冠词是用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,是泛指还是特指的词。冠词是一种虚词。
冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The Definite Article)a,
an是不定冠词,the是定冠词。
an, a是不定冠词,仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念。a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前,
an用在以元音(指元素音素)开头的词前,如:
a boy an hour
a history class an island
a university an elephant
a hero an old man
不定冠词的用法:
1. 表示人或事物的某一类
A steel worker makes steel.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2. 表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。
This is an apple.
His father is a teacher.
3. 泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人何物。
A comrade is waiting for you downstairs.
I met an old man on my way to school.
4. 表示“一个”的意思
He will be back in a day or two.
He tried to send a picture of a face.
5. 有时也表示“每”的意思
We have three meals a day.
我们一日三岁.
He walks ten miles an hour.
他一小时走10英里。
We have six classes a day.
我们一天上六节课。
He drives the car at thirty miles an hour.
如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数,只把不定冠词去掉还不行,还得补上一个数词或不定代词(some, any)
The plan will be ready in a few days.
这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时,就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。
定冠词的用法:
定冠词the具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。用在以辅音音素开头的词前读[e?
],用在以元音音素开头的词前读[ei ] ,在特别强调时读[ei:]。
II定冠词的基本用法:
1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
Give me the book.
Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li?
How do you like the film.
Have you got the letter?
2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
Where is the teacher?
Open the door.
3. 复述上文提过的人或事物。
I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.
4. 世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)
The sun rises in the east.
The earth goes round the sun.
the globe, the universe.
the atmosphere大气层
5. 用在方位名词前
in the south, in the west ,in the north
6. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前
The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.
He is the tallest one in our class.
7、表示两者间“较……的一个”时用定冠词
The older of the two noblemen took a light.
He is the taller of the two boys.
8. 用在单数可数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。
The horse is a useful animal.
9. 定冠词用在形容词前,表示一类人或东西。
The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf
10. 冠词可用在党派、阶级、民族名词前
The Chinese people中华民族
The working class 工人阶级
The Communist Party
11、用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人,或这一姓的夫妇二人。
The Lius live upstairs.
The Johns are watching TV.
12、在乐器前加the
the piano the violin
13、在习惯性短语中
in the morning in the afternoon
14、在人或物后有限定性的后置定语
The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.
15、代替所有格代词,表示人体的一部分
He received a blow on the head
他头上挨了一击。
John’s brother took him by the hand.
约翰的哥哥牵着他的手。
16、在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。
In the 1980s或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代
in the nineteenth century 二十世纪
17、专有名词前冠词的用法。
1. 在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。
the Changjang River 长江
the Hudson River 哈得孙河
the West Lake 西湖
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Yellow Sea 黄海
the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河
the English Channel 英吉利海峡
the Persian Gulf 波斯湾
the British Isles 布列颠群岛
2. 在含有普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。
the Great Wall 长城
the Summer Palace 颐和园
the United States 美国
the October Revolution 十月革命
the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军
the Long March 长征
3. 在某些建筑物前
the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂
the Museum of Chinese History 历史博物馆
4. 在某些组织机构前
the United Nations 联合国
the Department of Education 教育部
⑤节日名:New Year’s Day 新年,元旦
Women’s Day 妇女节
Labour Day 劳动节
Children’s Day儿童节
April Fools’ Day愚人节
National Day国庆节
Thanksgiving Day感恩节
Christmas Day圣诞节
但我国的节日前用定冠词
the Spring Festival春节
the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节
但也有一些专有名词前不加冠词
1. 街名:Wang Fu Jing Street王府井大街
Naking Road南京路
2. 广场名:Tian An Men Square天安门广场
3. 公园名:Pei Hai Park北海公园
Hyde Park海德公园
4. 大学名:Beijing University北京大学
Zhejiang University浙江大学
但也可说the University of Beijing the University of Zhejiang
什么时候不用冠词
1. 在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词
The desk is made of wood.
What is work? Work is struggle.
2. 专有名词前不加冠词
Canada, Beijing ,Lei Feng
3. 名词前有物主代词指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时
this, my,that, those, these, her
4、月份,星期,季节前不用冠词
Sunday March summer winter
5、在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词
Horses are useful animals.
