱托品酸酯溴代甲烷,实验式为C18H24NO4Br,分子量为398.3. 例7.Kanendomycin is a very stable antibiotic, and its activity does not decrease when the powder is placed in an airlight container and kept at room temperatures for more than 2 years. 卡内多霉素是一种很稳定的抗生素,其粉沫置于密封容器中,在室温下保存二年以上,活性不减。 例8.This product is prepared from units of human plasma which have been tested and found nonreactive for hepatitis associated (Australia) antigen. 本品由人血浆制备,此血浆业经检验,并且证明对肝炎(澳大利亚)抗原无反应。 二、本项中常用的词语 1、表示组成、制备的词及短语,如: be derived from 由……衍生 consist of 由……组成 be obtained 制得 contain 含有 be prepared from 由……制备 have (possess) 有(具有) 2、表示性质的一些词类,如: colo(u)r 颜色 stable 稳定的 taste 味道 molecular formular 分子式 odo(u)rless 无臭的 molecular weight 分子量 crystalline 结晶的 structure 结构 solubility 溶解度 injection 注射剂 insoluble 不溶的 solution 溶液 odo(u)r 气味 tablets 片剂 colo(u)rless 无色的 derivative 衍生物 tasteless 无味的 liquid 液体 sterile 无菌的 powder 粉沫 soluble 可溶的 solid 固体 还有许多其他词汇,不能一一列举。记住这些常用词对阅读本项内容大有益处。 第三节 药理作用 有些说明书较详细地介绍药品的药理作用(Pharmacological Actions)。其内容主要包括药理作用、临床药理(Clinical Parmacology)、体外试验(in vitro experiments)、药物代谢(Metabolism)、药效(Potency)及毒性(Toxicity)等。这一项常用的标题是: Pharmacological Action 药理作用 Pharmacological Properties 药理性质 Pharmacology 药理学 Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理 其他的表示方法还有: Actions 作用 Actions and Properties 作用与性质 Clinical Effect (Use) 临床效果(用途) Mechanism of Action 作用机理 Mode of Action 作用方式 如果药品的一种抗生素,可能出现: Biological Action 生物活性 Microbiology 微生物学 此外,还有一此其他的表示方法,这里不一一列举。 这一项目中涉及的词汇范围包括药理学、生理学、化学、毒理学、微生物学及医学等学科,专业词汇多,是较难阅读的一部分内容,阅读时可参阅《英汉医学词汇》、《英汉微生物学词汇》及《英汉化学化工词汇》等工具书。另外,还会遇到许多缩写词,如:CNS(中枢神经系统)、EEG(脑电图)、LD50(半数致死剂量)、ECG(心电图)等,这些缩写词可在英汉医学缩略语词典中查到。 一、常见句型举例 例1. Mean peek serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration. 肌注后约30~50分钟之间妥布毒素的平均血药浓度达到高峰。 例2. Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates. 戊巴比妥钠对中枢神经系统产生抑制作用,并显示戊巴比妥类特有的镇静催眠作用。 例3. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs. 临床试验证实,本品疗效高,可改善已改变了的脑循环,使之恢复正常,治疗与四肢动脉血流不畅有关的疾病。 例4. Orbenin is stable to staphylococcal penicillinase, and highly effective against resistant staphylococci.It is bactericidal, acid-stable and well absorbed by either the oral or the intramuscular route. 全霉林对葡萄球菌的青霉素酶稳定,对耐药葡萄球菌十分有效。本品具杀菌、耐酸作用,且口服或肌注吸收良好。 例5. Nystain has been found to inhibit the growth of yeast like flora in the intestinal tract. 已查明制霉菌素在肠道内可抑制菌丛类酵母菌的生长。 例6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant. 已证明芬那露是疗效很好的横纹肌松施药。 例7. Halcion is a potent short-acting hypnotic agent, which produces its hypnotic activity from the first night of administration. 好而睡是一种强力速效催眠药,它从服药后的第一个夜晚开始产生催眠作用。 例8. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream. 从治疗上看,三磷酸腺苷注射剂显示了非常好的效果,特别是在活化神经的功能及代谢,以及舒张冠状与外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此。 二、常用词及短语举例 1、动词 absorb 吸收 act 作用 cause (be cause by) 引起(由……引起) demonstrate 显示 exert (action on) 起……作用 exhibit 显示 inhibit 抑制 accumulate 积蓄 administrate 投药 excrete 排泄 result in 导致 indicate 表明 maintain 维持 produce 产生 protect (from) 保护(不变) reach 达到 show 显示,表明 treat 治疗 metabolize 代谢 promote 促进 prevent 阻止,预防 tolerate 耐受 2、形容词 (be) active (effective) against 对…有效的 (be) related to 与……有关的 (be) sensitive to 对……敏感的 resistant to ……有耐药性的 average 平均的 minimum 最低(小)的 maximum 最高(大)的 normal 正常的 3、名词 ability 能力 activity 活性 distribution 分布 excretion 排泄 action 作用 clearance 廓清率 effect on 对…的作用 function 功能,作用 half life 半衰期 in vitro 体外 kidney 肾 mechanism 机理 serum concentration 血清浓度 tolerance 耐受性 infection 感染 in vivo 体内 level 水平,浓度 plasm lever 血浆浓度(水平) toxicity 毒性 以上仅举部分例词,此外还有许多专业词汇和基础词汇请参阅有关资料。 第四节 适应症 “适应症”最常用的有以下几种表示方法 Indications适应症 Indications and Usage 适应症与用途 Major(Principal)Indications 主要适应症 Uses用途 Action and Use作用与用途 偶尔也会见到其他的表示方法。 本项中出现频率最高的是疾病名称以及微生物(尤其是致病菌)的名称,如: angina pectoris 心绞痛 cancer癌 diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病 hypertension 高血压 gram-positive microorganisms(bacteria)革兰氏阳性菌 virus 病毒 gram-negative mcroorgansms(bacteria)革兰氏阴性菌 E.coli 大肠杆菌 这些词汇可借助英汉医学词典进行阅读和翻译,只要掌握了这些词意,即可了解本项基本内容。 一、常见句型 本项是说明书的重点,从句子结构来分析,大致有以下几种类型。 1、不完全句结构.仅列出疾病或微生物的名称.例如: 例1、Angina pectoris, Prinzmetal's angina,hypertension 心绞痛,变异性心绞痛,高血压。 例 2 The following diseases caused by bacteria including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus,Streptcoccus, Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae…… 用于治疗由革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌,如葡萄球菌、链球菌。大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌……引起的下列疾病…… 2 由For(或In等)引出的短语,例如: 例3 For prevention of the advance of cataract. 用于预防白内障进展。 例 4 In the treatment of all forms of pulmonary tubercuosis in association with other antitubercular drugs. 与其他抗结核药配伍,治疗各种类型肺结核。 3.To+动词原形构成的短语,如: 例 5 To prevent the formation of urinary calculi,especially in cases where they tend to recur. 用于预防尿路,特别是易发部位的结石的形成。 例6 To protect the liver cell during administration of drugs hazardous to the liver. 在服用对肝脏有危害的药物期间,用以保护肝细胞。 4,完整的句子结构或段落,有时结构很复杂; 例 7 Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from Gram-negative sensitive species,there included the Pseudomonas species;it may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci, 阿米卡星可用于治疗革兰氏阳性敏感菌(其中包括假单孢菌)引起的感染,也可用于治疗敏感葡萄球菌引起的感染。 例 8 Nebcin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible microorganisms: 乃柏欣适用于治疗下列由敏感细菌引起的感染: 例 9 Octinum D has proved effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders arising from spasm of the smooth musculature. 新握克了已证实对平滑肌痉挛引起的病症有预防和治疗作用。 例10 Fungizone intravenous is especially intended to treat cryptococcosis…… 注射用凡疾送特别适用于治疗隐球菌病。… 例11 Kanamycin is active both in vitro and vivo against Gram-possitive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as acid-fast bacteria 卡那霉素在体外及体内对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌以及耐酸菌都有效。 例12 Benemid is recommended for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during anti-infective therapy. 丙磺舒被推荐用于治疗痛风及痛风关节炎,及在强化抗感染治疗时增加并延长青霉素类及头孢菌素类的血浆浓度。 例 13 Information available at present suggests that Oncovin may be useful either alone or in conjunction with other oncolytic drugs for the treatment of acute leukaemias …… 据现有资料表明,硫酸长春新碱可单独使用,亦可与其他溶瘤细胞药物合用,以治疗急性白血病…… 例14 Adriamycin is frequenly used in combination chemotherapy regiments with other cytotoxyc drugs. 阿霉素常与其他细胞毒药物合用于化疗方案。 例 15 Concomitant therapy with other calcium antagonists, antihypertensives and alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive action of the drug. 与其他的钙桔抗剂、抗高血压药物及酒精饮料同时使用,会增强本品的降低血压的作用。 二、本项中的常用词及短语举例 许多常用词及疾病名、微生物名词等与“药理作用”项类同,此外还有以下词组与短语(例句参见前文)。 be active against对……有效 be intended to…适用于…… be administared in …适用于… be of value of … 适用于…… be effective in (for,against)…对…有效 be recommended for 推荐用于…… be employed to …用于…… be used to(for,as)…用于…… be helpful in … 用于…… be useful in … 用于…… be indicated in(for)…适用于… for(in) the treatment(management)of… 用于治疗(控制) 表示与“其他药物合用”的结构有: be associated with in association with be combined with in combination with be compatible with in connjunction with concomitant with together with 第五节 禁忌症 本项中最常用的英语表示法是Contraindications,也有用Restrictions on Use(用药限制)的。 一、本项中涉及到禁用(或慎用)某些药物的患者或某种特殊情况,例如: 1、孕妇、妊娠期或哺乳期,幼童等: pregnant woman 孕妇 lactation 哺乳期 in pregnancy 妊娠期 children under …years of age …岁以下儿童 the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy 妊娠期的最初三个月 2、患有某些疾病或过敏的患者,如: allergic (hypersensitive) to… 对…过敏的 allergic (anaphylactic) reaction 过敏反应 allegy (hypersensitivity) to… 对…过敏 patients with… (who…) 患有…的患者 二、本项中常出现一些疾病名称,例如: cardiac failure 心力衰竭 hypertension 高血压 cardiac (renal) insufficiency 心(肾)功能不全 severe hypotension 严重低血压 impairment of kidney (renal function) 肾功能损伤 diabetes 糖尿病 liver (hepatic) damage 肝损伤 severe anemia 严重贫血 三、常见句型 1) 省略句型,只列出禁忌对象或疾病名称等。 例1. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy - to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds. 孕期,对氨甲叶酸过敏,肝、肾功能障碍,血液系统疾病(骨髓机能减退、白细胞及血小板减少、贫血),传染病,口腔及胃溃疡,近期术后伤口等忌用。 例2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency. 对喹喏酮类过敏,严重肾功能不全。 2) 完整的句子或段落。其中常用的结构有: contraindications are… 禁忌症是… be contraindicated in (for) … 对…禁忌 should not be used (employed) in … 不得用于… It is advisable to avoid the use of … 建议不用于… must not be administered (given) to… 对…不得用药 should be used with caution 慎用 be not recommended for… 最好不用于… none reported 未见报道 not known 不清楚 还可能有一些其他的结构。 例3. Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics. 先锋5号禁用于已知对头孢菌素类抗生素过敏的患者。 例4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclo-propane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use. 如果不是临床需要,建议本品不要与环丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉剂合用。 例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid is not recommended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age. 若以前使用丙磺舒曾引起过敏反应,则应禁用。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性肾结石的患者建议不要使用本品,二岁以下儿童不得服用。 例6. Phenothiazine compounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotics, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur. 接受大剂量安眠药的患者不应使用吩噻嗪化合物,对有惊厥病史的患者应慎用,因为已知有发生过癫痫大发作。 例7. Ursosan should not be given to patients suffering from fulminant hepatitis and bile duct obstruction. 暴发性肝炎及胆管阻塞患者禁用熊去氧胆酸。 例8. This product is contraindicated in those patients who have shown hypersensitivity to it unless, in the opinion of the physician, the condition requiring treatment is life threatening and amenable only to amphotencin B therapy. 除非根据医生的意见,认为需要治疗的患者的病情危及生命,并且只有两性霉素治疗才可能使其有所改善之外,对本品过敏的患者禁用本品。 例9. Children under 5 years of age should not be treated with Antistine. 5岁以下儿童禁用敌胺。 例10. The use of Alexan in nursing mothers is not recommended. 哺乳期妇女最好不用爱力生。 例11. Pregnancy: Coumadin is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnat because the drug basses through the placental barrier and may cause fatal hemorrhage to the felus in utero. 妊娠期禁用:香豆定禁用于孕妇,或可能已怀孕的妇女,因为本品可能穿过胎盘屏障,引起子宫内胚胎致命的出血。 四、在 Restrictions on use 的项目中有时还有小标题 Contraindications 禁忌症 Precautions (Note) 注意事项 Warning 警告 Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠与哺乳 第六节 用量与用法 本项最常用的英语表示法有: Dosage and Administration 用(剂)量与用法 Route of Administration 给药途径(用法) Administration 用法 Direction for Use 用法 Method of (for) Administration 用法 Application and Dosage 用法与用(剂)量 Mode of Application 用法 Dosage 用(剂)量 How to Use 用法 Posology 剂量学 还可能有其他的表示方法。 本项也是阅读的重点,读者必须正确理解本项内容中的给药对象、给药方式、剂量及剂量单位、给药时间等。 1、常用表示剂量的术语 average dose 平均剂量 minimal (minimum) dose 最小有效量 daily dose 日剂量(一日量) multiple dose 多剂量 divided dose 分次剂量 overdose (overdose) 过量 fatal (lethal) dose 致死量 single dose 一次剂量 indicated dose 有效蛴量 standard dose 标准(合适)剂量 initial (beginning, starting) dose 首次量 suggested (recommended) dose 推荐剂量 maintenance dose 维持量 therapeutic dose 治疗剂量 maximum dose 最大剂量(极量) usual (normal) dose 常用剂量 2、常用的剂量单位表示法 g=gram 克 l=liter (litre) 升 mg=milligram 毫克 ml=milliliter 毫升 kg=kilogram 千克 c.c. 毫升 mcg=microgram 微克 I.U.=international unit 国际单位 ug 微克 body weight 体重 per square meter of body surface 每平方米体表面积 3、每次给药次数的表示方法 daily (per day, a day, every day ) 每日 every …hours 每隔…小时 intervats of … 每隔… once (twice) daily (a day) 每日一(二)次 every other day 每隔一日 three times a day (daily) 每日三次 three times a week 每周三次 once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一(二)次 Divided into … doses 分…次 in two or three divided doses 分为二或三次(个剂量) 例1 Unless other wise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily. 如果医生不另开处方,平均日剂量为每日3次、每次1个胶襄。 例2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg dody weight daily in 3-4 divided doses orally, taken with meets. 日剂量最好每公斤体重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,与食物共服。 例3 The initial dosage recommended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily. 开始剂量最好为每日3次,每次半片美多巴250. 