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大学英语六级考试听力应试方略 六级听力的大纲要求 教学大纲要求，学生在修完基础六级后能听懂英语讲课，并能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上没有生词、语速为每分钟150-170词的简短会话、谈话、报道或讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。大纲所规定的要求并不太高，而要真正达到这一目标却也并非易事。 六级听力考试的特点 不同于四级考试的一般要求，六级考试的要求较高。在语速上，六级听力语速为每分钟150-170词，比英美人日常说话的速度（每分钟150-170词）还要稍快一些。在难度上，六级的内容较为广泛，常常与欧美国家的政治、经济、文化、教育、社会问题及科普知识相关，要求考生具有较宽的知识面，掌握更多的词汇量。在信息量上，六级常常用较多的信息，而且具有更强的概括和分析能力。在题型上，六级测试出题的重点往往在于推理判断、辨认信息及总结中心思想。了解了六级听力测试的特点，就可以有针对性地制定出六级听力的复习方法。 六级听力的复习方法 持之以恒的听力训练。常言说：一天不写手生，一天不听耳生。因此每天要安排一定的听力时间。不过时间不宜过长，以不超过一小时为宜。听音时要注意力集中，这样才可达到听力训练的效果。考前的听力训练尤为必要：考前进行适量的"实战"练习可以帮助考生熟悉听力考试中的题型、语音、语调以及语速，从而可以避免带上耳机后的那种不知所措的感觉。 精听与泛听相结合。在六级听力测试中确实要求考生精确地听出某些人名、地名、年代、数据以及一些重要的细节。但如果在听力过程中只精不泛，就会造成"只见树木，不见森林"的结果。不过只泛不精的话，则会养成似是而非、不求甚解的习惯。因此，在听力训练中，一定要精泛结合：即要攻克那些听不懂的难点，不厌其烦地听，直到完全听懂为止；又要把握大意，以听两次为准，以免失去泛听的意义。 加强捕捉字音训练及提高从上下文猜字的能力。近音、同音异义给听力测试增加了难度，往往使考生误选答案。要解决这一难题，就要加强辨音及提高从上下文正确辨义的能力。例如对同音、近音异义词的辨析，"pet ,bet; had, head; sat, set; see sea"等就要靠抓字音以及从上下文猜字的能力来解决。另外，还要注意速读、弱读、意群、停顿英美之间的区别以及口语中的发音特点。 平时注意对英美文化背景的了解。在短文听力测试中常常涉及到一些英美的历史、地理、文化、体育、风土人情、名人轶事以及科普知识等。如果考生对这一方面的背景知识了解甚少，就不容易理解对话的内容。例如有这么一段话："I'd like to remind you when you leave Sydney Airport on your next international flight, you'll be required to pay a departure tax of 10 dollars."问题是：广播员提醒旅客什么？本题答对的考生仅占35%。其原因很可能是考生缺乏航空旅行经验，因此听到有关信息时未能作出正确反应，同时像departure tax这类词汇对有些考生来说比较陌生。因此考生平时就应注意扩大背景知识面并记住相关的词汇。这样在六级听力测试中就可以利用自己这方面的知识和逻辑推理能力，根据所听到的内容，较有把握地做出正确的选择。 掌握解题要领。Section A的解题要领在于注意第二个讲话者的内容。一般来讲，绝大部分问题问的是第二个讲话者所讲的是什么意思，因此，选择项大都与第二个讲话者谈话的内容有关。根据这一规律，考生应特别注意第二个讲话者的谈话内容，尽量记住其细节，然后进行逻辑判断和推理。例如： W：This school is lucky to have a teacher as good as Prof. Helen Johnson. M：She is one in a million. Q：What does the man mean? Teachers like Professor Johnson are rare. Professor Johnson has won a million dollars. Professor Johnson is likely to be teaching at that school. There are many teachers as good as Professor Johnson. 考生只要听清、理解了第二个人所说的话，就能做出正确的选择A）。即使没听清第一个人的讲话似乎也没有太大的妨碍。 Section B的解题要领是：充分利用试卷结构及书面选择项所提供的信息；了解所提问题的类型。考生从六级考试试卷中可预先知道Section B中每段之后有几个问题。这样就可充分利用这一有利因素，在每段短文开始之前集中精力只预测这几个问题，这样就使思维更集中，效率更高。通过预测书面选择项，考生可大致推测出短文可能涉及的内容，问题会从哪几个方面提出。如果某题的选择项是时间、地点、人物或数字，考生在听音时就可以有的放矢地注意这些具体的细节，从而快速而正确地做出选择。如果是对短文内容的讨论，考生可把注意力放在开头的主题句上，这样就可以有助于抓住全文的大意，较有把握地选择答案了。了解短文听力所提问题的类型，就可以使考生做到心中有数，不同的问题采取不同的对策。无论是细节题、主旨题、或推理判断题等，都能从容应对，知道该如何处理。 四、六级听力临场注意事项 要在六级听力测试中取得令人满意的成绩，临场的一些注意事项也是值得注意的。 考生要学会精神放松。美国总统罗斯福有句名言："世界上唯一可惧怕的就是惧怕本身（The only thing to fear is fear itself）"。如果对听力考试感到紧张或害怕，那么在自己的考场坐位上原地做几次深呼吸，这样可以有助于缓解紧张情绪。 . 排除杂念，注意力集中。坐在考场里，不要总想着："听不懂怎么办？答错了怎么办？最后考试结果会如何如何又该怎么办？要学会稳住自己的情绪，全神贯注于你的听力内容，尽自己最大的努力来考，这样才会发挥出最佳水平。 要力争主动，带着问题听。六级听力理解从开始播放题头音乐到正式开始做题之前，大约有2分钟的时间。因此，考生可充分利用这段时间去阅读试卷上各题的选择项，尽量争取在这2分钟内多看几道题。正式开始做题之后，要严格控制答题时间，根据自己听懂的内容，尽快确定并标出答案。倘若遇到难题，应当机立断，不要在该题上花太多的时间。尽量余下几秒再次浏览下一题的选择项。通过再次浏览，考生基本上可以预测出所提问题的大致方向，从而可使自己在听力测试中处于主动地位 处理好听与看的关系。听是正确理解的关键。当做上一题余下的几秒钟内看不完下一题的书面选择项时，则应把注意力放在听上，而不要为了看而耽误了听录音的内容。毕竟这是在进行听力测试，如果听得清、记得准的话，自然可以选择出正确的答案。 沉着应战。在整个听音过程中，要注意思想集中。在听懂大意的基础上，抓住所听内容的主旨与有关细节。同时利用在预读中得到的潜在信息、读音手段等抓住重点，并用自己熟悉的形式把关键信息、数字等迅速记录下来。这时应是耳眼并用，耳听录音信息，眼观书面信息，边听边分析整理。遇到不会答的难题，果断放弃，猜一个答案，然后集中精力做下一道题。要相信自己的能力，坚信只要专心致志就一定能发挥出自己的实际水平。 总之，要想顺利通过听力测试部分的考试关非一朝一夕就能解决的问题，也非凭着勇气或学习一种技巧就可以大功告成。冰冻三尺非一日之寒，这就需要考生平时加强训练，这样考试的时候才能奏效。 一、听力命题趋势 《大学英语教学大纲》对大学英语六级听力的要求：对题材熟悉、难度低于课文、基本上无生词、语速为每分钟150～170词的篇幅较长的会话、谈话和讲座，能掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度，并能进行分析、推理、判断和综合概括.