My mother and father are school teachers.
6、当一个名词用作表语,冈位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现刻的职位或头衔时,前面不用冠词。
He is chairman of the Students’ Union. 他是学生会主席。
They elected him president of the U.S. 他们选他当美国总统。
这里指的职位大体是指独一的职位,“主席”、“主任”都只有一个,如不是独一的要加不定冠词。
She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师
7、在三餐前不用冠词。
breakfast, lunch, supper 如这些词前有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。
I had a good lunch yesterday.
I have breakfast at 7 every day.
8、在球类,棋类名词前不用冠词。
Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess
※抽象名词,物质名词前不用冠词,但后有定语修饰加the。
He is fond of music.
The music of the film is very beautiful.
Science is making rapid progress in China.
科学正在中国飞速发展。
Physics is the science of matter and energe.
物理学是物质和能量的科学。
考查冠词的用法,是中考试题中常见的考点。冠词分为不定冠词a(an),定冠词the和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种形式。
一、不定冠词
1. 表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。
例如:
(1) That is a pen, not a pencil.
那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)
(2) Give him a pear, please!
请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个)
(3) Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.
听!有个男孩正在教室里唱歌。(不具体说明是何人)
2. 表示数量:这种用法主要表示“一”的意思,但它并不强调数目的概念,它所表示“数”的概念没有“one”强烈,它不能和two,
three等形成对比关系。
例如:
(1) There is a cat under the chair.
椅子下面有一只猫。(表示“一”的概念)
(2) Kate has one ruler, but Meimei has two rulers.
凯特有一把尺子,梅梅有两把。(形成了对比关系,表“数”的概念较强,句中的“one”不能用“a”代替)
3. 表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。
例如:three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo等。
4. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。
例如:He lives in a village far from here.
二、定冠词
1. 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
例如:
(1) Do you know the girl in a red skirt?
你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?(特指人)
(2) Beijing is the capital of China.
北京是中国的首都。(特指物)
2. 再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。
例如:
Tom has an apple, the apple is big and red.
汤姆有个苹果,苹果又大又红。
3. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。
例如:
(1) Let’s go and give it to the teacher.
咱们去把它交给老师吧。(双方都知道是哪位老师)
(2) Open the door,please!
请打开门。(双方都知道是哪个门)
4. 用于某些固定词组中。
例如:
in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。
5. 用在形容词前表示一类人。
6. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。
例如:
The Whites are spending their holiday in England.
7. 用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。
三、零冠词
所谓零冠词,即指不使用冠词的情况:
1. 在星期、月份、节假日等名词前;
2. 当名词前有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose等代词时;
3. 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前。
(定西中学 张铃)
不定冠词是限定词中的一类,是一种虚词,一般用来修饰单数可数名词,但有时也可修饰不可数名词。
一、类别用法
1.除表示某一类人或事物外,用在作补足语和同位语的名词之前,泛指某人的职业、阶级等。例如:
Mr Zhang is considered(to be)an excellent English teacher.
Wang Ling,amaths teacher,is to give us a lecture tomorrow.
但如果这一职位在一个时期内只由一个担任或表示称号、头衔时,则不用冠词。例如:
In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United
States.
2.在名词带有一个描绘性定语时用不定冠词。例如:
I’m going to borrow’a French novel to read.(描绘性不定式)
A certain boy saw a big dog run out of the gate last Sunday.(描绘性形容词。常在讲故事时用,
表明讲故事的人心中的具体人,但尚未告诉人们是谁)
二、指量用法
1.不定冠词除表示“一个”(I’ll be back in a day or two.)及“每一”(Take the medicine
th ree times a day)的意义之外,在“of+a+名词”的结构中,表示“同一”、“相同”之意。例如:
Comrade Li and I are nearly of an age.老李跟我年龄大致相同。
My elder brother’s shoes and mine are of a size.我哥哥的鞋跟我的一样大小(一个号)。
2.a与One同源。但强调数目概念时用“One”,并要重读。例如:
There’s only'one way to go.
No'one boy can carry it.
