英语主谓一致
一、主谓一致 主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，
概念一致（语言内容上一致），毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的
主语一致）。
1. 语法形式一致
1) 单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。
复数主语，用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作
主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：
(1) The performance was not very funny.
(2) Whether we'll go depends on the weather.
(3) Many natural materials are becoming scarce.
(4) Both you and I are students.
(5) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.
注1：在what 引导的主语从句中，如果主语补语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion.
注2：修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如：
The performance of the first three clowns was very funny.
2) 由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except,
but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less
than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导
的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如：
(1) My father, as well as my brother, has a key to the office.
(2) The man together with his wife and kids sits there watching TV.
(3) Her brother no less than you is wrong.
注：有时在with结构里，加上both之后，with就具有and含义。例如：
Tom with his son, both looking very happy, are taking a walk in the park.
3) 有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，
谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other,
another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody,
everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如：
(1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。)
(2) Everything around us is matter. (我们周围的所有东西都是物质。)
4) 在neither of与either of的结构里，一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也
可用复数形式，但在美国的TOEFL考试内要求用单数形式。例如：
(1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked hard.
(2) Has either of them been seen recently?
5) 当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动
词应该用单数形式；在and后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。例如：
(1) The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早饭供应黄油面包。)
(2) The bread and the butter are on sale. (正在出售黄油和面包。)
6) 当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语
时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
(1) One of those students has failed the examination.
(2) A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language
laboratory use.
7) form of, type of, kind of 结构的谓语视form, type与kind的单复数而定.
these/those kind/type of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。例如
(1) The kind of books an author writes depends on the kind of man who he is.
(2) Some new types of cars are now on show.
(3) These kind of recorders are not so good.
8)由one and a half + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如：
One and a half apples is left on the plate.
9) 由the majority of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如：
(1) The majority of the damage is easy to fix.
(2) The majority of criminals are non-violent.
10) plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of 等 +
可数与不可数名词作主语时，不可数名词的谓语只用单数，可数名词的谓语视可数
名词的单复数而定。例如：
(1) Half of this building is to be completed by spring.
(2) Half of the buildings have been painted completely.
(3) There is plenty of water in the pail.
(4) There are plenty of eggs in the box.
(5) There is loads of milk on the farm.
(6) There are loads of big red apples on the ground.
注：当名词前有其他量词修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常取决于量词。例如：
1) Row upon row of soldiers is marching towards us on the field.
2) A body of volunteers has been organized to aid the helpless in their
struggle for survival.
11) 由all of, most of, a lot of, some of, none of, plenty of , the rest
等 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单数形式应与名词一致。例如：
(1) None of the books satisfy my father.
(2) None of this meat is fit to eat.
(3) All of the research work was designed by the chief engineer.
(4) All of the students are against the plan for an outing at this time of
the term.
12) 由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词)，many a + 单数名词作主语，
谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
(1) More than one student has failed the examination.
(2) Many a boy learns to swim before he can walk.
注：如果more than后面是复数名词，则谓语动词要用复数。
例如：More than two hundred students have attended the lecture.
13) quantity of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式; quantities of + 可数与不
可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
(1) Great quantities of milk are needed in this city.
(2) There is a large quantity of milk.
14) 如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形
式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：
(1) Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed. (2) Two-thirds
of the people present are against the plan.
15) 定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如：
(1) He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
(2)“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an
accident.
注：当one之前有the only等限定词修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another project.
2.概念一致（语言内容上一致）
1) 有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group,
government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它们作
主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用
单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如：
(1) Her family is going to move.
(2) Her family are very well.
(3) The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park.
注：如这类词后跟有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则，强调
具体成员时，谓语动词用复数，关系代词用who; 强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，关系
代词用which。例如：
(1) The government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a
solution.
(2) The government which was responsible for this event attempted to find
solution.
