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英语四级考试真题及详解
2003年12月
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.
M: Did you see Martha just now? I want to ask her to go with us
to the concert tonight.
W: She must be around somewhere. You might still be able to catch
her.
Q: What does the woman mean?
2.
M: I can’t bare the air pollution in this city anymore. It is getting
worse and worse.
M: You said it. We’ve never had so many factories before.
Q: What does the man mean?
3.
M: Just think I went through so much work on my paper only to get
a C.
W: Well, I don’t think grades are everything. What you have learned
in the process will prove useful in your future work.
Q: What does the woman imply?
4.
M: My brother is coming this weekend, and I was thinking the three
of us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions?
W: It’s up to you. I don’t know the restaurant here that well.
Q: What does the woman mean?
5.
M: I couldn’t have won the award without your assistance. Thank
you very much.
M: You have been working so hard. You deserve the honor.
Q: What do we learned from the conversation?
6.
M: I’d like to sign up for some voluntary work with the environment
council. I hear it is a great way to connect with the community.
W: It sure is. But you’ll have to put in a lot of hours. So you
must leave some room in scheduling your time.
Q: What does the woman imply?
7.
M: Can you tell me when I can leave here, doctor? I have some important
business to attend to.
M: That depends on how your condition reacts to our treatment. You
may leave as soon as the bleeding stops. I think that will take
a couple of days.
Q: What does the doctor mean?
8.
M: I’m told Alice is trying to find a job in an electronics company.
W: As far as I know, she is good at anything but electronics.
Q: What does the woman mean?
9.
M: Jimmy is going on a journey tomorrow. Shall we have a farewell
dinner tonight?
W: Do you think it’s necessary? You know he will be away just a
few days.
Q: What does the woman mean?
10.
M: I thought you were going to call me last night about the plans
for the conference on language teaching.
W: Sorry, I should have, but Tom and Jane stopped by and stayed
until midnight.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
Section B
Passage One
The Golden Gate Bridge joins the beautiful city of San Francisco
with the suburbs to the north. Each day about one hundred thousand
automobiles cross the bridge taking people to and from the city.
More than half of them cross the bridge during the morning and evening
rush hours. When traffic is so heavy the trip is not pleasant. Now,
however, there is at least one group of happy commuters. These are
the people who travel under the bridge instead of on it. They go
to work by boat and enjoy it so much that most of them say they
will never go by car again. The ferry they take is spacious, quiet
and comfortable. Commuters can enjoy the sun on deck.In the morning
they can have breakfast in the coffee shop. And in the evening they
can order a drink in the bar while looking at the beautiful scenery.
The trip takes only 30 minutes and is not very costly. Best of all,
being on a boat seems to make people more friendly toward each other.
There has already been a marriage of two commuters who met on the
ferry. Because the ferry has been so successful, there are plans
to use other still larger boats. There is also a proposal for a
high speed boat that will make the trip in only 15 minutes. But
not everyone is happy about that. A lot of people feel that half
an hour is just enough time to relax.
11. According to the speaker how do commuters feel about crossing
the Golden Gate Bridge by car?
12. What does the speaker say about ferry commuters?
13. How do commuters respond to plans for the future of the ferry?
Passage Two
How many teeth have you had filled in the past two years? If you
follow the advice of Dr.Faustick, you may be able to reduce the
number of your visits to a dentist. Dr. Faustick conducted a two-year
survey to find out how to prevent or reduce dental decay. 946 students
took part in an experiment. 523 students cleaned their teeth within
ten minutes of eating: when possible they used a toothbrush, when
this was impossible they washed their mouth thoroughly with water.
The remaining 423 students merely cleaned their teeth when they
went to bed and when they got up in the morning. All the students
had their teeth X-rayed at the end of the first and second years.
At the end of the first year, the night and morning group had three
times as many decayed teeth as the clean after each meal group.
At the end of the second year the latter group had 53 percent fewer
decayed teeth than the former group. Dr. Faustick has cleaned his
teeth after meal for thirteen years and has not had a single decayed
tooth. He pointed out that sugar is a major agent in dental decay.
Particularly the sugar in sweets, cakes, and soft drinks. Ideally
you should keep a tooth brush in your pocket and use it immediately
after you have finished eating. When this is impractical you can
at least make sure that you have a drink of water and let the water
through your teeth to force out any particles of food. 7 out of
10 people loose at least half of their teeth by the time they are
fifty. Many have a complete set of false teeth by that time. In
any case neither toothache nor a visit to a dentist is
very pleasant. So it is worthwhile making an effort to keep you
own teeth as long as possible. The main preventative agent is simply
water.
14. According to the passage what kind of food is most likely to
cause dental decay?
15. What does the passage tell us about the condition of Dr. Faustick’s
teeth?
16. What does Dr. Faustick suggest to prevent dental decay?
Passage Three
The worldwide Organization of the Red Cross stems from the ideal
of Henri Dunant, a Swiss Banker. In 1838, at the age of ten, Dunant
was taken by his father to visit a prison, there he saw prisoners
chained together exercising in the yard and breaking stones along
the road. This experience left a deep impression on him and made
him determined to do something for convicts and slaves and for all
who were oppressed and deprived of their liberty. On 24th June 1859
while on his way from Geneva to France, Dunant witnessed the battle
between the French and
Austrian armies. It was one of the fiercest battles of the 19th
century. Shocked by the lack of medical supplies and attention given
to the wounded, Dunant decided that a volunteer service had to be
organized. He gathered together a number of women who attended to
the hundreds of wounded soldiers of all nationalities and helped
the surgeons as best they could. From that battle Dunant determined
to form a body of people who would rally together in times of war
and attend to the needs of wounded and dying. Dunant held that a
suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only and
without regard to race, religion, or political beliefs. Many European
states supported him and on 22nd August 1864 the first Geneva Convention
was signed. This lays down that once a soldier is wounded he and
everyone else who comes to his help ceases to be an enemy. A symbol
by which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. As
a tribute to Switzerland,the symbol was the Swiss flag reversed.
That is a red cross on a white ground. So the Red Cross was born.
17. What first led Henri Dunant to think of helping the oppressed?
18. What did Henri Dunant do during the battle between the French
and Austrian armies?
19. What was Henri Dunant’s belief when he founded the Red Cross?
20. Why was the symbol of the Red Cross designed with a red cross
on a white ground?
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.C
这是一个理解题。男士问女士刚才是否看见玛莎，并且提到他今晚将和玛莎一起去音乐会，女士回答说玛莎就在附近，他应该可以找到她（You
might still be able to catch her.）显然答案为C。
2.A
这是一个推理题。女士抱怨说自己再也无法忍受城市越来越糟糕的空气污染，男士说正是如此，以前从没有过这么多的工厂。他间接地表达了工业的发展导致了空气污染加重的事实。所以A对。
3.B
这是一个理解题。男士说想想他在试卷上写了那么多才得了C，言下之意好象得不偿失。女士说她认为分数并不重要，重要的是在努力过程中所学会的东西才对将来工作有帮助，也就是B所表达的意思。
4.B
这是一个理解题。男士说自己的哥哥或弟弟周末要来，问女士三个人一起到外面就餐如何？女士说由男士决定，自己对附近的餐馆不了解。从对话谈论的内容就可以知道女士是让男士自己就这一问题拿主意，即答案为B。
5.D
这是一个推理题。女士对男士表示谢意说没有他的帮助自己不可能得奖。男士说她一直努力，理所应当。答案为D。其实本题也可用排除法，即区分谁得了奖，同样就可以得出答案D。
6.C
这是一个理解题。男士说他想报名参加一些环境委员会组织的义务工作，他听别人说这是一个了解社区的好途径。女士说确实如此，但得投入许多时间，所以她建议男士在时间安排中留出些时间。题干问的是女士的话语意思，所以选C。
7.B
这是一个理解题。女士问男士自己什么时候可以离开，她有一些重要的事务要处理。男士说那要取决于治疗情况，血一止住就可以走，不过他认为要化好几天时间。显然，男士（即医生）的意思是B的内容。8.A
这是一个理解题。男士说自己得知艾丽斯要到一家电子公司求职。女士说就自己所知，艾丽斯对电子一窍不通。本题主要考对“anything
but”的听力理解。所以女士的意思是A。
9.C
这是一个推理题。男士说吉米明天要去旅行了，今晚要举行告别宴会吗？女士说有必要吗？吉米只离开几天啊！言下之意就是C的内容。
10.D
这是一个有关虚拟语气的推理题。男士说，关于语言教学研讨会的计划，他以为女士昨晚会给他打电话（当然，结果没打）。女士说，本来该打的，很抱歉（结果没打）；因为汤姆和简顺便来访且一直呆到深夜。所以选D。
Section B
Passage One
【短文大意】金门桥把美丽的旧金山市和郊区和北部连接起来。每天有近十万辆载人的汽车来回穿梭在大桥上。其中有一半多的人是在早晚交通高峰期时过桥的，因此旅程苦不堪言。然而现在有一群快乐的通勤者，他们从桥下而不是从桥上通过，他们很高兴坐半小时的船上班，其中一些人甚至对未来渡口决定采用15分钟的快船并不那么欢迎。
11.C
题目问的是，在作者看来，乘车通过金门桥的人感受如何？根据其中一句“More than half of them cross the
bridge during the morning and evening rush hours when traffic is
so heavy the trip is not pleasant.”可知答案为C。即使这一句不太清楚，下面一句转折的话也可以帮助推测“Now
however there is at least one group of happy commuters.”
12.D
题目问作者如何描述选择坐船的通勤者？本题可采用排除法，排除A和B，文中没有提及。再根据其中一句“Best of all, being
on a boat seems to make people more friendly toward each other.”可得出D。
13.B
题目问坐船的通勤者对渡口未来的计划如何反应？根据短文最后两句话“But not everyone is happy about
