可数名词和不可数名词
1. 常考的不可数名词
furniture luggage clothing equipment poetry jewelry machinery
weaponry scenery information knowledge homework
evidence foliage advertising health
A : 流体 air water
B: 颗粒状物体 rice salt
C: 抽象名词 information
D: 总称名词 poetry machinery
E: 疾病不可数 diabetes糖尿病 measles麻疹
F: 自然现象 rain drops
G:学科不可数 mathematics economics statistics physics politics mechanics
genetics geology geography chemistry
philosophy biology history
2.常考的不规则单复数
man/men woman/women tooth/teeth foot/feet goose/geese
basis/bases analysis/analyses crisis/crises
hypothesis/hypotheses axis/axes alga/algae larva/larvae fungus/fungi
stimulus/stimuli datum/data bacterium/bacteria
medium/media spectrum/spectra mouse/mice child/children
phenomenon/phenomena radius/radii
3.常考的单复数同型的名词
aircraft spacecraft series species means sheep deer bison salmon
trout carp
4. 常考的可数名词
discovery cloud mineral metal substance population effort effect
animal plant mammal insect tree herb shrub
element function feature picture result clue star reason audience
device structure human human being
system fashion resource source origin pioneer automobile purpose
style response number amount
variety quantity type kind influence emotion change
5. 即可数又不可数的名词
sugar , cloth , water , detail , paper ,work , light , science
,form , interest , art , area ,color , disease , illness , rock
, stone ,
matter , food , culture ,noise , liquid , solid , gas , climate
, film ,material , population , temperature , experience ,speech
,use
time , life , action , activity , study
rock(砂岩) rocks(块岩) work(工作,作品) works(著作) paper(纸) papers(论文,报告,文件)
area(面积) areas(地区,区域) time(时间) times(次数) room(空间) rooms(房间)
water(水) waters(水域)
collections由同一种物品构成,可数 his three collections of short stories
collection 由不同种物品构成,不可数 his art collection
※当一个不可数名词表种类时,可数.
可数/不可数 :①有无数的概念②抽象/具体 advertisment 广告 可数 advertising 广告业 不可数
1)物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化篇个体名词时。
比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。
This factory produces steel. (不可数)
We need various steels. (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。
Our country is famous for tea.
我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please.
请来两杯茶。
2) 抽象名词有时也可数。
four freedoms 四大自由
the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如:
a glass of water 一杯水
a piece of advice 一条建议
一、常见的不可数名词
1、最常见的不可数名词有:advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic
2、其它不可数名词还有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work(工作)
二、可有单、复数形式的不可数名词
1、不可数名词一般没有单复数之分, 但物质名词表示不同类别时,可有单复数。如:teas (各种茶), a tea (一杯茶)等。常见的这类词有:fruit, food,coffee等。
2、抽象名词表示具体事物时,也可有复数形式。honor, death, danger, pleasure, success, failure, comfort, surprise, worry, beauty, wonder, envy, shock, shame, regret, joy等,它们都表示“某种人、动词或事”。
英语名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1. 可数名词前可用a, an等冠词或one, two, three等数词修饰,有单数和复数两种形式,如:
bus — a bus — two buses
egg — an egg — three eggs
2. 不可数名词前一般不能用或不能直接用a, an等冠词或数词修饰,只有单数形式,英语不可数名词包括以下几类:
a. 抽象名词,如: honesty, rudeness, truth
b. 物质名词,如: water, cash, cloth(布料)
c. 一些集合名词,如: scenery, machinery, furniture
3. 部分不可数名词如要表达可数的概念,可以用“单位名词+of+不可数名词”结构来表示,如:
a piece of news a grain of wheat
a game of chess two glasses of milk
several cups of tea
4. 有些名词既是可数名词,也是不可数名词,但意义有别,如:
business [C] 商店,企业
[U] 商业,生意,事务,事情
work [C] 作品,著作
[U] 工作,劳动,作业
time [C] 次,回
[U] 时间,时机
life [C] 性命,一生
[U] 生命,生活,活力
物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数的,但在一定条件下这些不可数名词可转化为可数名词。
1. 物质名词和抽象名词用来表示个别、具体的事物时,一般是可数的,但意义发生了一定的变化,如:
There is a glass of red wine on the table. (葡萄酒)
Two wines, please. (两杯葡萄酒)
Every girl loves beauty. (美丽)
He married a beauty. (美女)
2. 物质名词表示“各种、各类”概念时,一般是可数的,如:
teas in the mountains (山里的各种茶叶)
fruits in the store (店里的各种水果)
slight stomach pains (轻微的胃痛)
3. 抽象名词表示“某一种”或“某一方面”的概念时,也可以是可数的,如:
Knowledge is power.(知识)
The book tells us a knowledge of Africa.(非洲方面的知识)
She lives in luxury.(奢侈)
My salary is low, so I get few luxuries.(奢侈品)