2) 有些表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数
形式，如 people, police, militia, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。例如：
(1) Cattle were allowed to graze on the village common.
(2) The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.
3) 有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以ics
结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，它们作主语时，
谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
(1) Politics is a complicated business.
(2) Here is the news.
4) 用and连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词要用
单数形式。复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。
例如：
(1) Each pen and each paper is found in its place.
(2) Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.
(3) Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.
(4) The old workers and the young each have their own tools.
5) 表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：
(1) Ten miles is a long way to walk.
(2) Four pints isn't enough to get me drunk.
6) 国家、单位和书报的名称，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
(1) War and Peace is the longest book I've read.
(2) General Motors has recently closed down a plant.
7) the + 形容词作主语时，如主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指的是
单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
(1) The blind are taught trades in special schools.
(2) The departed was a good friend of his.
3.毗邻一致（就近原则）
1) 由连词or, neither…or, either…or, not only … also, nor等连接的并列主语，
谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。例如：
(1) He or you have taken her book.
(2) Either you or he is no telling the truth.
(3) Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
2) 在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如：
(1)There is a desk and four benches in the office.
(2)There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
二、指代一致
指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。
1. 人称一致
1)当代词指代名词或另一个代词时，须在人称上与所指代的词保持一致。例如：
(1) I recognized one of the girls, but I didn’t speak to her.
(2) That woman said that she was over fifty.
(3) They asked whom they should apply to.
2)当代词指代集合名词时，用单数人称代词强调整体，用复数人称代词强调个人。例如：
(1) The committee have discussed their report on the disaster.
(2) The audience are raising their hands to signify their approval.
3) 当everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody
等作主语时，相应的代词一般采用单数形式。例如：
(1) If anyone calls, tell him I'll be back in a minute.
(2) Everyone thinks he is the center of class.
注：在非正式文体中，特别是在会话体里，常用代词的复数形式是为了故意不具体说出
所指的那个人的性别。例如：
(1) Has anybody brought their camera?
(2) No one could blame themselves.
4) 由neither … nor, not only … but also, either … or, not … but, or等连结
的并列主语，其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。例如：
(1) Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?
(2) Both Tom and Jack came, didn't they?
2. 性、数、格一致
1)代词的性一般仅限于第三人称。例如：
(1) China will always do what she has promised to do.
(2) The boy stood at the door with his hat in his hand.
2) 当or或nor连接阳性名词或阴性名词时，代词一般和近者保持一致。例如：
(1) Neither Tom nor Mary has got what she wanted.
(2) If you should see Mary or Thomas, tell him the news.
3) 单数名词由and连接时，相应的代词一般用复数形式。例如：
(1) Food and rent are more expensive than they used to be.
(2) Tom and Jack spoke on the subject as if they were experts.
3. 应注意的问题
1) 当句子的主语是one, 并要在句子中多次出现时，一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后
面将出现的one或one’s;当one在句子中泛指人时，在反意疑问句中也可用you来代
替。例如：
(1) One should never blame his friends when he friends when he finds himself
in trouble.
(2) One can't be too careful, can you (one)?
主谓一致
知识总结归纳
（一）概述：
主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词，助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词做主语有人称和单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。
例句：
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
（二）语法一致：
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：
（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.
（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
② War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
⑤ Law and order has been established.
⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.
⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
④ Every minute and every second is precious.
2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.
4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
② Someone wants to see you.
（三）就近原则
由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
例句：
1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
4. George or Tom is wanted.
注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句：
1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
例句：
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.
（四）意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定
例句：
（1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
（4）None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。
例句：
（1）The class were all cheerful.
（2）The team were taking over some new plays.
（3）The group are reading the newspapers.
（4）The army is going to remain in this town.
（5）The army have rescued the travelers.
3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。
例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.
（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
难点突破
1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。
2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
【典型例题】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。
[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.
A. are B. is C. was D. has been
分析：either…or..连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。
[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.
A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted
分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。
[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.