选材的原则是： 1996年7月公布了听力考试的新题型，即：听写填空(Spot Dictation)，和复合式听写(Compound Dictation)，增加了听力考试的主观题，该题型从1999年1月开始采用。 Ⅰ 简短对话各种问题方式的分析 1.what用来提?quot;是什么"、"讨论什么"、"做什么"、"什么含义"、"什么结论"、"什么看法"等，例如:
2.when多用来提问"什么时间、日期"，有时也用what time替换。例如: 3.where多用来提问"对话可能发生的场所"或"某人将要去的地方"。例如: 4.why用来提问"原因"或"目的"，例如： 5.which多用来提问"哪一句陈述是正确的或错误?quot;；"哪种东西被提到或没有被提到"，例如:
6.who (whom)多用来提问对话者某一方的身份，对话双方之间的关系及对话中涉及到的其他人的情况。例如: 7.how多用来提?quot;做某事的方式、方法或交台工具；对某事的看法、感受等"，例如: 8.how many, how much用来提问多少，包括提问"多少人/物""多少钱""多少个单位词"等。例如:
除上述八类以外，偶尔也可能有一般疑问句出现，或以whose, whom开头的特殊疑问句，但出现的可能性较些据统计，对话中的问题以what提问的情况为最多，约占40%～50%；以其他疑问词开头的情形相对较少。 II 短文命题趋势 《大学英语六级考试大纲》规定：短篇听力材料为题材熟悉的讲话、叙述、解说等。就题材而言，主要涉及英美国家的社会、教育、文化、体育、科学、技术、风俗、人情、历史及地理等方面的普通知识。其词汇一般不超过教学大纲词汇表规定的六级范围，并为考生所熟悉的普遍知识及普通词汇。 III 短文命题题型分析 听力短篇的体裁主要有下述五种类型：叙述型、论说型、故事型、报告型和谈话型等。有时这几种题型交织使用，很难严格区分。这样分主要是为了分析、叙述方便。 1.叙述型(Description) 这类短文的主题句通常在录音的开头，然后依次展开，具体叙述细节。应试者对于录音的开头要十分注意，听懂开头的内容会非常有助于对全部录音的理解 2.论说型(Argumentation and Exposition) 说明文则只是客观地解释事物、观念、方法、原则或阐明某些道理。其特点在于就事论事，不带个人感情色彩。 议论文通常使用推理的方法，如归纳(induction)、演绎(deduction)和类比(analogy)的方法。说明文使用的方法很多，如定义(definition)、特征(illustration)、分类(classification)、对比(contrast)或比较(comparison)、因果(cause and effect)。有时这两种文体混合使用，既有说明又有议论。在听力短篇中，说明类型多于议论类型. 3.故事型(Story) 4.报告型(Report) 5.谈话型(Speech)
2002.12.1 [答案] A 2002.12.2
2002.12.3 A) The bank near the railway station closes late. [答案] A 2002.12.4 A) Wait for about three minutes. A: When shall we meet? 2002.12.5 A) He felt upset because of her failure. [答案] D [补充两句] 如果对一个人表示赞同， 你会怎么说呢？ 实际上更多的是下面两种表达方式： 相应的，对一件事表示强烈反对是可以说：
A) The man thinks the woman can earn the credit. [答案] B 2002.12.7 A) Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.
2002.12.8 A) Find room for the paintings. [答案] D 2002.12.9 A) He'd rather not go to the lecture. [答案] B 2002.12.10 A) Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him.
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At
the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. One of the major problems in the Biramichi River is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low. <2>Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources - the factories which damp polluted water into the river, and the local community which damp untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment projects. But it would cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It would take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17,000 people in a area where is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also, the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves.<3> Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are over-fishing. Fishes are caught when they are on their way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large numbers. The members of the cooperative said that they have already reduced the their annual catch by 50%. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch, not because they are trying to preserve fishes.<4>
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A) To find ways to treat human wastes.
C) To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River. D) To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.
12. What is one of the problems in the Biramichi River? A) Serious pollution upstream. C) Lack of oxygen.
13. What does the passage tell us about the factories along the river? A) They'll be closed down.
C) They're going to dismiss some of their employees. D) They have no money to build chemical treatment plants. 14. Why was the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River reduced
according to the speaker?
C) There were fewer fish in the river. D) Over-fishing was prohibited. Passage II To begin with, you don't have to write it on paper. One man wrote his will on an envelop, another on a door, another on an egg. For some people, the most important part of their will is the part that says how they want to be buried. Mrs. Sandrill West, a rich widow from Taxes, decided that she wanted to be buried with her favorite car. In 1973, Mr. Green, a dentist from England, left most of his money to a nurse who worked for him, if in five years, she wouldn't wear any kind of make-up or jewelry or go out with men.<6> Finally, let's hope that your will is not like that of Dr. Wagner, who lived in America 100 years ago. His family, who had not been to see him for years, suddenly began to visit him when he became ill. What was worse, each person suggested to Dr. Wagner that they would like something to remember him by when he died. Greatly annoyed with them, Dr. Wagner wrote a will that would do this:<7> To each of his four brothers, he left one of his legs or arms. His nephew got his nose. And his two nieces each got an ear. His teeth went to his cousin. Then he set aside $1,000 to pay for cutting up his body. And the rest of his money, he left to the poor.
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A) A short note to their lawyer. C) Oral instructions recorded on a tape. B) A brief letter sealed in an envelop. D) A written document of
several pages.
A) Visit his grave regularly for five years. B) Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes. C) Refrain from going out with men for five years. D) Bury the dentist with his favorite car. 17. Why did Dr. Wagner make an unusual will? A) He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes. B) He was angry with his selfish relatives. C) He was just being humorous. D) He was not a wealthy man.
In recent years, there has been an unusually large number of divorces in the United States. In the past, when two people married each other, they intended to stay together for life, while today many people marry, believing that they can always get a divorce if the marriage does not work out.<9> In the past, a large majority of Americans frowned at the idea of divorce.<8> Furthermore, many people believed that getting a divorce was a luxury that only the rich could afford. Indeed, getting a divorce was very expensive. However, since so many people have begun to take a more casual view of marriage, it is interesting to note that the costs of getting a divorce are lower. In fact, wherever you go in the United States today, it is not unusual to see newspaper ads that provide information on how and where to get a cheap divorce. Hollywood has always been known as the divorce capital of the world. The divorce rate among the movie stars is so high that it is difficult to know who is married to whom. Today, many film stars change husbands and wives as though they were changing clothes. Until marriage again becomes a serious and important part in people's lives<10>, we'll probably continue to see a high rate of divorce. uestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 18. What did many Americans think of divorce in the past? A) They believed it to be a luxury. C) They took it to be a trend. B) They considered it avoidable. D) They thought it quite acceptable.
A) Casual. C) Sceptical. B) Critical. D) Serious. [答案] A 参见 句 9；
20. In the speaker's view, when will the high rate of divorce be brought down? A) When the current marriage law is modified. B) When husband and wife understand each other better. C) When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable. D) When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.
附：2002年6月六级考试听力试题解析<双博士网上课堂2002冬季版内容> 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案
Jean Brown has been married for 12 years. She has 3 children, and
lives in the suburb outside Columbus, Ohio. When her youngest child
reached school age, Jean decided to go back to work. She felt that
she should contribute to the household financies. Her salary can
make a difference between the financial struggle and secure financial
situation for her family. Jean also felt bored and frustrated in
her role as a homemaker and wanted to be more involved in life outside
her home. Jean was worried about her children's adjustment to this
new situation. But she arranged for them to go stay with the woman
nearby after school each afternoon. They seem to be happy with the
arrangement. The problem seem to be between Jean and her husband,
Bill. When Jean was at home all day, she was able to clean the house,
go grocery shopping, wash the clothes, take care of the children
and cook 2 or 3 meals each day. She was very busy of course. But
she succeeded in getting everything done. Now the same things need
to be done, but Jean has only evenings and early mornings to do
them. Both Jean and Bill are tired when they arrive home at 6 P.M.
Bill is accustomed to sitting down and reading the paper or watching
TV until dinner is ready. This is exactly what Jean feels like doing.
But some one has to fix the dinner and Bill expects it to be Jean.
Jean has become very angry at Bill's attitude. She feels that they
should share the household jobs. But Bill feels that everything
should be the same as it was before Jean went back to work. 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案
The decade for natural disaster reduction is a program designed
to reduce the impact of natural disasters throughout the world.
With support from the United Nations, countries will be encouraged
to share information about disaster reduction. For instance, information
about how to plan for and cope with hurricanes, earthquakes and
other natural disasters. One of the most important things the program
plans to do is to remind us of what we can do to protect ourselves.
