 来信答复
(Ask and Answer)
其它网站相关链接:
Since I set up my home
page, many visitors have sent me emails to ask about questions on
English learning. Now I selected some of the question they asked
and the answers I gave in order that you can share some of them.
1.Ask:
师范大学应该是Normal University rather than Teacher's University.
Answer: Thank
you for your suggestions. I talked this with my foreign teachers
in our college. They said "Teachers' University" is better
and clearer.
2.Ask: How to say "我的户口已移到福建" in
English?
Answer: My registered
permanent residence has been transferred to Fujian.
3.Ask: 到底找工作用"Look for a job."好还是用"Find
a job"好一点。
Answer: "Look
for a job" is right.
4.Ask: 请问英语该怎样去学习它，能告诉我一种方法吗？学习英语都有好几年了，就是没有长进,还停留在原地.现在我很苦恼。
Answer: I think
there is no short cut in learning English. You must made up your
mind to study it diligently, persistently, systematically and methodically.
5. Ask: 我想请教您如何应付全国职称考试，有什么经验，另外在复习过程中有何比较好的方法，我现在遇到的问题是词汇量不够。
I think first you must
try to remember English words as many as possible. If you don't
know enough words, you can't understand the articles in the paper.
You can use the software <<开天辟地背单词>>. Then you must
know some basic grammar. This will help you to understand the articles
because most of the questions are about understanding. And also
you must know the kind of questions in the paper. You'd better buy
the book they are using. Sometimes they use at least one article
in it. Finally, you must practise, that is, you must try to read
some articles in the same level.
 To
the top(回页首)
6. Ask: 怎样才能取得翻译资格？自学、自考应如何做？
Answer: I am
glad to know that you are keen on improving your English, especially
translation. As the saying goes:" Where is a will, there is
a way." I think you can master it by self-teaching. First,
you must improve your Chinese and then you should learn some basic
skills for translation. Finally it is most important of all. You
must practise, practise and once more practise. I recommend
two books to you. "文体与翻译"(I can not remember which press
it was published) "实用翻译教程" 冯庆华 上海外语教育 出版社 and one magazine
"英语世界" . You can use this magazine to do some translation
practise from Chinese to English and vice versa. Then you can have
some comparison with the origin. After some period of practise,
I am sure you will make great progress. Practise makes perfect.
7. Ask:
想买一本好一点的汉英辞典，能否请您建议一下。
Answer: As far as I know, you can buy this dictionary: 汉英大词典（两卷）上海交通大学出版社
8. Ask: What's
the difference of these sentences?
1)Left alone, young children can get themselves into all sorts of
trouble very quickly.
2) Being
left alone, young children can get themselves into all sorts of
trouble very quickly.
3) Having been left
alone, young children can get themselves into all sorts of trouble
very quickly.
Answer: Grammatically
I think A is right. It puts more emphasis on the action of the two
verbs happening at the same time. But D is better. We also can have
this choice "having been left," These three ones are not
stressed in the same way. We can explain these sentences in the
following ways:
1) Left alone, young
children can get themselves into all sorts of trouble very quickly.
If young children are
left alone, they can get themselves into all sorts of trouble very
quickly.
2) Being left alone,
young children can get themselves into all sorts of trouble very
quickly.
If young children are being
left alone, they can get themselves into all sorts of trouble very
quickly. (It sounds rather awkward(很怪).)
3) Having been left
alone, young children can get themselves into all sorts of trouble
very quickly.
If young children have
been left alone, they can get themselves into all sorts of trouble
very quickly.
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the top(回页首)
9.Ask:
Can you explain the structure of this sentence? Can we say The use
of the telescope made it possible the growth of all our current
theories?
Answer: This
is an emphatic(强调) sentence. The normal order of this sentence should
be: The use of the telescope made the growth of all our current
theories possible. In this sentence, the object of "made"
is "the growth of all our current theories" which is put
at the end of the sentence because of the length." If we put
"it possible for", what do you think it stands for? If
we put "it possible for all our current theories to grow"
I think it is right.