例4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally divided and spaced doses. 儿童:常用总剂量为每日50-100mg/kg体重,均分为四等份,等间隔给药。 例5 The recommended starting dose is 20mg given as a single daily dose. 推荐的首剂量为每20mg,一次服用。 4、给药对象:最常见的用词有 adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 幼儿 adult(s) 成年人 male 男性 baby (babies) 婴儿 newborn baby (babies) 新生儿 children (child) 儿童 patient(s) 患者,病人 debilitated patients 体弱患者 pediatric 儿科的 elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕妇 female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者(病人) 5、给药方式的表示法:多用副词成或介词短语表示,例如: intra-arterially 静脉内给药 by mouth (OS) 口服 intragluteally 臀肌内给药 by phleboclysis 静脉输液 intramuscularly 肌内给药 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射 intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔内给药 by intravenous (IV) injection 静脉注射 intrapleurally 胸(膜)腔内给药 by the intra-articatar administration 关节内给药 intrathecally 鞘内给药 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌内给药 intravenously 静脉内给药 by the intranasal route 鼻内给药 locally 局部给药 orally 口服给药 parenterally 肠道外给药 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔内给药 subconjuntivally 结膜下给药 by the intravenous infusion (perfusion) 静脉输注 subcutaneously 皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药 submucously 粘膜下给药 by the intrathecal administration 鞘内给药 by aerosol 喷雾给药 by the subligual administration 舌下给药 by drip phleboclysis 点滴静脉输液 per rectum 直肠给药 by enema 灌肠 per vaginum 阴道给药 by lumbar 腰椎给药 pro recto 直肠给药 此外还有许多其他的表示法,不一一列举。 6、表示“投药”的常用动词 administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 给药、投药 use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用药 recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推荐给药 7、表示不同的用药方式的动词: take 服用 inhale 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于 spray 喷雾 inject 注射 swallow 吞服 例6 …the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. 建议一次剂量为1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。 例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subdivided into injections every 6-8-12 hours. 肌肉注射:每日每公斤体重给药25-50mg,每6-8-12小时一次。 例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses. 成年人:肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射;婴儿:肌肉注射,每日10-20mg/kg体重,分2次注射。 例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid. 片剂(或糖浆)应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。 例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be applied to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest. 把护心贴片紧贴在皮肤表面,护心贴片可贴在任何方便的皮肤区域,最好是贴在手臂或胸部。 例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain. 一般应在心绞痛开始发作时就吸入,或向舌上或舌下喷入1-3个规定的剂量。 8、其它的短语或句型,例如: according to 根据 be adjusted 调整 depend on 依据 adapt to 适合,修改 on the basis of 在…基础上 vary from…to… 变化范围由…至…,因…而异 range from … to … 变化范围由…至… it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建议… 例子很多,不一一列举。 例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients individually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar. 在周期性检验尿糖和血糖的基础上,调整剂量,使之适用于不同的患者。 例13 It si advisable to initiate therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days. 建议开始治疗时采用大剂量,每日剂量为3x2片,饭后服用,持续2-4日。 例14 In severs chronic cases, treatment is started with daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route. 治疗严重的慢性疾病时,治疗从每日1-2支利胆素注射剂开始,继续治疗时每隔一日1安瓶缓慢静脉注射。 例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient. 所需注射次数因患者而异。 例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjusted by the doctor according to the individual metabolic state. 格路特利的剂量需由医生根据每个患者的代谢状况调整。 例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced. 在这种情况下,建议减少剂量。 例18 The maintenance dosage is determined by response of the patient. 维持剂量视患者对药物的反应而定。 从上述例句可见,本项中英语的普通词汇较多,只要有一定的英语基础均可读懂,专业词汇多为医学词汇,可从英汉医学词典中查出。 第七节 不良反应 不良反应这一项中包括药物的副作用、症状及体征、毒性作用及耐受力、过敏反应、停药等。现分述如下: 1.“不良反应”的常用的英语表示法有: Adverse Reaction(s)不良反应 Unwanted(Untoward) Reaction(s)不良反应 2“副作用”的常用的英语表示法有: Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用 Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用 3.常见的霉副反应的症状及体征的词语很多,但记住下列词语很有必要: allergic (hypersensitive,anaphylactic)reaction(s) 过敏反应 allergy(hypersensitivity) 过敏 dizzziness 眩晕 gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道 fever 发热 local reaction(s) 局部反应 flush 潮红 skin reaction(s)皮肤反应 headache 头痛 symptom(s)症状 nausea 恶心 systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙痒 anorexia 厌食 rash 皮疹 blood count 白细胞计数 spasm 痉挛 blood pressure 血压 thirst 口渴 coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦 diarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 呕吐 4.“霉性”、“耐受性”的英语表示法: toxicity 毒性 tolerance(tolerability) 耐受力,耐药性 tolerate(toleration) 耐受 5.“停药”的英语表示法举例: abandon 停药 discontinue(discontinuance,discontinuation) 停药,中断(治疗) cease(cessation)(stop)停药(停止治疗) don't use 勿使用(停药) suspend 停药 terminate 停止,结束 withdraw(be withdrawn,withdrawal)停药 6.其他一些常见的基本词汇及短语: acute 急性的 control(be controlled)控制 chronic 慢性的 diminish(reduce,reduction)减少 common 常见的 disappear 消失 irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到,见到 mild 轻微的 give rise to 产生 normal 正常的 include 包括 rare(ly)罕见的(地) lead to 导致 reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明,显示 severe 严重的 observe(be observed)(被)观察到 temporary 暂时的 produce 产生 transient 一过性的,短暂的 react to 对……反应 appear(develop,happen,occur)出现(产生) result from 由……引起 be reported (被)报道 result in 导致 cause (be caused by) (由……)引起 treat(treatment) 治疗 special care(caution)should be exercised 特别小心(注意) 例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus. 环丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常报道的副作用有:恶心、腹泻、呕吐、消化不良、腹痛、头痛、不安、皮疹、头晕及瘙痒。 例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine. 施乐凯的副作用根罕见,因为任何过量的钾都迅速由尿排出。 例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions (cutaneous and mucous reactions) are only observed in isolated cases. 用推荐剂量治疗时,仅见个别的静脉刺激或过敏反应(皮肤及粘膜反应)病例。 例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued. 当不良反应发生时,它们往往是可逆的,停用激素后副作用即消失。 例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment. 最严重的副作用是骨髓损害,因此在治疗期间,要经常监测白细胞计数。 例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage. 这些副作用通常在7-14日之后,或者暂时降低剂量便自行消失。 例7 With high dosage continuous infusion (more than 200mg/m2/day) over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy. 大剂量连续输注超过 5~7日(超过 200mg/m2/日),胃肠道并发症更为明显,偶尔可导致肠梗阻。停药后副作用皆可逆转。 例 8 In some patients nausea, dizziness,and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered. 服用本品的头几天,有些病人可能会出现恶心、头晕和呕吐,但不必停药。偶有血压下降的病例,为此,在治疗开始前建议对门诊患者检测血压。若副作用持续不消失,应减少服用剂量。 例9 Major adverse reactions (much less common than the minor adverse reactions) include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis. 较重的不良反应(远不及轻度不良反应常见)包括抑制骨髓细胞生成,药物热及肝炎。 例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear. 副作用:多数病例出现食欲减退、恶心,有时呕吐。这些症状通常发生在治疗的最初几天,以后逐渐消失。 第八节 注意事项 “注意事项”也是药品说明书中的重要内容之一。为了安全用药,厂商在本项中特别强调应注意的事项,其中主要包括:正确的剂量和用法,超过剂量时的应急措施,用药对象,可能出现的较严重的副作用及治疗方案,药物的配伍,药液的配制、使用及保管等、方面的注意事项。现就本项内容详细介绍如下: 1. 本项常用的英语表示法: Precaution(s) 注意事项 Special note(caution, precaution)特别注意 Caution(s) 注意事项 N.B. 注意 Noto 注意 Warning(s) 警告 有时也用: Important 重要事项 Important for the patients 患者须知 2. 本项中常见的检查项目: blood count 血细胞汁数 Kidney (renal) function 肾功能 blood picture(hemogram) 血象 Liver(hepatic)function 肝功 blood level 血浓度 serum concentration 血清浓度 blood pressure 血压 serum creatinine test 血清肌酸酐检验 clotting time 凝血时间 urine routine(examination) 尿常规 creatinine clearance 肌酸酐清除率 3. 本项的特点是内容长短不一,有难有易;词汇量大,涉及面广,既有普通词汇,也有大量的专业词汇及编写词。许多词汇、结构和句型可在药理作用、适应症、禁忌症、剂量和用法、副作用,贮藏等项中见到。从英语结构上分析,句型变化较多,长句、难句也屡屡出现,是比较难读的一个项目。 例1 Warnings and precautions: Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in epileptics and patients with a history of CNS disorders and only if the benefits of treatment are considered to outweight the risk of possible CNS side-effects. 警告和注意事项:癫痫病人及有中枢神经系统病史的患者慎用环丙沙星,仅当认为疗效超过可能产生的中枢神经系统副作用的危险时才可使用。 例2 Ciprofloxacin could result in impainnent of the patients ability to drive or operate machinary, particularly in conjunction with alcohol. 环丙沙星能损害人们驾驶汽车或操纵机器的能力,尤其是在饮酒之后。 例3 Warnings: Vepeside should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physicain experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. 警告:泛必治应该在使用治疗癌症的化疗制剂方面有经验、有资格的医生的监护下使用。 例4 The most serious risk associated with anticoagulant therapy with sodium warfarin are hemorrhage in any tissue or organ and less frequently, necrosis and/ or gangrene of skin and other tissues. The risk of hermorrhage is related to level of intensity and the duration of anticoagulant therapy. 用华注林钠进行抗凝治疗产生的最严重的危险就是组织或器官出血,以及不大常出现的皮肤和其他组织的坏死和(或)坏疽。出血的危险与抗凝治疗的药物浓度(水平)及疗程长短有关。 例5 The occurrence of a platelet count below 50,000/mm3 or an absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3 is an indication to withhold further therapy until the blood counts have sufficiently recovered. 血小板数低于s0,000/mm3 或绝对中性白细胞数低于500/mm3 ,表明不能继续使用本品治疗,待白细胞计教充分恢复后才能继续用药。 例6 Warfarin therapy should be discontinued when warfarin is suspected to be the cause of developing necrosis and heparin therapy may be considered for anticoagulation. 当怀疑华法林治疗引起坏死时,则须停止治疗,并且考虑使用肝素治疗。 例7 Dosage should be controlled by periodic determinations of prothrombin time(PT) or other suitable coagulation tests. 必须定期检查凝血酶原时间(PT),或做其他相应的凝血试验来控制剂量。 例8 Please note Cerebral convulsive disease is regarded as a relative contraindication for examinations in the subarachnoid space. If after careful consideration, these examinations are nevertheless performed, all equipment and medicines necessary to counter any convulsions may occur must be prepared ready for use beforehand. 请注意:脑惊厥被认为相对禁止进行蛛网膜下腔检查,如经谨慎考虑后、仍要进行这些检查时.必须事先备妥应付可能发生惊厥所需的所有设备与药品。 例9 Caution must be exercised in the case of hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media, latent hyperthyroidism and bland nodular goitre. 对碘造影剂过敏、隐匿性甲状腺亢进和轻微甲状腺肿的病例,应慎重。 例10 Caution Alcohol intake may enhance nitrate effects and occasionally induce hypotension with subsequent impairment of reactivity. During the first three months of pregnancy drugs should only be used on the express direction of the attendant physician. Isket spray should not be stored at temperatures above 25.C! Temperatures above 40 ℃ are to be be avoided, even for bried periods! Do not force canister open, even when empty! 注意:饮酒可增强硝酸盐的作用、偶尔引起低血压,继而损害反应力。妊娠三个月时,只有在监护医生明确指导下才可使用本品。异舒吉喷雾剂的贮存温度不应超过25℃!避免超过40℃。即使短时间也不可!不要用力开罐,即使空罐时也不可用力开!勿使儿童接触本品 例11 As with all new drugs, patients should be followed carefully so that any side-effects or unusual manifestations of drug idiosyncrasy may be detected. If any allergic reaction to Keflex occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents. 像使用所有新药一样,应细心地随访患者,以便观察任何副作用或药物特异反应。如果出现对头抱菌素IV的过敏反应,应停药,并用常规药物治疗患者。 例12 In patients with normal renal function, chronic hypercalcemia may be associated with an increase in serum creatinine. While this is usually reversible, It is important in such patients to pay careful attention to those factors which may lead to hypercalcemia. 对于肾功能正常的患者,慢性高钙血症可能与血清肌酸酐增多有关。这通常虽然是可逆的,然而对这样的病人,密切注意可能导致血钙过多的各种因素是很重要的。 例13 Precautions 一Avoid the concomitant use, in the absence of special monitoring laboratory of parameters, of anticoagulants or aspirin. 一Inform the attending physician in the event of bleeding or of the occurence of a hematoma. 注意事项:在无化验室参考指标的专门监测情况下,避免与抗凝剂或阿司匹林合用。如发生出血或出现血肿,应通知主治医生。 例14 Periodical examination of hepatic or renal function and blood picture is desirable since Kedacillin may increase SGOT. SGPT and BUN, and decrease erythrocyte and leucocyte. 磺苄青霉素钠可使血清谷-草转氨酶,血清谷-丙转氨酶和血液尿素氮增高,使红细胞和白细胞减少.所以最好要定期检查肝、肾功能和血象。 例15 N.B.Transference from insuline to Glutril may be attempted in case of maturity-onset diabetes with obesity;dosage is based upon the result of the necessarily frequent metablic tests. 