that. A lot of people feel that half an hour is just enough time
to relax.”显然答案为B。
Passage Two
【短文大意】福斯梯克医生进行了一个为期两年的实验来调查怎样预防或减少蛀虫。有946个学生参加了实验。其中有523位学生在可能的情况下餐后十分钟用牙刷刷牙，不可能的时候就彻底地用水洗了口。剩余的423位学生只在早晚用牙刷刷牙。一年后后者患虫牙的机率比前者高三倍。两年后前者蛀牙率比后者少53%。福斯梯克医生十三年来一直坚持在每餐饭后刷牙，因此没有一颗蛀牙。他指出糖是牙齿腐烂的一个主要因素。而预防的一个主要途径就是用水洗口。
14.A
题目问的是：根据短文，哪一种食物最可能导致牙齿的衰退？福斯梯克医生已经指出糖是牙齿衰退的一个主要因素，“Particularly
the sugar in sweets, cakes, and soft drinks.”。
15.B
题目问的是：文章告诉了我们什么关于福斯梯克医生牙齿的情况？根据文中句子“Dr. Faustick has cleaned his
teeth after meal for thirteen years and has not had a single decayed
tooth.”和“7 of out 10 people loose at least half of their teeth by
the time they are fifty.”以及“Many have a complete set of false teeth
by that time.”，可以推而得知。
16.D
题目问的是：福斯梯克医生提出了什么建议来预防牙齿衰退？根据短文中的句子“Ideally you should keep a tooth
brush in your pocket and use it immediately after you have finished
eating.”和上文中的实验以及福斯梯克医生的亲身经历“Dr. Faustick has cleaned his teeth
after meal for thirteen years and has not had a single decayed tooth.”，可以得出答案D。
Passage Three
【短文大意】本文讲的是国际红十字会组织的诞生。文中提到1838年，十岁的邓伦特被他的父亲带到一所监狱看见了一群用铁链锁住的囚犯在院子中沿着道路粉碎石头，使他萌发了要为失去自由的囚犯和倍受压迫的奴隶做点工作的念头。又提到1859
年6月 24 日他在从日内瓦到法国的途中目击了法国和奥地利军队之间战争的残酷，决定组织志愿服务者。他聚集了许多妇女来照顾不同国籍的伤兵和帮助外科医生进行救治。他认为：遭受痛苦的人不受种族、宗教和政治信仰的限制都应该得到救治。后来他的建议得到许多欧洲国家支持，并且在1864
年8月22 日签署了第一个日内瓦协议。为了纪念瑞士的贡献，又以颠倒的瑞士国旗为会旗。
17.A
题目问的是：什么最初使得邓伦特想到要帮助受压迫者？文中提到1838年，十岁的邓伦特被他的父亲带到一所监狱看见了一群用铁链锁住的囚犯在院子中沿着道路粉碎石头，使他萌发了要为失去自由的囚犯和倍受压迫的奴隶做点工作的念头。所以选A。
18.C
题目问的是：法国和奥地利战争期间邓伦特做了什么？文中提到他在从日内瓦到法国的途中目击了法国和奥地利军队之间战争的残酷，决定组织自愿服务。他聚集了许多妇女来照顾不同国籍的伤兵和帮助外科医生进行救治。因此选C。
19.D
题目问的是：邓伦特在创建国际红十字会组织的时候有什么信念？文中提到他认为：遭受痛苦的人不受种族、宗教和政治信仰的限制都应该只因为他自身而得到救治。故D对。
20.C
题目问的是：为什么国际红十字会组织的标志设计为白底红十字？为了纪念瑞士的贡献，又以颠倒的瑞士国旗为会旗。所以选C。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】 本文介绍了维生素的作用。越来越多研究表明即使少量的维生素缺乏也会有损身体健康。尽管关于维生素好处的证据还不是很充分，但花钱买维生素是很划算的。健康人至少连续两年每天吃400单位维生素E就不大可能患心脏病。但心脏病患者再吃维生素E却于事无补。维生素E的作用主要是预防而不是治疗疾病。但过量服用维生素也会引起麻烦。
21.A
本题为事实推断题。依据首段第一句话就可推断出以前的医生对服用复合维生素不以为然，因为他们认为维生素不能被人体吸收-----从小便中排出体外。所以A为正确选项。
22.B
细节推断题。其答题依据为第二段第二句话。有关维生素的实验研究往往费时而且引起更多的疑问，言外之意此实验研究的结果没有定论。故B为正确答案。
23.C
事实判断题。其答题依据为第四段，尤其是该段最后一句。维生素E有预防心脏病的功效但不能治好心脏病。故C 正确。B为干扰项，服用维生素E只是不太可能患心脏病，并不是有效减少心脏病的复发率，所以B不对。
24. A
细节判断题。答题依据为第七段第二句话。大剂量服用维生素会引起大出血、神经系统的毛病及其它副作用。故A为正确答案。
25.D
作者观点推断题。答题依据为最后一段。维生素不能代替运动和均衡的饮食。只要人们对维生素的好处不盲从，那每天适量服用它就很有益处。故D
为正确答案。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文介绍了关于职业女性与婚姻的两种观点。有些未来学家认为随着女性劳动力人数的急剧增长，许多女性会选择不结婚。与此相反，另一种观点认为职业女性的增加会使结婚的人数也增加。作者显然赞成后一种观点。职业女性能提高家庭的收入和生活标准，因此有助于家庭情感的稳固。从心理因素考虑，职业女性在工作上的成就感也有利于家庭关系的稳定。女性成为家庭经济收入的主力军能提高她们在家里的地位，并有里利于婚姻中男女的平等。
26. B
词汇猜意考查题。portend v 预示，预兆;根据第一段第一句的句意可推断正确答案为B。
27. D
细节判断题。答题依据为第一段倒数底二句话。数据表明在经济衰退时，许多人因为无法负担组建家庭或因为对未来的困难没有把握而不结婚。故D为正确答案。
28. C
事实判断题。答题依据为第三段最后一句话。女性在工作上的成就感有利于婚姻关系的稳定。故C为正确答案。
29. A
细节推断题。答题依据为第三段第二句话。女性没有工作会有被囚禁在家的感受，她会选择离婚作为解救自己的唯一出路。故A为正确答案。
30. D
文章主旨判断题。整段文章的主旨可从最后一句话看出。故D为正确答案。
Passage Three
【短文大意】本文介绍了对普遍人性观点的三种挑战。大多数哲学家认为人性将人与动物区分开来，人性使人成为理性的存在。但近来由于三种新的观点，这种传统观点受到质疑。第一种新视角就是历史研究方法。该方法认为远古人与现代人相去甚远。美国人类学家的研究也赞成历史研究方法，人类学家认为人类生下来就像一张白纸等待文化的涂写。第二种新视角认为所谓“人性”的说法不过是为人类非人道的行为做掩护，如亚里士多德利用“人性”为奴隶制作辩护。第三种挑战来自于进化论。一旦人被视为处于不断进化的过程当中，普遍人性的观点自然就站不住脚。
31. B
纵观全文得出对普遍人性这一看法的挑战主要来自历史研究观点。而题干是问对“人性”的挑战主要来自何种观点。故B为正确答案。
32. C
细节判断题。答题依据为第二段第四句。对远古民族的研究揭示了人类风俗、价值观、感情和思想的多样性，因此许多考古学家认为人类出生时像一张白纸，真正起决定作用的是文化。言外之意没有固定不变的人性。故C为正确答案。
33. B
事实判断题。答题依据为第二段第五句。作者以亚里士多德为例说明有些哲学家用“人性”的名义作为掩护人类罪恶的幌子。故B为正确答案。
34. D
词汇猜意考查题。untenable adj. 站不住脚的，无法辩护的。根据本句上下文可知正确答案为D。
35. A
细节题。答案可从第一段看出。
Passage Four
【短文大意】本文是篇介绍“虚拟现实外科手术”的科普说明文。Richard Satava----高级医疗技术的程序经理，他是推动虚拟现实外科手术发展的主力。虚拟外科手术利用计算机为外科医生创造虚拟的手术环境。这种技术可以让美国海外作战的伤员在当地移动医疗中心接受手术。
36. C
细节判断题。答题依据为第一段和二段。将虚拟技术运用到外科手术中能每个战壕都有一个外科医生，即海外战场的医疗条件能大大提高。故C为正确答案。
37. A
细节推断题。答案依据第三段。故A为正确答案。
38. C
细节推断题。答题依据为第四段最后两句话。虚拟手术的过程外科医生通过观察伤口的三维画面，他们操作与电脑联网的仪器，电脑将他们的动作传递给机器人医生来操刀外科手术。故C为正确答案。
39. D
细节推断题。答题依据为倒数第二段第一句话。为了将伤口看得更清，外科医生都戴上三维眼镜。故D为正确答案。
40. D
事实判断题。答题依据为倒数第二段最后一句话。外科医生指挥机器人外科医生切除坏的组织，机器人比真人外科医生更精确地操刀动手术。故D为正确答案。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41. C
形容词辨析题。因为计划很可行他建议我们实行该计划。probable adj.可能的；sustainable adj. 可持续的；feasible
adj. 可行的；eligible adj.合格的。根据句意feasible切题故选C。
42. A
名词辨析题。这本书讲述的是这些基本的信仰和价值观是如何影响美国生活中的重要层面的。 facet n. 方面；format n.
格式；formula n. 化学式，配方；fashion n.时尚。
43. B
动词辨析题。找到石油是回事，但提取石油并将其运送到工业地带是另一回事。permeate v. 渗透；extract vt. 提取；distinguish
vt. 辨别；concentrate vt. 集中注意力。根据句意extract切题故选B。
44. A
形容词辨析题。 在亚洲的课堂里，学生要服从老师并保持安静。obedient adj.服从的听话的；overwhelming adj.
压倒性的，极度的；skeptical adj.怀疑的；subsidiary adj.次要的，附属的。根据句意obedient切题故选A。
45. D
本题考查固定搭配的掌握。我社记者刚打电话来说援救小组会努力救出被围困的矿工。endeavour to 试图，努力；effect
n. 效果；affect vt. 影响；conceive (of) 想出，构思。根据句意endeavour切题故选D。
46. D
此题考查动词固定搭配的掌握。西班牙队去年输给德国队，下周它会尽最大努力报仇雪耻。revenge oneself on sb. 是固定搭配，“向某人报仇”的意思，故选D。remedy
v. 补救，治疗；reproach v. 责备；revive v.复活，复兴。
47. B
形容词辨析题 。Mason的话引起许多困惑，他意识到他最好向观众明确表达自己的意思。exclusive adj. 独家的，独有的；explicit
adj.明确的；objective adj. 客观的；obscure adj. 模糊的。根据句意explicit切题故选B。
48. A
动词辨析题 。有一道考题难倒我了，我做不出来。baffle vt. 难倒，难住；mingle v. 混合；provoke v.
激怒，招惹；divert v.转向，改道。根据句意baffle切题故选A。
49.C
动词辨析题 。那辆大黑卡车撞上人行道离我们仅几英尺，这一幕情景永远无法从我记忆中抹去。eject v.; 喷出，射出；escape
vi. 逃跑；erase vt. 擦掉，抹掉；omit vt. 省略。
50.A
名词辨析题 。脂肪的摄入量和心脏病的发病率有关联，目前对这种说法既不能肯定也不能反驳。incidence n.发病率；impetus
n.推动力；rupture n. 破裂，绝交；emergence n. 紧急情况。根据句意incidence切题故选A。
51.B
短语辨析题 。许多人认为不能将武力作为寻求政治目的的手段。in search of 寻找；in pursuit of 追求；in
view of 鉴于，由于； in light of 根据。 根据句意in pursuit of 切题故选B。
52.C
动词辨析题。如果银行员工对支票不敢确定时，银行经理就要亲自确认支票。credit vt. 信赖；assure vt. 确保；certify
vt. 确认；access n. 接触的机会或方法。根据句意certify切题故选C。
53.B
固定搭配考查题。人们人认为当局正在考虑征收新的税以增加收入。Impair v.损害；impose vt. 强加；invade vt.
侵略；integrate v. 使成一体。根据句意integrate切题故选B。
54.C
动词近义词辨析题。当她听到这个不好的消息时眼里泪光闪闪，但她强撑着克制自己的感情。sparkle, twinkle, glitter
都可指（因高兴而）发光，而radiate可指释放某种痛苦的情感。
55 . C
动词辨析题 。有些场合赠送礼品胜过言语交谈，因为礼品传达的内涵能跨越语言和文化的障碍。overtake v.追上；nourish
v. 滋养surpass vt.胜过；enforce vt. 实施，加强。
56 . B
名词辨析题。为了使队列流通，有冗长交易的顾客要在营业部里面进行交易。transit n. 运送； transaction n.
交易，比如：The stockbroker deals with transactions in stocks and shares
for his clients everyday. turnover n.营业额；tempo n. 进度，速度。根据句意，transaction切题，故选B。
57 .D
动词辨析题。威尔森总统企图斡旋这些权力部门来结束战争，但哪一方也不肯让步。 segregate v. 隔离； whirl v.
旋转；compromise v. 组成；mediate v. 斡旋。mediate 一般搭配between ，比如： The manager
mediated between the employer and employee.
58 .D
名词辨析题。警察在危险的岔路口装了摄像机来拍下闯红灯的司机。trench n. 壕沟；utility n. 用处，实效；pavement
n. 人行道；junction n. 道路交叉点。根据句意，junction切题，故选D。
59 .A
据报导昨天有三十人在天铁路撞车事故中丧生。collision n. 撞车；collaboration n. 合作；corrosion
n.腐蚀；confrontation n. 面临。
60 .C
形容词辨析题。圆圈既没有起点也没有终点，所以结婚戒指是永恒爱情的象征。successive adj. 连续的；consecutive
adj. 连续不断的；eternal adj.永恒的；insistent adj.迫切的，紧急的。
61 .B
形容词辨析题。公司的总裁们生活奢侈，他们享受着免费礼品、美酒和高薪。exquisite adj.精致的；extravagant
adj. 奢侈的；exotic adj. 异国情调的；eccentric adj.古怪的。
62 .A
动词辨析题。如果你想钻进隧道的话你首先得清除所有的石头。haul v.拖；repel v. 拒绝；dispose v. 处理，清理；snatch
v. 抓，攫取。
63 .A
动词辨析题。有些粮作物相对产量较高可以优先种植来提高粮食供给量。enhance v.提高，促进；enhance the supply
,enhance the value/price/attractions/ power; curb v. 控制；disrupt
v. 分裂；heighten v. 变高；加强。比如：Her anger was heightened at the sight
of the disguised beggar.
64 .C
名词辨析题 。加利福利亚大学的天文学家发现了最遥远的星系之一。paradox n. 矛盾；paradise n. 天堂； galaxy
n.星系；shuttle n. 梭。根据句意galaxy切题故选C
65 .B
固定搭配考查题。许多伟大的科学家把他们的成功归因于勤奋工作。portray v.描写；ascribe to 归因于；impart
v. 传授； acknowledge v. 承认。根据句意ascribe切题故选B
66.A
词义辨析题。标志树立在路边是为了提醒司机有一个急转弯。refresh使清新，使提神；plead恳求，以……为借口； divert转移，转向。
根据句意A 对，例如：alert sb. to the fact that...提醒某人注意……的事实。
67 .D
动词辨析题。医生没指望这个病人会活很长时间。monitor n. 班长，监测器；manifest vt. 体现，显现；articulate
vi. 清楚地说，明确地说；anticipate vt. 期待。据上下文，anticipate切题，故选D。
68 .C
名词辨析题 。如果症状持续好几天就去看医生征求他的意见。response n. 反应；signal n. 信号； symptom
n. 症状；reflection n. 映像，思考。根据句意symptom切题,故选C。
69 .D
固定搭配考查题。我们发现不可能遵守最新的安全规则。 accord v.符合；unify v.团结；obey vt. 服从；comply
(with) 遵守。根据句意comply切题,故选D。
70 .B
动词辨析题。 Smith教授与Brown教授俩人将轮流开一系列美国文学的讲座。alter v. 改变；alternate v.
轮流，交替；substitute v. 替换；exchange v. 交换。根据句意alternate切题,故选B。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
71. being been
现在完成时的进行时态为have been + 现在分词。
72. their its
此处代词代名词 population为单数，所以代词应是its而非their。
73. relative relatively
修饰形容词isolated 应为副词relatively而非形容词relative。
74. good poor/bad
句首用了Except for,显然是指不好的事情，故这里应将good 改为bad或poor。
75. even as if even if
此处考查固定短语even if ，即使。as if 仿佛。根据上下文应为即使世界人口到21世纪中叶增长两倍。
76. politics political
此处and连接三个并列的形容词economic, environmental,和politic。politics是名词，political才是形容词政治的。
77. by for
此处考查固定短语。for instance 例如,没有for instance。
78. double doubled
此处应为现在完成时态，have more than doubled corn and wheat yields,意为在试验中，进口种子、肥料和先进的种植技术使玉米和小麦的产量增长了两倍多。
79. few fewer
此处and 连接两个并列的形容词比较级，所以把few改为fewer。
80. crop crops
crop指“庄稼”时，常用复数形式crops；作单数时，意为“产量”。
Part Ⅴ Writing
Reduce Waste on Campus
Nowadays, waste is quite prevalent and serious on campus. Food is
thrown away simply because it doesn’t taste good. Newspapers and
magazines are discarded, because they have been read. What is worse,
students seem to be quite accustomed to such waste and don’t have
a feeling of guilt.
Waste can do much harm. Our country has the largest population in
the world and suffers from a shortage of natural resources. It is
crucial for us to make full use of what we have, or else, the resources
will soon run out, and we will have nothing left for the next generations.
Waste is certainly making matters worse.
Second, waste may contribute to a habit of extravagance, which is
not good at all. We Chinese people have the good tradition of being
economic, and are indingnant about waste of any kind.