For example, we can pack a suitcase with flashlights, a radio, food,
drinking water and some tools. This safety may help us survive a
disaster until help arrives. Besides, the program will encourage
governments to establish building standards, emergency response
plans, and training programs, These measures can help to limit the
destruction by natural disasters. The comparatively mild effects
of the northern California earthquake in 1989 are good evidence
that we do have the technology to prevent vast destruction. The
recent disasters, on the other hand, prove that people will suffer
if we don't use that technology. When a highway collapsed in northern
California, people were killed in their cars. The highway was not
built according to today's strict standards to resist earthquakes.
Individuals and governments have to be far-sighted. We should take
extra time and spend extra money to build disaster safety into our
lives. Although such a program can't hold back the winds or stop
earthquakes, they can save people's lives and homes. 正确答案 正确答案
Living at the foot of one of the world's most active volcanoes
might not appeal to you at all. But believe it or not, the area
surrounding Mount Etna in Italy is packed with people. In fact,
it is the most densely populated region on the whole island of Sicily.
The reason is that rich volcanic soil makes the land fantastic for
forming. By growing and selling a variety of crops, local people
earn a good living. For them, the economic benefit they reap surpasses
the risk of dying or losing property in one of the volcano's frequent
eruptions. People everywhere make decisions about risky situations
this way. That is, by comparing the risks and the benefits. According
to the experts, the side of the risk depends on both its probability
and seriousness. Let's take Mount Etna for example. It does erupt
frequently, but those eruptions are usually minor. So the overall
risk for people living nearby is relatively small. But suppose Mount
Etna erupted everyday, or imagine that each eruption there kills
thousands of people. If that were the case, the risk would be much
larger. Indeed, the risk would be too large for many people to live
with. And they would have to move away. 18. How do people make decisions about risky situations? 正确答案 正确答案 正确答案 六级听力临场三注意 要在六级听力测试中取得令人满意的成绩，临场的一些事项也是值得注意的。 一、要力争主动，带着问题听。 六级听力理解从开始播放题头音乐到正式开始做题之前，大约有2分钟的时间。因此，考生可充分利用这段时间去阅读试卷上各题的选择项，尽量争取在这2分钟内多看几道题。正式开始做题之后，要严格控制答题时间，根据自己听懂的内容，尽快确定并标出答案。倘若遇到难题，应当机立断，不要在该题上花太多的时间。尽量余下几秒再次浏览下一题的选择项。通过再次浏览，考生基本上可以预测出所提问题的大致方向，从而可使自己在听力测试中处于主动地位。 二、不要为了看而耽误了听录音的内容。 当做完上一题，余下的几秒钟内看不完下一题的书面选择项时，则应把注意力放在听上，而不要为了看而耽误了听录音的内容。毕竟这是在进行听力测试，如果听得清、记得准的话，自然可以选择出正确的答案。 三、在整个听音过程中，要注意思想集中。 在听懂大意的基础上，抓住所听内容的主旨与有关细节。同时利用在预读中得到的潜在信息、读音手段等抓住重点，并用自己熟悉的形式把关键信息、数字等迅速记录下来。这时应是耳眼并用，耳听录音信息，眼观书面信息，边听边分析整理。遇到不会答的难题，果断放弃，猜一个答案，然后集中精力做下一道题。要相信自己的能力，坚信只要专心致志就一定能发挥出自己的实际水平。 四六级听力理解部分题型特点及对策
听力理解部分主要目的是获取口头信息的能力。它主要有四种类型： a、对话部分（conversations）：它主要是日常生活中一般对话，句子结构和内容不太复杂。 2、对策 首先是持之以恒的听力训练。常言说：一天不写手生，一天不听耳生，每天要安排一定的听力时间，一般一小时为宜。听时要集中注意力，这样才能取得听力训练的效果。 其次是精听与泛听相结合。四、六级考试中有要求考生精确地听出某些人名、地名、年代、数据及一些细节。因此，一定要集中注意力去听。但是在听的过程中，不能只顾全局部，而忘记了整体。否则就会造成"只见树木，不见森林"的结果。所以一定要精、泛结合，既要把握其大意，又要克服听不懂的难点。 再次是要加强捕捉字音训练及提高从上下文猜字的能力。听力中最忌讳的是近音词、同音异义词，这些词给听力增加了麻烦，导致考生误选答案。如"pet，bet；had，head；sat，set；see，sea"。对这些词的辨析，就要靠抓字音以及从上下文猜字的能力来解决。另外，还应注意速读、弱读与停顿英美词之间的区别以及口语中发音特点。 还有一点是要注意对英美文化背景的了解。听力短文中经常会出现一些英美历史、地理、文化、体育、风土人情、名人轶事以及科普知识等。如"I′d like to remind you when leave Sydney Airport on your text international flight，you ′ll be required to pay a departure tax of 10 dollars."而问题是"广播员提醒旅客什么？"本题答对的考生仅有35%，这就是考生缺乏航空旅行的经验。因此，听到信息也不能做出正确的反应。 最后是考前的听力训练要加强。考前进行适量的"实战"练习，可以帮助考生熟悉听力考试中的题型、语音、语调及语速，从而可以避免带上耳机后不知所措的感觉。 CET -- 6 听力综合归纳题解析 一．对话理解 【试题1】 Q：What does the woman mean？ ［分析］ 表示语气转折的连词but是引导重要信息的信号词。一般来说，but后面的句子才是说话者真正要表达的内容，也是回答问题的依据。所以回答该题的关键是对but后面句子意思的理解。从听力材料上看，虽然I contacted his office对Did you talk to the consultant about our new health program？问题作了回答，但似乎回答得不够令人满意，而but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two．才真正满足了问话人所希望的信息。but后面的信息则对具体情况有了更清楚的说明。所以（B）She couldn't talk to the consultant before two．是正确答案。 【试题2】 W：Have you heard about the plane crash yesterday？It caused 120deaths．I'm never at easewhen taking a flight． M：Though we often hear about air crashes and serious casual deeds，flying
is still one of the safest ways to travel． 【分析】 2．在众多信息中辨认重要信息。 【试题1】 【分析】 “末端中心”是指在通过语言行为传递多条信息时，一般以最后一个信息片段为中心，目的是突出重要信息内容，引起听话人的注意。了解“末端中心”语言规律有助于我们从多条信息中迅速捕捉出其中的重要信息。又如： 【试题2】 【分析】 I'd probably．．．，I might．．．等虚拟语气结构表达了一个非真实的情景。所以确定了选项（C）An imaginary situation．为正确答案。 3．综合归纳众多信息。 【试题1】 Q：Whom did Mrs Starched want to come over？ 【分析】 【试题2】 M：Well，Mr Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department．One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office． Q：What do we learn from the conversation？ 【分析】 二．短文理解 PASSAGE（1） 【试题】 【分析】 PASSAGE（2） 【试题】 【分析】 一、对话理解 对话理解题是六级听力测试Section A部分的内容，也是听力部分必考项目。从历年全真试题中，我们不难看出判断推理是大多数考生的考试难点。推理判断的测试重点是从说话人的用词、语气、态度等方面来正确理解说话人表达的基本意思，判断说话人的真实意图。 1．利用暗示信息判断 【试题】 W：My roommates already asked for them． 【分析】乍一听，女士的回答My roommates already asked for them．