试比较:
I have a picture book.(并非强调一本)
I have'One picture book.(只有一本,没有两本、三本)。
三、用在不可数名词前,表示有一种特殊含义
1.用在一些表示动作的名词(reat,walk,look,try,sleep,breath…)之前表示“一次”、“一下”、“
一会儿”等。例如:
Let’s have a rest.
He made a second try.
After looking round,he decided to have a look upstairs.
2.表示“一种”、“一类”。例如:
“You don’t understand,”said Joe,a cruel light shining in hiseyes.“你不懂,”乔说,眼睛里
闪着(一种)凶狠的光。
As a child,he had to make a living.
3.表示风、雨等的“一阵”。例如:
An hour later,he was woken up by a violent knocking on his door.
That’s why we are most likely to see worms after a heavy rain.
4.表示“某种程度”。例如:
China has a population of over one billion.
A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold.
He seemed to be in a fever.
5.表示饮料的“一份”、“一种”。例如:
Mao-tai is a famous Chinese wine.
I want a black coffee.
四、其他用法
1.常用在quite,few,rather,many,half,such,what等词之后。例如:
He is rather a fool.
What a wonderful film you have seen.
He has been to Lanzhow many a time.(=many times)
又如:half an hour,quite a big…
2.常用在so(as,too,how)+形容词之后。例如:
She is as clever a girl as you wish to meet.
It’s too difficult a lesson for us to understand.
We have not had so cold a day as this for many weeks.
How fine a day it is!
定冠词用法小结口诀
a.口诀
1.有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the);
the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze
River
The Great Lakes(五大湖);Lake Erie(伊利湖)
2.有球无星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus;
3.有山无峰:The Huangshan Mountains(黄山);Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰);
Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山).
4.有独无欧(偶):独一无二的,the earth,the moon,the sun用the;
欧洲等七大洲不用the.
Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South America,Antarctica,Oceania
5.有(足)族无球(运动):种族用the:the Indians(印第安人);球类运动
baseball,basketball
6.有文无章:历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the
The Constitution(宪法); chapter one
7.学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;
The University of Fudan; Fudan University
在早上①,望着东方②升起的太阳③弹钢琴④,是我的第一⑤件事,也是最有趣的⑥事。
只要记住上面划线的词或短语须用定冠词,再以此类推,举一反三,即可记住须用定冠词的场合。
① in the morning 类推: in the afternoon /evening 在下午/傍晚
例外: at night/noon 在深夜/中午
② in the east 类推(方位名词前一般用the): in the west/south/north/middle
在西文/南方/北方/中间
③The sun 类推(世上独一无二的事物前一般用the): the moon /sky/world月亮/天空/世界
④Play the piano 类推 (乐器前一般用the): play the guitar弹吉它;play the
violin 拉小提琴
⑤ first 类推(序数词前一般用the) : the second/fifth /twelfth 第二/五/十二
⑥ The most interesting 类推(形容词最高级前一般用the):the hottest 最热的;the
most important 最重要的
1. 表示两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的名词前一般应重复,即都要用冠词。
Read the fifth and the last paragraph of this text.
读本篇课文的第五段和最后一段。
We have a black cat and a white dog.
我们养了一只黑猫和一只白狗。
2. 两个以上的名词作同一个主词的补语时,冠词一般不重复;如果要强调同一个人的两种身分时,则重复冠词。
Her father is a writer and actor.
她父亲是作家兼演员。
Her father is a writer and an actor.
她的父亲既是作家又是演员。
3. 当两个以上的名词指同一个人或物,或指整体的一部分时,冠词只用一个。
Have you an English and Chinese dictionary?
你有一本英汉字典吗?
4. 在不会引起误会和歧义时,冠词可不重复。
The noun is the name of a person or thing.
名词是人或物的名称。
thing前省去了不定冠词a。
5. 冠词和某些习惯上已形成固定搭配的名词连用时不重复。
Have you got a needle and thread here?
你这里有针线吗?
Please give me a knife and fork.
请给我一副刀叉。
6. 在报纸或文章的标题、广告、电影注释中可省略冠词。
Boy Wanted
招聘男侍者一人
7. 商业信函、电报或文件通常省略冠词。
Insurance covers risks against breakage and war.