Therefore, all of us should reduce waste. We can try to eat up a
meal. We may give our old books to those who need them, instead
of throwing them away. Also, we should form the notion that waste
is quite shameful. As long as all of us take action, waste will
surely be reduced.
2003年9月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: I’m sorry I wasn’t able to attend the lecture last Monday.
I’ve heard it was quite a success.
M: Well, you can make it up. Another presentation on the same topic
is scheduled for the same time next Monday.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
2. W: I certainly would like to buy the fur coat I saw in the department
store, but I don’t have enough money.
M: Well, if you had budgeted your money better, you would be able
to buy it now.
Q: What does the man imply?
3. W: Mr. Dahli, I’ve just checked my new apartment. The kitchen
sink is leaking.
M: Okay Donna. It’s no big deal. I’ll have a maintenance man come
over and fix it right away.
Q: What will the man do?
4. M: I saw your adertisement in the morning paper concerning the
XMO model. The lens seems to be excellent and the flash is not bad,
but don’t you think the price is a little steep?
W: I think it’s a good buy. The price includes the leather case,
you know.
Q: Why did the man dislike about the camera?
5. M: Can you believe I had to pay $ 30 for a haircut at Sadermale.
W: You should try the place where I go. It’s only 15, but it takes
a while to get an appointment.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. W: I am completely exhausted. Why don’t we dine out tonight?
I don’t remember the last time you took me out to dinner.
M: That’s not a bad idea. There’s a new Mexican restaurant around
the corner. They say it’s good.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
7. M: Shall we go to John’s house-warming party this weekend? Everyone
is invited.
W: Well, you know what John’s parties are like. Do you think I will
go again?
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
8. M: The university is going to hold an interesting competition
on computer programming. Many of my friends have signed up for it.
How about you?
W: Do you think I could ever win anything if I took part in it?
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the woman?
9. W: You’ve been working like a horse. You should take a vacation.
M: Tell that to the stack of papers on my desk.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
10. M: Hi, Mary. I haven’t seen you in ages. How are you doing with
your new job?
W: Not so well. I feel like a fish out of water doing that job.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Section B
Passage One
Graffiti is drawing or writing often found in a wall in public places.
These drawings and writings are usually rude, humorous, or political.
The words “Graffiti” comes from an Italian word meaning address.
Graffiti provides a record of the past because people have written
on walls for centuries. Cave drawings are the earliest examples
we have of the art of graffiti.Writing on walls is a way to comment
on the world we live in. Women’s liberation
groups in Britain, for example, have used graffiti to show their
anger at the sex discrimination of many advertisements where women’s
bodies are used to sell goods.
Yesterday’s graffiti can be toay’s foreign attraction. When the
Berlin wall came down in 1989, people found that it was covered
with graffiti from all over the world. Graves of famous people,
like rock - star Jim Morrison, are covered with written messages
from fans.Graffiti is also a popular art form. Graffiti pictures
have gained respect in artistic circles. Today, graffiti is likely
to be found hanging inside modern, New York apartments as well as
in the downtown streets. In New York, graffiti pictures have been
sold for hundreds of thousands of dollars. Graffiti artists have
been paid to use their art to brighten up dull environments.But
graffiti can bring us trouble. Scenes of natural beauty and important
landmarks have been spoiled by mindless graffiti. The London underground
authority has spent about 2 million pounds a year on removing graffiti
for trains and stations. If you are caught doing it, you can be
sent to person. In Britain, the maximum sentence for this type of
crime is ten years.
Whether you think graffiti is mindless violence against property,
or a living art form, its popularity suggests that it is here to
stay.
11. What do women’s liberation groups in Britain do with graffiti?
12. hat do some New Yorkers think of graffiti?
13. Why does the speaker cite the example of graffiti in the London
underground?
Passage Two
The Asian elephant is one of the world’s rarest animal. Unfortunately,
its sad condition has not been as well publicized as that of the
African elephant. This is because Asian elephant’s ivory supplies
only a small percentage of the world ivory trade. In fact, we know
very little about the Asian elephant. They live in the remote forests
of southern Asia and it is therefore very difficult to study them.
Most knowledge of Asian elephants is from those that have been captured,
or tamed. Asian elephants are easier to tame than African elephants.
The elephant
s you see in the circuses and zoos are nearly always Asian.The major
reason for the decline of Asian elephants is the harm to their forests.
The huge incrcase in the human population has caused the destruction
of the Asian forest for human population. As a result, the Asian
elephants are compelled to scatter in different areas. Originally
they lived all over the continent, but now there are only small
isolated populations letf. These isolated elephant populations are
vulnerable to extincition.While Asian elephants are threatened by
illegal capture and detaining, they are also killed for ivory and
skin. In July 1990, a British wildlife group uncovered a black market
for elephant skin. Elephants are shot in the forest along the border
between Thailand and Burma, and their skin was sold to factories
in Bangkok. Their skin is made into shoes, belts, suitcases, wallets,
etc, to sell to tourists.
14. What’s the difference between the Asian elephant and the African
elephant?
15. Where does most knowledge of Asian elephants come from?
16. What’s the major cause in the decline of Asian elephants?
Passage Three
After the early period of settlements, the first sharp increase
in immigration took place in the 1830’s and 1840’s. This brought
to America flocks of people from northern Europe who lost employment
in the Industrial Revolution, and then a great number of Irish people
who fled from famine. German political refugees arrived shortly
after. Many immigrants from northern and western Europe settled
on farms in the Middle-west. The Irish became construction laborers
on roads, bridges, and railroads.In the 1880’s, a tremendous flood
of immigrants began corming in, this time largely from southern
and eastern Europe. To most Americans, these newcomers seemed far
more strange than the early settlers. Their languages, customs,
and ways of life were very different from those of Americans. The
newcomers moved into the poorest neighborhood of the large cities.
They tended to stay together and cling to their old wasys. As they
were accustomed to poverty, they were willing to work for very low
wages. This made other workers, especially those in labor unions,
afraid that the immigrants with the lower wage level would take
jobs away from them. Indeed, organized labor became one of the key
opponents of continued immigration.This opposition finally lead
to the posting of immigration law in the 1920’s, which restricted
further immigration. In 1965, these unfair laws were replaced by
a new immigration act, which granted equal opportunities to foreigners,
regardless of their place of origin. Asians, like Koreans and Vietnamese,
soon began to arrive. Many of these newcomers have worked very hard
to establish themselves in their new land.
17. Why did northern European people come to settle down in the
United States?
18. What did the labor unions worry about?
19. What was the purpose of the immigration law passed in the 1920’s?
20. What do we know from the passage about Asian immigrants?
Section A
1．D
这是一个推断题。对话中女士遗憾没能出席上周一的演讲，并且还了解到那是一个精彩的演讲。男士就说你可以弥补（you can make
it up）。而且还补充道“Another presentation on the same topic is scheduled
for the same time next Monday”。从而可以推断出答案D。
2．D
这是一个虚拟语气的推理题。女士说她想买她在商店里看见的毛皮大衣，但却没有足够的钱。男士就说要是你过去对钱更好地进行计划的话，现在就肯定可以买得起了；言下之意显然是指该女士以前对花销没进行计划，就是答案D。
3．B
这也是一个推断题。女士说她新公寓的洗涤槽漏水。男士说那是小事一桩，“I’ll have a maintenance man come
over and fix it right away”。显然答案为B。
4．B
这是一个细节理解题。男士谈到XMO这款相机镜头好、闪光灯也不错，但“don’t you think the price is a
little steep？”。下文也提到“The price includes the leather case, you know”，可得出答案B。
5．C
这是一个理解题。男士对女士说你相信在Sadermale这个地方一次剪发要花30美元吗。女士就建议他试试她常去的地方，只要15美元，不过要预约罢了。显然C是正确答案。
6．A
这是一个语意推理题。女士说自己太累了，建议出去吃，还说好久没在外面就餐了。男士赞同。根据女士的话可以推断出她不想做饭。
7．B
这也是一个语意推理题。男士问周末是否去参加约翰的家庭联谊会。女士对男士说你知道约翰家的聚会什么样子吗，你以为我会再去吗，言下之意显然是不想再去了。
8．A
这也是一个语意推理题。男士说大学里要举行一个有趣的计算机编程比赛，他的好多朋友都报了名，并问女士是否参加。女士说自己参加又能赢得什么好处呢。显然是对自己缺乏信心。故答案为A。不过B也有一定迷惑性。
9．A
这还是一个语意推理题。女士对男士说你工作太辛苦了，应该休息休息。男士幽默地说你把这话对我桌子上那对文件说吧，言下之意就是工作太多，身不由己。故答案A。
10．C
这是一个语意理解题。“a fish out of water”意为“英雄无用武之地”。文中男士问女士工作得怎样，女士用这一短语回答，就是答案C所表达的意思。
Section B
Passage One
【短文大意】本文主要介绍粗糙雕刻或墙上乱画（Graffiti）这样一种艺术形式以及不同时期不同地方不同的人们和它的联系、对它的看法以及它带来的危害等。
11．D
这是一个细节理解题。文中提到“Writing on walls is a way to comment on the world
we live in”，并举例说明（Women’s liberation groups in Britain, for example,
have used graffiti to show their anger at the sex discrimination
of many advertisements where women’s bodies are used to sell goods），就是答案D的意思。
12．B
这也是一个细节理解题。文中提到“Graffiti is also a popular art form”，也举例说明（In New
York, graffiti pictures have been sold for hundreds of thousands
of dollars），所以B是正确答案。13．C
这还是一个细节理解题。文章提到“But graffiti can bring us trouble”，同样举例说明（The London
underground authority has spent about 2 million pounds a year on
removing graffiti for trains and stations），就是C表达的内容。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文讲述的是有关亚洲象的情况。亚洲象和非洲象一样，同属世界珍稀动物，但是它悲惨的生存环境不如非洲象那样被引起重视。接着还谈到了两种象的差异、我们了解亚洲象的渠道以及亚洲象减少的原因等。
14．A
这是一个细节题。文中虽然谈到人们对他们生存环境了解的差异，但涉及到两种象之间的差异，作者还是说到了“Asian elephants
are easier to tame than African elephants”这样一个细节。所以答案为A。
15．A
这也是一个细节题。文中谈到我们对亚洲象了解的渠道时说“In fact, we know very little about the
Asian elephant. They live in the remote forests of southern Asia
and it is therefore very difficult to study them”。但是接着谈到“Most knowledge
of Asian elephants is from those that have been captured, or tamed”。这就是A表达的内容。
16．B
这还是一个细节理解题。谈到亚洲象减少的主要原因，作者说“The major reason for the decline of
Asian elephants is the harm to their forests”，而“forests”是他们自然生存的家。所以B是正确答案。
Passage Three
【短文大意】本文介绍的是有关美国移民增长的原因及移民增长带来的问题、对移民增长问题的对策以及亚裔移民主要状况等。
17．A
这是一个细节题。在描述美国早期移民情况时，作者谈到“This brought to America flocks of people
from northern Europe who lost employment in the Industrial Revolution”，这就是早期北欧人移民美国定居的原因。即答案A所描述的内容。
18．D
这也是一个细节题。随着大量移民的涌入，而且他们一向趋于贫困，所以“they were willing to work for very
low wages”。因此“This made other workers, especially those in labor
unions, afraid that the immigrants with the lower wage level would
take jobs away from them”。故答案D正确。
19．A
这还是一个细节题。上文提到大量移民的涌入，引起国内一些人（比如工会）的担忧甚至反对，接下来只要听出这个句子“This opposition
finally led to the posting of immigration law in the 1920’s, which
restricted further immigration”，就可以得出答案A。
20．C
这同样是一个细节题。只要听出文章最后两句话“Asians, like Koreans and Vietnamese, soon
began to arrive. Many of these newcomers have worked very hard to
establish themselves in their new land”，就可以得出答案C了。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】本文谈到日美商业文化的差异：美国的企业管理者会把责任和职权都交给员工，而日本的企业管理者会把职权交给员工，责任自己负。日本的这种做法有助于增强集体感以及员工对公司的忠诚。21.
C 细节题。从第三段的第二句可得知答案。美国主管将责任和权力同时给雇员，而日本主管只是将权力下放给雇员，责任仍然留给自己。这一句的delegate
意思是授权，把……委托给别人。故在日本，即使子公司出错，公司总经理也要承担责任。
22．A 推理题。美国和日本的公司围绕delegation （授权，委托）的解释，形成了不同的企业文化，而日本人无论是在公司还是学校，下属有错，第一负责人首先难辞其咎。
23． C 细节题。根据第五段的第一句可得知答案。哈佛商学院的这名教授称这种老一套接受他人责备的方法为封建式洗刷集体耻辱的方法。故选C（苛评的）。
24. B 从第三段的第二句可得知答案。“US executives give both responsibility and
authority to their employees ”，美国的企业管理者会把责任和职权都交给员工，说明他们认为责任和职权是一体的。其他选项A)见第二段第二句“No
one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been
caused by a faulty Boeing repair.”C) 错在legal，校长不负法律责任；D)与文中意思刚好相反，见最后一句。
25．D 考察对文章主旨的理解，只要理解全文就不难选对。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文谈到了汽车的发展：汽车产生之前，主要交通工具是马车。但马产生的排泄物造成很大污染、交通堵塞。电车的出现解决了马车的污染问题和交通堵塞。尽管使用起来很麻烦、昂贵，汽车还是发展起来了，而且在全球飞速发展。
26．B 第一段的第二句话：汽车的主要问题是普及以及随之而来的社会的费用。故选B，养车很花钱。27．C 推理题。第二段：纽约能生产发出玫瑰气味的轿车，人们不用闻马排出的屎、尿的恶臭。
28．B 推理题。第三段：汽车可以从A地到B地，使得城镇朝各个方向发展，减少人口的稠密度。low-density housing低稠密居住条件。
29．D 细节题。第四段的最后一句：环境问题和减少的石油储藏会阻碍世界上任何其他地方汽车的普及。30．A 推理题。第五段：用具体的数字说明Mr.