与男士提出的 Would you mind saving the stamps for me？问题，是答非所问。但将前后句联系起来思考，就发现了它们之间存在一定的逻辑关系。My roommates already asked for them．是一则暗示信息，隐含地表达了女士无法满足男士要求的原因。因此，（C）She can't give the stamps to the man's sister．为正确答案。 2．利用否定信息判断 【试题】 【分析】听力测试中常遇到以否定句设置的语言陷阱。粗心的考生往往听到一个否定词就草率地作出了判断。其实，这些否定句在句子整体意思上并不含否定意思，否定只是一个形式。该题中，男士用The questions were very fair and I seemed to find answers for all of them．表现出他对面试结果充满信心，I couldn't feel better about it．应理解为 I felt much satisfied with my interview．正确答案是（A）。“not feel better about”的意思为 have a better sense of．．．（再好不过了）。 3．利用虚拟语气信息判断 【试题】 【分析】“We couldn't have played worse．”是女士对那场球赛的评价，它是考生理解女士说话含义的关键句。虽然整个句子不含条件句，但从该句的句子结构来看，could not have done是虚拟语气结构，表示“做了本不该做的事”。例如： He could not have said something against us．（It's impossible for him to say something against us，but in fact he really did so．） 由此可见，We couldn't have played worse．意思为We think we couldn't perform badly，but in fact we really played very badly．所以（D）Their team played very badly．符合女士说话的意思，为正确答案。另外，分清cancel和miss的意思也很重要。 miss的意思是fail to see，find，hear meet．．．听力材料中You didn't miss anything．意思为It's worthless of watching the game．，而cancel的解释是to give up or call off a planned activity。 4．判断因果关系 【试题】 Q：Why is the wom an so happy？ 【分析】从对话中grade、exam、study等词，可以判断女士的高兴不与money有关，所以选项（C）被排除。You certainly did quite well and I must say you deserve that grade．表达了男士恭贺她取得好成绩。接着从明示信息I really studied hard．．．，I've been preparing．．．for more than a month．中分析出取得好成绩的原因，从而判断选项（B）She did well on the test是正确答案。（A）、（D）选项是针对I can relax for a while干扰信息所设置的选项。 5．利用问句作答判断 【分析】此题是用问句作答的一则对话。很显然，理解What difference does it make？是解答此题的关键。make a difference的意思为 be important；have an effect or influence。如： It doesn't make much difference to me whether you go or not．
结合对话中They're both excellent artists．一句，What difference does it make？可理解为In my opinion，there is no different effect if you'd like to ask either of them to draw．因此，选项（A）They are equally competent for the job．表达了女士说话的意图，为正确答案。 二、短文理解 短文理解是CET-6听力测试Section B部分的传统题型，也是常见题型。虽然短文听力部分与对话部分有相似之处，如测试对明示信息理解和对暗示信息的推理、判断，但短文测试自身特点却表示在句子（sentence）和语篇（discourse）水平上的测试。六级短文听力测试更多地要求考生对多种语言现象综合地理解，比如，在测试考生对明示信息的敏感程度的同时，又测试考生对事实的判断能力；在测试合理推断能力的同时，又要求考生关注某一个特定细节。 六级短文听力测试一般包括三篇文章，每篇短文后提出三至四个问题，要求考生作单项选择。 进行推理判断可以利用短文中一些结构信号词。这些词能帮助我们正确理解句子之间的关系。如表示因果关系的：because，due to，the cause of，that's why，as the result， consequently等；表示转折关系的：but， however，although，on the contrary，instead of等；表示比较关系的：in a similar way，alike，the same．．．as．．．等。 ［例1］［听力原文］ 【试题】 【分析】此题要求考生对已知信息进行分析判断。短文中The best time to buy a baby-dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master．是一则忠告。换句话说，与狗最易建立亲密关系的时间是在狗出生后6—8周内。选项（D）Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house．表达了短文中的意思，为正确答案。选项（B）只是泛指选狗，与问题要求不相符。选项（C）虽然可能从If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old，their strong relationship will always be with dogs．中得到判断依据，但它不是问题所关心的主要原因。 ［例2］［听力原文］ You see，in a plant's stem there are hundreds of“water pipes”that bring water and minerals from the soil all the way up to the leaves．As the ground turns dry，it becomes harder and harder for the plants to do this． In severe droughts，plants have to fight to pull out any water available．Scientist Robert Winter has found out that when it is really bad their water pipes snap from the tensionlike rubber bands．When that happens，the whole plant vibrates a little．The snapping pipes make noises ten thousand times more quiet than a whisper． Robert knows that healthy，well-watered plants are quiet．He also knows that many insects prefer attacking dry plants rather than healthy plants．How do the insects know which are healthy plants and which are not？Robert thinks that the insects may listen for the plants that cry．And then they may buzz in to kill． To test his theory，Robert is using a device that can imitate plant cries．He attaches it to a quiet，healthy plant so the plant sounds thirsty．Then he watches insects to see if they attack more often than usual． If he is right，scientists could use the insects'ability against them．They could build traps that imitate crying plants．So when the insects buzz in to eat，they won't buzz out． 【试题】 【分析】从明示信息Robert is using a device that can imitate plant cries．得知Robert希望能利用模仿植物干渴而发出的微弱声音来引诱昆虫。又从最后一段They
could build traps that imitate crying plants．So when the insects
buzz in to eat，they won't buzz out．明示信息来分析，科学家试图利用 Robert的理论设计出捕捉昆虫的方法，只有选项（D）They
could build devices to trap insects．符合问题的要求。选项（A）、（B）是从科学家捕虫目的的角度进行分析的，而这一分析脱离了题目要求。听清题目要求很重要，否则就会答非所问。
1．准确地掌握英语中48个音标 英语中的音标如同汉语中的拼音，是单词发音的基本参照物，只有掌握了这些音标的发音特点才能做到单词的发音准确无误。概括起来，英语共有48个音标，包括
20个元音和28个辅音。 A．I haven't wanted to fall for several weeks． 又如：A．plane B．play C．plain D．plan。原文是：The airport was in the middle of the ／plein ／．这里A项和C项的读音都是／plein ／，只是词义不同。A项是“飞机”，C项是“大平原”。答案是C。 要顺利完成这类辨音试题，在听原文前对选择项进行预测也非常重要。这样做可以推测出试题设计人的意图，能够对考题的关键词做到心中有数。
六级测试的内容较为广泛，常常与欧美国家的政治、经济、文化、教育、社会问题及科普知识相关，要求考生具有较宽的知识面，掌握更多的词汇量。在信息量上，六级常常用较多的信息，而且具有更强的概括和分析能力。在题型上，六级测试出题的重点往往在于推理判断、辨认信息及总结中心思想。
持之以恒的训练是提高听力的前提，因此每天要安排一定的听力时间。不过时间不宜过长，一小时左右即可。可以找一个安静的地方，自己放录音，有条件的也可以利用学校的听音设备，最好戴上耳机听，因为这样效果更好，而且能避免考试时戴耳机的不适感。听音时只有注意力集中，才可达到听力训练的效果。考前进行适量的“实战”练习以便熟悉听力考试中的题型、语音、语调以及语速。