保险包含破碎险和战争险。
冠词冠词是放在名词前,表达该名词在谈话人心目中是泛指、类指还是特指三种情况。1. 零冠词表示泛指。即无确定范围,时间,地点的假设,想象事物,泛指的不可数物质名词,抽象名词和可数名词复数常用零冠词.1)泛指物质名词。如:"水火无情""water
and fire takes no pity on anyone""水加热变气""Water
will change into stream when it is heated。"对比鉴别:"水有毒""大火延续了五个小时"这个"水、火"就不是假设、想象、泛指,而是实际存在,说话听话的人都了解的特指事物。这个"水,火"必须用定冠词表示特指:The
water is poisonous. The fire lasted for five hours.还要注意,独一无二的天体要用the
,the sun,the world ,the sky,the earth,the moon,the stars,2)泛指抽象名词:"我爱音乐"I
like music." "工作就是斗争""Work is struggle.对比鉴别:A.有确定范围限制的抽象名词要用the:"这电影的音乐很美"
The music is wonderful.""我在学校工作,工作很辛苦."I work
in the school,The work is hard." B.表示特定情况,特定范围的"一种""一场""一次"体验或事情的抽象名词用a
,特别是前面有形容词修饰的物质名词和抽象名词,又能用"一种""一场""一次""一番"修饰时,更要用a.如It
is a pleasure to talk with you. my birthday party was a great
success.注意:fun, news, weather, information, advice, progress,永远不可数3)泛指的可数名词复数.也是假设,想象,无确定范围,时间,场所限制的可数名词复数.如"人是伟大的""Man
is great。""学生怕考试""Students fear to be examed。"这里的"人""学生"都是任意范围,任意时期的空泛的事物。4).可数名词抽象化:a.不表示具体地方而主要表示一种经常普遍的活动.象go
to school/hospital/church b.抽象的方式:by bus/bike/carWe had a good
time in town last Sunday. I wish I could do something for you
in return. 5).语言或学科的名词前:He can speak not only English but also
Japanese. 6.)季节、月份、星期、节日等名词前:Autumn is the season of harvest.
]The Autumn of 2004 June 1st is Children's Day. We have English
classes on Monday and Thursday. 7).球类运动或棋类游戏名称前:They all like
to play football. .有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等修饰的名词前,不能说a my book,his the
house, your that baby.our each age:Each age has its pleasures
and pains(痛苦). Each of his friends sent him a deferent gift.All
students used to make a mistake in their homework.All of the
students in our class have heard the news.This is my book .This
is one of my books.9).大多数专有名词前: Do you know Nanjing Road in
Shanghai? 10).表示称呼语的名词之前以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如: He was chosen president./chatrman/monitor/captainWhat's
wrong,Granny? Doctor Liu is a scientist. 11).用于表示家庭成员或nurse,cook,
teacher等具有our nurse(cook,teacher)意义时: Teacher was very pleased
with our work. Mother was being made up to look like the ideal(理想的),middle-aged
housewife. 12).表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。例如:in purple,Japanese(日语),
Britain(英国)等。13).一日三餐的名称前: Have you had breakfast? 2. 不定冠词
a 表示个体类指,是指整类中不确定的随意一个,常用场合:1)目标不确定的可数名词单数:"有男孩在哭"。A
boy was crying"我要买钢笔" I want to buy a pen "一夫当关,万夫莫开"If
a soldier guard in the place ,even ten thousand enemy soldiers
can't enter it。
他在大学当老师.He was a teacher in a college.
2)表示"一场""一次""一种"特定范围,特定时间,特定对象的物质名词,抽象名词。a
+形容词+抽象/物质名词 a heavy rain ,a strong wind ,a bad cold ,My exam
is a success .常与a连用的名词有time, death, life, education, kindness,pleasure
3.)示"一"这个数量,但数的概念不如one强烈。如
I have a mouth(嘴),a nose(鼻子),two eyes(眼)and two ears(耳朵).
One flower can't make spring.
4)用于某些固定词组中。如:
have a seat,have a rest,a little(一点儿)等等。
注意:使用a和an时应切记:元音开头的单词(或字母)前用an;辅音开头的单词(或字母)前用a。其关键在于:是"元音"而不是"元音字母",也就是看"音(音标)"而不是看"形(字母)"。如:
There is an"r"f" "u"in the word"under".