注意:伴有肥胖症的成年型糖尿病患者,可试从胰岛素改用格路特利治疗,剂量应以必须经常进行的代谢试验为依据。 第九节 包 装 1“包装”在英文药品说明书中的表示法有许多,最常用的是Pack(Package)和Supply,例如: Pack(s) (Packing(s)) 包装 Supplys(Supplied) 包装 Package(s) 包装 How Supplied 包装方式 Packing for Hospital 医院用包装 Method of Supply 包装方式 Package Quantitiess( Quantity)包装量 此外还有, Presentation 包装 Hospital (Size) Packs 医院用包装 Availability 包装 Trade Packs(Packings) 商品包装 Mode(Form)of Issue 包装 2 常见的包装单位(工具)的英语表示法: ampoule(s) 安瓿 carton 纸盒 blister pack(package) 铝塑包装(水泡眼包装) pack 包 blister strip 铝塑条状包装(水泡眼条包装) sheet 张 bottle 瓶 strip 条 box 盒 tube 管 canist 罐 vial 玻璃小瓶 3 药物的常见剂型的英语表示法: aerosol (spray, inhaler) 气雾剂 ampoule 针剂 capsules 胶囊 oral solution 口服液 coated(-)tablets 包衣片 pill 丸剂 cream 乳膏 powder 粉剂 derm TTS 皮肤贴膏 retard capsules (tablets) 缓释胶囊(片) dregees 糖衣丸 scored-tablets 刻(划)痕片 drops 滴剂 solution 溶液剂 emulsion 乳剂栓剂 sugar-coated tablets 糖衣片 film-coated tablets 薄膜片。膜衣片 suppositories 栓剂 granule 颗粒 suspension 悬浮剂,混悬剂 injection 注射剂,针剂 sustainedrelease tablets 恒(缓)释片 liniment 搽剂 syrup 糖浆 liquid 液剂 tablets 片剂 ointment 软膏 4 本项的结构特点;内容结构简单,多为不完全句,或仅仅列出包装工具、剂型、装量等,词汇量容易阅读。 例1 Presentation 30 capsules. 包装:30粒胶囊装。 例2 Packages:Box containing one 100 mg bottle 包装:盒装,每盒1瓶,每瓶100 mg. 例3 Packing Bottle of 12 capsules 250 mg and 500 mg.Bxo of 12 capsules 250 mg in blister. Bottle for pediatri use (granulated): 20 gm granulated contain 1 gm ampicillin, The content of the spoon included in the packing corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin. 包装瓶装12粒胶囊,每粒含量250或500mg.盒装12粒胶囊(水泡眼包装),每粒含量250mg.瓶装儿童用颗粒剂:20克颗粒剂每瓶含有 1 g 氨苄青霉素。附在包装内的一匙的量,相当于1O0 mg 氨苄青霉素。 例4 Mode of issue Ceopran Is issued in vials containing 250 mg, 500 mg and 1 gram of cephaloridine. 包装方式本品小瓶包装,内装 250mg、500mg及 1 g 头抱菌素II. 例5 Trade packs Trade packs containing 50 and 100 sugar coated tablets. 商品包装 50 及 100 糖衣片包装。 例6 Packs(Madopar)250: Cross-scrored tablets each containing 200mg levodopa+50 mg benserazide. 包装 美多巴“250”刻痕片,每片含200mg左族多巴50mg羟苄丝肼。 例7 Method of supply Tablets in tubes, each containing 30 tablets. Paint in glass bottles of 24 ml.Meladinine is supplied only on prescription. 包装方式 管装片剂.每管30片。玻璃瓶装搽剂,每瓶24ml.敏白灵只按处方供药。 例8 Availability Syrup: Orbenin syrup is available in bottles containing reconstitutable powder for preparing an aqueous solution. When dispensed each 5 ml teaspoonful contains 125mg cloxacillin as the sodium salt. 包装 糖浆:全霉林糖浆为瓶装,内含可供再配制水溶液的粉末。配制后的每茶匙5ml药液中含125ml 邻氯青霉素钠盐, 例9 How supplied Tablets: Coumadin (crystalline Wartarin Sodium USP), For oral use, single scored imprinted numericallyand Packaged in bottles with potencies and colors as follows: 包装 片剂:香豆定(结晶华法林钢一美国药典标准)。供口服。药片上有一条划痕,印有数字。瓶装,效价及颜色如下: 例10 Also available in Hospital Unit-Dose blister package of 100. 也提供医院用的单位剂量的铝塑包装,(每包〕100片装。 例11 Temaril 250:white, film-coated tablets marked on one side with 250, each tablet containing 291.5mg ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (equivalent 50 250mg ciprofoxacin). 替马利尔25U:白色有刻痕标记的薄膜片,一面刻有“250mg”字样、每片含 291.5mg 盐酸环丙沙星-水合物(相当于250mg环丙沙星)。 例12 Packs Standard packs of 20 dregees Hospital packs of 100,500 and 1000 dregees. 包装 标准包装为20粒糖衣九。医院用包装为100,500及1000粒糖衣丸。 例13 Package ouantities Beconase Nasal Spray is a metered-dose aerosolsol with a specially designed nasal applicator. Each canister provides 200 sprays. 包装 喷雾剂是一种气雾剂.配有专门设计可供鼻用的喷雾器,每罐可喷雾 200次。 第十节 贮存 “贮存”的英语常用表示法是Storage.本项中常用的一些短语有: store (keep) in a cool and dry place 存于于阴凉干燥处 away from light 避光 away from children 勿让儿童接触 protect from light (heat) 避光(热) out of (the) reach of children 勿让儿童触及 prevent moisture 防潮 本项的句子较简单多为一简单句,其中多为祈使句;用词也不多。 例1 store medicines carefully. Keep away from children. 注意保存.勿让儿童接触。 例2 Stroe below 25℃ protecting from freezing and light. 存于25℃以下,防冻,避光。 例3 Validity and storage. The solution will keep for five years if stored at a emperature below +20℃. 有效期及贮法:放置于20℃以下可保存5年。 例4 Storage instructions: Protect from heat and light. 贮存方法;避光及防热贮存。 例5 To be stored in a dry place at a temperature not above 25℃. 存于不高于25℃的干燥之处。 例6 Do not store the suppositories over 25℃. 本栓剂不得存于25℃以上的温度。 例7 store at below 25℃ and protect from moisture, 存于25℃以下,防潮。 例8 The solution should be prepared immediately prior to use, but can be stored at 4℃ or up to one week. 药液应在配制后立即使用,但在4℃下可贮存一周。 有时也有较复杂的结构,或较多的内容,如: 例9 Ampoules and unopened nasal spray bottles should should be stored in a refrigerator (2—8℃). Onceopened the nasal spray bottle must be kept at room temperature; it should be kept in the upright position and used for a maximum of 4 weeks. Like all drugs,Miacalcic should be kept out of reach of children. 安瓿或未开启的喷雾剂瓶应存于冰箱(2-8℃)中。喷雾剂瓶一旦开启。就应于室温下保存、药瓶应直立存放,使用时间最多为4周。与其他药物一样,密钙息应妥善保存,勿让儿童接触。 例10 Protect from light. Store in carton until contents have been used. Store at controlled room temperature(59一86F, 15℃一30℃). Dispense in al tight, light-resistant container as defined in the U.S.P. 避光保存。药片在使用前于纸盒中保存。在恒温室温(59~86F,15℃一30℃)下保存。调剂时,使用美国药典规定的密闭,避光容器。 例11 Fungizone intravenous in powder form should be stored in the refrigerator, protected against exposure to light. The concentrate may be stored in the dark, at room temperature for 24 hours, or at refrigeratortemperatures for one week with minimal loss of potency and clarity. Any unused material should then be discarded. 两性霉素B粉剂应避光存于冰箱中。浓缩液可存于暗处,室温下可保存Z4小时,或可在冰箱 温度下保存一周,其效价及澄明度变化极小。那以后一切尚未用的药物就应弃之。 第十一节 其他项目 上述10项是绝大多数英文药品说明书中必备项目,但是许多说明书中还常常出现其他一些项目。例如: 1、特点(Characteristics), 2、性质(Properties), 3、药代动力学(Phamacokinetics), 4、用药过量(Overdosage), 5、相互作用(Interactions), 6、有效期(Validity), 7、其他可能出现的项目。 现将各项简要分述如下: 1、Characteristics(特点)或Features(特点)的主要内容是药物的药理作用特点、疗效、剂量及药物代谢等。所以本项内的英语词汇及结构特点与“药理学”、“剂量”等项内容相似。 例1 Characteristics: 1)Asverin Is an entirely new and patented cough medicine developed by Tanabe's rocess. 2)Asverin being a non-narcotic, can be used as a common medicine. 3)Antitussive effect of Asverin is equal to or more powerful than that of codeine. 4)Asverin is provided with an expectoranting action which has been never found in any conventional antitussitive agents so far available in the market. 5)Asverin can be administered safely for a long duration without any sideeffect. 特点1)安嗽灵是一种全新的、获有专利的用塔那勃氏方法研制的镇咳药。 2)安嗽灵属非麻醉药,可作为常用药使用。 3)安嗽灵的镇咳作用相当于或强于可待因。 4)安嗽灵的祛痰作用是迄今市场上可买到的常用镇咳药中前所未有的。 5)安嗽灵可长期服用,既安全又无副作用。 2. Properties(Property)(性质):本项内容与Characteristics 基本相同。 例2 Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid which has been used for a long time in thechemotherapy of tumours. 氨甲叶酸(简称MTX)为甲酰四氢叶酸的抗代谢物,长期以来一直用作治疗肿瘤的化疗药物。 例3 Unlike nitroglycerine, it is not rapidly inactivated in the liver and a reliable clinical effect can be expected. Toxicity is low-effects are minimal with Motazomin. 脉心导敏与硝酸甘油不同,在肝脏不能迅速失活,因而可望具有可靠的临床效果,本品毒性小,副作用极为轻微。 例4 Urgenin acts as an anti-inflammatory, reducing the swelling in the prostatic bladder region caused by general obstruction. It also stimulates the blood circulation in this area and the body's natural defence mechanism. 护前列腺素具有抗炎作用,能减轻前列腺膀胱区因一般性梗阻引起的肿胀,本品能刺激上述部位的血液循环,并增加机体的自然防御机制。 例5 Medomin induces restorative sleep lasting 6-8 hours. Because it is rapidly and completely broken down in the body, it is unlikely to produce morning hangover and does not cumulate. It retains its full activity even when used repeatedly. 美多眠可使消除疲劳的睡眠持续6~8小时;由于本品在体内能迅速和完全分解,因而不会产生清晨的“残留作用.也没有积蓄作用。即使经常服用,本品仍能保持充分的活性。 3.Pharmacokinetics(药物代谢动力学) 的内容王要是代谢(metabolism),吸收(absorption),分布与排泄(distribution and elimination)等: 例6 Ampicillin is stable in the presence of gastic acid and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (30-60% of a dose being absorbed by this route). Its absorpt-ion, however, is diminished when it is taken fogether with food. 氨苄青霉素在胃酸中稳定.而且易被胃肠道吸收(30~60%的一次剂量经此途径吸收)然而与食物共服,其吸收减少。 例7 The absolute bioavailability of Miacalic fouowing intramuscular or subcutaneous injection is approximately 70%. Its peak plasma concentration is attained within one hour and it has half-life of elimination of 70-90 minutes.Up to 95% of the dose is excreted via the kidneys, 2% as unchanged drug. The apparent volume of distribution is 0.15~0.31/kg and protein binding 30~40%. 肌注或者下注射后.密钙息的绝对生物利用率约为70%。1小时内其血药浓度可达高峰,其半衰期为 70~90分钟。高达95%的剂量经由肾脏排出,2%以其不变的药物原型排出。表观分布容积为0.15~0.31/kg、蛋白质结合率为 30~4C%。 例8 Midazolam is completely metabolized in the body. The primary metabolite is a-hydroxy-midazolam, which can be traced in the plasma. Immediately after its formation, this active metabolite is conjugated with glucuronic acid(inactlvation)and then eliminated by the kidneys. 速眠安在体内代谢完全,主要的代谢产物为a-羟基速眠安,可在血浆中查出。代谢产物形成后,此活性代谢物便立即与葡萄糖醛酸结合(失活),然后由肾脏排出。 4. Overdosage(超剂量,药物过量)主要介绍用药过量所产生的后果(effect),症状(signs and symptoms)及处理(treatment)方法。其英语词汇和结构等与“剂量与用法”,“副作用”,“注意事项”等项目中的词汇和结构相似。 例9 Overdosage may give rise to the following signs and symptoms: tremor, xcitation, convulsions, changes in blood pressure impairment of consciousness, and coma. EEG and ECG changes may also occur. Treatment: Measures to monitor and safeguard vital functions. Administration of diazepam wherenecessary. 超剂量可能引起下列体征和症状:震颤、兴奋、痉挛、血压改变、意识损害及昏迷。心电图和脑电图也可能发生改变。 治疗:采取措施监护重要器官的功能。必要时给予安定。 例10 Manifestations of Halcion overdosage include extensions of its pharmacological activity, namely somnolence and hypnosis. As in all cases of drug overdosage, respiration, pulse, and blood pressure should be monitored and supported by general measures when necessary. Immediate gastric lavage should be performed. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained. 好尔睡服用过量的表现是其药理活性的扩展,即嗜睡和催眠。像处理所有药物过量的病例一样,必须对呼吸、脉搏和血压进行监测,必要时采用通用措施,应立即洗胃、静脉输液,并保持呼吸道畅通。 5. Interactions或drug Interactions(相互作用,或药物的交互作用):本项内容主要是介绍药物合用时的注意事项。 例11 Temaril tablets should not be administered with 4 hours of medications containing mgnesium,aluminium or iron salts as interference with absorption may occur. 在使用了含镁、铝或铁盐的药物之后的4小时内不应使用环丙沙星片剂,因为可能影响吸收。 例12 Simultaneous consumption of alcohol can impair reaction time. e.g. in traffic or during operation of machines. At higher dosage of Elantan 20 wlth simultaneous administration of blood-pressure-lowering medicaments the effect of the latter can be potentiated. 同时饮酒可能损害反应时间,例如驾驶车辆或操纵机器期间。大量服用单硝酸异山梨醇的同时服用降血压药物,可能会增强后者的药效。 例13 Dormicum can enhance the central sedative effect of neuroleptics, tranquitizers, antidepressants, sleep-inducing drugs, analgesics and anesthetics. 速眠安能增强神经抑制剂、安定剂、抗抑郁剂、催眠、镇静剂和麻醉剂的中枢神经镇静作用。 例14 Concomitant treatment with other vasodilators, calcium antagonists, betablockers, diuretics, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, major tranquilizers, and dihydroergotamine, as well as the consumption of alcohol, may potentiate the blood pressure lowering effect of Nitroderm TTS. 与其他药物,例如:血管扩张药、钙桔抗剂、B-受体阻断剂、利尿剂、抗高血压药、三环抗抑郁药、 强镇静剂及二氢麦角胺合用,以及饮酒等,可加强硝酸甘油护心贴膏的降血压作用。 6.Validity(有效期):药品的有效期或失效期有以下几种表示方法: validity 有效期 storage life 贮存期 Expiry(Exp.) date 失效(日)期 Shelf life 贮存期(贮藏期限) Expiring 失效期 Stability 稳定性 Expiration date 失效(日)期 例15 Expiry: 18 months (Expiry date is printed on the vial label.) 有效期:18个月(失效日期印在瓶签上)。 例16 Validity and storage: The solution will keep for five years if stored at a temperature below +20℃ 有效期及贮存法:于20℃以下可保存5年。 例17 Stability: Cefoperazone is stable at least 24 hours in aqueous solutions, stored at temperature which ranges from 5 to 25℃.The powder form is really effective till the expiry date indicated on packings. 稳定性:头孢哌酮存于5~25℃温度下的稳定性至少可达24小时。木品粉剂的药效实际上可保持到包装上规定的失效日期。 例18 Stability: See expiry date on the outside of the pack. 稳定性;见外包装上的失效日期 例19 Shelf-life: The drug should not be used after the expiry date(=Exp) printed on pack. 木品超过包装上印刷的有效期后不得使用, 7. 