练习时不应追求“一字不漏”的听力效果，而应把注意力放在领会文章大意和捕捉整体信息上，也就是要听懂大意、把握重点。听懂大意是指对材料的主要内容有一个总体印象。例如短文的中心思想、所述事情的起因、发展和结局等。理解全文大意，才能对细节有更深刻的认识。把握重点是指精确地听出某些人名、地名、年代、数据以及一些重要的细节。 在练习中还要注意加强捕捉词音训练及提高从上下文猜词的能力。近音、同音异义给听力测试增加了难度。要解决这一难题，就要加强辨音及提高从上下文正确辨义的能力。例如对同音、近音异义词的辨析，（如fifteen与fifty）、近形数字（如：415Fifth Street与514 Fourth Street等）的确认等就要靠抓词音及从上下文猜词的能力来解决。另外，还要注意速读、弱读、意群、停顿、英美语之间的区别以及口语中的发音特点。 平时注意对英美文化背景的了解。在短文听力测试中常常涉及到一些英美的历史、地理、文化、体育、风土人情、名人轶事以及科普知识等。如果考生对这一方面的背景知识了解甚少，就不容易理解对话的内容。六级测试中常出现的文章体裁有：叙述文、故事、人物传记、讲课、新闻报道等。叙述文介绍一些社会、生活及科普知识，叙述事物的概念及作者的观点、态度。故事类内容广泛，通过人物语言（独白、对白）来交代事物的经过、情节的发展和人物的思想活动。练习时要注意：故事的各个要素（when ／where ／who ／how）；人物的思想感情等。人物传记是对真人真事的记叙，大多是记叙中外历史上一些杰出的政治家、科学家、文学艺术家的生平事迹和事业上的成就或普通人物的成长过程、特殊经历和业绩，常用介绍式的写法开头，将记叙人物的姓名、出生年月、出生地点及社会评价置于文章的开头。讲课类介绍某一知识或进行某项专题讨论，逻辑性强，句子或段落之间常用一些语气性的连词，来表示说话人对某问题的强调、转折、递进和因果关系，起到话语提示作用。练习时要注意：讲课者的职业与身份、讲课的主题、所述问题的现状与发展、解决问题的方法等。新闻报道类在各种体裁中出现的较少，主要为时事报道、社论、特写、书评等。练习时要注意：事件发生的时间、地点、起因、 目前的状况及当局的评价。 二、对话类还考查对话的地点或事件发生的地点，或对话人来自何方要去何处。做这类题时，听音前，可根据选项中地点名词前的介词推断提问，如：出现介词in、at，问对话或事件发生的地点；出现介词to、from，问对话者去向或来自何方。听音时，要抓住与特定场 所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点，例如：在医院，医生与病人之间一般谈论健康治病问题；在机场，服务员与旅客之间一般谈论航班或飞机起飞等问题；在餐馆，一般谈论菜肴、饮料、服务质量等问题。在平常练习时要留心一些常见场所中常出现的词语。 三、对话类还考查数字与计算的应用。要求通过简单的加、减、乘、除来选出正确答案，它的侧重点在于对数字的辨音、记忆以及对话语的理解。在平常练习时，要注意街道、房间、电话、价格、时间的习惯表达方式、年代和世纪的口头与书面表达的差异等。
（一）要留意对话人的语音语调是否有违常规。相同的词句，采用的语调不同，表达的含义也就不同。当一般疑问句用降调读出时，表示说话人语气的肯定；当陈述句以升调读出时，表示说话人语气的疑问。 （二）留意词句重复。当speaker 2立即重复speaker 1讲话中的部分词句时，有两种含义：一是speaker 2否定speaker 1的意见，或者表示怀疑，一般用升调重复；二是speaker 2赞成speaker 1的观点（这种情况的试题较少），一般用降调重复。 （三）留意反问句式的陈述含义。当一个人提出问题后，第二个人不直接回答，而是用反问的形式来表达自己的观点和态度，如whynot．．．，don'tyou．．．，wouldyou．．．，howabout．．．。其中以why not出现的频率最高。第二人常在回答时使用的反问句只是以问句的形式提出建议，婉转地要求对方按照所提建议去做，或表示说话人肯定的态度。反问句为修辞性问句，在做题时，应从正面推断，寻找与第二人说话内容有关的肯定含义的陈述句。 （四）留心话语中的意流指示词。意流指示词是指在句子开头或句子之间具有逻辑关系的某些连词、副词或词组。如yes，of course， sure，certainly，no，sorry，well，not really，however，but，yet，besides等，它们连接的句子或句子成分往往是说话人要强调的内容。一般来说，yes，sure，certainly在句子开头表明说话人对某事的肯定或赞同；no，sorry，not really则表示说话人的否定或不赞同。而however， yet，but，besides则表示转折性的语气。 （五）留心虚拟语气的否定含义。在平时的学习中要熟悉虚拟语气的语法结构及其倒装形式；还有“情态动词＋不定式完成式”结构也表达与事实相反的含义：should have done sth．（应做而未做），shouldn't have done sth．（不该做而做了），needn't have done sth．（没必要做而做了）。 （六）从词汇、词组意思本身出发排除干扰。首先是否定意义的干扰，一些否定意义的副词、形容词、名词、动词、代词、连词等常在句中间接地表示否定意义，如：hardly，rarely， seldom ，scarcely，few，little，neither，nor，nothing，nobody，beyond，miss，fail，refuse，decline， dislike等。这些否定词对否定对象的否定程度不同，有的是完全否定，有的是部分否定，在学习中要体会其中的差异，从而准确地理解语义。 Section B为短文或听写类题型，其解题要领是：充分利用试卷结构及书面选择项所提供的信息；了解所提问题的类型。在听音前，利用备选答案预测试题可能涉及的内容与范围，这是听力应试的最基本技巧之一。短文的备选答案中正确答案可能与听力原文的内容相同，或是对原文内容的解释。因此听前浏览选项，不仅能获得与答题相关的信息，也能在听音时有目的、有意识地听取相关信息，而且对那些不重要的词句及听不懂的某些单词置之不理。如果某题的选择项是时间、地点、人物或数字，考生在听音时就可以有的放矢地注意这些具体的细节，从而快速而正确地做出选择。如果是对短文内容的讨论，考生可把注意力放在开头的主题句上，这样就可以有助于抓住全文的大意，较有把握地选择正确答案了。 平时的练习是打基础，要在六级听力测试中取得令人满意的成绩，考试时的临场发挥也相当重要。考生要学会精神放松，把考试只当作一次平时练习，在自己的考场坐位上做几次深呼吸，看看考场四周，熟悉熟悉环境，这样可以有助于缓解紧张情绪，全神贯注于听的内容。正式开始做题之后，要严格控制答题时间，根据自己听懂的内容，尽快确定并标出答案。倘若遇到没听懂的地方，不要理会它，以免影响做下一题，尽量余下几秒再次浏览下一题的选项。通过再次浏览，考生基本上可以预测出所提问题的大致方向，从而可使自己在听力测试中处于主动地位。当做上一题余下的几秒钟内看不完下一题的书面选择项时，则应把注意力放在听上，而不要为了看而耽误了听录音的内容，否则会造成题与题之间相互影响的恶性循环。 总之，要对自己有信心，相信自己的能力，坚信只要专心致志，只要尽了最大努力，就一定能发挥出自己的实际水平。 掌握节奏 合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140 词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。这就象是跳舞唱歌，拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。节奏要靠听录音来把握。考生可按以下步骤进行关于节奏的自测：找出一盘带有Directions 的六级听力磁带，从头开始放音。考生在录音人开始阅读 Direct ions时，快速阅读Section A各题选项（有能力的考生可读到Section B），等到Directions 即将读完迅速回到开头第一题，集中精力再浏览一遍第一题的四个选项。这时候应该正好开始播放考题。这就是听力考试开头应有的节奏。如果你总是以这种节奏开始，请保持这种节奏继续做题。如果不是，建议你多放几遍录音，掌握好这个节奏。答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间（一般少于10 秒/ 题），剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。请考生铭记：掌握节奏，按部就班地做好答题准备，就相当于拥有双倍的答题时间！ 听力是一种Paraphrase考试 Paraphrase 就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在六级听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征： [HTH]正确答案可能与原文用词不同，句式不同，但表示同一意思！[HTSS] 也就是说，可能原文从正面肯定某一观点，答案从反面否定别的观点。原文可能说“他只有晚上才有空”，答案说“他白天没有时间”。 与原文有词语重复或相同表达方式的往往被出题者设置成了起迷惑作用的干扰选项。平时注意掌握同义词组和表达可以帮你较好地paraphrase 。另外，考生在用听到的录音与选项对比以确定答案时，不能只靠个别词语的重复轻易下结论，而要从整体上去把握句子和文章的内容。请考生铭记：答案要经过Paraphrase(释义,意译)，不能仅以有原文重现作为选择答案的原则。 听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。六级听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。重读的每一处都具有提示作用。因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。重音和语调是最为重要的线索。辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。例如1997年6月Section A（9）： You will hear: M: How are their talks going on? Have they reached any agreement? W: They only seem to have agreed to set another date for further talks. Q: What can we infer from the conversation? You will read: A) The talks haven’t started yet. B) The talks haven’t achieved much. C) The talks have produced a general agreement. D) The talks broke down and could go no further.黑体部分是录音人强调之处，也正是答题的要点。从重读处可知答案为B。这道题只要听懂了以上几处就解决了。考生在训练时，应该有目的地注意重音和语调的变化，体会一下重音和语调给听者的感觉。请考生铭记:语调和重音是暴露考点的关键线索,把握重读部分就至少成功了一半。 大学英语六级考试对话听力题应试技巧4要点
1.熟悉考试题型
从大的方面来看，对话部分的考试题型分为两种：信息明示题和推理判断题。
(1)信息明示题〓这种题型主要要求考生理解对话中所表达出来的某一方面的信息，考试内
容主要包括以下几点：①对话大致发生的地点，②对话大致发生的时间；③对话中男女双方
的关系；④做某事所需的时间，买某东西所需金额等；⑤对话双方所谈论的内容。
例如：
1.W:I'd like to buy a new dress.