10.Ask: How
to say 办公室主任 in English
Answer: 中文的“办公室主任”常常指“行政”，“总务”，“内勤”一类
的办公室的主管，这类办公室在机构内属于staff（幕僚）类的辅助机构， 该译为administration office或admin'
department。主任的译法你可以 自选。例如chief admin' officer；manager, administration；如果你的
“办公室”只是指“大家坐到一块儿干活的地方”，仅指一个“部门”， 不带有中文的“总务部门”，“内勤部门”之意，比如“采购办”，那就
实际上是一个functional的部门，可以采用director, purchasing department 之类的译法，把办公室改称为“部”,办公室主任译为“director"。
11.Ask: What
does "CEO" stand for?
Answer: It stands for "chief
executive officer".
12. ask: 儿童是否开始注意认读？是否学习音标？为什么单词记不住？
Answer:
1. 关于认读的问题
我认为在儿童学习英语初期，应该把听说放在首位，特别是在小学学习阶段。 你说汉语重视认读，但实事上，它的听说已先走一步了，在一岁时就开始，甚至更早，在怀孕时就开始了，应该说大家公认的学习英语
“法则” 始终是听说领先，读写跟上。我认为这是对的。
2. 关于学习音标的问题
我赞成学尽早的学习音标，但学的要对，要准。否则不如不学。 可以这样说，中国人在英语发音方面100%没问题的没有多少，可以说包括我自己，单词发准了这只是第一步，（况且有些单词用老外的话说，你们很难或不能发正确），单词要放到句子里，句子要表达一定的意义。他们的读法会发生变化。我建议在孩子学音标的同时，你也应该学习音标，这样就能纠正孩子，或老师的明显错误。你要知道孩子学
“会” 了一个错误发音，需要几倍，甚至几十倍的努力才能把它纠正过来。
3. 关于记不住单词的问题
单词学了，又忘掉了，这是正常现象，问题是要不断的重复和认知。儿童也好，成人也好，他们容易忘掉的一个重要的原因是学着记住它们，而不是在用的同时记住它们，也就是说，它们是“纸上谈兵”。你知道我们在教小孩认知
“热” 时，我们会在把一些热的东西摆在他们面前，不断的说热，但开始小孩不知道什么是热，当它挨烫一两次后，他才知道什么是热，而且不会忘掉。第二个原因是学单词时，只是孤立的记忆，没有和它们代表的意义联系起来，我说的是词的意义，而不是相对应的中文意思。英语单词是一词多义的，而且有时很难用汉语表达清楚。要在单词不断重复的同时，注意它出现的不同场景。儿童不认识学过的单词了，他/她可能不是真的不认识，而是觉得和原来学的不一样了，不是原来那句话，那个场景了。就象你换了一个发型和装束，包括你的举止，孩子第一反应可能是：这还是我妈妈吗？当你不断变换，孩子都知道你是妈妈时，他/她才真正认识了你，这和学单词一样的道理。
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13. Ask: What's the meaning
of this sentence?
All banking charges other than issuing bank including
reimbursement and cable charges are for account of beneficiary.
Answer: 所有银行但开证银行除外，各种费用包括偿还和电汇费用都有收益人支付。
14. Ask: 英语 “音的同化” 的发音规则。它的英文怎么翻译。
Answer: "Assimilation" is the term for the process
by which a sound is modified(改变) so that it becomes similar to a
nearby sound. For example, the prefix in- becomes im- in impossible
by assimilation(同化) the labial p of possible.
I don't think there are fixed rules for this
and I don't think it very important in English pronunciation but
you must pay attention to two sounds that are often used. One is
【
t 】
which is followed by 【
ju: 】
and the other 【
d 】
by 【
ju; 】
as in
the sentence " Glad to meet you." and " Would you
please help me?"
15. Ask: 如何提高英语听力？
Answer:
1. It takes time to practise listening so you must know you
have to do it everyday and do it with your heart and soul.
2. I don't know your level in listening now. If not very good and
if you don't want to spend money in buying books, you can just use
the tapes you have in your middle school and colleges and universities.