—But the colour _____ me.
A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit
分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数，谓语用单数，故选择D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was
分析：family指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 谓语用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为were，故选择B。
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
分析：当定语从句先行词是“one of +复数形式”时， 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one之前有the only时， 定语从句则强调the only one，谓语动词用单数。另外，题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择D。
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.
A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained
分析：分数+名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决定，police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思，police 与train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选择D。
短文改错片段：
1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
分析：本句中主语Now my picture and the prize是复数形式，谓语动词is应改为are.
2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.
分析：本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行：根据句意：我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致，改为复数形式，strangers.
3. But not all information are good to society.
分析：主语information是不可数名词，are应改为is
【模拟试题】
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?
—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone
2. —Are these your sheep ?
—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.
A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding
3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy
girl with two bright eyes.
A. was B. are C. were D. there was
4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.
A. are B. is C. will be D. would be
5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is
【试题答案】
1. C
分析：本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成时。
2. A
分析：mine指my sheep 为复数形式。是主动语态。
3. A
分析：本句为倒装句。主语是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主语是a very shy girl，为单数，全句为过去时。
4. B
分析：全句的核心主语是Mr. Bush，为单数，全句为将来时。
5. C
分析：运用就近原则，谓语动词和主语the students 一致，此处为主系表结构，用be动词。
6. C
分析：主语ten minutes表示时间，被视为一个整体，为单数形式。全句是现在时。
7. D
分析：本句核心主语是land，为单数形式，同时注意分数的表达形式。
难点-英语语法主谓一致精讲
主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致；2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致；3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
例：There is much water in the thermos. 热水瓶里有很多水。
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.去年产碳1万吨。
1. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
例：Reading and writing are very important. 读和写非常重要。
注意： 主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
例：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 铁和钢对我们的生活非常重要。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例：
a) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一只笔，一把刀和几本书。
b) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有20个男生，23个女生。
2）当either… or… 与neither… nor， 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例：
a) Either you or she is to go. 你或她会去。
b) Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 这儿有一只笔，一些信封和给你的几张纸。
3. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例：
a) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。
b) He as well as I wants to go boating. 我和他都想去划船。
4. 谓语需用单数
1） 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。例：
a) Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每个人都有一台录音机。
b) There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表出了点儿问题。
2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例：
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)例：
a) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 有三周的时间来做必要的准备。
b) Ten yuan is enough. 10元钱就够了。
5. 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1） 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例：
a) All is right. 一切顺利。
b) All are present. 所有人都到齐了。