Flink 的预测错误.
Passage Three
【短文大意】研究表明，眼泪对健康是有好处的：感情宣泄时流的眼泪中有两种独特的化学物质可以间接减轻压力；而且还可以通过眼泪诊断病情、追踪药物反映等。
31．A 细节题。第一段的第二句：眼泪，无论是出于悲伤，生气还是高兴，总是让美国人感到不舒服和尴尬。Be…or…无论……还是（引导让步状语从句）。typically
典型地；一直，往往。
32．C 推理题。根据上下文，对眼泪的那两个反映：当毁灭性的悲剧发生时，一方面流泪者可能要表示歉意；另一方面看到人流泪者会尽一切可能终止此情感的宣泄。
33．D counterproductive 产生相反结果的。根据上下文，对眼泪的那两个反映时常是不恰当。人们常常说哭多了会伤身体，实情未必如此。
34．B 细节题。第二段的第二句。既然进化很少会导致无目的的生理反映，我们可以逻辑性地认为：哭泣有一到多个功能---增强生存性。Few…purposeless
很少……无目的,双重否定表示肯定。
35．A 第四段的第一句：确实，新的研究表明，情绪激动流下的眼泪对减轻压力起着直接的作用。
Passage Four
【短文大意】体育训练中劳逸结合是很重要的，休息可以改善身体机能、缓解压力。如果运动员超负荷训练、休息不好，会引起“超负荷训练综合症”，症状表现为疲惫、情绪化、易怒、沮丧、失去斗志、食欲不振、体重下降等。最好的治疗方法是休息，而且要尽早发现病情。
36．B 细节题。第一段第二、三句：艰苦的训练会使你耗尽体力，身体虚弱，是休息让你身体强壮起来。成绩的提高只会出现在训练后的休息时期。
37．C 推理题。第二段：超负荷训练综合症是指训练后未得到充分休息的一种症状。Compensate for 弥补，补上。
38．D 细节题。第二段的最后一句：它的标志是体力恢复期后持续的疲劳。
39．C level off 平行飞翔；使平坦；事业上不能再进展；持平。例如：The plane leveled off at
30,000 feet. Inflation has begun to level off.
40．D 文章末尾作者建议引起疲劳的疾病不应该被误认为是超负荷训练综合症。第四段的最后一句：有必要排除引起疲劳的任何隐藏的疾病。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41．C 这是些倔强的人，没人能轻易地说服他们改变主意。persuade 劝说，说服。tilt (使)倾斜，(使)翘起。convert
转换，转变。例如：How can I convert dollar into REM Yuan? suppress 压制，压抑。例如：She
could hardly suppress a smile.
42．B 马戏团一直很受欢迎，因为它既能让年轻人又能让老年人着迷。facilitate 使便利，推动, 帮助, 使容易。immerse
使浸没，使沉浸在。例如：I immersed myself in reading. fascinate 强烈地吸引 Anything
to do with myths and legends fascinates me. indulge 使沉溺于；纵容，迁就。
例如：The king indulged himself in delights of leasure.
43．D 经过耐心的盘问，律师设法从证人那里套出许多情报。elicit（正式）引出，探出（实情）。evacuate疏散，撤出，撤离（危险地）。impart（正式）赋予，传授（特性，感情）；透露（情报）。withdraw取钱；部队撤离；撤下（到厨房，卧室）。
44．C 乔治喜欢谈论别人的私事，他是一个爱说长道短的人。solicitor 律师； coward 胆小的人；rebel 反叛者。
45．D 新秘书写了一篇相当精彩的报道，只有短短数百字，却囊括所有重要细节。elaborate 精心制作的。concise 简明的，简洁的。precise
精确的。brisk 轻快的，敏捷的。
46．D 由于一路从学校快跑，当他进来时，脸庞泛红。flush（由于尴尬等）变红。 flare（火焰）摇曳，闪烁； flutter（鸟）拍打翅膀；fluctuate（价格）波动。
47．B 钢不像铸铁，它不易破碎；brittle 易破碎的；elastic 有弹性的，有弹力的；adaptable 易改变的，易适应的；flexible
灵活的，易弯曲的。
48．C 把英语作为外语来学习的最大的问题就是缺少与高水平的英语谈话者进行口语交际的机会。verbal 口头的，口语的；instantaneous瞬间发生的；
provocative挑衅的，挑逗的； dual成双的，二重的。
49．B 在十年的时间内，他们将荒山变成了绿林。barren 荒芜的；vacant空着的，未被占用的； weird 怪诞的，奇怪的，wasteful浪费的。
50．D 我们此次伦敦之行，最重要的是为了参观白金汉宫。summit 山顶；顶点，极点；首脑会议。例如：The summit meeting
of the heads of European countries has been arranged to discuss
the matter. peak 山峰；height高度； highlight 最突出（精彩）的部分（场面），最重要的（引人注目的）比赛。
51．D 哈罗得宣称他是一个严厉的名艺术家，事实上，他是一个骗子；fraud 骗子，骗局；alien 外国的，异族的，外星人；counterpart相对应的人或者物；
client客户。
52．A 只要控制在预算内，我们预计完成计划没有困难。foresee 预见；infer 推知/断；fabricate 制造；inhibit
阻止，抑制，使拘谨。
53．B 他在找寻一个工作，以便给他的事业有更大的发展空间。scope (for )（供采取行动，思考等的）天地，机会，余地；insight
洞察力；momentum势头，动力； phase时期，阶段。
54．D 我女儿就读的高中附属于我们大学。mingle 混合，混入；affiliate 并入(更大的组织)，加盟。55．A 布朗一家住在郊区一所宽敞而舒适的带有家具的房子里。spacious宽敞的；sufficient（量，程度）充分的，足够的；wide
宽的, 广阔的（二维平面上）；wretched可怜的，悲惨的。
56．B 会员证使持有者有权使用俱乐部的设施达一年之久。authorize 使有权力做某事；rectify （正式）改正；endow
向捐款; endow somebody with 使天生赋有。
57．C 哈佛大学将拉丁文从入学的必考科目中取消。do away with 废除，取消；compulsory强制性，义务的；influential
有影响力的；indispensable，必需的,必不可少的； essential 本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华的
58．A 这不是巧合，大量的暴力罪行是在酒精的作用下发生的。coincidence 巧合；inspiration 灵感；correspondence
通信；符合，一致；intuition 直觉。
59．B 回忆里的大学时光比实际的要幸福一些。retrospect回顾，回想； retention（正式）保持，保留； revere（正式）尊敬，敬重。
60．D 她随意地翻动着杂志，并未真正地看。flip翻动；tumble 跌到，绊到；switch转换，转变； Toss抛，掷。
61．A 科学家正竭力使用现有的技术企图从地球那获取更多的能量。extract 提取；拔出，抽出；discharge（正式）允许离开；卸下；inject
注射；drain使排出（油，水等），喝干, 耗尽。
62．D 中国红十字会捐赠了大笔的钱以救济土耳其地震中的难民。 contribute （常与to 连用）捐款，捐献，如“ contribute
food and clothing to the relief of the poor.（捐助食品和衣物救济贫民）”。administer
管理, 执行elevate 举起, 提拔, 振奋, 提升……的职位;assess估定, 评定。
63．B 这一段的第一句含义模糊，有多种解释。ambiguous 含糊其词的，可作多种解释的，模棱两可的；Intricate复杂的,
错综的, 难以理解的；duplicate 复制；confused 困惑的, 烦恼的。
64．A 他们过去常常吵架，但是现在完全和好了。reconcile 和解，如be /become reconciled with
sb.同某人言归于好； negotiate （常与with 连用）商议，协商，商谈；associate （with ）和……来往,和……共事,
同……联合; (在思想上)同……联系在一起； accommodate 供应, 向……提供, 容纳, 调停, 调解（及物动词）。
65．C 突发的流行病并未怎么影响当地的生意。hamper 妨碍, 牵制； intervene 干涉, 干预, 插入, 介入；insulate
使绝缘, 隔离；hoist 升起，吊起，扯起。
66．D 这次竞赛最重要的评估标准是设计作品的独创性。criterion (批评判断的)标准, 规范；threshold 开始,
开端, 极限；partition 分割, 划分, 瓜分, 分开, 隔离物；warrant 授权,（正当）理由, 根据, 证明,
凭证, 委任状, 批准, 许可证。
67．C 这位妇女担心服用阿司匹林有副作用，但她的医生向她保证绝对无害。reassure 使……安心, 再保证, 使……恢复信心,
打消……的疑虑；retrieve 重新得到；release 释放, 解放, 放弃, 让与, 免除, 发表；revive (使)苏醒,
(使)复兴, (使)复活, (使)再生效, 回想。
68．C 我们不禁怀疑鲍伯，当办公室的钱被盗之后，他刚买了一辆跑车。suspicious 可疑的，引起怀疑的，如“be /feel
suspicious of 对……怀疑. 例如：I am suspicious of that woman— I think she
may have stolen something from our shop. 我很怀疑那位妇女，我想她可能偷了我们商店的东西。skeptical
(倾向)怀疑的, 好怀疑的，如 be skeptical about（对某事）怀疑; appreciative 欣赏的, 有欣赏力的,
表示感激的, 承认有价值的; tolerant 容忍的, 宽恕的。
69．A 他十分反感出版这本书，认为这是侵犯他人隐私。privacy 特指个人隐私，隐私权；morality 道德；dignity
尊严, 高贵；secrecy 秘密，普通用词。
70．B 事实上，当他走近这座著名的雕像时，他只是在克制冲动，不去伸手掏相机；impulse 冲动，欲望； impatience不耐烦，
急躁；incentive 动机;iniiative 主动，如：take the initiative 采取主动。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
【短文大意】文中谈到美国人的家庭梦想，希望拥有自己的房子，和家人团聚在一起。
S1. nonot 修饰形容词用not （副词），修饰名词才用 no （形容词）。
S2. placeland land 作土地，田地，地皮解释时，是不可数名词。place 而是可数名词。
S3. startedstart 为了与 前面的find ,build 结构一致，故去掉-ed。
S4. workingwork 为了与live 并列，一般现在时。
S5. anyoneeveryone 根据语义应该用everyone 表示每个人，而anyone表示泛指，任何一个人。
S6. but(去掉) Although 后面不能跟but。
S7. beforeafter 根据上下文判断应该是二战以后。
S8. ButAnd 应该是递进关系而不是转折关系。
S9. itthey 指代的是houses ，应该用复数。
S10.在house 后增加as regard...as 把……视为/认为……
Part V Writing
It can be discerned that the American students prefer to read the
popular novels rather than any other kind of books, such as the
unpopular fictions, technical books, poems and so on. The percentage
of the popular novel is about 68.2% currently. Comparatively, other
kind of novels is about 16.8%, 8.3%, and 5.2%.
It is not difficult to understand why the popular novels can attract
so many students. The popular novel is interesting, and not so abstract
as books that are full of the mathematic formulaes. However, as
university students, study is the primary task for us to do. So
it’s advisable that we should pay more attention to the books in
our major. Fictions may make our life rich and colorful, but it
cannot become the major part of our life.
As far as I am concerned, I would like to spend my spare time on
reading academic collection of dissertations, periodicals in my
major, such as technology digests, computer newspapers and so forth,
because I want to do a good job in my subjects. Fortunately, my
dreams come true. Meanwhile, I have gained other things, i.e. I’ve
laid a solid foundation in specialized field, which makes me feel
easy to contrive the electronic circuits that have to be done during
our bachelor years. Thanks to those books!
2003年6月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.W:Raise your head a little bit and hold the saddle.And smile a
little.You look wonderful posing like that.Should I press the shutter?
M:Wait a minute.Let me put on a cowboy hat.
Q:What are the speakers doing?
2.M:I’m still waiting for my sister to come back and type the application
letter for me.
W:Why bother her?I’ll show you how to use the computer.It’s quite
easy.
Q:What does the woman mean?
3.M:Hey-where’d you find the journal?I need it,too.
W:Right here on the shelf.Don’t worry,John.I’ll take it out on my
card for both of us.
Q:What does the woman mean?
4.M:Thank you for your helpful assistance.Otherwise,I’d surely have
missed it.Th e place is so out of the way.
W:It was a pleasure meeting you.Goodbye.
Q:Why does the man thank the woman?
5.W:We’re informed that the 11:30 train is late again.
M:Why did the railway company even bother to print the schedule?
Q:What do we know from the conversation?
6.M:Maybe I ought to subscribe to the Engineering Quarterly.It contains
a lot of useful information.
W:Why not read it in the library and save the money?
Q:What is the woman’s advice to the man?
7.M:I’ve been waiting all week for this concert.The performance
is said to be excellent.And with our student discount,the tickets
will be real cheap.
W:Uh-oh.I’m afraid I left my student I.D. card in the dorm.
Q:What does the woman imply?
8.M:Mister Smith,our history professor,announced that we’ll be doing
two papers and three exams this semester.I wonder how I’m going
to pull through when two other courses have similar requirements.
W:Well can’t you drop one course and pick it up next semester?
Q:What does the woman suggest the man do?
9.W:Renting a conference room at the hotel will cost us too much.We’re
already running in the red.
M:How about using our dining room for the meeting?
Q:What’s worrying the woman?
10.W:Jerry,can you pick me up after work today?I left my car at
the garage.
M:I’m afraid I can’t.I have scheduled a meeting with a client at
dinner time.
Q:What is the man going to do?
Section B
Passage One
A few months ago,millions of people in London heard alarms all over
the town.Emergency services,the fire department,the police,hospitals
and ambulances stood by ,ready to go into action.In railway and
underground stations,people read notices and maps which told them
where to go and what to do in the emergency.This was “Exercise Flood
Call,” to prepare people for a flood emergency.London wasn’t flooded,yet.But
it is possible that it would be.