3. Books and tapes are not very important. You must do it according
to a certain way. You'd better do it in two ways. One is extensive
listening and the other is intensive listening.
4. For the intensive listening, you can start to listen to the taps
you learned in your middle school. You write them down when you
listen. Listen to it again and again until you can understand them
clearly and quickly. Then choose a listening course book and do
it in the same way.
5. For the extensive listening, you can listen to the radio and
TV, first Chinese speakers then native speakers. VOA special English
and BBC slow English is very good resources. You can visit some
sites and listen to the listening materials. I think the problem
is not the materials but it is the one that you can do it systematically
and persistently.
6. Here is some advice on your listening. You can improve your listening
only through listening a great deal and there is no shortcut. First,
you should have the right pronunciation of the words in your mind
so learn to pronounce them correctly. Then, you try to catch the
meaning of the sentence but not the separate meanings of the words,
that is, do not concentrate on words too much but on the meaning
as a whole. Third, pay attention to the liaison(连读), loss of explosion(失去爆破)and
assimilation(同化) of the words. Lastly, pay attention to the stressed
words and guess the meaning through the intonation(语调).
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the top(回页首)
16. 问：我是英语专业的一名学生,我想考研究生,请问考哪个方向比较好?
如何准备考试?我对文学不感兴趣。
Answer: In my opinion, you should have these
points in your mind.
1. What is your most interesting topics? Choose the one you are
most interested in.
2. Which subject will be easy to find a good job? Choose the one
you can easily find a job you like and with handsome pay.
3. What is your advantage now? Your study, your department and your
school now favorite the study you are going to choose.
4. Do you have some relationship with the school and the professor
you are applying for? Choose the one you have some acquaintance
with.
5.Finally, is it easy for you to get the books and references for
your study?
Those are my suggestions just for your reference only.
17. 问：本人要在一个月后，就要考雅思了，希望能赶得急，望能得到老师的指点。谢谢
Answer:I think the time is very pressing
for you at the moment. I don't know your level and your education
background but anyhow I have these suggestions for your reference
only.
1. Try to memorize as much vocabulary as possible.
2. Try to read some compositions and learn them by heart if good
enough.
3. try to listen to the English tape recorded by native speakers
everyday in order that you can understand the native speaker.
4. Try to find some real IELTS papers if you can find and do it
to test yourself.
5. Try to find some persons who took the test and talk with them
about the test.
6. Try to be confident and believe you can be successful.
18. 问：請趙老師給我推荐一套您認為比較好的較適用於初級學習英語者的書籍.
Answer: I advise you to use software instead
books. I think maybe "From Zero" made by Human(Hong En)
Company is proper for you.
19.问：英文撰写及口语中，想达到措词非常得体，有没有很有帮助的参考书可以推介？很多书及网站介绍得都很笼统，往往只举个把例句了事，借鉴意义不大。我虽然也不怕辛苦一直在利用一切机会揣摩词的微妙差别，可这样想达到自己希望的程度短时期显然很难，焦急自是难免。还请赵老师指一条明路！
答：You are asking a very good question. It
is not very easy to say the proper words at the proper situation.
That is the stylistics in English. Please read this book. <<英语文体学引论>>
王佐良 等编著
20.问：赵老师，您好。我是天津一大四学生，英语还是初中水平，至今没过四级，我
现在正在玩命背单词，词组，但我还是没底，还有两个月就考试了，What can I do yet ？
答：I think you should make a good plan for
it.
1. Try to remember 10 words a day.
2. Try to read a short passage a day.
3. Try to listen to some English you can follow a day.
4 Try to do some grammar exercises a day.
5. Try to translate some sentences a day
6. Try to write a short paragraph a day.
7. Most important of all, do it every day with your heart and soul.
21. 问：赵老师，我想请教一下如何把学过的词汇和句型运用到写作中去而不会造成句子的不通顺，我是否应该背一些常用的句子来提高写作水平呢？
Answer:It doesn't seem easy to answer your
questions but still I want to give you some advice.
1) You must know basic grammar and try not to make any grammar mistakes.
2) You must learn some sentence patterns and the structures.