2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。例：
a) His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
b) His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around? 周围有警察吗？
3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。例：
a) A number of books have lent out.许多书已经借出去了。
b) The majority of the students like English. 大多数学生都喜欢英语
6. 与后接名词或代词保持一致
1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。例：
a) Most of his money is spent on books. 他的大多数钱都用来买书了。
b) Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大多数学生都积极参加体育运动。
2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例：
a) Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
b) More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市
所谓“主谓一致性”，是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语保持的一致，即谓语与主语所保持的相应单复数。如：American Indians have lived there for over 20, 000 years.（美国印第安人在那儿生活了两万多年。）The news about the Olympic Games is exciting.（有关奥运会的消息令人兴奋。）该项目是高考考查的重点之一。以下方面在学习中应引起重视。
1．动词不定式、动名词、主语从句或是由两个疑问词引导一个不定式或一个从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。而两个以上不定式、动名词、从句做主语，谓语动词用复数；如果两个短语表达同一概念，属同一整体，谓语动词仍用单数。如：
To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能存钱。
Reading English papers and magazines is helpful to English study.阅读英语报刊杂志对英语学习有帮助。
Whether he will come depends on weather.他是否会来还要看天气。
When and where to hold the meeting isnt decided.何时何地开会尚未决定。
Listening, speaking, reading and writing are four skills for English study. 听说读写是英语学习的四种技能。
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起习惯好。
2．由either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also，not…but，or连接两个主语，谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。如：
Either the girl or the boy is from Canada.不是那女孩就是男孩来自加拿大。
Not only he but also I am good at English．我们俩英语都不错。
You or he is to take part in the competition. 你或她要参加比赛。
3．由there或here引起的句子，谓语通常与邻近的主语一致。如：
There is a pencil box and several books in my school bag.我书包里有一个文具盒和好几本书。
Here are some envelopes and writing paper for you.这儿有你的信封信纸。
4．把表示时间、距离、度量、金额、书名等复数名词作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是漫长的。
25,000 miles is a long distance.二万五千里是一段漫长的路程。
Ten thousand dollars is enough.十万块够了。
Two and three is five.二加三等于五。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting book.《天方夜谈》是本有趣的书。
5．由and连接两个并列主语，谓语动词一般用复数。但如果连接的单数主语前分别有every, each, no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式, and后面的every, each, no还可以省略。
In our country, every boy and（every）girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家，男孩女孩都有受教育权。
Each man and（each）woman is asked to attend the party.无论男女都被邀请出席晚会。
但两个名词前分别有定冠词变成复数概念时，each放在它们后面作同位语，谓语用复数。如：
The boys and girls each have a new book.（比较：Each of them has a new book. 他们各自有本新书。）
6．The ＋形容词表示一类人作主语，谓语动词多用复数形式。如：
The old are taken good care of in China.在中国, 老人受到很好照顾。
7．如果主语后面跟有（together）with, as well as, along with, like, rather than, together with, but, except , besides, including等短语，谓语动词应与其前的主语相一致。如:
A library with sixty thousand books was offered to our school.藏书六万册的图书馆提供给了我校。
The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the New Year’s Eve.老师与学生们都在盼望除夕。
The mother along with her children is going to Australia.母亲与她的孩子都要去澳大利亚。
No one except us/but we knows it. 只有我们知道这事。
The factory, including its machines, was burnt last night. 昨晚上这工厂及里边的机器全被烧掉了。
8．由a lot, plenty, some, most, half, all, the rest，the majority以及（百）分数等＋of短语出现在主语中，谓语与of后面的名词单复数保持一致。试比较：
All of us are very tired.我们大家都累了。
All of the milk has been sold out.所有的牛奶都卖完了。
Half of the apple is rotten. /Half of the apples are rotten.（半个）半数苹果都烂了。
The rest of the problems are very easy. /The rest of the problem is very easy.其余的问题很简单。
The majority of people(=Most people) are in favor of the plan.多数人同意这个计划。
The majority of the milk(=Most of the milk) has gone bad.多数牛奶都坏了。
Two-thirds of the homework has been corrected.三分之二的作业已经批改。
Two-thirds of the exercises have been corrected.三分之二的练习已经批改。