In 1236 and in 1663,London was badly flooded.In 1928,people living
in Westminster,the heart of London,drowned in floods.And in 1953,one
hundred people living on the eastern edge of the London suburbs
were killed again in the floods.At last, Greater London Council
took action to prevent this disaster from happening again .Though
a flood wall was built in the 1980’s,Londoners still must be prepared
fo r the possible disaster.If it happens,50 underground stations
will be under water.Electricity,gas,and phone services will be out
of action.Roads will be drowned .It will be impossible to cross
any of the bridges between north and south London.Imagine!London
will look like the famous Italian city,Venice.
But this “Exercise Flood Call” didn’t cause panic among Londoners.Most
people knew it was just a warning.One lady said,“It’s a flood warning,isn’t
it?The water doesn’t look high to me!”
11.What happened in London a few months ago?
12.What measure was taken against floods in London in the 1980’s?
13.What can we learn from the lady’s comment?
Passage Two
America’s national symbol,the bald eagle,almost went extinct twenty
years ago.Bu t it has made a comeback.In fact,the U.S. Fish and
Wildife Service is considering the possibility of taking it off
the endangered species list.Once,more than 50 ,000 pairs of bald
eagles nested across the country.But by 1960,that number had fallen
below 400.The chief killer was the widely used DDT.Fish soaked up
DDT,died,and were washed up on shores where bald eagles feasted
on them.DDT prevented eagle egg shells from thickening.The shells
became so thin that they shattered before the babies hatched.
Fortunately,in 1972,a law was passed to ban DDT,which saved the
bald eagle from total wipeout.And since then,wildlife biologists
have re-introduced bald eagles from Canada to America.The result
was that last year,U.S. birdwatchers counted 1 1,610 bald eagles
in the country.
It if were dropped from the endangered species list,the bald eagle
would still be a threatened species.That means the bird would continue
to get the same protection:no hunting allowed,and no disturbing
of nests.But bald eagles still face tough times.The destruction
of their natural homes could be the next DDT causing eagle numbers
to drop quickly.
14.What was the main harmful effect of the pest killer DDT on bald
eagles?
15.What measure did the wildife biologists take to increase the
number of bald eagles?
16.According to the speaker,what is the possible danger facing bald
eagles?
Passage Three
If the earth gets hotter in the new century,what will happen to
animals and the plants which animals depend on for survival?The
question offers another way of l ooking at the ’green house effect.’People
have talked about the general proble m of global warming for sometime.But
they were usually worried about things like whether to buy a home
on the coast.Biologists and other scientists turned their attention
to plants and other animals at an important meeting that took place
l ast October.
They reviewed evidence that plants and animals are sensitive to
the climate.Since the Ice Age ended 10,000 years ago and warmer
temperatures returned to the northern latitudes,many species have
migrated north.If the predictions about the green house are correct,temperatures
will rise by the same amount in the next one hundred years,as they
did in the past 10,000.
Will animals and plants be able to adapt that quickly to change
in the environment?Many won’t.Certain species will probably become
very rare.Experts say plants under climate stress will be very open
to disease and fire.Forests fires may become more common.That,in
turn,may harm animals that depend on the trees for food or shelter.Any
preserves we set up to protect endangered species may become useless
as the species are forced to migrate along with their natural homes.
“Change is part of life,but rapid change”,says scientist George
Woodwall,“is the enemy of life.”
17.What is the concern of ordinary people about the “green house
effect”?
18.What has happened since the end of the Ice Age?
19.What will be a possible threat to plants in the future?
20.According to the passage, what will probably happen to the endangered
species?
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A
11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.C
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage one
【短文大意】丹·法莫通过自己设计的名为沙坦的程序调查发现当前大多数因特网上的网址都基本上未设防。该程序能进行各种常见的黑客操作，所以当丹·法莫将它推广后，引起了广泛的批评，担心有恶意的人会利用它来对别的网页进行破坏。但丹.法莫认为沙坦会提醒人们注意自己网址的安全，事实也证明他是对的。但这也并不能说明网络就更安全了，现在网络上到处是各种能自动运行并进行破坏的程序和病毒。之所以现在并未引起极其糟糕的后果，是因为黑客们本质上是诚实的或者说网络上的偷窃并非有利可图。但不管怎样，在我们还能够的时候，得赶紧利用，否则当大的网络商们注意了网络安全并进行收费后，可能就不会这么方便了。
21. C
本题为细节分析题。
问题译文是“通过‘... owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites
have set up home without fitting locks to their doors’这句话，作者想表达…”。作者一开头谈的是英国乡村的人们十分怀念当初不用锁门，担心被盗的时光，通过“Amazingly,
these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest
community”一句，我们明白，作者实际上是想作一个类比，再结合下文的内容，他实际上最想表达的意思是突出说明现在许多网址的安全并未引起注意，因此C）项为正确答案。
22.A
本题为事实判断题。
问题问的是“沙坦程序的用途”，可通过“A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer,
using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN,
shows that …”和“SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks
than cause new disorder. ”一句来判断。A）项“用来调查网址的安全问题”最切题。本题的干扰项是B）、C）项，但仔细分析就不难发现，B）项“提高网络系统的安全”其实比文中的“alert”一词的意思不同，而C）项“防止黑客进入”正好与文中“人们担心有人利用它来进行破坏”的意思相反。所以A）为正确答案。
23.D
本题为细节判断题。
题干问的是“法莫设计的程序被公众批评的原因”，首先可排除A）项“它对网络浏览器造成破坏”；B）项“它可以闯入网址”与文中“SATAN
can try out a variety of well-known hacking ( 黑客的 ) tricks on an
Internet site without actually breaking in.”一句矛盾；C）项“它可以引起所有网址的混乱”，这与第一段最后一句中的“well
over half of all World Wide Web sites”数据不符；而通过第二段的“A person with
evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle”一句，我们可判断，D）项“它可以被有恶意的人利用”符合题义，应为正确答案。
24.C
本题为作者态度题。
四个选项的意思分别是“热心的、批评的、肯定的、漠不关心的”，根据第三段中的评述，显然作者的态度是“肯定的”，应选C）作为正确答案。
25.A
本题为事实推断题。
最后一段的意思是“我们应赶紧充分利用网络，因为一旦安全问题成了头等大事时，大的网络服务商们就要进行有偿服务了”，所以A）项的内容应是符合题意的。而干扰项B）“我们应提醒有影响的商人安全的重要性”，C）“有影响的商人应优先提高网络安全性”，及D）“网虫们不应该让安全措施影响他们冲浪的兴致”都与段义相去甚远。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文对课堂教学的方法进行了探讨。作者根据自己在大学多年的教学体验认为让学生在课堂上参与到教学活动中来的方法比一味地填鸭似的教学方法更先进。作者以多位学者自身的体会和论述为自己的观点进行了很好的论证。
26. B
本题为细节推断题。
作者在第一段中指出：我根据自己多年在大学层次的教学经验，深信扮演角色、表演和改编戏剧是最成功的教学方法，学生必须尽可能的参与到教学进程中来。基于这一点，我们可判断A）（作者相信成功的老师应能够）“把改编戏剧作为学生学习的一个重要部分”太片面，B）“把启发性的游戏作为教学过程的一个不可或缺的部分”符合题意（实际上文章第三句给出了原话）。C）“提高学生的学习表现”并不能说明问题；而D）“把学习变得象游戏一样容易”并非作者要说明的观点。
27.C
细节判断题。
提问的是“大多数大学教授更喜欢传统的讲课的方法是基于什么信念”，我们在第三段中看到这样一句：“To show enthusiasm
is to risk appearing unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal
to the students’ emotions rather than their intellect.” 意思是“激发热情的方法有不科学，不客观的危险，它只是让学生高兴，而不会学到东西。”反过来推断，显然他们认为传统的方法就是“科学的，客观的”，因此，本题选择C）符合题意。
28.D
综合推断题。
题目要求推断“作者在这篇文章中建议了什么”。A）项“大学教育需要采用激进措施得以改进”和B）项“学生在学习中应有更多的选择” 超出了文章讨论的范畴；C）项“传统的大学教育方式应被戏剧表演性的教学方法代替”过于片面；只有D）项“教学过程中应鼓励交流”很客观的表达了作者的意图。根据文章内容，选项
D）正确。
29.A
句意推断题。
第四段是作者引用的Edward Shils的一段话，来说明宾西法尼亚大学的教授们的授课方法，结合下文的引述，不难判断通过这句话，作者想说明虽然教授们在学术能力方面与牧师们不同，但做事的方式却如出一辙。因此，本题答案应为A）。
30.A
事实判断题。
这四个人物在文中都有提及。而作者提到他们的目的不一样，只是提到Ezekiel Cheever是为了讲他的教学方法：“he so
planned his lessons that his pupils “came to work as though they
came to play”。显然作者是很赞赏此方法的，因此，答案应为A）。其他几个人作者只是引述他们的讲述或观点来为自己的论点服务，并未讲述他们的教学经历。
Passage Three
【短文大意】随着科技的发展，各个方面需要雇佣的人会越来越少，这就必然导致法定上班年龄的增加和找不到工作的可能性。因此，孩子们上学的时间会越来越长，而工作时间的缩短，成人们也会到学校去继续学习。这些都给公共学校带来了压力，自从经济萧条以来，公共学校就陷入了困境。但由于学校的运作只靠地方税收，即使萧条结束，困境也不会得到改善。要解决这个问题，联邦政府应象解决事业问题一样，投入联邦资金。
31. B
综合判断题。
文章首先分析了公共学校当前面临的问题和产生困境的原因。在第二段阐明了问题为何难以解决的原因是：“Their support must
come from the taxpayer. ”因此，在最后一段作者通过分析得出结论：联邦资金必须投入。综上所述，B）项“怎样解决公共教育的资金缺乏”应是正确答案。本题的主要干扰项是D）“怎样改进公共教育制度”，但显然，它过于笼统，不及B）项具体。
32.B
因果分析题。
在第一段中，“This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for
going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even
when the legal age has been reached.”一句指出了学生人数的增加有两个原因：法定工作年龄的增加和难以找到工作。对比四个选项，只有B）项是其中一个原因，应为正确答案。
33.D
因果推断题。
第二段“They will be little better off when it is over. Their support
must come from the taxpayer.”指出：学校的运做必须靠税收来维持。但稍加分析，不难推断作者虽然没明说，但实际上暗含“增加税收可能带来问题”，这一点也可通过后文得到印证。显然，可推断D）项为正确答案，其它选项都很牵强。
34.A
事实判断题。
根据第三段的“The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal
relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to
be much the same, and properly so.”来判断：失业问题的解决靠政府救济，公共教育困难的解决也需靠政府投入。所以，A）项应为正确答案。
35.A
因果分析题。
本题分析可参照第34题。主要的干扰来自B）项，虽然表述合情合理，但由于此内容并不能从文章中得以完全体现，所以不及A）切题。
Passage Four
【短文大意】黑德伯格大学的比利和他的同事们正在研制一种高性能的隐形眼镜，这种眼镜不但能为有视力缺陷的人矫正视力，而且还可以大大提高人们在夜间的视力范围。将来眼镜制造商们可以根据人们不同的需求设计个性化的这种眼镜。这种眼镜有望在2000年投放市场，人们可以通过网络把自己的视力问题传给制造商，他们会在几天内设计出符合需求的眼镜并邮寄过来。估计价格也和传统的日抛型的隐形眼睛一样。
36. C
事实推断题。
根据第一段提到的这种高性能的隐形眼睛的特点是：不但能为有视力缺陷的人矫正视力，而且还可以大大提高人们在夜间的视力范围。显然，这种隐形眼睛的服务对象最有可能是有视力缺陷的人，因此C）为正确答案。本题的主要干扰项是B）“夜盲症”，而文中只交代了它能提高人们在夜间的视力范围，而并非克服夜盲症，所以不可选。
37.D
细节判断题。
文章第二段主要讲述这种隐形眼睛的原理。各个选项提到的对象在文中都出现了，对于astronomical telescope，文中只是说active
mirror在astronomical telescope上有应用；而contact lens还并未问世呢，只是在研发阶段；laser
beam并不是仪器；另外还要注意aluminum mirror和active mirror实际上是同一种仪器，因此，不难判断正确答案应为D）。
38.B
细节判断题。
本题只要弄清Individualized的意思，选择答案B）“满足佩带者的特定需要”不难判断。
39.D
事实推断题。
本题只要理解了第四段的主要内容，就不难推断了。该段指出：这种眼镜在白天能比传统的视力矫正工具更好的发挥作用，在晚上的潜力更大，它能大大提高视力范围。基于此，显然A）“在晚上比在白天能更好的发挥作用”和C）“在白天比在夜晚能提高的更多”都不对，而B）“可以扩大15倍的视力范围”少了一个前提条件：in
semi-darkness，所以不确切。只有D）“在晚上能比在白天更能扩大视力范围”符合题意。
40.D
事实判断题。
四个选项的意思分别是：“它们的制作过程很复杂”，“它们的售价将很低”，“它们必须每天更换”，“可以通过因特网订购”。根据文章最后一段的内容，显然，D）是对的。