3) You must make sure the phrases, collocations and idioms are correct.
4) Your words that are used in your sentence must be correct in
meaning not just in the sentence but the whole passage.
5) Try to express your ideas in English way not Chinese way.
22. 问：学英语让我觉得压力大得透不气,要背的知识点太多了,单词更是让人怯步,再加上我的基础不好,真是觉得无从下手,很希望您能给我一点宝贵的建议。我是不是应该去社会上的英语学校学一下,对于我这种情况您觉得有没有比较适合的呢?
Answer:
Sorry. I don't know what level of English you are and what situation
are in and what age you are. But I want to give you the suggestions
as follows:
根据你学习目的。
据你现有的水平。
根据你现有的条件。
选择适合您的一套英语教材。
选择适合你的几套英语学习软件。
选择适合你的一些中外英语学习网站。
选择合适你的几套英语广播/电视节目。
选择合适你的一个英语学习培学校。(如果你有时间，有这部分资金）
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23. 請問一個問題:ahead of,in
front of,before的區別在哪里?
Answer: These three prepositions can somehow
be interchangeable. They can be used in two ways
(1)Location
The dog is in front of (before, ahead of) me.
Here "in front of" and " before" are nearly
the same but "ahead of" means a distance farther away.
When we say something moving, we generally
use "before", for example: The dog is running before me.
(2)Time
We can't use "in front of" to express time but we can
use the other two. We normally use " ahead of" in the
phrases like: ahead of time, ahead of times. We use "before"
this way.
I can finish my work before 5:00. Here same as "by".
24. 我需請教的問題如下:
1.Breakfast is the first ( ) of the day. A.dinner. B.meal.
Ask : the correct answer is "B",why?
2.Arrive后共可以接哪些介詞?它們的區別在哪里?
3.For 與Because都能表示原因?他們有何區別?
Answer:
1. "dinner" is the biggest meal of the day. Normally
we say the meal in the evening is "dinner".
2. We can say "arrive" in or at. "In" follows
a big place while "at" a small one. We say he arrived
in Beijing yesterday but he arrived at the office after 10 o'clock.
3. The two conjunctions both express reason. "because"
is the strongest one in four (other two "since" and "as")to
show the reason and "for" is the weakest one. For example,
He didn't come because he was ill.
The ground is wet for it rained yesterday.
25. 问：我觉得语法太难记了,常常学了新的,回过头一看先学的要点又忘了.
不知道怎么才能牢牢记住.尤其是非谓语动词,总是弄不明白怎么用! 对了,您觉得逆向英语适合什么样的人学,我这样的适合吗,效果会不会好?
Answer: Don't purely learn grammar but do
with the content. Grammar comes from language. Learn it and use
it in your study. Read the grammar about none-predicate in my site
and you will get to learn it. I am sorry I don't know your level
so I don't know Zhong Daolong's method is suitable for you or not.
Why not try it. You will know things better by doing it not just
by thinking.
26. Ask: I sometimes find
it very difficult to put some English sentences into Chinese though
there are very few new words in them. I'd appreciate it if you can
give me some help in translating the following sentences into Chinese
ones.
1. This forthright solution has the further advantage that sales
taxation can be employed with fair efficiency by states and even
by cities.
2. As wants are contrived for private goods, more revenues are provided
for public use. The general property tax, the principal alternative
to the sales tax, is rigid and inflexible.
答： For your reference only.
1.各州甚至各城市可采取有效的方法征销售税，这种做法直截了当，好处更多。
2. 由于个人财产的增加，更多的税收用于公共事业，一般的财产税，作为销售税的主要变通，是固定不变。
27. 我是无意中发现这个网站的，对英语学习者来说真是太好了。我想请你讲讲关于英语语法中否定移位的知识。我找了很久，都没有在网上找到。谢谢了。
答：否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters
on the street.
在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said
so. (否定Because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother
saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
28. Could you tell me what are i.e. and e.g.
stand for, and what are their originate form? like ad, it stands
for advertisement.
Answer:
i.e. stands for id est (Latin) that is
e.g.stands for exempli gratia.(Latin) for example
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