70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球表面的70％被水覆盖。
9. 一些可数或不可数名词可以和量词连接，一般情况下只要有量词修饰，谓语动词与量词的数保持一致；代词none和neither可以根据说话人意思看作单数或复数，但none代替不可数名词，谓语一定是单数形式。如：
The whole box of matches is wet.整盒火柴都是湿的。
This kind of method(s) is helpful.(=Methods of this kind are helpful.) 这种法子有帮助。
Neither of them has arrived yet at the spot. 他们俩都还没有到达场地。
None of the water is fit to drink. 这水均不宜饮用。
注意区分the number of与a number of的不同含义所引起的谓语动词单复数之别。试比较：
The number of the students in their class is 50．他们班的学生数为50。
A number of visitors have been there.不少游客去过那儿。
10．形复义单的名词（如：news, maths, physics, politics, means, works)等作主语时，谓语只用单数。如：
Physics is a fairly difficult subject.物理是一门相当难的学科。
Politics doesn’t interest him.他对政治没兴趣。
11．某些集体名词如: family, group, class, team, company, government, army, enemy, population, public, crowd等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果强调个体“人”,谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
The population of the world is increasing day by day.世界人口在与日俱增。
About two-thirds of the population in China are farmers. 中国大约三分之二的人口是农民。
His family is in Shenzhen.他的家在深圳。
His family are watching TV.他的家人在看电视。
The whole team are going to take part in the Olympic Games.全队将参加奥运会。
12．某些集体名词如police, cattle, people（人）,与clothes, shorts, trousers, goods, scissors等词一样，只用作复数。如：
The police are searching for the murderer. 警察正在缉拿凶手。
The cattle are eating grass. 牛在吃草。
All his goods were lost.他所有的货物都丢了。
13．在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如：
Between the houses is a tall tree.两幢房屋之间有棵大树。
On the wall hangs a picture.墙上挂着一幅画。
14．由and, both…and引导并列主语，谓语用复数。但如果主语连接的两个名词指的是同一个人或事，谓语用单数形式，这类and后面的名词没有冠词。如：
Both rice and wheat are grown in this place.这地方既种稻子也种小麦。
The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students.既是作家又是教师的他深受学生的欢迎。
Truth and honesty is the best policy.诚实是最好的策略。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
15．在“one of ＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句动词用复数形式; 当one之前有the（only）等修饰语时，从句的动词应是单数。如：
This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told．这是讲的最好的故事之一。
She is the (only) one of the girls who is late sometimes.她是(唯一)一个有时迟到的学生。
16．一些单复数相同的名词，根据具体情况确定，如：deer, sheep, fish, means, works, the following等。
The milu deer has returned to China. 麋鹿回到了中国。
More milu deer are being moved to a large nature park. 更多麋鹿正转移到一个大的天然公园。
There is an iron works near the town. 城附近有家钢铁厂。
There are some iron works near the town. 城附近有些钢铁厂。
The following are his mistakes./The following is his mistake.下面是他的错误。
17．more than one, many a尽管意义上是表复数内容，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
More than one book has been sold.已出售的书不止一本。
Many a student wants to reduce homework.许多学生要求减少家庭作业。
附练习：
1.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____tired of having one examination after another.(MET 89)
A. is B. are C. am D. be
2.A library with five thousand books _____to the nation as a gift.(MET 89)
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
3.When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.(MET91)
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
4.The number of people invited ____fifty, but a number of them ____absent for different reasons. (NMET96)
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
5.E-mail, as well as telephones, _____an important part in daily communication.(上海99)
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
6.____of the land in that area ____covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth…is B. Two fifth…are C. Two fifths…is D. Two fifths…are (2000.上海)
7．The League Secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting．
A．was B．were C．has D．were
8．Each man and each woman ______ asked to attend the party．
A．are B．is C．has D．were
9．Ten thousand dollars______ a large sum of money．
A．has been B．have been C．is D．are
10.On the winding path ____ to be found footprints of wild animals.