Part III Vocabulary
41. A
动词辨析题。
1987年11月，政府发起了关于将来官方体育政策的方向的公开辩论。根据句意，所填词表示“发起…”的意思。A)initiate vt.开始,
发动，发起；B)designate vt.指明, 指出, 任命, 指派；C)induce vt.劝诱, 促使, 导致,
引起, 感应；D)promote vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为。所以填入initiated切题，故答案为A)。
42.C
动词辨析题。
我发现很难协调我的事业和抚养孩子的关系。A)consolidate v.巩固；B)amend v.修正, 改进, 改正；C)reconcile
vt.使和谐, 使一致; 使符合；D)intensify vt.加强。根据句意，填入reconcile切题，故答案为C)。
43.B
动词辨析题。
我们都乐意享有选择的自由，在法律和社会道德允许的范围内，不愿这种自由受到限制。A)compact vt.压紧，压实；B)restrict
vt.限制, 约束, 限定；C)disperse v.(使)分散, (使)散开, 疏散；D)delay v.耽搁,
延迟, 延期, 迟滞。根据句意，填入restricted切题，故答案为B)。
44.A
动词近义词辨析题。
这对老夫妇很幸运，他们儿子的事业目标与他们的愿望一致。A)coincide vi.一致, 符合；B)comply vi.顺从,
答应, 遵守；C)conform vi.一致, 顺从；D)collaborate vi.合作, 通敌。 根据句意，本题主要是辨析coincide
和conform ，conform强调本质或基本特点的一致，有时是由于符合已被确立标准的结果，如：The kinds of books
in her library conform to her level of education. 她的藏书种类是和她的教育程度相一致的。而coincide强调地点、时间或思想的完全一致。因此，本题填入coincide更为切题，故答案为A)。
45.B
动词近义词辨析题。
艾伦将很快发现生活远非广告上宣称的那么简单。A)permeate vt.弥漫, 渗透, 透过, 充满；B)allege vt.宣称,
断言; C)depict vt.描述, 描写; D)draft vt.起草, 为...打样, 设计。根据句意，填入alleged切题，故答案为B)。
46.D
动词辨析题。
欧洲早期的工业增长靠重要资源，充足廉价的劳动力，煤炭，铁矿等来维持。A)constrain vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束；B)detain
v.拘留, 留住, 阻止；C)remain vi.保持, 逗留, 剩余, 残存；D)sustain vt.支撑, 撑住,
维持, 持续。根据句意，填入sustained切题，故答案为D)。
47.D
动词近义词辨析题。
随着审判的进行，谋杀案后的故事渐渐被了解。A)convict vt.证明……有罪, 宣告……有罪；B)release vt.释放,
解放, 放弃, 让与, 免除, 发表；C)haunt v.神鬼出没；D)unfold vt. 渐渐显露逐步被揭示到了解。根据句意，填入unfolded切题，故答案为D)。
48.C
动词近义词辨析题。
我们安装了风扇把油烟排出厨房。A)eject vt.逐出, 撵出, 驱逐, 喷射；B)exclude vt.拒绝接纳,
把……排除在外, 排斥；C)expel v.驱逐, 开除, 排出, 发射；D)exile vt.放逐, 流放, 使背井离乡。根据句意，填入expel切题，故答案为C)。
49.D
名词近义词辨析题。
退休显然是一个非常复杂的过渡时期，越早做打算越好。A)transformation n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换；B)transmission
n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播；C)transaction n.办理, 处理, 会报, 学报, 交易,
事务, 处理事务；D)transition n.转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调。根据句意，填入transition切题，故答案为D)。
50.B
名词辨析题。
互相尊重领土完整是我们两国发展外交关系的基础。A)unity n.团结, 联合, 统一, 一致；B)integrity n.正直,
诚实, 完整, 完全, 完整性；C)entirety n.全部, 完全；D)reliability n.可靠性。根据句意，填入integrity切题，故答案为B。
51.D
本题考查固定搭配的掌握。
作为这个大学最年轻的教授，布朗先生肯定即将拥有辉煌的事业。A)porch n.门廊, 走廊；B)edge n.刀口, 利刃,
锋, 优势, 边缘, 优势, 尖锐；C)course n.过程, 经过, 进程, 方针, 路线, 跑道, 课程；D)threshold
n.开始, 开端, 极限。threshold 可构成搭配on the threshold of在...的开头, 在...快要开始的时候,
在...的前夕。根据句意，填入threshold切题，故答案为D)。
52.A
名词近义词辨析题。
我们为了钱而工作，但这是个似是而非的论点，因为长时间工作辛苦的人常常不是赚钱最多的人。A)paradox n.似是而非的论点,
自相矛盾的话；B)prejudice n.偏见, 成见, 损害, 侵害；C)dilemma n.进退两难的局面, 困难的选择；D)conflict
n.斗争, 冲突。根据句意，填入paradox切题，故答案为A)。
53.C
名词近义词辨析题。
这座礼堂的设计展示了许多创意，我们以前从未见过类似的建筑。A)invention n.发明, 创造；B)illusion n.幻想；C)originality
n.创意, 新奇；D)orientation n.方向, 方位, 定位, 倾向性, 向东方。根据句意，填入originality切题，故答案为C。
54.D
形容词近义词辨析题。
在那次事故中，我的车的损坏微不足道，但是我现在仍然心有余悸。A)insufficient adj.不足的, 不够的；B)ignorant
adj.无知的；C)ambiguous adj.暧昧的, 不明确的；D)negligible adj. 不重大，不重要而不足以考虑的；微不足道的。根据句意，填入negligible切题，故答案为D)。
55.A
形容词近义词辨析题。
很少人能理解这个教授的讲座，因为它的主题很难理解。A)obscure adj.暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的；B)indefinite
adj.模糊的, 不确定的, （语）不定的；C)dubious adj.可疑的, 不确定的；D)intriguing adj.迷人的,
有迷惑力的, 引起兴趣(或好奇心)的。obscure指“某事物的意思含糊不清, 或因知识缺乏而难解的”，填入后切题，故答案为A)。
56.A 形容词辨析题。
钻石本身并无多大价值，它们的昂贵是因为它们的稀有。A)intrinsic adj.(指价值、性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的；B)eternal
adj.永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的, 没完没了的；C)subtle adj.狡猾的, 敏感的, 微妙的, 精细的, 稀薄的；D)inherent
adj.固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的。根据句意，填入intrinsic切题，故答案为A)。
57.B
形容词辨析题。
医生们对于有心脏病危险的病人更倾向于采取激光作为手术工具。A)infectious adj.有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的；B)disposed
adj.有某种健康状态的, 有...倾向的；C)accessible adj.易接近的, 可到达的, 易受影响的, 可理解的；D)prone
adj.倾向于。根据句意，填入disposed切题，故答案为B)。
58.A
形似词辨析题。
许多国家采取义务教育制度以提高平均受教育水平。A)compulsory adj.必需做的, 必修的, 被强迫的, 被强制的,
义务的；B)cardinal adj.主要的, 最重要的；C)constrained adj.不舒服的, 被强迫的, 拘泥的；D)conventional
adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的。根据句意，填入compulsory切题，故答案为A)。
59.B
形容词辨析题。
我经常吃中餐，但我从未想象过一次丰盛的中餐宴会有多么令人难以置信。A)prominent adj.卓越的, 显著的, 突出的；B)fabulous
adj.寓言中的, 寓言般的, 神话般的, 传统上的, 惊人的, 难以置信的；C)handsome adj.英俊的, 大方的,
慷慨的, 美观的, 堂皇的；D)gracious adj.亲切的, 高尚的。根据句意，填入fabulous切题，故答案为B)。
60.C
形容词辨析题。
他们是很谨慎的投资者，总是在投资前对当地和国际市场作全面的调查。A)implicit adj.暗示的, 盲从的, 含蓄的,
固有的, 不怀疑的, 绝对的；B)conscious adj.有意识的, 有知觉的, 故意的, 羞怯的；C)cautious
adj.谨慎的, 小心的；D)indecisive adj.非决定性的。根据句意，填入conscious切题，故答案为C)。
61.C
动词辨析题。
人口增长的原因除了出生率的上升和外来移民外，还和死亡率的下降有关。A)inclining n.倾向, 爱好；B)increasing
adj.渐增的,越来越多的；C)declining adj.倾斜的, 衰退中的；D)descending n.递减。根据句意，填入declining切题，故答案为C)。
62.B
形似形容词辨析题。
因为不断的交通的嘈杂声，我昨天一夜未睡。A)prevalent adj.普遍的, 流行的；B)perpetual adj.
不断的，一再重复的；C)provocative adj.煽动的；D)progressive adj.前进的, (税收)累进的,
进步的。根据句意，填入perpetual切题，故答案为B)。
63.A
形容词近义词辨析题。
别让这点小事妨碍我们处理大事。A)trivial adj.琐细的, 价值不高的, 微不足道的；B)slight adj.轻微的,
微小的；C)partial adj.部分的, 局部的, 偏袒的, 偏爱的n.；D)minimal adj.最小的, 最小限度的。根据句意，填入trivial切题，故答案为A)。
64.B
形容词辨义题。
如果你每天都去公园，你肯定能见到他在那儿锻炼。A)ordinarily adv.普通, 平常；B)invariably adv.不变地,
总是；C)logically adv.论理上, 逻辑上；D)persistently adv.持久稳固的。根据句意，填入invariably切题，故答案为B)。
65.C
副词辨析题。
虽然她是一个特别有天赋的舞蹈演员，但她仍然每天练习几个小时。A)traditionally adv.传统上, 传说上；B)additionally
adv.加之, 又；C)exceptionally adv.异常优越地；D)rationallly adv.讲道理地,
理性地。根据句意，填入exceptionally切题，故答案为C)。
66.D
名词近义词辨析题。
她手上的伤口已完全愈合了，没留下伤疤。A)defect n.过失, 缺点；B)sign n.标记, 符号, 记号, 征兆,
迹象, 痕迹；C)wound n.创伤, 伤口；D)scar n.伤痕,疤痕。根据句意，填入scar切题，故答案为D)。
67.B
动词词义辨析题。
想法是模拟常发生的碰撞来检验挡风玻璃的强度。A)assemble vt.集合, 聚集, 装配；B)simulate vt.模拟,
模仿, 假装, 冒充；C)accumulate v.积聚, 堆积；D)forge v.稳步前进, 铸造, 伪造。根据句意，填入simulate切题，故答案为B)。
68.B
动词近义词辨析题。
许多人珍视自由和独立超过其它任何事。A)embody vt.具体表达, 使具体化, 包含, 收录；B)cherish vt.珍爱,
怀抱(希望等)；C)fascinate vt.使着迷, 使神魂颠倒；D)illuminate vt.照明, 照亮, 阐明,
说明, 使灿烂, 以灯火装饰(街道等)。根据句意，填入cherish切题，故答案为B)。
69.A
动词词义辨析题。
我授意他当我不在办公室时全权代替我。A)authorize根据句意，填入authorize v.批准；B)justify v.证明...是正当的；C)rationalize
v.合理化；D)identify vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样。填入authorize切题，故答案为A)。
70.C
名词近义词辨析题。
过去十年来，天然气的产量没变，但消费量却持续在增加。A)dissipation n.消散, 分散, 挥霍, 浪费, 消遣,
放荡, 狂饮；B)disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配；C)consumption n.消费,
消费量；D)expenditure n.支出, 花费。根据句意，填入consumption切题，故答案为C)。
Part IV Error Correction
S1. itthey
考查人称的一致。人称代词要与下一句的“they”一致，因为它们指代的都是同一事物。
S2.percentspercent
本题考查词汇的用法。无论表达1%还是比1%大的百分比，percent都用单数。
S3.maintainmaintaining
本题考查前后用词的对称性。maintain此处的词形应与hiring一致，用动名词形式。
S4.subjectiveobjective
本题考查上下文的理解。根据文章内容，此处的词义显然应表示“客观的”，而subjective词义恰好与之相悖。
S5.valueevaluate
本题考查词义的辨析。value vt.估价, 定价；evaluate vt. 对...作评价。显然此处用evaluate合适。本题的干扰来自meets到底对不对，其实，只要弄清本句的主语为A
diversity committee，就知道本句用meets也是对的。
S6.an(去掉)
本题考查短语的掌握。in addition adv.另外。不能说in an addition。
S7.womanwomen
本题考查固定表达的掌握。表达妇女这一类人，最好用复数形式。
S8.fromin
本题考查动词词组的掌握。result from起于, 由于；result in导致, 终于造成……结果。根据句意，此处用result
in符合句意。
S9.majorityminority
本题考查上下文的理解。结合上下文，此处所指正是上文提到的minority。
S10.withas
本题考查固定搭配的掌握。as a result因此; 结果。此处将with改为as才正确。
Part V Writing
Changes on State-owned Houses
and Private Houses of China
The chart well shows the changes on state-owned houses and private
houses of China. In 1990, 75% houses in the country were state-owned,
with only a quarter left for individuals. From then on, great changes
took place. As shown by the chart, in 1995, the ratio between state-owned
houses and private ones was 3:2, that is, the number of private
houses has increased much, but still less than state-owned ones.
While by the year of 2000, things dramatically changed, with only
20% houses were state-owned, only one quarter of private houses.
These changes are mainly based on two reasons. For one thing, with
the pace of reform and opening-up furthering on, the traditional
housing system did not accommodate to the new situations. Thus,
state government abandoned it. Houses were no longer distributed
according to people’s ages or official status. People were encouraged
to buy their own houses. For another, owing to economic take-off
of the nation, miraculous growth was accordingly brought about to
people’s income. More and more people do have the capability to
buy their own houses. In addition, there is still another factor,
the government has taken great effort to build more houses in order
to meet the need of individuals.
With the new housing system bringing into effect, the state government
were released from the burden of providing housed for the people,
so it is enabled to make staggering progress in economy development.
On the other hand, as to individuals, everyone can buy and own his
private house and thus improve his housing standard. This can definitely
stimulate their working enthusiasm. Therefore, a mutually beneficial
circulation has been created.
2002年12月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A:
1.M: How well are you prepared for your presentation? Your turn
comes on next Wednesday.
W: I spend a whole week searching on the net. But it came up with
nothing valuable.
Q: What did the women say about her presentation?
2. W: Good morning, Jack. Late again! What’s the excuse this time?
M: I’m awfully sorry I must have turned the alarm off and gone back
to sleep again.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
3. W: Excuse me, but could you tell me where I can change American
Dollars into British Pounds?M: There is a bank around the corner,
but I’m afraid it’s already past it’s closing time. Why don’t you
try the one near the railway station?