单词"under"里有一个"r"和一个"u"。
That is a banana,not an apple.
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。如:
The girl in the hat is my sister.
The books on the desk are Lin Tao's.
2.指说话双方都知道的人或事物。如:
-Where are the pictures?
-They are on the wall.
Let's go to the classroom.
4.世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun,the moon,the earth等。
5.序数词或形容词最高级前。如:
Sunday is the first day of the week.
Kate is the tallest of the three girls.
6.由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall(长城),the People's Park(人民公园)等。
7.用在乐器前。如: play the piano /the violin play football
8.用在一些习惯用语中。如:
by the way,look the same,in the same class等等。
People have always dreamed of flying high up into space.
He is such a tall boy.
He is so tall a boy.
work 工作不可数 You have done good
work
a good job
work 作品 an art work
冠词练习
1."__knowledge is power." Francis Bacon proved __
truth over 400 years ago.
A. A; / B. The; an C. The; the D. /; the
2.Many people agree that __a_ knowledge of English is a must
in __x_ international trade today. ( NMET'96)
A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D. /; the
3.(A. The B. x C.A)fire is of great use to human beings.
4.(A. The B. x C.A) fire gave Crusoe some warmth ,he began to
feel better.
5.(A. The B. x C.An) iron n the box is collected by my grandpa.
6.-I'd like _ information about the management of your hotel,
please.
-Well, you could have a word with the manager. He might be helpful.(NMET'95)A.
some; a B. an;some C.some;some D. an; a
7.It's _a shame you should have missed such a nice film.
A. shame B. a shame C. the shame D. shameful
8.Word ame that the college entrance examination of 2003 will
be carried out ahead of time.
A. A word B. The word C. Words D. Word
9.Finally they got to __a_ place which had never been visited
by __x_ men.A./;/ B. a; / C. the; the D. the;/
10. Many people are still in _the habit of writing silly things
in ___x_ public places. (NMET'93)
A. the; the B./; / C. the; / D. /; the
11. The warmth of _the eater will of course be determined by
the sort of ___x wool used. (NMET2000)
A. the; the B. the; / C. /;the D. /;/
12.Alexander Graham Bell invented _the telephone in 1876. (MET'91)A.
/ B. a C. the D.one
13. As a businessman, he is in great need of ___a mobile phone.
A. a B. the C. one D. /
14.She is _a__ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already
made some important discoveries.
A. the; the B. the; / C. a; / D. a;the (NMET'94)
15. _One swallow(燕子)does not make a summer, which is ____ famous
saying.
A. One; a B. A; the C. A; a D.The; one
16.Paper money was in __x_ use in China when Marco Polo visited
the country in ____ thirteenth century. (NMET'99)
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /
17. - Who did you spend last weekend with﹖
- _____. (上海'98)
A. Palmer's B. The Palmers' C. The Palmers D. The Palmer's
18. - Where did you spend last night﹖
- _____.
A. Palmer's B. The Palmers'C. The Palmers D. The Palmer's
19.It is ____ work of art that everyone wants to have a look
at it. (上海'98)
A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual
20. What we are carrying out is ____ information revolution
A. such great B. so great C. such great an D. so great an
21.The dark clouds suggest that ____ is soon coming.
A. the snow B. the heavy snow C. a heavy snow D. heavy snow
22. I usually play ____ piano for an hour after __ supper.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; /D. /;the
23. He plays ____ football very well and has twice been chosen
____ captain of the team.
A./; the B. the;/ C. a; the D. /; /
24(A.The B. A)Life is always presenting new things to (A.the
B. x)children.
25.(A.The B. x)Iron(铁)and steel(钢)play (A.the B. anC.x)important
role in (A.the B. x)industry.
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词
China 中国 Europe 欧洲
Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词
January 一月份 Sunday 星期日
Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节
National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节
比较: ...on a Sunday morning.
在一个星期天的早晨... (表示某一个。)
3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have lunch at school.
我在学校吃午餐。
Summer is the best season for swimming.
夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较: I had a big lunch yesterday.
昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。(表示某一个)
The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.