M:The women's department is on the second floor,madam.
Q:Where does this conversation probably take place?
选项： A.On the second floor. B.At a man's store.
C.In the woman's department. D.In a department store.
本题为地点信息明示题。本对话中出现了两个地点名词： the second floor和the woman's
department。从对话中可以听出女的想要买件新衣服，男的说女装部在二楼，很显然，四个
选项中 D的可能性最大。
2.M:Excuse me,does the express train leave at 2:05?
W:No.At 1:55.You must hurry.There are 5 minutes left.
Q:What time is it now?
选项： A.1:50. B.1:55. C.2:00. D.2:05
本题为时间信息明示题。本对话中三次谈到了时间： 2：05，1：55的5 minutes.从对话中可以听出男的问快车是否是2：05分开时，女的回答说是1：55开，现在只差五分钟了。很显然现在是1：50分。
(2)推理判断题〓这种题型是听力考试中较难的一种，它不仅要求考生听懂对话，掌握对
话内容，而且要求考生把握所听到的内容判断推理出对话中隐含的意思。
例如：
M： The city is going to pull down those old houses and put up a new shopp
ing center.
W:Another shopping center?That's nothing new!
Q:What does the woman mean?
选项： A.New shopping centers are very common.
B.The shopping center is very old.
C.The city needs more shopping centers.
D.The old house should be turned into stores.
在本对话中，当男的说要拆掉旧房子建新的购物中心时，女的先是用一个反问句：“再建一
个物中心 ?”接着用了一个十分肯定的句子：“这可没什么新鲜的东西。”因此可以推理出
其言外之意：购物中心太普遍了，即 A。
2.预测内容
考生一定要在考试前快速浏览每个题目的四个选择项来预测每道题可能要考的内容，有的放
矢、重点地来听这方面的内容，这样可以大大提高做题的准确性。例如：看见选项 A.Tea
cher B.Student C.Writer D.Editor便可预测这题是考对话中某一位的职业；看见选项 A.L
ibrarian and reader B. Professor and student C. Doctor and patient D. Secretary
and boss便可知此题考对话双方的身份；看见选项 A.In a shop.B. In a school.C. In a
hotel.D. In a restaurant.便可知这是考对话的地点；看见选项 A. Surprised.B.Glad.C
. Disappointed.D. Angry.便可预测本题考对话中的某一位的情绪、感受，是推理判断题。
3.抓住重点
一般来说，对话问题考对话双方谈话内容极少，多数情况重点考其中某一个人的说话内容，如何判定重点是很关键的。对话问题对话中的第二人谈话的内容的约占总考题的 70%～80%，
考第一个人谈话内容的考题约占 20%～30%。这就是说在尽可能全面听懂对话双方谈话内容的情况下重点抓住第二人的说话内容。
4.注意细节
(1)注意对话双方的语音语调，因为在口语中语音语调起表意作用。如降调表示肯定、赞同
，而升调则表示疑问、怀疑、否定。
(2)注意but后的信息。在一般情况下，but后的信息往往是问题的切入点。
(3)注意虚拟语气。因为虚拟语气常用来表示相反的观点，一定要与正常时态区别开来。
大学英语六级考试复合式听写应试技巧5个步骤
1.快速浏览全篇文章,努力掌握全文大意，从所给空格前后预测所要填写的单词和句
子。
2.考生在听第一遍时，以听为主，写为辅，应重点听清、记住空格中的单词或句子。第二遍以写为主，听为辅，尽量利用所给时间快速写出填入的单词和句子。第三遍边听边检
查，看是否误写或漏写。
3.辨别单词。对于空格处出现的单词要注意辨清。一般来说，需要填入的单词都为
实义词，如名词，形容词，副词或行为动词等。
4.快速存储信息。考生在做“要点”听写时要学会快速存储信息。要做到这一点，
可以运用缩略语或任何自己能够理解的速记符号，重点放在能把握句子主要意思的单词上。
这样，第三遍，甚至听第二遍以后就能写出所听句子的大意。
5.正确拼写单词。复合式听写不仅考考生的听力理解能力，也要考考生动手写单词
的能力。这就要求考生在平时的学习中不仅要听懂每个句子和单词的意思，而且要能正确地
写出每个单词，特别是长单词和难拼写的单词。 首先是语速太快。怎么解决？就是要具备相当的听力词汇，多加练习，以提高语速适应性。第二个困难是我们对英美人的发音习惯不太熟悉。首先是你自己的发音，如果你的发音不准，你很有可能把correct听成是collect，把go bad变质，变坏听成go to bed上床睡觉，把break the ice,听成break the eyes。发音不准有两个原因，一是方言。发音不准的第二个原因是初中高中老师的误导。发音方面的另一个问题是发音技巧不熟悉。如连读、失去爆破加音、省音等现象。 六级听力语音练习 1.易混淆的辅音[ f ] [ v ] [h] feasible vengeance hamper [θ] [ e] threshold thereafter [ ? ] [ ? ] shorthand garage [ ? ] [?] charity jeopardize [ ?] [?] feats beads [ tr ] [dr] trunk droop [m] [n] [?] massacre notion son song [ l ] [ r ] loyalty field world reconcile 2.连读(前面单词最后一个辅音字母的读音与第二个单词第一个原因字母的读音连起来)far away come on internal affairs good on you seven o’clock ten o’clock an American an old lady in a hotel on a sunny day half a year here and there lack of nothing a number of sold out for a year 3.加音(为了连读前面单词最后一个元音与第二个单词的第一个元音而加音)I can see it. [ j ] Can you see it? [ j ] I can do it. [w] Can you do it? [w] I saw it myself.[w] You saw it by yourself?[w] I did it myself. [ei] You did it by yourself? [ei] He got it. [ei] He didn’t get it. [ei] I’ll type it tomorrow. [ei] I typed it yesterday. [ei] You can’t copy it. [ j ] I didn’t copy it. [ j ] 4.不完全爆破(发前面的爆破音时只做口形但不送气)a bad cold take care I don’t believe it. Good tea a bad boy work too hard look good a blackboard a handbag a suitcase I have read the book. Put the book on the desk The rich and the poor. Let’s have a good chat. He has made the right choice. It’s a very bad joke. That’s a very bad thought. I would like to have one. Let me have a look at it. Good morning, sir. They are mostly teenagers. She came back after midnight. 5.同化(一个音受到另一个音影响或与另一个音接触产生第三个音，或这两个音的混合音) Did you go to the flower show? I thought you would come. Did you tell her the news? I’m very glad to meet you? Does she like the color? Please show me the way. 6.一些口语中的发音gonna = going to I am gonna get a job. gotta = got to I’ve gotta go now. = I’ve got to go now. wanna = want to I wanna listen some pops. Scuse me = Excuse me Scuse me, but can I use the phone? Why’d ya = Why did you Where’d ya = Where did you When’d ya = When did you How’d ya = How did you —Why’d ya come so late, Bob?—How’d ya get the job, Bob? —Traffic was heavy. I was held up.—Through a friend of mine. ’em = them Do you like the kids? Sure. I love’em. 短期内如何提高听力的技巧 1.广泛地背单词、背词组是一个基础工作2.精听为主，泛听为辅。精听强调词汇、短语和句子结构，强调的是语言本身，就是一个字一个字地往过抠，标点符号都要搞清楚。泛听是抓大意，听重点信息，强调的是内容。泛听不如精听，你这次听不懂的单词和意群，放过去了，下次遇到还是不懂，练习时，一句一个暂停，把它听写下来，听3、5遍后，发现有实在听不懂的，马上看原文，但看过后应反复听，对听力而言，反复听已听懂的要比听听不懂的重要的多，效果也好很多。3.朗读与跟读使用过的材料，主要是纠音，并熟悉语调，记清楚听力中的问题词汇和短语4.看原版电影可以的盖住字幕找那种对白多一点的电影老是打斗场面没多大效果5.听歌曲发音技巧比较多一些但要提防里面的broken grammar 题型分类 小对话、段落理解、听写填空、复合式听写考试出题，每次任选两种，各10分，但主要为1＋2(18/20)和1＋4(2/20)组合，两个趋势：听力最低分，总分加大到30分，增加主观题的比重，加强听说能力，故要警惕听写题型。