Q: What does the man mean?
4. M:Could I speak to Dr. Chen? She told me to call her today.
W: She’s not available right now. Would you like to try around three?
Q: What does the woman tell the man to do?
5. W: Oh dear, I’m afraid I’ll fail again in the national test.
It’s the third time I took it.
M: Don’t be too upset. I have the same fate. Let’s try a fourth
time.
Q: What does the man mean?
6. W: Professor Smith, I really need the credits to graduate this
summer.
M: Here of this school, the credits are earned, not given .
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
7. M: How did you go to Canada, Jane? Did you fly?
W: I was planning to, because it’s such a long trip by bus or by
train, but Fred decided to drive and invited me to join him. It
took us two days and one night.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation?
8. M: How do you like the way I’ve arranged the furniture in my
living room?
W: Fine, but I think the walls could do with a few paintings.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
9. W: I don’t imagine you have any interest in attending my lecture
on drawing, do you?
M: Oh, yes, I do. Not that you remind me of it.
Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
10. M: You are my campaign manager. What do you think we should
do to win the election? I’m convinced I’m the best candidate for
the chairman of the Student Union.
W: We won’t be able to win unless you get the majority votes from
the women students.
Q: What is the man doing?
Section B
Passage One
There are some serious problems in the Biramichi river. The local
chamber of commerce, which represents the industry in the area,
hired me as a consultant to do a oneyear study on fishing in the
Biramichi river and write a report for them. This is my report:
One of the major problems in the Bramichi river is that the level
of oxygen in the water is too low. Several chemicals have displaced
the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories
which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local
community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The
local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste
water treatment projects, but it will cost another 27 million to
complete the projects. It will take at least 15 years for the town
to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects.
The factories here employ 17,000 people in an area where there is
very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical
to close or relocate the factories. Also the factories cannot afford
to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves. Another problem
is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are overfishing.
Fishes are
caught when they are on the way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently,
not enough fish are left to reproduce in large mumber. The members
of cooperative say that they had already reduced their annual catch
by 50 percent. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer
fish because there were fewer fish to catch, not because they were
trying to preserve fishes.
11. What was the speaker assigned to do in the past year?
12. What is one of the problems in the Biramichi river?
13. What does the passage tell us about the factories along the
river?
14. Why was the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi river reduced
according to the speaker?
Passage Two
Everybody has to die someday, but nobody likes to think about it.
Even so, at sometime in their lives, most people manage to think
about the question of how to make a will. If you have already made
yours, it is probably just a few pages of writing, stating that
you wish to leave everything to your family. That is the kind of
will that the majority of people make. However, there are plenty
of ways to make your will more interesting if you want to.To begin
with ,you don’t have to write it on paper. One man wrote his will
on an envelope, another on the door, and a third on an egg. For
some people, the most important part of their will is the part that
says how they want to be buried. Mrs. Sandra West, a rich widow
from Texas, decided that she wanted to be buried with her favorite
car. In 1973, Mr. Green, a dentist from England, left most of his
money to the nurse who worked for him if in 5 years she would not
wear any kind of make-up or jewel or go out with men. Finally, let’s
hope that your will is not like that of Dr. Wagner, who lived in
America 100 years ago. His family, who had not been to see him for
years, suddenly began to visit him when he became ill. What was
worse, each person suggested to Dr. Wagner that they would like
something to remember him by when he died. Greatly annoyed with
them, Dr. Wagner wrote a will that would do this: to each of his
four brothers, he left one of his legs or arms, his nephew got his
nose and his two nieces each got an ear. His teeth went to his cousin.
Then he set aside 1,000 dollars to pay for cutting his body and
the rest of his money he left to the poor.
15. What kind of will do most people leave behind according to the
passage?
16. What did the nurse have to do before getting the money left
by the English dentist?
17. Why did Dr Wagner make an unusual will?
Passage Three
In recent years, there has been an unusually large number of divorces
in the United States. In the past, when two people married each
other, they intended to stay together for life. While today, many
people marry believing that they can always get it divorce if the
marriage does not work out. In the past, a large majority of the
Americans frowned at the idea of divorce. Futhermore, many people
believed that getting a divorce was a luxury that only the rich
could afford. Indeed, getting a divorce was very expensive. However,
since so many people have began to take a more casual view of marriage,it
is interesting to know that the cost of getting a divorce is lower.
In fact, wherever you go in the United States today, it is not unusual
to see newspaper ads that provide information on how and where to
get a cheap divorce. Hollywood has always been known as the divorce
capital of the world. The divorce rate among the movie stars is
so high that it is difficult to know who is married to whom. Today
many movie stars change husbands and wives as though they were changing
clothes.Until marriage again become the serious and important part
of people’s lives, we will probably continue to see a high rate
of divorce.
18. What did many Americans think of divorce in the past?
19. What is the attitude of many Americans to marriage today?
20. In the speaker’s view, when will the high rate of divorce be
brought down?
1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.D
11.D 12.A 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.D 20.A
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】 本文首先以比尔·盖茨为例来对现在风靡世界的MBA的价值表示质疑，紧接着讨论了人们对MBA的看法，指出MBA实际上只是一个未来财富的光环，而其重要性和实用性却并不大，获得MBA的人往往会做理论分析，而不善于利用和处理公司中的人际关系。
21.A 第二段中“lowly commerce”和“greed”两词带有明显的轻视意味。故选A）项scornful(轻蔑的)，其余：appreciative欣赏的，赞赏的；envious嫉妒的；realistic现实的；均不合题意。
22.B
问题是：看起来，主要是什么使有关MBA学位的价值的争论激化?第二段提到，“Bill Gates,the billionaire
Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree,is
by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business
world’s favorite academic title:the MBA.” 比尔·盖茨，亿万富翁，微软主席，没有任何大学学历，通过其成功引起对商界所喜爱的MBA学术头衔的价值新的怀疑，第五段更明确地指出：“The
success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs,〖WW(〗… 〖WW)〗has helped
inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over
the worth of a business degree …” 比尔·盖茨及其它非MBA人士的成功，激起了人们对商校学位价值的自我清醒的争论。helped
inspire与题目中的意思相似。
23.D
此题难度较大，第五段谈到：“MBA人想很快提升，他们不懂政治，不懂人事，他们直到三年后才能与集体协作”，可那时，他们已转向寻找其它工作了。即MBA人士不擅于处理人际关系。选项A)文中未提及，而B)、C)说法不对，故只有D)才是正确的。
24.D
此题最好选用排除法，文中均未提过A)、B)、C)的说法，故排除，而D)则在第六段可找到相似说法。“The problem …,
is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power
far beyond its actual importance and usefulness”问题在于……，MBA已被套上了一圈光环，这个光环对未来权力及富裕的期望远远超出了它实际的重要性和用途，故D)为正确。
25.C
此题为主旨题。文章从头至尾紧扣一个主题：doubts or debates over the worth of MBA，故C)为正确。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文叙述了密歇根州Kalkaska关闭学校的事件。由于纳税人不同意财产税的增加，学校董事会以资金不足为由关闭了学校。学校及密歇根教育协会关闭学校的目的则是敦促州政府通过增加教育基金的立法。
26.A
第一段中指出：“…portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy
taxpayers.… the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the
state average…”媒体描述了全镇2，305学生成了吝啬的纳税人的牺牲品……这儿的财产税率比全州平均税率低1/3。最后一句说：Their
aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating
to increase the state’s share of school funding.他们的目的是加快密歇根法律制定人讨论增加学校基金州政府投入的进程。故可知，Kalkaska学校是由地方和州政府资助的，选A)。而在第三段中，也有暗示：“In
fact,closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including
$ 600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $ 250,000
in lost state aid.”
27.D
第一段最后一句话指出：他们的目的是加快密歇根州法律制定人讨论对学校基金增加州政府投入的法律进程，故D)为正确。
28.B
综合第三段可得出结论。第三段首句指出：学校方面并未为保持学校开设而尽全力。接下来仔细论证了这一观点，暗含作者不赞同关闭学校的意思。
29.D
第四段的首句便是所在。“Other signs suggest school authorities were at least
eager to make a political statement as to keep school open.”其它迹象显示，校方领导作政治声明的心情，与保证学校开门至少是一样急切的。故此句暗示，校方领导更关注的应是make
a political statement。故选D)。
30.B
问题问：根据文章，学校关门一事演变为危机是由于____。要选对这一题要纵观全文。第一段指出：“But shutting their
schools also allowed kalkaska’s educators and …,to make a political
point.”第四段再次指出：“Other signs suggest school authorities were at least
as eager to make a political statement as to keep school open.”尽管在第四段末尾“学校否认”the
moves were politica
lly motivates我们仍可出结论，B)为正确。而A)、D)的说法文中并不存在。因为最后一段说：“Michigan lawmakers
have reacted angrily to the closing”所以C)中“weak response”也失真，故只有B)为正确。
Passage Three
【短文大意】 本文讲述了工伤赔偿制度的起源以及这种制度在美国的发展和完善。这一制度最早是由德国首相俾斯麦于1884年制成法律，美国到1991年才有这一制度。开始赔偿金额很少，直到1972年后才上升，今天工伤赔偿金已经很高。
31.C
第一段指出：“Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless
as well as a practical Political impulse to undercut the support
of the socialist labor movement...”部分出于对无助者基督教徒的怜悯，同时出于削减对社会主义劳工运动的支持的政治冲动，(Chancellor
Bismark 1884年创立了世界上第一个工人补偿法)故，“Christian compassion”与“political
impulse”指 Bismark是出于宗教及政治上的考虑才创立工人补偿法的，故C)为正确。
32.A
第一段指出：“During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with
other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace
death and accidents as a result of growing industrialization.”19世纪中叶，作为工业化进程的结果之一，德国与其它欧洲国家一起，经历了史无前例的大量死亡事件与事故，故A)的说法是正确的。
33.D
第二段指出：“美国的受伤工人可以因伤害而在法庭起诉，但他们仍然面临大量艰难的法律障碍，如：受雇者必须有他们的伤是由雇主的疏忽直接造成，他们自己对车间潜在的危险一无所知，故D)为正确。34.C
第四段说：实际上，在美国，平均补偿金从1972年占州平均同薪的55%，一路攀升到今天的97%。但是，大多数研究显示，补偿金每提高10个点，结果索赔的工人数目就会增长5个点。故C)为正确。
35.B
最后一段话的最后一句说：随着如此巨大数目的金钱在补偿机制中浮动，医生与律师让自己分享这块增大的馅饼中的一份当然是毫不奇怪了。故B)“工人不是补偿制度中唯一获利的人”这一说法与文意相符，故B)为正确。而C)的说法过于夸张。
Passage Four
【短文大意】 二战后富足的社会导致了消费主义的盛行，作者讨论了人们追求物质消费所带来的一系列问题。
36.D
本题可从第一段总结得出。“……我们生产力巨大的经济……要求我们把消费作为生活方式，把买商品和使用商品变成仪式，在消费中满足精神需求，自我满足……我们以不断增长的比例消耗、烧毁、用坏、更换和抛弃东西”。这几句引用的话其实表达的是一个主题：二战后的富裕时代，人们崇拜消费主义，故D)为正确。
37.D
本题可选择排除法。A)的说法与第一段不符；B)、C)文中并未提及，只有D)为正确。第三段首句说：“消费已成为工业土地上生活的中心支柱，甚至已嵌入社会价值中。”有关“社会价值”，本段最后一句解释说“……消费主义的成功的定义正愈发流行”。综合这两处，可知，D)是正确。
38.B
这是一个因果关系题，第五段说：“讽刺的是，高消费就人类而言也许是一种混合的恩典。由来已久的正直性格辛勤工作，友谊家庭和大众的价值已经在奔向富裕的途中统统荡尽了。前一句是果，后一句是因，故B)为正确。
39.C
这是一道细节题。第五段谈到：“如此，工业地的许多人有种感觉：他们富庶的世界真实空空如也——那是被消费主义的文化所误导了的。他们试图用物质的东西来满足社会的、心理的和精神的必要需求，却一无所获，综合全段，只有C)的说法符合原文。
40.D
这是一道推断题，最后一段有两个疑问句：地球能承受什么水平的消费?何时不再拥有更多，停止扩大人们无休止的需求才是最佳?这两个问题其实都是在针对“如何保持合理消费的水平”而提出的。故只有D)为正确。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41.B
我检查了眼睛，报告单上说我的视力很好。A)outlook含义为“景色，前景”;C)horizon的含义为“地平线，视野”；B)vision的含义为“视力”；D)perspective的含义为“洞察力”。