史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。(表示特指)
比较: I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。
(表示特指)
4. 进行球类运动
play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球
play football 踢足球
5. 没有特指的物质名词
This cart is made of wood.
这辆手推车是用木头作的。
比较: The wood outside was all wet.
外面的那些木头都湿了。(表示特指)
6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词
Time is precious.
时间是宝贵的。
比较: The time of the play was 1990s.
这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。(表示特指)
7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。
8. 山峰
Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
9. 固定词组
go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉
go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去
at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院
at school 求学 in school 求学
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上
at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里
10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词
A boy came in, book in hand.
一个男孩进来,手上拿着书。
11. 泛指人类
Man is mortal.
人必有一死。
12. 在"kind of+名词 sort of+名词"句式中
What kind of flower is it?
这是什么花?
I like this sort of book.
我喜欢这种书。
13. 指职位、头衔的词,如king,captain,president,chairman 等。
He is (the) captain of the team.
他是球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open.
作为委员会主席,我宣布会议开始。
冠词在习惯用语中的用法
冠词用法讲解
冠词作为一种虚词,在英语中只能和名词一起使用。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
1.不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有两个,a 和 an。a用在辅音开头的单词前面;an用于以元音开头的单词前。如:a book, an apple。
1) 不定冠词用在但数可数名词前表示“某一个”。如:
There is a policeman at the door.
门口有个警察。
2) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前,表示“任何,每个”。如:
A car must be insured.
汽车一定要上保险。
A soldier must obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。
3) 不定冠词用于头一次出现的单数名词之前。如:
There is a box in the room. The box is heavy.
房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。
4) 不定冠词和名词连用作表语或同位语,主要说明某个人或东西所属类别。如:
She is a teacher. 她是个老师。
We all thought him a suitable person for the job.
我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人。
5) 定冠词用在价格、速度、比率等短语中。如:
six kilometers an hour 每小时60公里
3 times a day 每天三次
6) 不定冠词用在专有名词前。如:
He wants to buy a Kodak.他想买架柯达相机。
7)不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。如:
have a try试一下 take a break 休息一下 have a good time 玩得痛快
make a living 谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上 in a word 总而言之
2. 定冠词的用法
1) 定冠词和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。如:
Mother carved the meat into slices.
妈妈把肉切成了片。
2) 定冠词用于可数名词前,表示一类人或东西。如:
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
3) 定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前。如:
I got a letter yesterday. The letter was sent by e-mail.
我昨天接到了一封信。那信是电子邮件。
4) 定冠词用于有词组或者定语从句修饰的名词前。如:
He is investigating the cause of the fire.他正在调查这场大火的原因。
5) 定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前,表示一类人,一个民族,阶级或阶层。如:
the chinese 中国人 the rich 富人
the dead 死者 the deaf 聋人
6) 定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事。如:
Please close the door.请把门关上。
7) 定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如:
the sun 太阳 the earth 地球 the world世界
8) 定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序。如:
the third group 第三组
9) 定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。如:
This is the most intersting book I have ever read. 这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本。
10)定冠词在play后和乐器连用
play the piano弹钢琴 play the flute吹长笛
11)定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用,表示一家人。如:
The Blacks came to China in 1994.
布莱克一家是1994年来中国的。
12)定冠词的其他用法
the Changjiang River长江 the Red Sea 红海 (用于表示江河海洋的名词前)
the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡 the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥湾 (用于表示海峡海湾的名词前)
the Alps阿尔卑斯山 the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 (用于山脉沙漠的名词前)
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国(用于国家名称)
the National Gallery国家美术馆 the Military Museum 军事博物馆(用于公共建筑名前)
the State Council国务院 the Senate参议院 the House of Representatives
众议院 (用于机关、团体名词前)
the Geneva Agreement日内瓦协议 the Washington Post 华盛顿邮报 (用于报刊、条约之前)
3.不用冠词的情况
1) 表示独一无二的职务、身份前一般不用冠词。如:
Elizabeth II, Queen of England 英国女王伊丽莎白二世
He was elected chairmen of the committee.他当选为协会主席。
2) 表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。如:
play football 踢足球 play chess下象棋
3) 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。如:
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
4) 交通工具名词前不用冠词
by car坐汽车 by ship 坐船
by plane坐飞机 on foot 步行
5) 在一些地点的名词,如:bed, church, school, hospital,home, work等。当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时,不加冠词。
go home回家 go to school去上学 go to church去教堂祈祷
in hospital住院 go to work上班
注:如果在上述词组前面加上定冠词the,可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如:
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.他来学校和校长谈话。
He went to the church to see the carvings.他去教堂看雕刻。
His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to
take care of her.