www.moe.edu.cn 六级听力必背场景词汇(四大场景：图书馆、大学、餐馆、医院) 图书馆场景：周刊periodical最近一刊latest issue学术类期刊journal外借let out仅限馆内阅读put on reserve到期due过期overdue付罚款pay a fine图书管理员librarian索书条call slip图书目录catalog 续借renew书库stack开架选书open-shelf 大学场景：本科生undergraduate全体教职员工faculty导师tutor必修课required/compulsory course选修课elective/optional course学分credits小论文essay学位论文dissertation 学期报告term paper最终期限deadline延期extension 期末考试finals期中考试mid-term小测验quiz ace考得很好的博士学位doctorate 学费tuition fee助学金fellowship奖学金scholarship 餐馆场景：酒馆、客栈pub汽车旅馆motel(乡村或公路边上的)旅馆inn甜食dessert软饮料soft drink色拉salad葡萄酒wine三明治sandwich派pie 威士忌whisky账单bill小费tip付账单pay the bill这饭菜不错worth the money各付各的账Let’s split it这次我请客This is my treat go Dutch AA制医院场景：外科医生surgeon内科医生physician药片tablet处方prescription手术operation骨折fracture流感flu心脏病heart attack昏迷faint 嗓子痛sore throat高血压high blood pressure特护病房ICU (intensive care unit)探视时间visiting hours急救病房emergency rooms 银行场景：账户account存折bank book开户open an account信用卡credit card 存款deposit透支overdraw自动提款机ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) 利率interest rate支票户头check account银行职员bank clerk将支票兑换成现金cash the check 旅馆场景：无空房(be)booked up客房服务room service登记入住手续check in结账check out 单/双人间single/double room订房reserve行李员porter登记员register 前台front desk前台服务reception 邮局场景：快递服务EMS(Express Mail Service)航空邮件air mail邮资postage 小包裹package/parcel超重overweight发电报send a telegram 挂号信registered letter明信片postcard加急电报urgent cable 机场/车站场景：航班flight登机board着陆land安检登记check in 晚/准点到达behind/on schedule飞机票价格airfare飞机离开departure月台platform加油站gas station汽车修理处garage 打电话场景：接线员operator线路繁忙The line is busy长途电话long distance call对方付费电话collect call Can you put me through to this number?请接……Your call has been put through.你的电话接通了put sb. on让某人接电话租房场景：租契lease漏水leak铺屋顶的公司roofing company停(水、电、气)cut off 黑的伸手不见五指blackout搬家公司moving company 零星小场景：This shoe shop is having a special/big sale this week.大甩卖on sale大甩卖brand品牌bargain便宜货counter柜台barber’s理发馆have a haircut/have one’s hair cut理发发型hairstyle美发师hairdresser 刮胡子shave络腮胡whiskers下巴上的胡子moustache嘴唇上的胡子beard香波shampoo 六级听力重要短语补充(60个) accompany…while…sing a fraction of The students were all ears in the professor’s class. Which position appeals to you most? as…as: as fit as a fiddle by and large at a loss beside oneself break out in a rash for the time being be fed up with bend on…/doing…chase the rainbows come in contact with be concerned with cut down on die out drop in/by drop out of school fall flat go about have the final say hold out for…in the heat of the day / in the dead of night be in the mood to do /be not in the mood to do/in a good mood/in the mood for lay off take…for…regardless of…remove…from rule out…set one’s mind on doing…slip one’s mind somewhere around take one’s place The reverse is also true. be under the weather without fail good-for-nothing have done with hit the ceiling let alone a phone call away It is all very well to say/do that…but…burn the midnight oil/get a smell of the midnight oil burn a hole in one’s pocket/spend money like water anything but pat…on the back see eye to eye with…keep an eye on…fall back on…fool around How much did the car cost? It cost me an arm and a leg. in the air/on air take after serve…right …deserves it. in shape/out of shape take one’s chance make a difference/not make a difference draw to a close 学听力有四个阶段 第一是词的读音和词的意思对应起来的阶段。因为我们阅读，是把词形和词义建立起一种联系。而在听力的过程中，我们需要知道哪个读音代表的是什么意思。这就要求我们在记单词的过程中，就要眼、耳、口、舌、心并到。最好买那种有例句配磁带的词汇书，耳朵里塞着耳机，嘴里跟着念念有词，眼睛盯着这个词，建立起一种音、形、义的联系。读音不准的同学一定要在纠音上下功夫。因为如果你读错，你很可能会听错。Correct会听成collect, pollution会听成illusion。自己把自己读的东西录成磁带，自己听听，或者找英语老师听听。实在纠正不过来的同学，也不要紧，那你必须记住，人家词带上的question,你老读成question(琴)，人家的pollution,你读pollution(音)。要我这种纠错意识。像听写那样的题你就可以搞定。第二、第三个阶段是你听懂每个词，你仍然可能听不懂一个短语、一个句子。这里面有两个原因，一个是这个短语你不知道意思。比如Beat around the bush，你听清楚了每一个单词，知道它是beat around the bush,但你不知道它是什么意思。其实它的意思和在灌木丛的周围打相距甚远。拐弯抹角，模棱两可，含含糊糊，遮遮掩掩，闪烁其辞，欲道还羞。还有一个原因是英美人的发音技巧你不熟悉。比如an ounce of sugar, pots and pots of flowers, break it up not at all等，这是连读。还有失去爆破，省音、同化等现象，比如bread and butter。我们跟老外打招呼，吃了么？老外不懂，因为这里面有连读，没有连读成么，一个字一个字地说，吃了没有？聪明点的老外能懂，笨一点的还不懂，你就说have you eaten?看他懂不懂？既然来中国了，就要学中国人的打招呼的方式。第四个阶段,你怎么听一句一句的话连起来的一个passage。这是最难的，这与你的阅读理解能力紧密相关，因为你听的过程，是只是就是一种用耳朵在读的过程。平时要加大训练，我觉得要以精听为主，泛听为辅。精听就是要仔仔细细地听，连每个标点符号都听清楚。跟着精听做大量的听写练习，如果你能把新概念3上的60个passages都听写完，你的六级听力绝对能过 听力的小对话题型分类 大致可以分为十三类。数字价格运算和时间加减运算，可以说是数字题，做题时注意，听到的数字一定不是答案，因为这类数字题，不但要考你辨音，而且要求你运算，不但要辨，而且要算。说到了手表，这只手表一定不准。数字价格运算选项均为数字＋计量单位，提问一般为：a.How much does something cost？b.How much should one pay for something？e.g. M: When I am 65, I will retire from my position. W: Oh, there are three years to go. Q: how old is the man now? 技巧：出现的不是答案，必须经过加减乘除运算，以乘法最多，无开方平方等。做笔记怎么做笔记？听一个例子：Test 7 P34 I’ll have these shoes. Please tell me how much I owe you. They are $40 a pair and three pairs make a total of $120. But today we offer a 10% discount. Q: How much does the man have to pay? 时间加减运算选项为时间，几点几分，提问为：c.when will something leave？d.When will somebody arrive？e.What time is it now？e.g. M: My watch is 8 o’clock sharp. Is it right? W: I don’t think so. My watch is 8: 10. But it is three minutes faster. Q: what is the time now? 