A．was B．were C．has D．have
11．Forty percent of the students in our class ______ League members．
A．is B．are C．was D．be
12．He is the only one of the students who______ elected．
A．are B．have been C．has D．has been
13．John as well as his sisters______ medicine in China．
A．are studying B．have studied C．is studying D．study
14．I, who_______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study．
A．be B．am, C．are D．is
15．Only the rich______ able to go to school at that time．
A．were B．was C．is D．are
1—5 BAACA 6--10.CABCB 11—15 BDCBA
主谓一致是英语写作中最常预见的问题之一，也是困扰广大四六级考生的一大心病。然而，最令人恐惧的不是不知如何才能让主谓一致，而是我们的四六级考生在挥毫之时根本没有意识到主谓是需要一致的。换言之，多数考生在写出主谓不一致的句子之时根本没有意识到写出来的这句话是错误的。
造成这种悲剧的原因及主要对策主要可以归结为以下三点：
第一，英汉两种语言的思维差异造成英语学习过程中的“无语法意识”或是“语法意识淡漠”的现象。这种不重视英语语法体系的习惯必然会导致“单词大联盟”（将单词按照汉语语序堆砌起来）的局面。严格地说，汉语的语法与其说是“规则”不如说是“词汇”。无论什么样的语法，词以及词在句子中的位置就能反映出来。而且，从汉字本身来看，每个字的形状都是固定的，既不能加圈，也不能少点儿。而英语就大不一样， 每个单词里所包含的字母及其顺序在单词表或是字典的词条中是一定的，一旦放到句子当中一系列的规则就能够左右它最终的面貌。就拿中国人最喜欢的一句话：“你吃了吗？”来说，只要曾经学过：“你、吃、了、吗”这几个汉字，再把它们按正确的顺序放在一起就是一句话。但是如果换成英语的话，“吃”和“你”之间的关系；“了”对应的时态；“吗”代表的疑问句语序都是值得我们考虑的。所以，习惯了汉语的随意风格，写英语句子必然会忽视“语法”这一说。“主谓一致”必然会被忽视。
因此，重视英汉两种语言形式上的差异，不断提醒自己语法规则在汉英转换当中的作用是解决主谓一致问题的根本。
第二，复杂结构和长主语的干扰作用。句子的结构一旦复杂，构成主语的单词一多，写谓语的时候主语就很容易被忽视而造成主谓不一致的现象。
首先，这里指的复杂结构是指几个会将主谓隔开的特殊结构。例如：插入成分，定于从句，同谓语或同谓于从句。在写作的过程当中，每每遇到以上几种情况的时候，回眸重新找主语是必须的工作。例如： Thomas Edison, one of the most distinguished scientists, is a brilliant inventor. 这里在写完第二个逗号的时候，就应该回过头来看看原始主语，而不能被插入成分中的scientists所蒙蔽。所以，每当遇到谓语时，重新审视主语是很重要的。
其次，能够对主谓一致产生阻碍最用的长主语主要是指以下两种：
1．主语后带“of\in 介词短语修饰”。Of 的出现就会导致谓语遇到的最近的一个名词不是of 之前真正的主语。例如：The most favorable food of those boring people is stake. 这里，谓语is 是food 而不是of 之后的people 所决定的are.
2．主语后带定于从句。定语从句出现在主语修饰语中一方面造成了主语和谓语间隔距离太远， 另一方面也使得主语既长又复杂。如此，双管齐下谓语要想和主语一致就难上加难了。例如：The idea which used to solve many emergent cases has been proved to be impractical nowadays. 显然，has 之前的定语从句对谓语的选择造成了极大的阻碍。
第三，对主谓一致的特殊规则了解不够透彻。一些主谓一致的原则是无法用语法规范来解释的，而是要借助于一些“惯例”。这些惯例通常又都是一些“特例”。所以，有必要熟记一些特定的语法规则。例如：
1．表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词作主语，若表示一个整体，其后动词用单数；若表示的是单个个体，其后动词则用单数。
2．当主语为：“分数或百分数+of+名词”时，动词形式依照of 后面的单复数形式来决定。
3．带none 的词组做主语时，其后动词单复数形式都可以用。
4．Neither…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…的谓语采用就近原则，即和后面一部分所跟的名词决定。
主谓一致就是指在英语句子中，主语和谓语在人称和数的方面应保持一致。很多学生对于英语的主谓一致了解不深，
对定语从句和名词性从句的主谓一致了解得更少，因此很容易犯错误。下面就对这一问题进行探讨。
一、定语从句的主谓一致
一般来讲，定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。例如：
1．I am not one who is afraid of difficulty．我是个不怕困难的人。
2．Don't choose me，who am not qualified for this job．不要选我，我不适合做这项工作。
3．Anyone who has questions to ask， please come to my office this afternoon．有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。
另外，关于定语从句的先行词，one of后常接复数名词，在非正式的英语口语中，有时甚至在一些很正规的文体中，
动词的数不是与先行词保持一致，而是与 one相一致，这是因为说话者或写作者首先想到的是one，而不是one后面真
正的先行词。例如：
4．That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years．那本词典是近
几年来所见到的最有价值的词典之一。
5．Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals thatis noted for its busy harbor．布宜诺斯艾利斯是一
个以其海港的热闹而闻名的国家首都。