他妈妈生病住院了,他就一直在医院里面照顾她。
4.泛指概念的四种表达方式
1) 不带the 的不可数名词可以表示泛指
I like music.我喜欢音乐。
2) 不带the 的复数可数名词表示泛指。
Bananas are yellow.香蕉是黄色的。
3) “the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指
The elephant is the largest land mammal.大象是陆地上最大的哺乳动物。
4) “不定冠词a/an+单数可数名词” 可以表示泛指。
A dog makes good pet.狗是很好的宠物。
英语中冠词共有三个:不定冠词a和an及定冠词the。冠词虽少,用法却很多。
▲不定冠词a/an的用法主要有:
1. 指人或事物属于某一种类。如:
I'm a student.(是学生而不是其他)
2. 表类别,以个体代替整体。如:
An elephant is much bigger than a tiger.
3. 表示 “一”的概念,但意味没有one那样强烈。如:
Jim has an apple every morning.
4. 表示单位,作“每一”讲。如:three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo
5. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人、何物。如:
A Mr Wang is waiting for you outside.
He lives in a village far from here.
▲定冠词the的用法主要有:
1. 表示特指某人或某物。如:
The book on the desk is mine.
Beijing is the capital of China.
2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。如:
There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white.
3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。如:
the earth, the sun
4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如:
Let's go to the park, shall we?
5. 用在作定语的序数词前。如:
He is always the first person to come.
6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。如:the rich, the old, the deaf, the wounded
7. 用在乐器名称前。如:
play the violin
8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。如:
The Whites are spending their holiday in England.
9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如:
the People's Park, the Golden Gate Bridge
▲不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有:
1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。如:
Water and air are important to us.
Wisdom is better than strength.
2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some, any等代词的情况下。如:
I want this car, not that car.
There is some water in the cup.
3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如:
There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
School begins on September 1.
March 8th is Women's Day.
特例:1)中国的传统节日要加the。如:the Spring Festival
2)表示一段特定时间、月份、季节前须加定冠词。如:
in the October of 1958
4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如:
I have breakfast at six in the morning.
They play football every day.
I prefer science to physics.
特例:当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时,要加不定冠词。如:
They had a good dinner yesterday.
5. 在称呼和头衔前。如:
What's the matter with you, Granny?
It's the order of Captain Li.
6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前。如:Nanjing Road, Tian'anmen
Square .
通常情况下,冠词位于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物。若名词前有形容词修饰,冠词通常置于形容词之前,但在下列情况,冠词位置会有不同。
1. 当名词由both或all修饰时,定冠词the须放在both或all之后。如:
All the students in the class went to the park last Sunday.
上周班里所有的学生都去了公园。
Both the customers are from America. 这两个顾客都是美国人。
2. 当名词由half或twice等修饰时,half和twice等均置于不定冠词a(an)或定冠词the之前。如:
My mother goes to the suppermarket twice a week. 我妈妈一周去两次超市。
Half an hour later, the baby began to cry. 半小时后,婴儿开始哭起来。
3. such和what总是置于不定冠词a(an)之前。如:
I have never seen such an interesting film before. 我以前从未看过这样有趣的电影。
What a clever boy! 多聪明的孩子!
4. 形容词前有so, as, too, how修饰时,不定冠词a(an)须置于形容词之后、名词之前。如:
I haven't seen as / so interesting a book as this before.
我以前没有看过这么有趣的书。
How tall a building is! 它是多么高的一幢楼啊!
5. 副词quite和rather可置于不定冠词a(an)之前,也可置于其后。置于其前语气较强。如:
We all know she is quite a clever girl.我们都知道她是一个很聪明的女孩。
It is rather a long time since she came here. 她来这儿有相当长的一段时间了