其他可能出现的项目: 1) References 参考文献 Literature 参考文献 2) Clinical dtaa 临床数据 3) Formula(Formulation) 分子式 4) Recommendations 建议 5) Remark(s) 注意 Attention 注意 6) Tolerance 耐受性 7) Intormation for the patients 患者须知 8) Further information 补充资料 9) Batch No 批号 10)Made in 由……制造 Produced by 由…生产 Manufactured(Manfd)by 由…制造 11)Pharmaceuticala Precautions 药品的注意事项 还可能有其他项目.这里不再列举。 以上是英文药品说明书中的主要项目的英文标题,不同的表示方法,结构特点,常用词,短语及句型等。掌握这些内容有助于了解英文说明书的脉络,但要完全理解说明书的全部内容还需要经过一番努力。 医学病症词 Abadie's Sign <Chinese>阿巴迪征(跟腱受压无感觉,见于脊髓痨) Abaptiston <Chinese>安全开颅圆锯 abarognosis <Chinese>压觉缺失 abasia astasia <Chinese>立行不能 abasia <Chinese>步行不能 abdominal reflex <Chinese>腹壁反射 abduction <Chinese>外展 abiotrophy <Chinese>生活力缺失 ablepsia <Chinese>视觉缺失 ablute <Chinese>切除 abnormal <Chinese>异常 abnormity <Chinese>畸形 abrupt <Chinese>意外 absolute hemianopia <Chinese>完全偏盲 abstinent <Chinese>戒断症状 abstraction <Chinese>抽象 acalculia <Chinese>失算 acataleptic <Chinese>智能缺陷 acatamathesia <Chinese>理解不能 acataphasia <Chinese>连贯表达不能 acatastasia <Chinese>反常 acathexis <Chinese>心力贯注不能 acathisia <Chinese>静坐不能 accessory cramp <Chinese>痉挛性斜颈 accommodation reflex <Chinese>调节反射 accommodation <Chinese>适应 aceburtolol <Chinese>醋丁洛尔 acedia <Chinese>淡漠性忧郁症 acenesthsia <Chinese>存在觉缺失 acenocoumarol <Chinese>新抗凝 acephalia <Chinese>无头畸形 acervulus <Chinese>松果体石 acetazolamide <Chinese>乙酰唑胺 acetohrdroxamic acid <Chinese>乙酰氧肟酸 acetophenazine<Chinese>乙酰非那嗪 acetylcholinergic pathway <Chinese>乙酰胆碱能通路 acetylcholinesterase <Chinese>乙酰胆碱脂酶 acetylcholine <Chinese>乙酰胆碱 acetylglutamide <Chinese>乙酰谷氨酰胺 acetylsalicylic acid <Chinese>乙酰水杨酸 acetyl-spiramycin <Chinese>乙酰螺旋霉素 Achilles jerk <Chinese>踝反射 Achilles tendon reflex <Chinese>踝反射 acinesia <Chinese>运动不能 aconative <Chinese>意向缺失 acorea <Chinese>无瞳孔 acouesthesia <Chinese>听觉 acousmatamnesia <Chinese>听觉性健忘 acousma <Chinese>幼听 acoustic neuroma <Chinese>听神经瘤 acoustic pathway <Chinese>听觉传导路 acoustic stria <Chinese>听纹 acouticolateral area <Chinese>听侧线区 acroagnosis <Chinese>肢体感觉缺失 acroanesthesia <Chinese>肢端麻木 acrobrachycephaly <Chinese>扁头 acrocephalosyndactyly <Chinese>尖头并指 acrocephaly <Chinese>尖头 acrocinesis <Chinese>运动过多 acrodynia <Chinese>肢体疼痛症 acrognosis <Chinese>肢体感 acrokinesia <Chinese>感觉过敏 acrokinesis <Chinese>运动过多 acromegaly <Chinese>肢体肥大症 acroneurosis <Chinese>肢体神经官能症 acroparalysia <Chinese>肢麻痹 acroparesthesia <Chinese>肢体感觉异常 acrosclerosis <Chinese>肢体硬化症 acrotrophoneurosis <Chinese>四肢营养神经病 actinine <Chinese>辅肌动蛋白 actinomycosis of brain <Chinese>脑放线菌病 actinoneuritis <Chinese>放射性神经炎 actin <Chinese>肌动蛋白 action tremor <Chinese>动作性震颤 active negativism <Chinese>主动违拗症 actomyosin <Chinese>肌动球蛋白 acuity <Chinese>敏度 acute alcohol intoxication <Chinese>急性酒精中毒 acute brain syndrome <Chinese>急性脑综合征 acute poliomyelites <Chinese>急性脊髓前角灰质炎 acute spontaenous myelites <Chinese>急性非特异脊髓炎 acute suppurative myelites <Chinese>急性化脓性脊髓炎 acyclovir <Chinese>无环鸟苷 acystinervia <Chinese>膀胱神经无力 Adamkiewicz's demilunes <Chinese>阿达姆基维支新月形细胞(在有髓神经纤维的神经膜底下) adaptation <Chinese>适应 adduction <Chinese>内收 adenoma of pituitary gland <Chinese>脑下垂体腺瘤 adenovirus <Chinese>腺病毒 adiphenine <Chinese>解痉素 adiposis cerebralis <Chinese>脑性肥胖症 adiposis dolorosa <Chinese>痛性肥胖症 adrenergic <Chinese>肾上腺素能 adreno leukodystrophy <Chinese>脑白质营养不良 aerasthenia <Chinese>飞行员精神衰弱 aetiology <Chinese>病因学 affektepilepsie <Chinese>情感性痉挛 affensplate <Chinese>月状沟(大脑枕叶) afferent <Chinese>传入 African meningitis <Chinese>非洲脑膜炎(昏睡病) aganglionosis <Chinese>神经节细胞缺乏症 ageing of nervous tissue <Chinese>神经组织老化 agenesis of corpus callosum <Chinese>胼胝体发育不良 agitation <Chinese>焦虑 agnosia <Chinese>失认 agraphia <Chinese>失写 agyria <Chinese>无脑回 akathisia <Chinese>静坐不能 akinesia <Chinese>运动不能 akinetic seizures <Chinese>运动不能发作 akinetic-rigid syndrome <Chinese>运动不能-强直综合征 Akureyri disease <Chinese>良性肌痛性脑脊髓炎 alar plate <Chinese>翼板 albendazole <Chinese>阿苯达唑 alcoholic coma <Chinese>酒精中毒性昏迷 aldosterone <Chinese>醛固酮 alertness <Chinese>警觉 alexia <Chinese>失读 alleviated<Chinese> 缓和 allopurinol <Chinese>别嘌呤醇 allucination <Chinese>幻觉 almufibrate <Chinese>氯贝丁酯铝 alprenollol <Chinese>心得舒 alptazolam <Chinese>阿普唑仑 alternating hemiplegia <Chinese>交替性偏瘫 altitudinal hemianopia <Chinese>上下性偏盲 aluminium nicotinate <Chinese>烟酸铝 Alzheimer's disease <Chinese>阿尔塞梅茨病 amantadine <Chinese>金刚烷胺 amaurotic idiocy <Chinese>黑朦性白痴 amaurotic <Chinese>黑朦 ambient cistern <Chinese>环池 amblyopic <Chinese>弱视 ameboid glia <Chinese>阿米巴样神经胶质细胞 ameliorate <Chinese>改善 amentia <Chinese>神错乱 amiculum of olive <Chinese>橄榄核囊 amikacin <Chinese>丁胺卡那霉素 aminoacidurias <Chinese>氨基酸尿 aminocaproic acid, EACA <Chinese>6-氨基己酸 aminopyridine <Chinese>氨基比林 amitriptyline<Chinese> 阿米替林 amnesic <Chinese>遗忘 amobarbital <Chinese>异戊巴比妥 amoxycillin <Chinese>羟氨苄青霉素 amphetamine <Chinese>苯丙胺 amphetamines <Chinese>安非他命 amplitude <Chinese>幅度 amyotonia congenita <Chinese>先天性肌张力不全症 amyotrophia <Chinese>肌萎缩 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis <Chinese>肌萎缩性侧束硬化症 anaerobic <Chinese>厌氧的 anal reflex <Chinese>肛门反射 analgesia <Chinese>痛觉缺失 anencephaly<Chinese> 无脑 anesthesia dolorosa <Chinese>痛性感觉缺失 anesthesia <Chinese>感觉缺失 aneurysms <Chinese>微动脉瘤 aneuryson <Chinese>动脉瘤 angiography <Chinese>血管造影 angular gyrus <Chinese>角回 anisocoria <Chinese>瞳孔不等大 ankylosing spondylitis <Chinese>关节固定性脊柱炎 anorexic <Chinese>厌食 anosmia <Chinese>嗅觉缺失 anosognosia <Chinese>病觉缺失 anosognosia <Chinese>偏瘫否认 ansamysin <Chinese>襻霉素 anterior amygdaloid <Chinese>前杏仁区 anterior cerebellar incesure <Chinese>小脑前切迹 anterior commissure <Chinese>前连合 anterior corticospinal tract <Chinese>皮质脊髓前束 anterior fontanel <Chinese>前囟 anterior horn of lateral ventricle <Chinese>侧脑室前角 anterior lateral suleus <Chinese>前外侧沟 anterior limb of internal capsule <Chinese>内囊前脚 anterior median fissure <Chinese>前正中裂 anterior medullary velum <Chinese>前髓帆 anterior parolfactory suleus <Chinese>前旁嗅沟 anterior perforated substania <Chinese>前穿质 anterior speech cortex <Chinese>前说话区(Broca氏区) anterior spinocerebellar tract <Chinese>脊髓小脑前束 anterior white commissure <Chinese>白质前连合 anterior <Chinese>前 anterior(ventral) funiculus <Chinese>前索(脊髓) anterior(ventral) horn <Chinese>前角(脊髓) anterior(ventral) root <Chinese>前根 anterograde amnesia <Chinese>顺行性遗忘 anterograde axoplasmic transport <Chinese>顺向轴浆输送 anterograde degeneration <Chinese>顺行变性 anterolateral corticospinal tract<Chinese>前外侧皮质脊髓束 anterolateral <Chinese>前外侧 anterolivary suleus <Chinese>橄榄前沟 antiepilepsirin <Chinese>抗癫灵 anxiety hysteria <Chinese>焦虑性癔病 anxiety tension state <Chinese>焦虑紧张状态 anxiety <Chinese>焦虑症 aone of Obersteiner?Redlich <Chinese>奥贝斯坦纳?热里希氏带 Apert syndrome <Chinese>塔头并指畸形症 aphasia <Chinese>失语 aphingolipid <Chinese>神经鞘脂 apnoea <Chinese>窒息 apoplectic coma <Chinese>中风性昏迷 apraxia <Chinese>失用 aprotinin <Chinese>抑肽酶 arachnoid granulation <Chinese>蛛网膜颗粒 arachnoid villi <Chinese>蛛网膜绒毛 arachnoid <Chinese>蛛网膜 arachnoiditis <Chinese>蛛网膜炎 archeo cerebellum <Chinese>古小脑 arcuocerebellar fibers<Chinese>弓状小脑纤维 area postrema <Chinese>最后区 area temporalis inferior <Chinese>颞下区 area temporalis media <Chinese>颞中区 area temporalis superior <Chinese>颞上区 area temporalis transverse externa <Chinese>颞横外侧区 area temporalis transverse interna <Chinese>颞横内侧区 area <Chinese>区 areflexia <Chinese>反射消失 arfonad <Chinese>咪噻芬 arginine <Chinese>精氨酸 Arnold-Chiari malformation <Chinese>先天性小脑延髓下疝畸形 arteriovenous malformation of brain <Chinese>脑动静脉畸形 arteriovenous malformotion <Chinese>动静脉畸形 arthroneuralgia<Chinese>关节神经痛 articulation <Chinese>连接 ascending reticular activing system <Chinese>网状上行激活系统 ascending reticular inhibiting system <Chinese>网状上行抑制系统 assessment <Chinese>评估 association neuron<Chinese>联络神经元 astereognosia <Chinese>立体觉失认 asterixis <Chinese>扑翼样震颤 asthenia <Chinese>衰弱 asthenic syndrome <Chinese>脑衰弱综合征 asthenocoria <Chinese>瞳孔反应迟钝 astrocytoma <Chinese>星形细胞瘤 astroglia cell <Chinese>星形胶质细胞 asymmetrical synapse <Chinese>不对称型突触 asymmetry <Chinese>不对称 asymptomatic <Chinese>无症状 asynchronism <Chinese>协调障碍 asyndesis <Chinese>言语不能 asynergy <Chinese>协同不能 asystole <Chinese>心脏停搏 atactic<Chinese> 协调不能 atactiform <Chinese>共济失调样 ataxia <Chinese>共济失调 atelocephalous <Chinese>头发育不全 atelocephaly<Chinese>头颅发育不全 atenolol <Chinese>阿替洛尔 athalposis <Chinese>温觉缺失 atheroma <Chinese>粥样斑 atherosclerosis <Chinese>动脉硬化 athetosis <Chinese>手足徐动症 atlanto-axial subluxation <Chinese>寰枢椎半脱位 atonia <Chinese>肌张力缺失 atonic bladder <Chinese>无张力性膀胱 atopognosia <Chinese>位置觉缺失 atremia <Chinese>歇斯底里性步行不能 atretopsia <Chinese>瞳孔闭锁 atypical absences <Chinese>非典型发作 atypical <Chinese>非典型 auditory evoked potential <Chinese>听觉诱发电位 auditory hallucination <Chinese>幻听 auditory radiation <Chinese>听辐射 aural nystagmus <Chinese>耳原性眼球震颤 aural vertigo <Chinese>耳源性眩晕 aura<Chinese>先兆 automatism <Chinese>自动症 autonomic nervous system <Chinese>自主神经系 autonomous bladder <Chinese>自主性膀胱 autonomous neurogenic bladder <Chinese>自主神经原性膀胱 barylalia <Chinese>言语不清 basal plate <Chinese>基板 basiarachnitis <Chinese>颅底蛛网膜炎 basicranial <Chinese>颅底 basilar cistern <Chinese>基底池 basilar fracture <Chinese>颅底骨折 basilar impression <Chinese>颅底凹陷 basilar invagination <Chinese>颅底陷入症 basilar sinus <Chinese>基底窦 basilar suleus <Chinese>基底沟 basinasial <Chinese>颅底鼻根的 basioccipital <Chinese>枕骨底部的 basis pontis <Chinese>基底部(脑桥) basophil <Chinese>嗜碱性细胞 Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome <Chinese>棘状红细胞-β-脂蛋白缺乏症 Bastian-Bruns Sign <Chinese>巴斯欣-布伦斯征(从头部到腰膨大部的脊髓有完全横贯性损害,下肢键反射就消失) bathrocephaly <Chinese>梯头 bathyanesthesia <Chinese>深部感觉缺失 bathyesthesia <Chinese>深部感觉 bathyhyperesthesia <Chinese>深部感觉过敏 bathyhypesthesia <Chinese>深部感觉迟钝 Batten-Mayou disease <Chinese>少年型黑蒙性白痴 Bayle's disease <Chinese>贝尔病(精神错乱者的进行性全身性麻痹) Beale's ganglion cells <Chinese>比尔神经节细胞(双极细胞) Beard's disease <Chinese>神经衰弱 Behcet syndrome <Chinese>白塞综合征 Bekhterev's layer <Chinese>别赫捷列夫层(大脑皮层外粒层的纤维层) Bekhterev's nucleus <Chinese>别赫捷列夫核(前庭神经上核) Bekhterev's reaction <Chinese>别赫捷列夫反应 Bekhterev's reflex <Chinese>别赫捷列夫反射(深层反射;腹下部反射;瞳孔反射;鼻反射) Bekhterev's symptom <Chinese>别赫捷列夫症状(面肌麻痹) Bekhterev's test <Chinese>别赫捷列夫试验(检坐骨神经痛) Bell's law <Chinese>贝尔定律(脊髓神经前根为运动根,后根为感觉根) Bell's mania <Chinese>急性谵妄 Bell's nerve <Chinese>胸长神经 Bell's palsy <Chinese>贝尔麻痹 Bell's phenomenon <Chinese>贝尔现象 bemegride <Chinese>美解眠 benactyzine <Chinese>胃复康 Benedict's syndrome <Chinese>中脑红核综合征 Benedikt's syndrome <Chinese>本尼迪克特综合征(一侧动眼神经麻痹,对侧运动过度, benign congenital hypotonia <Chinese>良性先天性肌张力减低 benign essential tremor <Chinese>良性特发性震颤 benign intracranial hypertension <Chinese>良性颅高压 benign myalgic encephalomyelitis <Chinese>良性肌痛性脑脊髓炎 benign paroxysmal vertigo <Chinese>良性发作性眩晕 benign positional vertigo <Chinese>良性位置性眩晕 benserazide <Chinese>苄丝肼 benspryzine <Chinese>苯纳哌嗪 benumb<Chinese> 使瘫痪 benzathine <Chinese>苄星青霉素 benzhexol hydrochloride <Chinese>盐酸苯海索 benzhexol <Chinese>苯海索(安坦) benztropine <Chinese>苯甲托品 benzylpencilline <Chinese>苯唑青霉素 Berger's paresthesia <Chinese>贝格尔感觉异常(青少年的一侧或两侧下肢感觉异常,无力,但无他觉症状) Berger's sign <Chinese>贝格尔征(不规则或椭圆性瞳孔,见于早期脊髓痨,麻痹性痴呆) Bergeron's chorea<Chinese>贝尔热隆病(电击样舞蹈病,激烈而有规律的痉挛,但为良性病程) Bergmann's cells <Chinese>贝格曼细胞(小脑皮层分子层内的特殊神经胶质细胞) Bergmann's cords <Chinese>第四脑室髓纹,听髓纹 Bergmann's fibers <Chinese>贝格曼纤维(从小脑皮层分子层放射并进入软脑膜的突) Beri-beri(thiamine deficiency) <Chinese>硫胺(VitB1)缺乏症 Bernhard's disease <Chinese>感觉异常性股痛 Bernheimer's fibers <Chinese>伯恩海默纤维(自视神经束至柳氏体的一种脑神经纤维束) betahistine <Chinese>培他啶 bethanechal <Chinese> (-甲基氨甲酰胆碱 Betz's cells <Chinese>贝茨细胞 Bezold's abscess <Chinese>颞骨骨膜下脓肿 Bezold's perforation <Chinese>颞骨乳突内面穿孔 Bezold's sign <Chinese>贝措尔德征(乳突炎) Bezold's triad <Chinese>贝措尔德三征(耳硬化) Bianchi's syndrome <Chinese>比昂基综合征(一种感觉性失语症性综合征,伴失用症及失读症) Bichat's canal <Chinese>大脑大静脉 Bichat's fissure <Chinese>大脑横裂 Bichat's foramen <Chinese>蛛网膜孔 Bielschowsky disease <Chinese>幼儿型家族性黑蒙性白痴 Bielschowsky's method <Chinese>比尔肖夫斯基法(论证神经轴突及网状纤维的氨银染法) Bielschowsky's-Jansky disease <Chinese>晚期婴儿型家族性黑蒙性痴呆 Biernacki's sign <Chinese>别尔纳茨基征(脊髓痨及麻痹性痴呆时的尺神经瘫痪) bilateral hemianopia <Chinese>双侧偏盲 bilateral <Chinese>双侧 Billroth's disease<Chinese>比罗特征(假性脑(脊)膜突出) binocular hemianopia <Chinese>双眼偏盲 binocular microscope <Chinese>双目显微镜 Binswanger disease<Chinese> 宾斯万格病(皮质下脑病) biopsy <Chinese>活检 Biot's respiration <Chinese>比奥呼吸(间歇性呼吸暂停,见于颅内压增高) bipolar neuron <Chinese>双极神经元 bitamporal <Chinese>颞侧 bitemporal hemianopia <Chinese>颞侧偏盲 bithionol <Chinese>硫双二氯酚 black-out syndrome <Chinese>黑蒙综合征 blackouts <Chinese>黑朦 bladder <Chinese>膀胱 blastoneuropore <Chinese>胚神经孔 blepharoptosis <Chinese>睑下垂 blepharospasm <Chinese>睑痉挛 blink reflex <Chinese>瞬目反射 blink <Chinese>眨眼 blood-brain barrier <Chinese>血脑屏障 blood-CSF barrier <Chinese>血脑脊液屏障 blood-nervus barrier <Chinese>血神经屏障 Blumenau's nucleus <Chinese>布路门奥核(楔核外侧核) Blumenbach's clivus <Chinese>布卢门巴赫斜坡(与枕骨底突相连的蝶骨斜坡) Blumenbach's process <Chinese>筛骨钩突 blurring <Chinese>模糊 body of lateral ventricle <Chinese>侧脑室体部 body, corpus, complex <Chinese>体 Bonnier's syndrome <Chinese>邦尼埃综合征(前庭神经外侧核或前庭束损害) Bornholm disease <Chinese>流行性肌痛 Bourneville's disease <Chinese>结节硬化症 boutons en passant <Chinese>旁结 boutons terminaus <Chinese>终结 bouts <Chinese>发作 bowel <Chinese>直肠 boxing encephalopathy <Chinese>拳击员脑炎 brachcephaly <Chinese>短头 brachial plexus <Chinese>臂丛 brachium conjunctivum <Chinese>结合臂 brachium pontis <Chinese>脑桥臂 brachium <Chinese>臂 brachycranic <Chinese>短颅的(颅指数为81.0至84.9) bradycardia <Chinese>心动过缓 bradykinesia <Chinese>运动迟缓 bradylalia <Chinese>言语迟缓 bradylexia <Chinese>阅读过慢 bradylogia <Chinese>言语过慢 bradyphemia <Chinese>言语过慢 bradyphrasia <Chinese>迟语症 bradyphrenia <Chinese>智力迟钝(流行性乙型脑炎) bradypragia <Chinese>动作过慢 brain, encephalon<Chinese> 脑 Brain's reflex <Chinese>布雷恩反射(当病人采取四足位置时,偏瘫性屈曲上臂伸直) brainstem <Chinese>脑干 briskly <Chinese>活跃 Brissaud's syndrome <Chinese>交叉性面痉挛偏瘫综合征 Broca's area <Chinese>布若卡氏区 Brodmann's areas <Chinese>布劳德曼区(大脑皮层细胞结构分区) bromazepam <Chinese>溴基安定 bromazolam <Chinese>宁神定 bromocriptine <Chinese>溴隐亭 Brown-Sequard syndorme <Chinese>脊髓半切综合征 Brudzinski sign <Chinese>布鲁金斯基征 Bruns' syndrome <Chinese>布伦斯综合征(第四脑室包囊虫眩晕综合征) Budge's center <Chinese>布吉氏中枢 Buerger disease <Chinese>闭塞性血栓性脉管炎 bufetolol <Chinese>丁呋心安 Buiswangen disease <Chinese>缺血性白质脑病 bulbar paralysis <Chinese>球麻痹 Burdach's columns <Chinese>布尔达赫柱(脊髓楔束) Burdach's fasciculus <Chinese>布尔达赫束(大脑上纵束) Burdach's fibers <Chinese>布尔达赫纤维 Burdach's fissure <Chinese>布尔达赫裂(脑岛外侧面和岛盖内面间裂) Burdach's nucleus <Chinese>布尔达赫核(楔束核) buspirone <Chinese>丁螺环酮 cabernous sinus <Chinese>海绵窦 cacesthesia <Chinese>感觉异常 cachinntion <Chinese>癔病狂笑 cafe au lait spots <Chinese>咖啡牛乳色斑 caffeine <Chinese>咖啡因 Caffey disease <Chinese>婴儿骨皮质增生症 Cajal's cells <Chinese>卡哈尔细胞(星形胶质细胞) Cajal's double method <Chinese>卡哈尔双重染色法(显示神经节细胞) Cajal's method <Chinese>卡哈尔染色法(显示星形胶质细胞) calan <Chinese>卡兰 calcar avis <Chinese>禽距 calcarine fissure <Chinese>距状裂 calcified <Chinese>钙化 Calleja's islets <Chinese>卡耶哈岛(海马回嗅觉小岛) callosal suleus <Chinese>胼胝体沟 callosum<Chinese> 胼胝体 caloric nystagmus <Chinese>温热性眼球震颤 caloric test<Chinese>冷热试验 Canavan disease <Chinese>海绵状脑白质营养不良症candida <Chinese>念珠菌 canine hysteria <Chinese>犬惊病 canine spasm <Chinese>痉笑 caprylhydroxamic acid <Chinese>辛酰氧肟酸capsule <Chinese>囊 carbamazepine <Chinese>卡马西平 carbechal <Chinese>氨甲酰胆碱 carbenicillin <Chinese>羧苄青霉素 carbidopa <Chinese>卡比多巴 cardiac plexus <Chinese>心丛 cardio-accelerating center<Chinese>心加速中枢 cardio-encephalopathy <Chinese>心性脑病 cardio-inhibitor center <Chinese>心抑制中枢 cardioneurosis <Chinese>神经性循环衰弱 cardioplegia <Chinese>心麻痹 carotid angiograpathy <Chinese>颈动脉血管造影 carotid bifuracation <Chinese>颈动脉分叉 carotid compression <Chinese>压颈动脉试验 carotid sinus reflex <Chinese>颈动脉窦反射 carotid sinus syncope <Chinese>颈动脉窦性晕厥 carpal tunnel syndrome <Chinese>腕管综合征 carteolol <Chinese>喹酮心安 cartid-cavernous fistula <Chinese>颈动脉海绵窦瘘 caseating <Chinese>干酪样 cataplexy <Chinese>猝倒 catatonia <Chinese>紧张症 catatonic pupil <Chinese>紧张性瞳孔 catecholamine <Chinese>儿茶酚胺 categories <Chinese>类型 cauda equins <Chinese>马尾(脊髓) causalgia <Chinese>灼性神经痛 cavernous sinus <Chinese>海绵窦综合征 cefadroxil <Chinese>头孢拉定 cefaloridine <Chinese>头孢噻啶 cefathiamidine <Chinese>头孢硫脒 celiac plexus <Chinese>腹腔丛 cellulitis <Chinese>蜂窝织炎 cenral spinal cord dyndrome <Chinese>脊髓中央综合征 center <Chinese>中枢 centers of autonomic nerve<Chinese>自主神经中枢 central canal <Chinese>中央管 central core disease <Chinese>中央轴突症 central excitatory state <Chinese>中枢兴奋状态 central gray substance <Chinese>中央灰质 central pain <Chinese>中枢性疼痛 central sulcus <Chinese>中央沟 central suleus of insula <Chinese>岛中央沟 central tegmental tract <Chinese>被盖中央束 centraphose <Chinese>中枢性暗觉 centrifuged deposit <Chinese>离心后沉淀 centrokinesia <Chinese>中枢性运动 cephalgia <Chinese>头痛 cephalic flexure <Chinese>头曲 cephalin <Chinese>脑磷脂 cephalitis <Chinese>脑炎 cephalocele <Chinese>脑膨出 cephalocentesis <Chinese>头颅穿刺术 cephalochord <Chinese>头索 cephalodynia <Chinese>头痛 cephaloplegia <Chinese>头面肌瘫痪 cephalothin sodium <Chinese>头孢噻吩钠 cephaoexin <Chinese>头孢氨苄 cephazolin sodium <Chinese>头孢唑啉钠 ceptriaxone <Chinese>头孢噻肟二嗪 ceramidase <Chinese>神经鞘氨醇酶 ceramide glucoside <Chinese>葡糖脑苷脂 ceramide trihexoside <Chinese>神经鞘氨醇己三糖苷 ceramide <Chinese>神经鞘氨醇 cerebellar ataxia <Chinese>小脑共济失调 cerebellar atrophy <Chinese>小脑萎缩 cerebellar corpus <Chinese>小脑体cerebellar cortex <Chinese>小脑皮质 cerebellar ectopia <Chinese>小脑外疝 cerebellar hemisphere syndrome <Chinese>小脑半球综合征 cerebellar hemisphere <Chinese>小脑半球 cerebellar plate <Chinese>小脑板 cerebellar pressure cone <Chinese>小脑压迫圆锥 cerebellar tonsillar herniation <Chinese>小脑扁桃体疝 cerebellitis <Chinese>小脑炎 cerebello- olivary fibers<Chinese>小脑橄榄纤维 cerebellomedullary cistern <Chinese>小脑延髓池 cerebellopontine angle <Chinese>小脑桥脑角 cerebelloreticular fibers <Chinese>小脑网状纤维 cerebellorubral fibers <Chinese>小脑红核纤维 cerebellovestibular fibers <Chinese>小脑前庭纤维 cerebellum <Chinese>小脑 cerebral abscess <Chinese>脑脓肿 cerebral agenesis <Chinese>大脑发育不全 cerebral angiograpathy <Chinese>脑血管造影 cerebral atrophy <Chinese>大脑萎缩 cerebral commissure <Chinese>大脑连合 cerebral contusion <Chinese>脑挫伤 cerebral cortex <Chinese>大脑皮质 cerebral cysticercosis <Chinese>脑囊虫病 cerebral diaplegia <Chinese>脑性双侧瘫痪 cerebral dysgenesis <Chinese>脑发育障碍 cerebral edema <Chinese>脑水肿 cerebral embolism <Chinese>脑栓塞 cerebral haemorrhage <Chinese>脑出血 cerebral hemisphere <Chinese>大脑半球 cerebral infarction <Chinese>脑梗死 cerebral ischemia <Chinese>脑缺血 cerebral lipidosis <Chinese>脑脂质增多症 cerebral malacia <Chinese>脑软化 cerebral paragonimiasis <Chinese>脑型肺吸虫病 cerebral peduncle <Chinese>大脑脚 cerebral plasy <Chinese>脑性瘫痪 cerebral schistosomiasis <Chinese>脑型血吸虫病 cerebral sclerosis <Chinese>脑硬化症 cerebral spasm <Chinese>大脑性痉挛 cerebral thrombosis <Chinese>脑血栓形成 cerebral-arteriosclerotic dementia <Chinese>脑动脉硬化性痴呆 cerebriform <Chinese>脑形的 cerebritis <Chinese>脑炎 cerebrocuprein <Chinese>脑铜蛋白 cerebrogalactose <Chinese>脑半乳糖 cerebrogalactoside <Chinese>脑半乳糖苷脂 cerebrohyphoid <Chinese>脑组织样的 cerebroid <Chinese>脑形的 cerebrolysin <Chinese>脑活素 cerebroma <Chinese>脑瘤 cerebromacular degeneration <Chinese>大脑黄斑变性症 cerebromalacia <Chinese>脑软化 cerebromeningitis <Chinese>脑膜脑炎 cerebron <Chinese>羟脑苷脂 cerebropathy <Chinese>脑病 cerebrosclerosis <Chinese>脑硬化 cerebrose <Chinese>脑半乳糖 cerebroside <Chinese>脑苷脂类 cerebrosidosis <Chinese>脑苷脂沉积病 cerebrosis <Chinese>脑病 cerebrospinal fluid <Chinese>脑脊液cerebrospinal leak <Chinese>脑脊液漏 cerebrospinal rhinorrhea <Chinese>脑脊液鼻漏 cerebrospinase <Chinese>脑脊液氧化酶 cerebrovascular accident <Chinese>脑血管意外 cerebrum <Chinese>大脑 ceroid <Chinese>蜡样质 ceruloplasmin <Chinese>血浆铜蓝蛋白 cervical ansa <Chinese>颈袢 cervical enlargement <Chinese>颈膨大(脊髓) cervical flexure <Chinese>颈曲 cervical plexus <Chinese>颈丛cervical rib syndrome <Chinese>颈肋综合征 cervical rigidity <Chinese>颈强直 cervical spondylosis <Chinese>颈关节强直 cervical vertigo <Chinese>颈性眩晕 cervical <Chinese>颈的 Cestan-Chenais syndrome <Chinese>副-舌下神经麻痹综合征 Chaddoch sign <Chinese>查多克征 Chamberlain's line <Chinese>硬腭枕大孔(张伯伦)线 Charcot's foot <Chinese>夏科氏足(脊髓痨性关节病患者的畸形足) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease <Chinese>腓骨肌萎缩征 Chassalgnac's tubercle <Chinese>夏桑亚克结节(第六颈椎横突的颈动脉结节) chemical synapse <Chinese>化学突触 Cheyne-Stokes nystagmus <Chinese>节律性眼球震颤 chiasmatic cistern <Chinese>交叉池 childhood dystrophy <Chinese>儿童营养不良 chitoneure <Chinese>神经膜鞘 chlomezanone <Chinese>芬那露 chloral hydrate <Chinese>水合氯醛 chloramphenicol <Chinese>氯霉素 chlorazepate <Chinese>二钾氯氮卓 chloridiazepoxide <Chinese>利眠宁 chlorimipramine <Chinese>氯丙咪嗪 chlormezanone <Chinese>氯苯甲酮 chloroquine <Chinese>氯喹 chlorpromazine <Chinese>氯丙嗪 chlorprothixene <Chinese>泰尔登 chlorthialidone <Chinese>氯噻酮 chocking <Chinese>窒息 cholesteatom <Chinese>胆脂瘤 cholestipol <Chinese>降胆宁 cholestyramine <Chinese>消胆胺考来烯胺 cholinergic <Chinese>胆碱能 cholinesterase <Chinese>胆碱脂酶 cholinolytic <Chinese>抗胆碱 cholinomimetic <Chinese>类胆碱 chondroitine <Chinese>硫酸软骨素 chorda tympani <Chinese>鼓索支 chordiazepoxide <Chinese>氯氮平 chordoma <Chinese>脊索瘤 chorea <Chinese>舞蹈病 choreiform <Chinese>舞蹈病样的 choreoathetosis <Chinese>舞蹈手足徐动症 choroid epithelium <Chinese>脉络丛上皮 choroid fissure <Chinese>脉络裂 choroid plexus of fourth ventricle <Chinese>第四脑室脉络丛 choroid plexus of lateral ventricle <Chinese>侧脑室脉络丛 choroid plexus of third ventricle <Chinese>第三脑室脉络丛 choroid plexus <Chinese>脉络丛 choroid <Chinese>脉络膜 chromidial substance <Chinese>嗜染质 chromphil substance <Chinese>染色质 chronic progressive inflammatory polyneuropathy <Chinese>慢性进行性炎症性多发性神经病 chronotaraxia <Chinese>定时不能 Chyne-Stokes respiration <Chinese>潮式呼吸 ciliary medullary center <Chinese>延髓睫状体中枢 ciliospinal center <Chinese>睫脊中枢 cillary neuragia <Chinese>睫状神经痛 cimetidine <Chinese>西米替丁(甲氰咪呱) cinerea <Chinese>灰质 cingulate gyrus <Chinese>扣带回 cingulate suleus <Chinese>扣带沟 cingulectomy<Chinese> 扣带回切除术 cingulumotomy <Chinese>扣带回切开术 cinnarizine <Chinese>脑益嗪 (肉桂苯哌嗪) circle of Willis <Chinese>脑底动脉环 circumventricular organ <Chinese>室周器 cis-platinum <Chinese>顺铂 cistern <Chinese>池 cisternal puncture <Chinese>小脑延髓池穿刺 Clarke's cells <Chinese>克拉克细胞(脊髓背核色素细胞) clasmatodendrosis <Chinese>星形胶质细胞突破折 clasp knife phenomenon <Chinese>折刀现象 clasp-knife <Chinese>折刀样 Claude's hyperkinesis sign <Chinese>克洛德运动增强征(疼痛刺激时瘫痪肌肉的反射性动作) Claude's syndrome <Chinese>克洛德综合征(一侧动眼神经瘫痪,对侧协同不能,讷吃) claw-hand <Chinese>爪形手 clindamycin <Chinese>克林霉素 clomipramine <Chinese>氯丙咪嗪 clonazepam <Chinese>氯硝安定 clonic seizure <Chinese>阵挛发作 clonic spasm <Chinese>阵挛性痉挛 clonidine <Chinese>氯压定 clonus <Chinese>阵挛 cloxacillin <Chinese>邻氯青霉素 coccidioidomycosis of brain <Chinese>脑隐球菌病 coccygeal <Chinese>尾的 cochlear duct <Chinese>蜗管 cochlear <Chinese>迷路 cochleostapedial reflex <Chinese>镫骨肌反射 coenzyme A <Chinese>辅酶-A coffin formation <Chinese>柩状形成(神经细胞被吞噬) cogwheel rigidity <Chinese>齿轮样强直 Cohnheim's areas <Chinese>孔海姆区(肌原纤维的多边形暗区) coiling reflex <Chinese>蟠曲反射 collateral eminence <Chinese>侧副隆起 collateral suleus <Chinese>侧副沟 collateral trigone <Chinese>侧副三角 Collet-Sicard syndrome <Chinese>颅底综合征 colliculocochleunuclear projection <Chinese>下丘蜗核投射 colliculo-olivary projection <Chinese>下丘上橄榄投射 colliculus <Chinese>丘 coma <Chinese>昏迷 comatose <Chinese>昏迷 commissure of inferior colliculus <Chinese>下丘连合 commissure <Chinese>连合 communicating hydrocephalus<Chinese>交通性脑积水 compensate<Chinese>代偿 compound microscope <Chinese>复式显微镜 compression of the brain <Chinese>脑受压 compression <Chinese>压迫 concha of cranium <Chinese>颅盖 concussion of brain <Chinese>脑震荡 concussion of spinal cord <Chinese>脊髓震荡 concussional <Chinese>震荡 Cone test <Chinese>脑脊液动力检查 confluence of sinus<Chinese> 窦汇 congenital myopathy <Chinese>先天性肌病 congenital <Chinese>先天性 congruous hemianopia <Chinese>同侧偏盲 conjugate <Chinese>共轭 conjunctival reflex <Chinese>结膜反射 consciousness <Chinese>意识 consensual reflex <Chinese>间接光反射 consensual <Chinese>间接 constipation <Chinese>便秘 constitutional <Chinese>原发性 contraiadicate <Chinese>禁忌 contralateral <Chinese>对侧 contrecoup injury <Chinese>对冲性损害 contusion of spinal cord <Chinese>脊髓挫伤 contusion <Chinese>挫伤 conus medullaris <Chinese>圆锥(脊髓) convalescent <Chinese>恢复 convergence defect <Chinese>会聚障碍 convergence spasm <Chinese>会聚痉挛 conversion hysteria <Chinese>转换性癔病 convuision <Chinese>惊厥 coordination <Chinese>协调 coprolalia <Chinese>秽语症 cornea <Chinese>角膜 corneal reflex <Chinese>角膜反射 cornucopia <Chinese>外侧隐窝(第四脑室) corona radiation <Chinese>辐射冠 coronal <Chinese>冠状的 corpus callosum <Chinese>胼胝体 corpus Luysi <Chinese>路易斯氏体 corpus quadrigemina <Chinese>四叠体 corpus straitum <Chinese>纹状体 corssed hemianopia <Chinese>异侧偏盲 cortex <Chinese>皮质 Corti's arch <Chinese>蜗螺旋神经节 corticectomy <Chinese>脑皮层切除术 cortico- olivary fibers <Chinese>皮质橄榄纤维 corticobulbar tract <Chinese>皮质脑干束 corticocerebral <Chinese>大脑皮层的 corticocollicular projection <Chinese>皮质下丘投射 corticonuclear tract <Chinese>皮质核束 corticopontine tract <Chinese>皮质脑桥束 corticoreticular fibers <Chinese>皮质网状纤维 corticostriatal fibers <Chinese>皮质纹状体纤维 cortico-striato-spinal degeneration <Chinese>皮质-纹状体-脊髓变性 corticothalamic fibers <Chinese>皮质丘脑纤维 cortitectal fibers <Chinese>皮质顶盖纤维 cortival venous thrombophlebitis <Chinese>皮质静脉血栓性静脉炎 cough syncope <Chinese>咳嗽晕厥 coxsackie virus <Chinese>柯萨奇病毒 cramp <Chinese>痛性痉挛 cranial fontanel <Chinese>颅囟 cranial neuralgia <Chinese>脑神经痛 cranical meningocele <Chinese>脑膜膨出 craniectomy <Chinese>颅骨切除术 craniocele <Chinese>脑膨出 craniopharyngioma <Chinese>颅咽管瘤 craniopuncture <Chinese>颅穿刺术 craniorachischisis <Chinese>颅脊柱裂 cranioschisis <Chinese>颅裂 craniosclerosis <Chinese>颅骨硬化 craniostenosis <Chinese>颅狭小 craniostosis <Chinese>颅缝骨化 craniosynostosis <Chinese>颅骨早期融合 craniosynostosis <Chinese>颅缝早闭 craniotabes <Chinese>颅骨软化 craniotome <Chinese>开颅器 craniotomy <Chinese>颅骨切开术 craniotonoscopy <Chinese>颅叩听诊法 craniotopography <Chinese>颅脑局部解剖学 craniotrympanic <Chinese>颅骨环锯术 creatine kinase <Chinese>肌酸激酶 cremasteric reflex<Chinese> 提睾反射 cretinism <Chinese>呆小病 Creutzfeld-Jacob disease <Chinese>海绵状脑病 cribriform <Chinese>筛板 cricothyroid <Chinese>环甲 crista ampullaris <Chinese>壶腹嵴 crossed paralysis<Chinese> 交叉性瘫痪 cross-legged progression <Chinese>交叉步态 Crouzon syndrome <Chinese>颅骨纤维结构不良综合征 crucifixion attitude <Chinese>十字架姿势(癔症性癫痫) cryptocalcarine gyrus <Chinese>距状隐回 cryptococcal <Chinese>隐球菌的 cryptogenic <Chinese>原因不明 cryptoglioma <Chinese>隐期神经胶质瘤 cryptoneurous <Chinese>隐性神经系统的 CSF-brain barrier <Chinese>脑脊液脑屏障 CSOM: chronic suppurative otitis media <Chinese>慢性化脓性中耳炎 culmen <Chinese>山顶(小脑) cuneatocerebellar fibers <Chinese>楔小脑纤维 cuneocerebellar tract <Chinese>楔小脑束 Cushing disease <Chinese>柯兴病 cutancous <Chinese>皮肤的 cyanosis<Chinese>发绀 cyclandelate <Chinese>环扁桃酯 cyclizine <Chinese>苯甲嗪 cyclobarbital <Chinese>环巴比妥 cyclohexanehexol <Chinese>肌醇 cyclophosphamide <Chinese>环磷酰胺 cycloserine <Chinese>环丝氨酸 cyclosprine <Chinese>环孢菌素 cycrimine <Chinese>环戊丙醇 cylindraxile <Chinese>轴突 cystic medial necrosis <Chinese>囊性中央坏死 cysticercosis <Chinese>囊虫病 cytarabine <Chinese>阿糖胞苷 cytidine diphosphate <Chinese>胞二磷胆碱 cytomegalovirus <Chinese>巨细胞病毒 cytopathy <Chinese>细胞变性 cytoplasmic glia <Chinese>原浆性神经胶质细胞 cytosine <Chinese>胞嘧啶 DaCosta's disease <Chinese>神经性循环衰弱 dancing spasm <Chinese>痉跳病 Dandy-Walker syndrome<Chinese> 第四脑室闭锁综合征 dapsome <Chinese>氨苯砜 dark degeneration <Chinese>暗变性 dark-field microscope <Chinese>暗视野显微镜 Darkshevich's fibers <Chinese>达克谢维奇纤维 Darkshevich'snucleus <Chinese>达克谢维奇核(在中脑水管和第三脑室交界处) Daubenton's angle <Chinese>多邦通角(枕角) Daubenton's line <Chinese>多邦通线(由颅后点至颅底点的线) Daubenton's plane 多<Chinese>邦通平面(通过颅后点及眶下缘的平面) deafferentate <Chinese>传入神经阻滞 decerebrate rigidity <Chinese>去大脑僵直 decerebrate <Chinese>去大脑 declive <Chinese>山坡(小脑) decorticate rigidity<Chinese>去皮层强直 decubitus<Chinese>褥疮 decussation of medial lemniscus <Chinese>内侧丘系交叉 decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle <Chinese>小脑上脚交叉 decussation <Chinese>交叉 deformity <Chinese>畸形 degeneration <Chinese>变性 Dejerine onion skin syndrome <Chinese>代热林洋葱皮样综合征 Dejerine's sign <Chinese>代热林征(腹压加大时神经根炎症状加重) Dejerine's syndrome <Chinese>代热林综合征 Dejerine-Klumpke paralysis <Chinese>下臂丛麻痹 Dejerine-Landouzy dystrophy <Chinese>代热林-兰杜茨营养不良 Dejerine-Roussy syndrome <Chinese>丘脑综合征 Dejerine-Sottas syndrome <Chinese>肥大性间质性多发性神经病 delirium <Chinese>谵妄 delusion <Chinese>妄想 dementia <Chinese>痴呆 demyelinating <Chinese>脱髓鞘 dendritic spine <Chinese>树突棘 dendro-axonic synapse<Chinese> 树-轴突触 dendro-dendrite synapse <Chinese>树-树突触 dendron <Chinese>树突 dendrophagocytosis <Chinese>噬胞突作用 dendro-somatic synapse <Chinese>树-体突触 denervation <Chinese>去神经支配 Denny-Brown neuropathy <Chinese>遗传性感觉神经根神经病 dentata <Chinese>枢椎 dentate gyrus <Chinese>齿状回 dentato rubral atrophy <Chinese>齿状核红核萎缩 deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) <Chinese>脱氧核糖核酸 deprenyl <Chinese>盐酸司立吉林 depressor center <Chinese>减压中枢 Dercum disease <Chinese>痛性肥胖症 derencephalocele <Chinese>颈椎脑突出 dermatomal <Chinese>皮区 dermatomyositis <Chinese>皮肌炎 dermoid cyst <Chinese>皮样囊肿 descending pathway in auditory system <Chinese>听觉系的下行通路 desipramine <Chinese>去甲丙咪嗪 desoxyphenobarbital <Chinese>扑痫酮 deviation <Chinese>偏瘫 Devic disease <Chinese>视神经脊髓炎 dexamethasone <Chinese>地塞米松 dextran-40 <Chinese>低分子右旋糖酐 dextren sulfate <Chinese>糖酐酯 dextroamphetamine <Chinese>右旋苯异丙胺 diabetes insipidus <Chinese>尿崩症 diabetic amyotrophy <Chinese>糖尿病性肌萎缩 diabetic coma <Chinese>糖尿病性昏迷 diabetic neuritis <Chinese>糖尿病性神经炎 diacele <Chinese>第三脑室 diaclast <Chinese>穿颅器 diadochokinesia <Chinese>轮替运动 diagonal bundle <Chinese>斜角带 Diamox <Chinese>乙酰唑胺 diaphragma sellae <Chinese>鞍隔 diastematocrania <Chinese>颅纵裂 diastematomyelia <Chinese>脊髓纵裂 diataxia <Chinese>两侧共济失调 diazaepam <Chinese>安定 diazoxide <Chinese>氯苯甲噻二嗪 dicoumarin <Chinese>双香豆素 diencephalon <Chinese>间脑 diethylstilbestrol <Chinese>乙烯雌酚 difenidol <Chinese>眩晕停 diffuse sclerosis <Chinese>弥漫性硬化 Down syndrome<Chinese> 唐综合征 Dowson encephalitis <Chinese>亚急性包涵体脑炎 doxepine <Chinese>多虑平 doxycycline <Chinese>强力霉素 dramamine <Chinese>茶苯海明 dribbling<Chinese>流涎 drop seizure<Chinese>跌倒发作 drowsy <Chinese>瞌睡 drunken gait <Chinese>酒醉步态 Duchenne muscular dystrophy <Chinese>杜兴氏肌营养不良 Duchenne-Erb paralysis <Chinese>杜-欧麻痹 dura mater <Chinese>硬膜 duxil <Chinese>都可喜 dwarfism <Chinese>侏儒症 dysantigraphia <Chinese>抄写不能 dysaphia <Chinese>触觉障碍 dysaptation <Chinese>眼调节不良 dysarthria <Chinese>构音困难 dysaudia <Chinese>听力障碍 dysautonomia <Chinese>家族性自主神经机能异常 dysbasia <Chinese>步行障碍 dyscalculia <Chinese>计算困难 dyschiasia <Chinese>定位觉障碍 dyschiria<Chinese> 左右感觉障碍 dyschronism <Chinese>定时障碍 dyscoimesis<Chinese>睡眠障碍 dyscoria <Chinese>瞳孔反应异常 dysdiadochokinesia <Chinese>轮替运动障碍 dysequilibrium <Chinese>平衡失调 dysergasia <Chinese>整体反应障碍 dysergia <Chinese>传出性共济失调 dysesthesia <Chinese>感觉障碍 dysgrammatism <Chinese>语法错乱 dysgraphia <Chinese>书写困难 dyskinesias <Chinese>动作障碍 dyslalia <Chinese>言语障碍 dyslexia <Chinese>诵读障碍 dyslexic <Chinese>阅读不能 dysmnesia <Chinese>记忆障碍 dysmyotonia<Chinese> 肌张力障碍 dysopia <Chinese>视觉障碍 dysosmia <Chinese>嗅觉障碍 dysphgia <Chinese>吞咽障碍 dysphonia <Chinese>发音困难 dysphrasia <Chinese>言语困难 dysphrenia <Chinese>精神障碍 dyspnoea <Chinese>呼吸障碍 dysponesis <Chinese>皮层运动区活动障碍 dyspraxia <Chinese>运用障碍 dysrhaphia <Chinese>神经管闭合不全 dysrhaphism <Chinese>脊柱裂 dysrythmia <Chinese>节律障碍 dysstasia <Chinese>起立困难 dyssynergia <Chinese>肌协同失调 dyssynergia <Chinese>协同障碍 dystaxia <Chinese>共济失调 dystects <Chinese>神经管闭合不全 dystonia musculorum deformans <Chinese>变形性肌张力障碍 dystonia <Chinese>肌张力障碍 dystrophia myotonica <Chinese>肌营养不良性肌强直症 dystrophy <Chinese>肌营养不良 Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome<Chinese> 重症肌无力综合征 echinococcus <Chinese>绦虫病 Echo virus <Chinese>埃可病毒 echoencephalogram <Chinese>脑超声图 echylnandrol <Chinese>乙基雌烯醇 Ecker's fissure <Chinese>枕横沟 ectethmoid<Chinese> 筛骨外侧部 ectoglia <Chinese>外神经胶质 ectopia <Chinese>异位 ectorhinal area<Chinese> 嗅外区 Edinger's law <Chinese>埃丁格尔定律 edrophonium <Chinese>腾喜龙 effector in viscers <Chinese>内脏效应器 effector, motor ending <Chinese>效应器 efferent <Chinese>传出 eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA <Chinese>二十碳五烯酸 Eimer's organ <Chinese>埃米尔氏器 Elanolz's bodies <Chinese>埃尔兹霍兹体(有髓神经纤维变性小体) elastase <Chinese>弹性酶 electrical synapse <Chinese>电突触 electroconvulsive therapy<Chinese> 电惊厥疗法 electrocorticography <Chinese>脑皮层电图 electroencephalography <Chinese>脑电图 electroencephaloscope <Chinese>脑电镜electrolyte<Chinese> 电解质 electromyography <Chinese>肌电图 electron microscope <Chinese>电子显微镜electroneurography <Chinese>神经电图 electronystagmography <Chinese>眼震电图 electro-oculogram <Chinese>眼电图electrophoresis <Chinese>电泳 electroplexy <Chinese>电休克 electroretinogram <Chinese>视网膜电图 electrospinogram <Chinese>脊髓电图 elicited <Chinese>引出 emboli <Chinese>栓子 ement <Chinese>充血 emepronine <Chinese>乙基二甲二苯溴丙胺 eminence <Chinese>隆起 empty sella syndrome<Chinese> 空蝶鞍综合征 encephalitis lethargica <Chinese>昏睡性脑炎 encephalitis <Chinese>脑炎 encephalitogenic<Chinese> 致脑炎的 Encephalitozoon rabiei <Chinese>内格里小体(狂犬病包涵体) encephalization <Chinese>脑形成 encephalo-arteriography <Chinese>脑动脉造影术 encephalocele <Chinese>颅腔 encephaloclastic <Chinese>脑损害的 encephalocystocele <Chinese>积水性脑突出 encephalodialysis <Chinese>脑软化 encephalodysplasia <Chinese>脑发育异常 encephalogram <Chinese>脑造影照片 encephalography <Chinese>脑照相术 encephaloid <Chinese>髓样瘤 encephalolith <Chinese>脑石 encephaloma <Chinese>脑瘤 encephalomalacia<Chinese>脑软化 encephalomeningitis <Chinese>脑膜脑炎 encephalomeningocele<Chinese>脑脑膜膨出 encephalomeningopathy <Chinese>脑脑膜病 encephalomere <Chinese>脑节 encephalomyelitis<Chinese> 脑脊髓炎 encephalomyeloneurophy <Chinese>脑脊髓神经病 encephalomyelopathy<Chinese>脑脊髓病 encephalomyeloradiculitis <Chinese>脑脊髓神经根炎 encephalomyeloradiculoneuritis <Chinese>脑脊髓神经根神经炎 encephalomyeloradiculopathy<Chinese> 脑脊髓脊神经根病 encephalomyocarditis <Chinese>脑心肌炎 encephalonarcosis <Chinese>脑病性木僵 encephalopathy <Chinese>脑病 encephalopuncture<Chinese> 脑穿刺术 encephalopyosis <Chinese>脑脓肿 encephaloradiculitis <Chinese>脑脊神经根炎 encephalorrhagia <Chinese>脑出血 encephalosclerosis <Chinese>脑硬化 encephaloscope <Chinese>窥脑镜 encephalosepsis <Chinese>脑坏疽 encephalosis<Chinese> 器质性脑病 encephalothlipsis <Chinese>脑受压 encephalotome <Chinese>脑刀 encephalotomy<Chinese> 脑切开术 encephlometer <Chinese>脑域测定器 encephocele <Chinese>脑膨出 end-bulb neuroma <Chinese>神经断端神经瘤 endocrinological <Chinese>内分泌 endolymph <Chinese>内淋巴 endoneurium <Chinese>神经内膜 endoperineuritis <Chinese>神经束膜内膜炎 end-position nystagmus <Chinese>极端位注视性眼球震颤 Ener's plexus <Chinese>埃克斯内神经丛(接近大脑皮质表面的一层神经纤维) Engelmann's disk <Chinese>恩格尔曼盘(横纹肌盘) enophthalmos <Chinese>眼球内陷 entorhinal area <Chinese>嗅内区 entrapment injury <Chinese>神经挤压伤 enuresis <Chinese>遗尿症 eosinophilic grnuloma <Chinese>嗜酸性肉芽肿 ependyma <Chinese>室管膜 ependymoma <Chinese>室管膜瘤 epicritic <Chinese>精细觉的 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis <Chinese>流行性脑脊膜炎 epidemic neuromyasthenia <Chinese>良性肌痛性脑脊髓炎 epidural abscess <Chinese>硬脑膜外脓肿 epidural hematoma <Chinese>硬脑膜外血肿 epidural space <Chinese>硬膜外腔 epiglottis <Chinese>会厌 epilepsy partialis continua <Chinese>部分性癫痫持续状态 epilepsy stupor <Chinese>癫痫性木僵 epilepsy twilight state<Chinese> 癫痫性朦胧状态epilepsy<Chinese> 癫痫 epileptic state <Chinese>癫痫持续状态 epileptogenic focus <Chinese>癫痫灶 epiloia <Chinese>结节硬化症 epineurium <Chinese>神经外膜 episodes <Chinese>发作 epithalamic suleus <Chinese>上丘脑沟 epithalamus <Chinese>上丘脑 equilateral hemianopia<Chinese>同侧偏盲 equine gait <Chinese>马行步态(腓神经瘫痪) Erb muscular dystrophy <Chinese>欧勃肌营养不良 Erb's paralysis<Chinese> 埃尔布麻痹 Erb's point <Chinese>埃尔布点 Erb's sclerosis <Chinese>原发性脊髓侧索硬化 Erb's sign <Chinese>埃尔布征(强直性痉挛时运动神经的应电性增强) Erb's syndrome <Chinese>埃尔布综合征(重症肌无力全部体征) Erb's syphilitic spastic paraplegia <Chinese>埃尔布梅毒性痉挛性截瘫 Erb-Duchenne paralysis<Chinese> 埃尔布-杜兴麻痹(臂麻痹的上丛型) Erben's phenomenon <Chinese>埃尔本反射(屈颈和躯干过度前倾时脉搏变慢) Erben's