第5句中的is不能改成are。这点很好理解，因为用are就意味着世界上所有国家的首都都以海港热闹而出名，这是不
符合实际的。
当one前面有the only等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词也要与 one保持一致而取单数形式。例如：
6．He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job．他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。
二、名词性从句的主谓一致
主语是名词性从句（常用what，whatever，when，where，why ，how，that，whether等引导放在句首）时，动词
通常用单数形式。例如：
1．What I am most interested in is American movies．我最感兴趣的是美国电影。
2．Whatever he says is of no importance．无论他说什么都不重要。
3．Whoever says that is wrong．无论谁说这话都不对。
4．That he will come is certain．他肯定会来。
5．Why he is late for class is more than I can tell．为什么他上课迟到，我也说不上来。
但在下面的句子中谓语动词要用复数形式，因为主语从句中的动词是复数，所以主语从句应当作复数看待。例如：
6．Who are going to attend the meeting have been decided by the manager．哪些人去参加会议，已由经
理做出了决定。
7．Whoever say that are to be punished．谁这样讲，就惩罚谁。
由此可见，名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定。学习时只有灵
活处理，才能真正把主谓一致这个语法项目融会贯通。
主谓一致
(1)选择填空(分数:40 估时:40分)
1.I who a teacher must be strict and careful in everything.
A.is B.am
2.What the population of Beijing?
A.is B.are
3.The Chinese a great people.
A.is B.are
4.A woman with a baby coming here.
A.is B.are
5.The girl as well as the boys learned to drive a car.
A.has B.have
6.To finish the work hard work.
A.needs B.need
7.No teacher and student in the school.
A.is B.are
8.Whenever anything ,please stay here quietly.
A.happens B.happen
9.Many a man the story.
A.believes B.believe
10.More than five men died in the accident.
A.has B.have
11. there any police around?
A.Is B.Are
12.My trousers dirty.
A.is B.are
13.A pair of glasses lying on the chair.
A.is B.are
14.A year and a half already passed.
A.has B.have
15.The number of the students who part in the entrance examination great.
A.takes,is B.takes,are
C.take,is D.take,are
16.Twelve percent of the workers here women.
A.is B.are
17.His family not very large.
A. is B.are
18.His family watching TV.
A.is B are
19.Most of the earth covered with water.
A.is B.are
20.Most of the cars made in Shanghai.
A. is B.are
21.All not gold that glitters.
A. is B.are
22.Many sheep looked after by the old man.
A.is B.are
23.Bread and butter their daily food.
A.is B.are
24.Now a number of young men very well.
A.cooks B.cook
25.Those who to go to Nanjing please get on the train.
A.wants B.want
26.Simple and plain living a fine quality.
A.is B.are
27.Three weeks too short a time for translating the book.
A.is B.are
28.Letter and toilet paper running out.
A.is B.are
29.Ten dollars too dear.
A.is B.are
30.Here a fish,some bread and soup for you.
A.is B.are
31.Not only a pen but also two books lost.
A.was B.were
32. you or he right?
A.Is B.Are
33.It's Tom who it.
A.does B.do
34.The danger of forests not to be taken lightly.
A.is B.are
35.More than one person watching the strange star that night.
A.was B.were
36.The boy and girl each their own toys.
A.has B.have
37.Few near here.
A.lives B.live
38.The glass works built in 1959.
A.was B.were
39.Men of this kind dangerous.