技巧：提到了手表，这只表一定是不准的，所以要注意表的快慢问题，注意一些时间单位的换算a quarter to/past/after 10? 1：58 to 22：22 快用减法，慢用加法，出现频率不高下来是人物职业，人物关系，地点题，人物动作题，我把它们归为一类，叫场景题，因为这三类题的答案都可以通过相关的场景词汇判断出来。比如：what can I do for you? Give me a couple of coffee and the special today。问：where does this conversation most likely take place?肯定是在餐馆吧！换一种问法：what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?那肯定是waitress and customer。因为有那么多的场景词在暗示着你。第7种叫：中but题型，就是中间有个but,你注意重点是but后面的东西。或听懂了but前的东西，否定掉。但注意一般but弱读。但第8种与此相反,叫中心思想题。重点在第一个人的话上。比如：女问：are you married?男：no. But I have a big house in the suburbs, I have two cars, I raise three dogs and I live with my mother. Q: what are they talking about? A: life in the suburbs B: how to raise dogs C: family relationship D: marital status。 第9中细节列举题，M: Hello, this is Tom Davis. I’d like to have an appointment with Mrs. Jones. Could you tell me her schedule? W: I am afraid you cannot see her now. She has gone to New York for a 7 day conference. And on her way back, she’ll be staying in California for 4 days and she will be back the day after tomorrow. Q: where is Mrs. Jones now?细节题一定要记笔记。 第十种意义解释题，比较麻烦：难解的语法：Did you watch the game last night? I wouldn’t
have missed it for anything.难解的词组：what do you think of Tom? Well,
I don’t think much of him. He is just a stuffed shirt. A:穿衣不讲究，随便B总穿同一个牌子的衬衫C.衬衫里总是塞满了东西d:非常傲慢这种方法选出来的，千万不能检查，直觉。11种：建议题注意听why
not…why don’t you…you’d better…I suggest…的内容12种：态度题what do you think
of…How do you find…注意听第二个人的话13弦外之音题 一、 语音语调清晰明了 从去年底的考试开始，听力部分的男声就在清晰度上有了明显的改善。这次仍然维持清晰的男声，并且是美音，加大了可辨识的程度。女生维持了以往的清晰，并且英音的味道并没有重到可以影响听音的程度。唯一影响大一点的就是第一篇passage的第一句话Born and raised in central Ohio, I am a country girl through and through.。在英音的影响下确实很难一下反应过来。好在这句话本身也不重要所以总的来说影响也不大。 另外，第2、3、10三道题目很明显的是在考察语气语调。其实只需要分别听清楚第二人最开始说的“No problme!”，“ Coffee sounds great!”和“You must be kidding!”的语气语调后面的话基本不需要听，题目也可以解出来，非常的容易。 二、 词汇几乎没有难点 本次题目当中确实有个别的疑难或者生僻词汇，如：freshman orientation program，idle around，physical therapist，predator，Sea Dragon，meat-eater，grasshopper，twist等。不过大家仔细分析后就可以发现，其中一些单词或者词组根本就不重要，比如：freshman orientation program，idle around，twist。另外一些在选项和文章中多次给与提示，比如：predator。文章中生怕大家不懂，专门给了一句话来解释，说“A pedator is an animal that hunts and eats another animal.”还有一些完全可以根据文章内容和单词本身猜测，比如：physical therapist。因为文章中多次提到有关hospital, handicap等词语可以得知这个中心词语应该是和medical care有关的。还有meat-eater，顾名思义就可以猜到是食肉动物的意思。最后还有一些单词是可以当作一个整体来看待的，比如Sea Dragon，grasshopper。我们不需要去理解这些单词的意思，只需要把他们理解成“It”这个单位即可。由此可见，单词确实是听力考试中最不重要的部分。只要巧妙的处理，单词生疏的问题完全可以很好地克服。 三、 题材涉及仍然和生活息息相关 我们可以看到，10个短对话涉及了新生入学，换灯泡，泡咖啡，工作态度，找人，交通违规，看病，择校，看演出。三篇passage涉及了两篇有关教育的和一篇动物自我保护的。总的来说没有涉及偏怪难的题材。在这些题材上我们以前总结的技巧也都是适用的。比如考前我一再强调的语气语调，上文中提到了已经考察了3道题目。另外还有还有考察but的1、2、3、6题，根据原则可以直接得出答案。第6题听到ticket说明违反交通规则，第10题评价演出永远是正面的等等。另外，第4体的虚拟语气，第7题的比较级，第10题的双重否定等也是我再考前一再强调的考点。 关于passage，题目完全没有乱序，工整的从文章的开头考到结尾。其中头尾考了6道，中间考了4道。每次遇到情景转换的时候就会考到题目，这一点也完全符合我们所讲解的技巧。另外再passage中常用到的听到什么就选什么以及重复原则在这次考中也有着很好地体现。 四、 疑难题目偏向深层理解 最后不得不提到的是本次考试的难点已经向深层理解转化了。大家不仅要听懂，要理解，还需要结合实际生活深入的解析。比如一道颇有争议的短对话第5题就属于这样的类型，我们不妨一起分析一下。 5. M: Hello, Mary! This is Paul at the bank. Is Tony home? W: Not yet, Paul. I don’t think you can reach him at the office now either. He phoned me five minutes ago to say he was stopping for a haircut on his way home. Q: Who do you think the woman probably is? 这到题目的争议就在于说话的女人Mary到底是Tony的wife还是secretary。大家不妨试想一下：男人很礼貌的说This is Paul at the bank，我们就可以推断出Paul和Mary并不是类似好朋友的关系(因为好朋友不需要介绍自己在银行工作)，而是一种仅仅认识但不是很熟悉的关系。另外，Paul介绍自己在银行工作并且要找的人不是Mary而是Tony也间接的说明他找Tony是为了公事而不是私事。所以综上所述我们可以推断出来Mary只能是Tony的秘书，而Paul之所以叫得出Mary的名字是因为工作的联系，这才符合题目本身的语境。如果Mary是Tony的Wife， Paul打电话找Tony却抓起电话就叫得出Mary的名字而且不加任何的敬语(如：Mrs.)，说明Paul和Mary一定很熟悉，那为什么Paul还要多此一举自我介绍说自己是在银行工作呢？所以个人认为这到题目最合理的解释应该是Mary是Tony的secretary。如果没有深层次的理解，这到题目恐怕很难想通。至于很多同学说Paul问Mary: “Is Tony home?” 则表示Mary在家里，这样说也有道理，而且这两种情况在日常生活中都有发生。从表层观点来看，wife确实是个相当妥帖的答案。从语言本身的逻辑来看，secretary可能显得更加符合语境。至于正确答案是哪一项，只有等批卷老师做定铎了。我们学习英语更多的是需要把握的是语言本身的实际应用能力，而不是死抠一道选择题的对错，这也是大学英语4/6级考试现在改革的方向之一。 综上所述，本次6级题目的难度和往年基本持平，并且略有降低，没有很突出的疑难点。只要大家平静心态，合理发挥，应该都会取得不错的成绩。另外感觉不理想的同学也不要灰心，除了对考试技巧多加琢磨以外，更多的精力应该放在能力提高上，这样对于今后的考试才能做到有备无患。 附：本次考题的参考答案 1. C. She is not sure she can pass on the message. 2. D. Hold the ladder for him. 3. B. He’d like some coffee. 4. C. He might get fired. 5. A. Tony’s secretary. 6. A. He was fined for running a red light. 7. C. He finds reward more effective than punishment. 8. B. At the dentist’s. 9. B. He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark. 10. A. It was applaudable. 11. B. Medical care. 12. C. Her determination to fulfill her dream. 13. B. To help disabled children there. 14. D. In a small village in Chile. 15. A. By expanding their minds and horizons. 16. D. She made outstanding contributions to children’s education. 17. A. She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature. 18. C. How animals protect themselves against predators. 19. B. Its plant-like appearance. 20. A. It helps improve their safety.
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