phenomenon <Chinese>埃尔本现象(神经衰弱患者在弯腰时出现脉搏暂时变慢) ergotamine <Chinese>麦角胺 erosion<Chinese>侵蚀 erythromelalgia <Chinese>红斑性肢痛病 erythroprosopalgia<Chinese> 红斑性面病 essential myoclonus <Chinese>原发性肌阵挛 estazolam <Chinese>艾司唑仑 esthesioblast <Chinese>成神经节细胞 esthesiodic <Chinese>感觉传导的 esthesioneure <Chinese>感觉神经元 esthesioneuroblastema <Chinese>成感觉神经细胞瘤 etat lacunaire <Chinese>腔隙状态 etat marbre <Chinese>大理石状态 ethambutol <Chinese>乙胺丁醇 ethionamide <Chinese>乙硫异烟胺 ethopropazine <Chinese>普粑嗪(治震颤麻痹) ethosuximide <Chinese>乙琥胺 ethotoin <Chinese>乙妥因 etomilate <Chinese>甲苄咪脂 eukinesia <Chinese>运动正常 eukoencephalopathy<Chinese> 白质脑病 Eulenberg disease <Chinese>先天副肌强直 euphoric <Chinese>欣快 evoked potential <Chinese>诱发电位 exacerbated <Chinese>恶化 excitation membrane <Chinese>兴奋膜 expiratory center <Chinese>呼气中枢 expressive aphasia <Chinese>表达性失语 extending <Chinese>伸直 extension injury <Chinese>伸展损伤 extensor <Chinese>伸肌 exterme capsule <Chinese>最外囊 external band of Baillarger <Chinese>拜劳格氏外带 external capsule <Chinese>外囊 external carotid artery steal <Chinese>颈外动脉盗血 external granular layer <Chinese>外颗粒层(大脑皮质) external limiting membrane <Chinese>外界膜 external medullary lamina <Chinese>外髓板 external meningitis <Chinese>硬脑膜外层炎 external pyramidal layer <Chinese>外锥体层(大脑皮质) exteroceptor <Chinese>外感受器 extra-cortical axial aplasia <Chinese>皮质外轴索再生障碍 extrameningeal <Chinese>脑(脊)膜外的 extrapymidal disease <Chinese>锥体外系疾病 extrapyramidal system <Chinese>锥体外系统 exudate <Chinese>渗出 Fabry's disease<Chinese> 酰基鞘氨醇已三糖苷脂沉积症 facial apraxia <Chinese>面肌失用 facial colliculus <Chinese>面神经丘 facial hemiahypertrophy <Chinese>面偏侧肥大 facial hemiatrophy <Chinese>面偏侧萎缩 facial masking <Chinese>面具脸 facial myokymia <Chinese>面肌纤维颤搐 facial spasm <Chinese>面肌痉挛 facial tic<Chinese> 面肌抽搐 facial trophoneurosis <Chinese>颜面营养神经病 facilitory area <Chinese>易化区 facioplegia <Chinese>面神经麻痹 facioscapulohumeral dystrophy <Chinese>面肩肱型营养不良 facsiculation <Chinese>肌束震颤 faecal <Chinese>粪便 faint<Chinese> 晕厥 falx cerebri<Chinese> 大脑镰 falx cerebrlli <Chinese>小脑镰 familial amaurotic idiocy <Chinese>家族性黑蒙性白痴 familial dysautonomia<Chinese> 家族性植物神经障碍 familial periodic paralysis <Chinese>家族性周期性瘫痪 familial progressive spinal muscular atrophy <Chinese>家族性进行性脊肌萎缩 familial spastic paraplegia <Chinese>家族性痉挛性截瘫 familial tremor <Chinese>家族性震颤 fasciculus cuneatus<Chinese> 楔束 fasciculus dorsolateralis, fasciculus of Lissauer <Chinese>背外侧束 fasciculus grancilis<Chinese> 薄束 fasciculus proprii <Chinese>固有束 fasciculus retroflexus<Chinese> 后屈束 fasciolar gyrus <Chinese>束状回 fast flow component <Chinese>快流成分(轴浆流) fat embolism <Chinese>脂肪栓塞 fatiguability <Chinese>易疲劳 fatigue <Chinese>疲劳 Fazio-Londc disease <Chinese>少年进行性球麻痹 febrile convulsion <Chinese>高热惊厥 febrile delirium <Chinese>发热谵妄 feeblemindedness <Chinese>低能 fenarol <Chinese>芬那露 fenbufen <Chinese>芬布芬 fenfluramine <Chinese>苯氟拉明 fenoendazole <Chinese>硫苯咪唑 fenofibrate <Chinese>非诺贝特 festinating gait <Chinese>慌张步态(震颤麻痹及其他神经性疾病) fibers from locus coerulus to cerebellum <Chinese>蓝斑小脑纤维 fibril acid <Chinese>神经纤维酸 fibrillary glia <Chinese>纤维性神经胶质细胞 fibrillation <Chinese>肌纤维颤搐 fibrodysplasia ossificans <Chinese>骨化性纤维发育不良 fibromuscular dysplasia <Chinese>肌纤维发育不良 fibromuscular hyperplasia <Chinese>纤维肌性增生 fibromyositis <Chinese>纤维性肌炎 fibrosis <Chinese>纤维化 fibrous astroglia cell <Chinese>纤维性星形胶质细胞 filium terminale<Chinese> 终丝(脊髓) fissure,sulcus <Chinese>裂 fit <Chinese>发作 fixation hysteria <Chinese>固定癔病 fixation nystagmus <Chinese>凝视性眼球震颤 fixed spasm<Chinese> 持久性痉挛 flaccidity <Chinese>肌肉松驰 flavoxate hydrochloride <Chinese>黄酮哌酯 Flechsig's areas <Chinese>弗莱希西希区(延髓每半边的前,侧,后三个区,可见迷走神经及舌下神经) Flechsig's cuticulum <Chinese>弗莱希西希表皮(神经胶质外面的一层扁平细胞) Flechsig's fasciculus <Chinese>前固有束 Flechsig's field <Chinese>髓鞘生成区 Flechsig's myelogenetic law <Chinese>弗莱希西希髓鞘发生定律 flexing <Chinese>屈曲 flexion injury <Chinese>屈曲性损伤 flexor reflex <Chinese>屈肌反射 flickering vision <Chinese>闪烁视觉 floccular peduncle <Chinese>绒球脚 flocculonodular syndrome <Chinese>小脑绒球结节综合征 flocculus <Chinese>绒球(小脑) floor plate <Chinese>底板 floppy infant syndrome <Chinese>婴儿低肌张力综合征 fludrocortisone <Chinese>氟氢可的松 flufenamic acid<Chinese> 氟灭酸 flunamic <Chinese>氟桂嗪 flunirazepam <Chinese>氟硝安定 fluorescence microscope <Chinese>荧光显微镜 fluoxetine <Chinese>氟苯氧丙胺 flupenthixol <Chinese>三氟噻吨 fluphenaxine <Chinese>氟奋乃静 flurazepam <Chinese>氟安定 flurothyl <Chinese>六氟二乙酯 fluspirilene <Chinese>氟斯必灵 focal myoclonus <Chinese>局灶性肌阵挛 focal seizure <Chinese>局灶性癫痫发作 Foix syndrome <Chinese>海绵窦综合征 Foix-Alajouanine disease <Chinese>脊髓血管畸形自发栓塞症 Fontana's marking<Chinese> 丰塔纳条纹(神经干切面的横文) fontanel <Chinese>囟 foramen caecum <Chinese>盲孔 foramen magnum <Chinese>枕骨大孔 foramen <Chinese>孔 Forbes disease <Chinese>糖原沉积病Ⅱ型 forced attitude <Chinese>强迫姿势(脑膜炎) Forel's commissur <Chinese>福雷尔连合(丘脑下部核连合) Forel's decussation <Chinese>福雷尔交叉(中脑的红脊髓束及红核网状束的被盖前交叉) Forel's field <Chinese>福雷尔区(含有联系丘脑与丘脑下部细的纵行纤维的区域) formation <Chinese>形成 fornix commissure <Chinese>穹窿连合 fornix <Chinese>穹窿 fortification <Chinese>偏头痛闪烁幻象 fossa <Chinese>窝 Foster-Kennedy syndrome <Chinese>脑前叶肿瘤 Fothergill disease <Chinese>三叉神经痛 fourth ventricle <Chinese>第四脑室 fourth ventricle <Chinese>第四脑室外侧孔 fourth ventricle <Chinese>第四脑室正中孔 fovea <Chinese>凹 Foville syndrome <Chinese>桥脑旁正中综合征 Frankl-Hochwart's disease <Chinese>弗l霍希瓦特病(梅尼埃尔病样多发性脑神经炎) Frazier-Spiller operation <Chinese>弗雷泽-斯皮勒手术(半月神经节感觉根分离) free sensory endings <Chinese>游离感觉末梢 freezing microtome <Chinese>冰冻切片机 Frenkel's movements <Chinese>弗伦克尔运动疗法(运动失调矫正法) Frey's syndrome <Chinese>弗莱综合征(耳颞神经综合征) Friedmann's vasomotor syndrome<Chinese> 弗里德曼血管舒缩综合征 Friedreich ataxia <Chinese>遗传性共济失调 Friedreich's foot<Chinese> 弗里德赖希足(马蹄内翻,趾过伸畸形,见于遗传性运动失调) Frohlich syndrome <Chinese>肥胖性生殖器退化 Froin syndrome <Chinese>脑脊液分隔综合征 Frommann's line <Chinese>弗罗曼线(有髓神经纤维轴索上的横纹) fronatl lobe ataxia <Chinese>额叶共济失调 frontal forceps<Chinese> 额钳(胼胝体) frontal gait apraxia <Chinese>额叶步态失用 frontal lobe <Chinese>额叶 frontal pole <Chinese>额极 frontomarginalis suleus <Chinese>额缘沟 frontopontine tract<Chinese>额桥束 Froriep's ganglion <Chinese>弗罗里普神经节,枕神经节(胚) frozen section<Chinese>冰冻切片 fundi<Chinese> 眼底 fundoscope <Chinese>眼底镜 fundoscopy <Chinese>眼底检查 fungus cerebri <Chinese>脑菌样膨出 furabencillin <Chinese>呋苄青霉素 furaprbal <Chinese>呋喃甲氢龙 furosemide <Chinese>呋喃苯胺酸(速尿) Furstner's disease <Chinese>菲斯特内病(假性痉挛性麻痹伴发震颤) fusiform aneurysm <Chinese>梭形动脉瘤 fusiform gyrus <Chinese>梭状回(枕颞内侧回) fusimotor <Chinese>肌梭运动 gag reflex<Chinese> 咽 gait <Chinese>步态 galactocerebroside lipidosis <Chinese>半乳糖脑苷脂沉积病 galactolipin <Chinese>脑苷脂 galactosyl ceramide <Chinese>脑苷脂类 galamthamine <Chinese>加兰他敏 Gamstorp disease <Chinese>遗传性周期性麻痹 gangliectomy <Chinese>神经节切除术 gangliitis <Chinese>神经节炎 ganglioblast <Chinese>成神经节细胞 gangliocyte <Chinese>神经节细胞 gangliocytoma <Chinese>神经节细胞瘤 ganglioglioma <Chinese>神经节神经胶质瘤 ganglioglioneuroma <Chinese>神经节胶质神经瘤 gangliolysis <Chinese>神经节阻滞 ganglion <Chinese>神经节 ganglioside <Chinese>神经节苷脂 gangliosidoses <Chinese>神经节苷脂沉积症 gangrene<Chinese> 坏疽 ganimalon <Chinese> r-氨酪酸 Ganser's commissure <Chinese>甘塞氏连合 Gasser's ganglion <Chinese>三叉神经节 Gaucher' disease<Chinese> 葡萄糖脑苷脂沉积症 gaze <Chinese>凝视 gemfibrpzil <Chinese>吉罗非齐(诺稳固衡) general paresis of the insane <Chinese>麻痹性痴呆 geniculate body <Chinese>膝状体 geniculate herpes <Chinese>膝状疱疹 geniculocalcarine <Chinese>膝距束 genu of internal capsule <Chinese>内囊膝 Gerlach's nerwork <Chinese>格拉赫网(脊髓神经节细胞树状突的一种明显的但不是真的网织) Gerlier's disease <Chinese>惹利埃病(地方性麻痹性眩晕) Gerlier's syndrome <Chinese>惹利埃综合征(地方性麻痹性眩晕) Gerstmann syndrome <Chinese>古斯曼综合征(优势半球角回损害) giant cell periarteritis <Chinese>巨细胞动脉周围炎 gigantism <Chinese>巨人症 gilles de la tourette syndrome <Chinese>多发性抽动-秽语综合征 glabellar reflex <Chinese>眉间反射 Glasgow coma scale <Chinese>格拉斯哥昏迷计分 glaucoma <Chinese>青光眼 glettic spasm <Chinese>喉痉挛 glia limitans membrane <Chinese>胶质界膜 glia <Chinese>神经胶质 gliacyte <Chinese>神经胶质细胞 glioblast <Chinese>成神经胶质细胞 glioblastoma <Chinese>成胶质细胞瘤 gliocytoma <Chinese>神经胶质细胞瘤 gliofibrillary <Chinese>神经胶质原纤维的 gliogenous <Chinese>神经胶质原的 glioma <Chinese>胶质瘤 gliomatosis <Chinese>神经胶质瘤病 gliophagia <Chinese>吞噬神经胶质作用 gliopil <Chinese>神经胶质毡 gliosarcoma retinae <Chinese>视网膜神经胶质肉瘤 gliosarcoma <Chinese>神经胶质肉瘤 gliosis<Chinese> 胶质增生 gliosome <Chinese>神经胶质粒 global aphasia <Chinese>完全性失语 global dementia <Chinese>全面性痴呆 globoid cell leukodystrophy <Chinese>类球状细胞白质营养不良症 glucagon <Chinese>胰高血糖素 glucose tolerance factor <Chinese>葡萄糖耐量因子 glueocerebrosidoses <Chinese>葡萄糖脑苷脂沉积症 gluteal gait <Chinese>偏瘫步态(臀中肌瘫痪) gluteal reflex <Chinese>臀反射 glutethimide <Chinese>导眠能 glycogen storage diseases <Chinese>糖原沉积病 glycogen <Chinese>糖原 Goldflam's disease <Chinese>假麻痹性重症肌无力 Golgi's complex <Chinese>高尔基体 Golgi's corpuscle <Chinese>高尔基小体(在腱内腱与肌肉纤维接合处的一种腱梭) Golgi's mixed staining method <Chinese>高尔基混合染色法(染神经细胞及其全部细胞突) Golgi's type Ⅰ neurons <Chinese>高尔基Ⅰ型神经细胞(具有长轴索的锥体细胞) Golgi's type Ⅱ neurons <Chinese>高尔基Ⅱ型神经细胞(具有短轴索的星状细胞) Goll's fibers <Chinese>戈尔纤维(从薄束核延伸到小脑蚓部) Goll's nucleus <Chinese>戈尔核(薄束核) Goll's tract <Chinese>脊髓薄束 Gombault-Philippe triangle <Chinese>贡博-菲利普三角(脊髓圆锥内,由隔缘束的纤维形成) goniocraiometry <Chinese>颅角测量法 gonion <Chinese>下颌角点 Gordon sign <Chinese>戈登征 Gordon's reflex <Chinese>戈登反射(倒错性屈肌反射) Gordon's test <Chinese>戈登试验(检脑脊液球蛋白及白蛋白) Gower's contraction <Chinese>前叩击收缩 Gower's syndrome <Chinese>高尔斯综合征(血管迷走神经性发作) Gower's tract<Chinese> 脊髓小脑前束 Gowers myopathy <Chinese>跳跃性痉挛 Gowers sign <Chinese>高乐斯征 Gradenigo's syndrome <Chinese>格拉代尼果综合征(中耳化脓性疾病时的外展神经麻痹及单侧头痛) Graefe's disease <Chinese>进行性眼肌麻痹 grand mal <Chinese>大发作 Grant test <Chinese>脑脊液动力学检查 granular endoplasmic reticulum <Chinese>颗粒内质网 granular layer <Chinese>粒层(小脑皮质) granuloma<Chinese> 肉芽肿 graphanesthesia<Chinese> 皮肤书写觉丧失 graphethesia <Chinese>皮肤书写觉 Grashey's aphasia <Chinese>格腊希失语(遗忘性失语) grasp reflex <Chinese>强握反射 Grasset's phenomenon <Chinese>格腊希现象(在不全偏瘫时,患者能将两下肢分别举起,而不能同时举起) Grasset-Gaussel-Hoover sign <Chinese>格腊希-果塞尔-胡佛征 gray reticular formation <Chinese>灰网状质 gray substance <Chinese>灰质 gridle muscle <Chinese>肢带肌 griseofulvin <Chinese>灰黄霉素 groaning <Chinese>呻吟 Gubler's hemiplegia <Chinese>古布累偏瘫(交叉性偏瘫) Gubler's line <Chinese>古布累线(连结脑桥下第五脑神经各根起点的想象线) Gubler's tumor <Chinese>交叉性偏瘫 Gudden's commissure <Chinese>视上连合 Gudden's law <Chinese>古登定律(神经切断后近端发生的变性是向细胞的) Gudden's commissure <Chinese>古登氏连合 Guillian-Barre's syndrome<Chinese> 格林-巴利综合征 gummatous meningitis <Chinese>树胶肿性脑膜炎 gyrochrome<Chinese> 环染细胞(神经细胞) gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis <Chinese>枕颞外侧回 gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis <Chinese>枕颞内侧回 gyrus <Chinese>回 habit spasm <Chinese>习惯性痉挛 haematogenous <Chinese>血源性 haemngioblastoma <Chinese>小神经胶质细胞瘤 Haenel's syndrome <Chinese>黑内尔症状(脊髓痨患者眼球压觉缺失) Hall's disease <Chinese>假性脑积水 Hall's facies <Chinese>霍尔面容(额大面小,见于脑积水) Haller's circle <Chinese>视神经血管环 Haller's line <Chinese>脊髓前正中裂 Hallervorden-Spatz disease <Chinese>蛋白球色素退变综合征 hallmark <Chinese>标志 hallucination<Chinese> 幻觉 hallucinatory neuralgia <Chinese>幻觉性神经痛 haloperidol <Chinese>氟哌啶醇 hamartoma <Chinese>错构瘤 handicap <Chinese>障碍 handicraft spasm <Chinese>职业性痉挛 Hand-Schuller-Christian disease <Chinese>慢性特发性黄瘤病 Harada disease <Chinese>哈雷大病 head holder <Chinese>头固定架 head nystagmus <Chinese>旋转性头震颤(动物) heart neurosis <Chinese>心脏神经症 heat cramp <Chinese>中暑性痉挛 heel-knee test <Chinese>跟膝反射 Heidenhain syndrome <Chinese>海登汗综合征(迅速进展的神经变性性疾病) helicopod gait <Chinese>环形步态(癔病性疾病) heliencephalitis <Chinese>日射性脑炎 Heller disease <Chinese>梅毒性主动脉炎 Helweg's bundle <Chinese>橄榄脊髓束 hemangioblastoma <Chinese>成血管细胞瘤 hemangioma <Chinese>血管瘤 hematomyelia <Chinese>脊髓出血 hematomyelitis <Chinese>出血性脊髓炎 hematomyelopore <Chinese>出血性脊髓空洞症 hematorrhachis <Chinese>椎管内出血 hemiachromatopsia <Chinese>偏侧色盲 hemiageusia <Chinese>偏侧味觉缺失 hemiamyosthenia<Chinese> 偏身肌无力 hemianalgesia <Chinese>偏侧痛觉缺失 hemianesthesia <Chinese>偏身感觉障碍 hemianopia <Chinese>偏盲 hemianosmia<Chinese> 偏侧嗅觉缺失 hemiapraxia<Chinese> 偏侧失用症 hemiasomatonosia <Chinese>偏身辨距不能 hemiasynergia <Chinese>偏侧协同运动不能 hemiataxia<Chinese> 偏侧共济失调 hemiatrophy<Chinese> 偏侧萎缩 hemiballismus <Chinese>偏身投掷症 hemichorea <Chinese>偏侧舞蹈病 hemicraniectomy <Chinese>偏侧颅骨切除术 hemicraniosis <Chinese>偏侧颅骨肥大 hemidecortication <Chinese>偏侧大脑皮层切除术 hemifacial spasm<Chinese>偏侧面肌痉挛 hemihypacusis <Chinese>偏侧听觉障碍 hemihypalgesia <Chinese>偏侧痛觉减退 hemihyperatrophy <Chinese>偏侧肥大 hemihyperesthesia <Chinese>偏侧感觉过敏 hemihypesthesia <Chinese>偏侧感觉迟钝 hemipakinsonism <Chinese>偏侧震颤麻痹 hemiparanesthesia <Chinese>偏侧下身麻木 hemiparaplesia <Chinese>偏侧下身麻木 hemiparesis <Chinese>轻偏瘫 hemiplegia alternate <Chinese>交叉性偏瘫 hemiplegia cruciate <Chinese>交叉上下肢偏瘫 hemiplegia migraine <Chinese>偏瘫性头痛 hemiplegia <Chinese>偏瘫 hemirachischisis <Chinese>隐性脊柱裂 hemisection syndrome <Chinese>半切综合征 hemispasm <Chinese>偏侧痉挛 hemisphaerium <Chinese>半球 hemisphere <Chinese>半球 hemispherectomy <Chinese>大脑半球切除术 hemithermoanesthesia <Chinese>偏侧热觉缺失 hemorrahagic encepalitis <Chinese>出血性脑炎 hemorrahagic infract <Chinese>出血性梗塞 hemorrahagic leukoencephalitis <Chinese>出血性白质脑炎 Henoch's chorea <Chinese>亨诺赫舞蹈病(痉挛性抽搐) Henoch's purpura <Chinese>亨诺赫紫癜(神经性紫癜) hepatic coma <Chinese>肝性昏迷 hepatic encephalopathy <Chinese>肝性脑病 hepatic myelopathy <Chinese>肝性脊髓病 hepatocerebral degenetation <Chinese>肝脑变性 hepatolenticular degenetation <Chinese>肝豆状核变性 hepronicace <Chinese>烟己甘酯 hereditary ataxia <Chinese>遗传性共济失调 hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy <Chinese>遗传性运动感觉性神经病 hereditary tremor <Chinese>遗传性震颤 hereditary <Chinese>遗传 heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis <Chinese>多神经炎型遗传性共济失调 Hering's law <Chinese>赫林定律(两眼神经支配原理) Hering's nerve <Chinese>舌咽神经颈动脉窦支 Hering's test <Chinese>赫林试验(检实体视觉) Hering's theory <Chinese>赫林学说(色觉) herniation <Chinese>疝 herpes simplex encephalitis <Chinese>单纯疱疹脑炎 herpes zoster encephalitis<Chinese> 带状疱疹脑炎 herpes zoster myelitis <Chinese>带状疱疹脊髓炎 herpes zoster neuralgia<Chinese> 带状疱疹神经痛 herpes zoster<Chinese> 带状疱疹 hersage <Chinese>周围神经松解法 heteresthesia <Chinese>差异感觉 heteronymous hemianopia <Chinese>异侧偏盲 heteropodal <Chinese>异突的(神经细胞) Heubner's disease <Chinese>梅毒性大脑动脉内膜炎 hiatoneurology <Chinese>神经组织学 hiccough <Chinese>呃逆 Hippel-Lindau's disease <Chinese>视网膜-小脑血管瘤病 hippocampal commissure <Chinese>海马连合 hippocampus <Chinese>海马 His's perivascular <Chinese>希斯血管周隙(脑与脊髓血管动脉外膜和神经胶质血管周围界膜之间的间隙) His's zones <Chinese>希斯区(胚神经管的四个纵增厚束) Histology <Chinese>组织学 Hitzig's gridle <Chinese>希茨希带(与乳房同高的一环状痛觉缺失区) Hitzig's test <Chinese>希茨希试验(检前庭器) hoarse <Chinese>声嘶 Hoffmann sign <Chinese>霍夫曼征 Hoffmann's phenomenon <Chinese>霍夫曼现象 Holmes's degeneration <Chinese>霍姆斯变性(原发性进行性小脑变性) holotonia <Chinese>全身肌紧张 Homen's syndrome <Chinese>霍门综合征 homocystinuria <Chinese>高胱氨酸尿症 homodesmotic <Chinese>同联的 homonymous hemianopia<Chinese>同侧偏盲 homonymous <Chinese>同向 hook bundle of Russell <Chinese>罗瑟尔氏钩束 horizontal fissure <Chinese>水平裂 horizontal hemianopia <Chinese>上下性偏盲 Horner syndrome <Chinese>霍纳综合征 Horton's arteritis <Chinese>颞动脉 Horton's headache <Chinese>组胺性头痛 Hunt's atrophy <Chinese>亨特肌萎缩 Hunt's disease <Chinese>亨特病(肌阵挛性小脑协同失调) Hunt's paradoxical phenomenon <Chinese>亨特反常现象 Hunt's striatal syndrome <Chinese>亨特纹状体综合征 Hunt's syndrome <Chinese>亨特综合征(耳带状疱疹) Huntington's disease <Chinese>亨廷顿舞蹈病 Hurier disease <Chinese>第Ⅰ型粘多糖增多症 husky <Chinese>沙哑 Hutchison syndrome <Chinese>哈奇森综合征 Hutchson pupil <Chinese>霍氏瞳孔 hydralazime <Chinese>肼苯哒嗪 hydranencephaly <Chinese>积水性无脑 hydranencephaly <Chinese>脑发育不全性脑积水 hydrencephalocele <Chinese>积水性脑突出 hydrocephaloid <Chinese>脑积水样的 hydrocephalus <Chinese>脑积水 hydrochlorothiazide <Chinese>氢氯噻嗪 hydromeningitis <Chinese>浆液性脑膜炎 hydromeningocele <Chinese>积水性脑膜突出 hydromicrocephaly <Chinese>积水性小头 hydromyelia <Chinese>脊髓积水 hydromyelomeningocele <Chinese>积水性脊髓膜突出 hydroxyethylamyle<Chinese> 羟乙基淀粉 hydroxynervone<Chinese> 羟烯脑苷脂 hydroxyzine <Chinese>羟嗪 (安秦乐) hyminal <Chinese>安眠酮 hypacusia <Chinese>听觉减退 hypalgesia <Chinese>痛觉减退 hyperactivity <Chinese>多动症 hyperacusis <Chinese>听力减退 hyperaemia <Chinese>充血 hyperalgesia <Chinese>痛觉过敏 hypercapnea <Chinese>呼吸过度 hypercapnia <Chinese>高碳酸血症 hypercoagulable <Chinese>凝固性过高 hyperemasis <Chinese>剧吐 hyperesthesia <Chinese>感觉过敏 hyperkalemic periodic paralysis <Chinese>高钾性周期性瘫痪 hyperkinesia syndrome <Chinese>多动综合征 hyperkinesia <Chinese>运动过度 hyperlipidaemia <Chinese>高脂血症 hypermyotonia <Chinese>肌张力过度 hypermyotrophy <Chinese>肌肥大 hypernatremia <Chinese>高钠血症 hyperneurotization <Chinese>神经机能加强法 hyperoirdosis <Chinese>脊柱前凸过度 hyperosmia <Chinese>嗅觉过敏 hyperostosis frontalis interna <Chinese>额叶内板增生症 hyperplasia <Chinese>增生 hyperponesis <Chinese>皮层运动区活动过度 hyperpyrexia <Chinese>高热 hyperreflexia <Chinese>反射亢进 hypersomnia <Chinese>睡眠过度 hypertensive encephalopathy <Chinese>高血压脑病 hypertonia <Chinese>肌张力过高 hypertonicity <Chinese>高渗透性 hypertrophic neuropathy <Chinese>肥大性神经病 hypertrophy <Chinese>肥大 hyperventilation syndrome <Chinese>过度换气综合征 hyperventilation <Chinese>过度换气 hyperviscosity <Chinese>粘滞度过高 hypesthesia <Chinese>感觉减退 hypnagogic hallucination<Chinese> 入睡前幻觉 hypocalcaemia <Chinese>低钙血症 hypoesthesia <Chinese>感觉迟钝 hypogastric plexus <Chinese>腹下丛 hypogeusia <Chinese>味觉减退 hypoglossal ansa <Chinese>舌下神经袢 hypoglossal trigone <Chinese>舌下三角 hypoglossal <Chinese>舌下的 hypoglycaemia <Chinese>低血糖 hypoglycemic encephalopathy <Chinese>低血糖脑病 hypokalemic periodic paralysis <Chinese>低钾性周期性瘫痪 hypokinesia <Chinese>运动减少 hypomagnesaemia <Chinese>低镁血症 hypomania <Chinese>轻躁狂 hypomyotonia <Chinese>肌张力减低 hyponatraemia <Chinese>低钠血症 hypophrenia <Chinese>弱智 hypophyseal duct tumor <Chinese>垂体管肿瘤 hypophyseal portal system <Chinese>垂体门脉系统 hypophyseotrophic area <Chinese>促垂体区 hypopituitarism <Chinese>垂体功能减退 hypoplasia <Chinese>发育不全 hypopselaphesia <Chinese>触觉减退 hyporeflexia <Chinese>反射减退 hyposmia <Chinese>嗅觉减退 hyposomnia<Chinese>失眠 hypothalamic suleus <Chinese>下丘脑沟 hypothalamohypophysial system <Chinese>下丘脑垂体系统 hypothalamotomy <Chinese>下丘脑切断术 hypothalamus <Chinese>下丘脑 hypothermia <Chinese>低温 hypotonia <Chinese>肌张力减退 hypoxia <Chinese>缺氧 hyppocampal suleus <Chinese>海马沟 hypsokinesis <Chinese>后仰 Hyrtl's loop <Chinese>希尔特尔襻 hysteria major <Chinese>大发作癔病 hysteria minor <Chinese>小发作癔病 hysteria <Chinese>癔病 hysterical myodynia <Chinese>癔病性肌痛 hysteroid <Chinese>类癔病 hysteropia <Chinese>癔病性视力障碍 hysterosyphillis <Chinese>梅毒性癔病 hysterotabetism <Chinese>癔病脊髓痨 ibuprofen <Chinese>布洛芬 idiopathic <Chinese>特发性 idoxuidinum <Chinese>碘苷(疱疹净) illegible <Chinese>字迹模糊 illogical attitude <Chinese>不自然姿势(癔症性癫痫) illusion <Chinese>错觉 imbecility <Chinese>痴愚 imipramine <Chinese>丙咪嗪 impinge <Chinese>侵犯 impotence <Chinese>阳萎 incisura <Chinese>切迹 incitogram <Chinese>冲动发放 inclusion body encephalitis <Chinese>包涵体脑炎 incomplete hemianopia <Chinese>不全偏盲 incongruous hemianopia <Chinese>非对称性同侧偏盲 incontinence <Chinese>失禁 incoordination <Chinese>失协调 increased intracranial pressure <Chinese>颅内压增高 indenolol <Chinese>茚心安 indomethacin <Chinese>吲哚美辛(消炎痛) indusium griseum <Chinese>灰被 infantile dementia <Chinese>婴儿痴呆 infantile encephalopathy <Chinese>婴儿脑病 infantile hemiplegia <Chinese>婴儿偏瘫 infantile myopathy <Chinese>婴儿肌病 inferior cerebellar peduncle <Chinese>小脑下脚 inferior colliculus <Chinese>下丘 inferior fovea <Chinese>下凹 inferior frontal gyrus <Chinese>额下回 inferior frontal suleus <Chinese>额下沟 inferior horn of lateral ventricle <Chinese>侧脑室下角 inferior longitudinal fasciculus <Chinese>下纵束 inferior petrosal sinus <Chinese>岩下窦 inferior quadrigeminal brachium <Chinese>下丘臂 inferior sagittal sinus <Chinese>下矢状窦 inferior tempotal gyrus <Chinese>颞下回 inferior tempotal suleus <Chinese>颞下沟 infundibular recess <Chinese>漏斗隐窝 infundibulum <Chinese>漏斗 infusion <Chinese>注射 inhibitory area <Chinese>抑制区 inhibitory postsynaptic potential <Chinese>抑制性突触后电位 initial segment of axon <Chinese>轴突起始段 inoccipitia <Chinese>枕叶缺失 inosine <Chinese>肌苷 inositol nicotinate <Chinese>烟酸肌醇酯 inositol <Chinese>肌醇 insidious <Chinese>隐袭的 instantaneous <Chinese>瞬时 insula <Chinese>岛叶 insula, island of Reil <Chinese>脑岛 insulin <Chinese>胰岛素 intention neuralgia <Chinese>肋间神经痛 intention spasm <Chinese>意向性痉挛 intention tremor <Chinese>意向性震颤 interferon <Chinese>干扰素 interleukin-2 <Chinese>白细胞介素-2 intermediolateral column <Chinese>中间柱 intermesenteric plexus <Chinese>肠系膜间丛 intermittent claudication <Chinese>间歇性跛行 intermittent cramp <Chinese>间歇性痉挛 intermittent <Chinese>间歇 internal band of Baillarger <Chinese>拜劳格氏内带 internal capsule <Chinese>内囊 internal granular layer <Chinese>内颗粒层(大脑皮质) internal limiting membrane <Chinese>内界膜 internal medullary lamina <Chinese>内髓板 internal meningitis <Chinese>硬脑膜内层炎 internal pyramidal layer <Chinese>内锥体层(大脑皮质) internuclear ophthamoplegia <Chinese>核间性眼肌麻痹 interoceptor <Chinese>内感受器 interpeduncal fossa <Chinese>脚间窝 interpeduncular cistern <Chinese>脚间池 intersegmental reflex <Chinese>节段间反射 interventricular foramen <Chinese>室间孔 intracephalic <Chinese>脑内的 intracerebellar <Chinese>小脑内的 intracerebral <Chinese>大脑内的 intracranial pressure <Chinese>颅内压 intracranial <Chinese>颅内的 intradural <Chinese>硬脑膜内的 intrameningeal <Chinese>脑膜内的 intraneural plexus <Chinese>神经内丛 intraneural <Chinese>神经内的 intraparietal suleus <Chinese>顶内沟 intrasegmental reflex <Chinese>节段内反射 involuntary <Chinese>不随意 involution syndrome <Chinese>更年期综合征 ipsilateral <Chinese>同侧 iris <Chinese>虹膜 ischaemia <Chinese>缺血 ischemic cerebrovascular disease <Chinese>缺血性脑血管病 ischemic infract <Chinese>缺血性梗塞 ischemic myelomalacia <Chinese>缺血性脊髓软化 ischemic myopathy <Chinese>缺血性肌病 ischemic neuropathy <Chinese>缺血性神经病 ischialgia <Chinese>坐骨神经痛 isoniazid <Chinese>异烟肼 isoprinosine <Chinese>异丙肌苷 isothermognosis <Chinese>等温感觉 isothiazine <Chinese>异噻嗪 jackknife seizure <Chinese>折刀状发作 Jacobson's organ <Chinese>犁鼻器 Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease <Chinese>海绵状脑病 jaw clenching <Chinese>牙关紧闭 jaw reflex <Chinese>下颌反射 jaw-winking reflex <Chinese>下颌瞬目反射 jerk nystagnmus <Chinese>跳动性眼球震颤 joint receptor <Chinese>关节感受器 Jolly's reaction <Chinese>约利反应 juvenile gangliosidosis <Chinese>少年型神经节苷脂沉积病 Kae's Bekhterev layer <Chinese>克斯——别赫捷列夫层(大脑皮层外粒层内的纤维层) Kae's feltwork <Chinese>克斯神经纤维网(在大脑皮层内) Kae's line <Chinese>克斯线(大脑皮层外粒层内的纤维层) Kafka's test <Chinese>卡夫卡试验(检脑脊髓梅毒) Kalmuk idiocy <Chinese>伸舌性白痴 Kaplan's test <Chinese>卡普兰试验(检脑脊液球蛋白及白蛋白) Kayser's disease <Chinese>肝豆状核变性 Kearn-Sayer syndrome <Chinese>凯-塞综合征 Kehrer's reflex <Chinese>克勒尔反射(听睑反射) Kennedy's syndrome <Chinese>肯尼迪综合征(脑前叶肿瘤征) keraunoneurosis <Chinese>闪电性神经病 kernicterus <Chinese>核黄疸 Kernig sign <Chinese>克氏征 Kernohan notch <Chinese>颞叶疝压迹 kinesthesia <Chinese>运动觉 Klippel-Feil syndrome <Chinese>先天性颈椎缺少或融合 Klumpke paralysis <Chinese>臂丛麻痹的下丛型 Kluver-Bucy syndrome <Chinese>双侧颞叶切除综合征 knee jerk <Chinese>膝反射 Kolliker's column <Chinese>肌原纤维 Kolliker's interstitial granules <Chinese>肌浆间质粒 Kolliker's membrane <Chinese>蜗管网状膜 Kolliker's nucleis <Chinese>脊髓中央灰质 koniocortex <Chinese>粒状皮层 Kopressoff's center <Chinese>排尿中枢 Korsakov syndrome <Chinese>虚构-遗忘综合征 Korte-Ballance operation <Chinese>科尔特——巴郎斯手术(面神经舌下神经吻合术) Koshevnikoff's disease <Chinese>持续性不全癫痫 Krabbe leukodystrophy <Chinese>克拉勃脑白质营养不良 Krause's line <Chinese>Z盘 Krishaber's disease <Chinese>脑——心综合征 Kuf disease <Chinese>青少年型家族性黑蒙性白痴 Kummell disease <Chinese>脊柱压缩性骨折 Kussmaul's aphasia <Chinese>有意识的失语 Kussmaul's paralysis <Chinese>急性热病性多神经炎 Kwashiorkor disease <Chinese>严重蛋白缺乏综合征 kyphoscoliosis <Chinese>脊柱后侧凸 kyphosis <Chinese>脊柱后凸 labetatal <Chinese>柳苄心胺 labryrinthine nystagmus <Chinese>迷路性眼球震颤 labyrinth <Chinese>迷路 labyrinthine reflex 迷路反射 labyrinthitis <Chinese>迷路炎 lachrymation <Chinese>流涎 lacrimal reflex <Chinese>沁泪反射 lacriml glands <Chinese>泪腺 lactasin <Chinese>乳酶生 actulose <Chinese>乳果糖
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