A.is B.are
40.This kind of men dangerous.
A.is B.are
(2)用be或have的适当形式填空(分数:24 估时:48分)
1.A.The glasses mine.
B.That pair of glasses my brother's.
2.A.Grandpa Wang,together with his two grandsons, taking a walk in the park now.
B.Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons taking a walk in the park now.
3.A.Neither of them going to the cinema.
B.Both of them going to the cinema.
4.A.It is said that his family going to move.
B.He said that his family all very well.
5.A.All that I want to say this.
B.All but one here just now.
6.A.A number of the students gone for an outing.
B.The number of the students increasing year after year.
7.A.Either you or I wrong.
B.Not only the students but also the professor surprised at Mary's answer.
8.A.Many a person seen the wonderful film.
B.Many people seen the wonderful film.
9.A.Getting up early and going to bed early a good habit.
B.Singing and dancing two of the things that he likes best.
10.A.More than one person injured in the accident.
B.More than two persons injured in the accident.
11.A.The policeman standing at the street corner.
B.The police searching for him.
12.A.Nobody but Mary and I in the classroom at that time.
B.Only Mary and I in the classroom when Tom entered.
(3)选择填空(分数:35 估时:35分)
1.Maths not easy to learn.
A.is B.are
2.No news good news.
A.is B.are
3.Every possible means been tried.
A.has B.have
4.The police searched every room of the building.
A.has B.have
5.The students who absent must be criticized.
A.is B.are
6.The student who late for class found a wallet and handed it in.
A.was B.were
7.To master the spirit of a foreign language not easy.
A.is B.are
8.Seeing believing.
A.is B.are
9.When and where we will have the meeting not been decided.
A.has B.have
10.Ten miles not a long distance.
A.is B.are
11.Deer to eat a certain kind of wild roses.
A.likes B.like
12.A lot of field mice been killed.
A.has B.have
13.It is you who the right to decide.
A.has B.have
14.In this class sixty percent of the students girls.
A.is B.are
15.My parents no less than I glad to see you.
A.am B.are C.is
16.Everybody except you to know it.
A.seems B.seem
17.More than one house burned down during the fire.
A.was B.were
18.His family all in for sports.
A.goes B.go
19.The news been heard everywhere.
A.has B.have
20.Only one percent of the students in the college Party members.
A.is B.are
21.A third of our students from peasant families.
A.comes B.come
22.Tom as well as two of his friends to the concert.
A.was invited B.were invited
23.Many a girl football.
A.likes B.like
24.Plastics and rubber never .
A.rots B.rot
25.What the population of Hongkong?
A.is B.are
26.There is a plate on the table.The knife and fork beside it.
A.is B.are
27.Where my trousers?
A.is B.are
28.The police looking for him.
A.is B.are
29.A number of the students going to visit the History Museum.
A.is B.are
30.The number of the girl students in that school smaller than that of the boy students.
A.is B.are
31.One dollar and eighty—seven cents all Della had.
A.was B.were
32.What he said and what he did agree.
A.dosen't B.don't
33.The factory including it′s machine burnt last night.
A.was B.were
34.The young very active.
A.is B.are
35.The doctor and scientist to the meeting.
A.was invited B.were invited
主谓一致是历年高考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。
一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等 + 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
2. A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
3. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
4. Nobody but Jane ________ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
5. All but one ________ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
二、当 either ... or ...; neither ... nor...;not only... but also...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
6. Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. was handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
三、 当“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
9. She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well
四、当news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
10. Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。
11. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
六、the number of...(……的数目)短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当a number of...(许多……)短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
12. The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
七、当“疑问词 + 不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
13. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
以上仅从七个方面归纳了主谓一致的特殊情况,但在实际学习中还不止这些,希望同学们在以后的学习中对此多加留意,以不断丰富、充实其内容,为未来高考做好准备。
参考答案: 1—5 AAABD 6—10 DBDBC 11—13 CCA
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