42.C
他敬仰地看着柯林斯和皇家博物馆联合出版的照片。A)collection的含义为“收集”；C)collaboration的含义为“合作，协作”；其短语in
collaboration with意为与……联合，强调在文艺领域的合作；B)connection含义为“相联”；D)combination的含义为“结合”。
43.C
那时候，行政人员期望一生中主要在一间公司工作直到65岁退休——除非因不称职而被开除。A)integrity的含义为“诚实，坦诚”；C)incompetence的含义为“不称职，无能力”；B)denial的含义为“否认”；D)deduction的含义为“扣除”。
44.C 其余的人仔细谨慎地观察这一发现，注意到被动吸烟和癌症之间的因果关系仍待揭示。A)optimism的含义为“乐观”；C)caution含义为“小心”；B)passion的含义为“热情”；D)deliberation的含义为“慎重考虑，研究”。
45.D
1986年“挑战号”飞船灾难是因为发射前不正常低温。A)expedition的含义为“探险”；C)dismay含义为“惊恐，失望”；B)controversy的含义为“争论，争议”；D)disaster含义为“灾难，大事故”。
46.D
任何商品供过于求，价格就会下降。A)timely含义为“及时的，适时的”；C)subject的含义为“可能…的”；B)simultaneous含义为“同时的”；D)liable含义为“可靠的”。
47.C
这音乐引起他强烈的思乡之情。A)intentional含义为“有意的”；C)intense的含义为“强烈的”；B)intermittent的含义为“间歇的”；D)intrinsic含义为“固有的，本质的”。
48.B
我买了个有夜光表盘的钟，这样在黑暗中也能看清。A)supersonic含义为“超音速的”；C)audible含义为“听得见的”；B)luminous含义为“发光的，夜明的”；D)amplified含义为“放大的”。
49.A
结论难以让人相信，他不信这些结论是准确的。A)credible含义为“可靠的，可信的”；C)critical含义为“危急的”；B)contrary含义为“相反的”；D)crucial含义为“关键的”。
50.C
这种新激光打印机适用各种主要软件。A)comparable含义为“相关的，相当的”；C)compatible含义为“一致的，配套的”；B)competitive含义为“有竞争力的”；D)cooperative含义为“合作的”。
51.B
球在滚下坡前跳了两三下。A)sway含义为“摇摆”；C)hop含义为“双足跳”；B)bounce含义为“(球)跳，弹”；D)dart含义为“急冲，急投”。
52.C
他扬扬眉毛，头伸到前面后猛点一下，这是那时男孩子们高兴时表示“好”的样子。A)shrug含义为“耸”；C)jerk含义为“猛拉”，B)tug含义为“拖”；D)twist含义为“扭曲”。
53.C
很多种岩石都是火山以固体碎片的形式喷出来的。A)fling的含义为“扔，抛”；C)eject含义为“驱逐”；B)propel含义为“推动”；D)inject含义为“注射”。
54.B
价格涨落太大，学校很难作预算。A)vibrate含为“颤动”；C)flutter含义为“振(翅)，摆动”；B)fluctuate含义为“涨落，起伏”；D)swing含义为“摇摆”。
55.A
这种研究方法的创始人值得我们表扬。A)originate含义为“为……创造(发起)人”。C)generate含义为“引起，导致”；B)speculate的含义为“思索，推测”；D)manufacture含义为“生产，制造”。
56.C
假设对能源的需求以现在的速度继续上涨，不久后传统能源就不够了。A)concern含义为“与……相关，关心”；C)assume含义为“假设”；B)ascertain含义为“弄清”；D)regard含义为“认为”。
57.B
她的珠宝在灯光下闪烁，她成为了舞会中最耀眼的人。A)glare含义为“瞪”；C)blaze含义为“着火”；B)glitter含义为“闪烁”；D)dazzle含义为“使目眩”。
58.A
康妮被告知她若工作太卖力，健康就会恶化。A)deteriorate含义为“变坏，恶化”；B)descend含义为“下来，下降”；C)degrade含义为“贬低”；D)decay含义为“腐朽”。
59.C
我们发现鸟类一年两次迁移徙于温暖和寒冷的国家。A)transfer含义为“传送”；C)migrate含义为“鸟类迁徙”；B)commute含义为“(乘火车)往返”；D)emigrate含义为“移居外国”。
60.B
作为访问学者，他们愿意遵从所在国的习俗。A)submit含义为“上交”；C)subject含义为“使服从，使隶属”；B)conform含义为“服从，遵从”；D)commit含义为“承诺，作保证”。
61.B
超过85%的法籍加拿大人母语是法语，而且他们追随的是罗马天主教。A)cater to含义为“迎合”；C)ascribe to含义为“归于……”；B)adhere
to含义为“追随，依附”；D)subscribe to含义为“(常用于疑问然和否定句)同意”。
62.C
教授总在想总会有人做那些事。A)preside含义为“主持”；C)ponder含义为“思索”；B)pore含义为“仔细阅读”；D)presume含义为“(没根据地)相信，推测”。
63.B
在有人因银行劫案被捕之前已过了几周了。A)terminate含义为“终结，结束”；C)overlap含义为“叠盖”；B)elapse含义为“(时光)流逝”；D)expire含义为“到期，期满”。
64.A
为了防止金属受压力，就用膨胀锣丝，这会减轻管子自由膨胀或收缩时的压力。A)relieve含义为“减轻”；C)reclaim含义为“收回”；B)reconcile含义为“使和解”；D)rectify含义为“纠正”。
65.C
你们国家多少供电来自水能?A)deduce含义为“推断”；C)derive含义为“来源于，来自”；B)detach含义为“分开”；D)decline含义为“下降”。
66.D
她辞职时复制了公司的客户资料，以接近自己开展生意。A)dwell on含义为“细想”；C)base on含义为“以……为基础”；B)come
upon含义为“碰上”；D)draw upon含义为“接近”。
67.B
玻璃容器要小心轻放，因为它们很易碎。A)intricate含义为“复杂精细的”；C)subtle含义为“微妙的”；B)fragile含义为“易破，易碎的”；D)crisp含义为“脆的，干而硬的”。
68.A
山坡上林木被清改种粮食，这只会加速灾难的发生。A)accelerate含义为“加速”；C)ascend含义为“上升”；B)prevail含义为“盛行”；D)precede含义为“先于……(发生)”。
69.B
他吹灭蜡烛，摸索着去门口。A)converge含义为“集中”；C)strive含义为“奋斗”；B)grope含义为“摸索”；D)wrench含义为“猛拉”。
70.A
常常这种争论会掩盖所涉及的事而不是去澄清它。A)obscure含义为“使模糊，掩盖”；C)tacklet含义为“处理”；B)prejudice含义为“使有成见”；D)block含义为“阻碍”。
Part Ⅳ Cloze
71.D
confronted含义为“被面对困难”；confined含义为“受局限”；commanded含义为“使指挥的”；committed含义为“忠诚的，献身的”。与motivated相对，选D)最合适。
72.A
support含义为“支持”；oppose含义为“反对”；argue含义为“争论”；despire含义为“轻视”。据上下文，选A)最合适。
73.B
combination含义为“结合”，coherence含义为“连贯性”，cooperativeness含义为“协作性”；correlation含义为“关联”。根据后文中内容，选B)最合适。
74.A
willingness含义为“意愿”，sensitivity含义为“敏感”；loyalty含义为“忠心”，virtue含义为“优点，好处”，此处选A)最合适。
75.B
in making...decisions在作……决定上，bear在此处意为支持，即自愿支持有关工作岗位的决定。
76.D
disclose含义为“公开，揭露”；revise含义为“改变”；watch含义为“注意”；see的含义为“看到，看出，察觉”。此处选D)最合适。
77.C
therefore含义为“因此”；because含义为“因为”；whereas含义为“但是”；nonetheless含义为“尽管如此”。根据此处表示的是原因，所以选C)。
78.A
A)、B)、D)意义上都能适用，但能省to不定式“manage its...”的只能是A)项。
79.D
evidently含义为“明显地”；aggressively含义为“好斗的”；prescisely含义为“准确的”；effectively含义为“有效地”。根据文意，此处选D)最合适。
80.C
develop含义为“开发”；discover含义为“发现”，invent含义为“发明”；locate含义为“定位”。81.B
derive含义为“来源于”；descend含义为“下降”；differ含义为“与……不同”；detach含义为“分隔”。根据上下文，此处应为B)。
82.B
inherently含义为“本质的，固有的”；conditionally含义为“有条件地”；traditionally含义为“传统的”；occasionally含义为“偶尔地”。根据文意，此处选B)最合适。
83.A
encourage含义为“鼓励”；disapprove含义为“不同意”；dismiss含义为“解散”；engage含义为“引起”。根据后文，此处选A)最合适。
84.A
enhance含义为“增加，增强”；ignore含义为“忽视”；enlarge含义为“扩大”；degrade含义为“贬低”。此处选A)最合适。
85.D
theme含义为“主题”；research含义为“研究”；subject含义为“主题，科目”；things含义为“事物，事”。此处选D)最合适。
86.C
此处是针对雇员而言的，所以选C)。
87.B
faithful含义为“忠诚可信的”；skillful含义为“有技巧的，有技能的，灵巧的;powerful含义为“作用大的，有力的”；thoughtful含义为“思考的”。根据上下文，此处选B)最合适。
88.A
situation含义为“状况，形势”；circumstance含义为“环境，条件”；status含义为“身位，地位”；position含义为“方位，地位”。根据上下文，此处选A)最合适。
89.A
predict含义为“预计，预见”；defy含义为“蔑视”；proclaim含义为“宣告”；diagnose含义为“诊断”。根据文意，此处应选A)。
90.C
此处as含义为“作为……”。
Part Ⅴ Writing
It Pays to Be Honest
From the mass media and also with our own eyes, we know much dishonest
behaviour existed in our society. For example, businessmen sell
fake products to cheat their customers; students copy other one’s
homework or download illicit paper from Internet to cheat their
teachers; and even worse, there are medical person produce fake
medicine harming the patients. Seeing our society is filled with
so many dishonest phenomena, I can’t help asking myself what’s wrong
with us ? When we were very young we were taught the importance
of being honest. I am sure everyone must still remember that story
“wolf is coming”. In the story the child kept cheating other people
that wolf was coming, but when the wolf really came, nobody trusted
his words and he finally suffered his own dishonesty. Also we have
heard many stories that people benefit from their virtues of honesty.
So since we have already known being honest benefit both ourselves
and other people, why many of us are still dishonest? I hope everyone
to bear in mind that being honest is the basic quality of human
being and then we won’t be afraid of any “wolf”.
2002年6月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W：The deadline for the sociology and computer courses is the
day after tomorrow.
M：But I have not decided which courses to take yet.
Q：What are the man and woman talking about?
2. M：I’m looking for an apartment with a monthly rent of around
$200 in this neighourhood. Could you give some advice on that?
W：Well. It’s rather hard to find anything for less than $300 around
there, rents are lower in the suburbs. But you’ll need transportation
if you choose to live there.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation?
3. W：Well, Tonight we have Prof. Brown in the studio to talk about
his recent book, Fashion Images. Good evening.
M：Good evening, and thank you for inviting me here this evening.
Q：What is the woman doing?
4. M：Have you run up against any prblems in getting the passport
renewed?
W：I have’t started applying yet.
Q：What do we know from the conversation?
5. M：I must point out that trials of new medicine are expensive
and you can never guarantee success.
W：But there is a very good chance in this case. I hope you will
go ahead in view of the potential benifit to mankind.
Q：What are the two speakers talking about?
6. W：What is the difference between a lesson and a lecture?
M：Well, they are both ways of imparting knowledge, but the main
difference is that you participate in a lesson whereas you just
listen to a lecture. A lecture is generally given to a much larger
group.
Q：What does the man mean?
7. W：It’s awfully dark for four o’clock. Do you think it’s going
to rain?
M：You’d better do something about that watch of yours. It must have
stopped three hours ago.Mine says seven.
Q：What conclusion can we draw from this conversation?
8. M：You are looking a little overwhelmed.
W：Exactly. You know I got a million things to do and all of them
have to be finished within three hours.
Q：What does the woman mean?
9. M：Ah, er! Looks like I’m going to be a little late for class.
I hope Professor Clark doesn’t start on time today.
W：Are you kidding? You can set your watch by the time he starts
his class.
Q：What can be inferred about Professor Clark?
10. M：I’m both excited and nervous about the job interview this
afternoon.
W：Take it easy, just wear a tidy and clean clothes and response
truthfully to the inquiries and remember, honesty is the best policy.
Q：What do we learn about the man?
Section B
Passage One
Jane Brown, has been married for 12 years, she has three children
and lives in a suburb outside Columbus Ohio. When her youngest child
reached school age, Jane decided to go back to work. She felt that
she should contribute to the household finances. Her salary could
make the difference between the financial struggle and a secure
financial situation for her family. Jane also felt bored and frustrated
in her role as a home maker and wanted to be more involved
in life outside her home. Jane was worried about the children’s
adjustment to this new situation, but she arranged for them to go
stay with a woman nearby after school each afternoon. They seemed
to be happy with the arrangement. The problem seemed to be between
Jane and her husband Bill.When Jane was at home all day, she was
able to clean the house, go grocery shopping, wash the clothes,
take care of the children and cook the two or three meals each day.
She was very busy, of course, but she succeeded in getting everything
done. Now these same things need to be done, but Jane has only evenings
and early mornings to do them. Both Jane and Bill are tired when
they arrived at home at six p.m. Bill is accustomed to sitting down
and reading the paper or watching TV until the dinner is ready.
This is exactly what Jane feels like doing, but so
meone has to fix the dinner, and Bill expects it to be Jane. Jane
is becoming very angry at Bill’s attitude. She feels that they should
share the household jobs. But Bill feels that everything should
be the same as it was before when back to work.
11. Why did Jane want to go back to work?
12. How did Jane spend her days before she went back to work?
13. What problem arose when Jane went back to work?
14. What does the story try to tell us?
Passage Two
The decade for natural disaster reduction is a programme designed
to reduce the impact of natural disasters throughout the world.
With the support from the UN, countries will be enouraged to share
information about disaster reduction, for instance, information
about how to plan for and cope with hurricanes, earthquakes and
other natural disasters. One of the most important things the programme
plans to do is to remind us of what we can do to protect ourselves.
For example, we can pack a suitcase with flashlights, a radio, food,
drinking water and some tools. This safety case may help us survive
disaster until help arrives. Besides, the programmes will encourage
governments to establish building standards, emergency response
plan and training plans. These measures can help to limit the destruction
by natural disasters. The comparatively mild-effects of the northern
California earthquake in 1989, are good evidence that we do have
the technology to prevent vast destruction. The recent disasters,
on the other hand, prove that people will suffer if we don’t use
that technology. When a highway collapsed in northern California,
people were killed in their cars. The highway was not built according
to stricter standards to resist earthquakes. Individuals and governments
have to be far-sighted. We should take extra time and spend extra
money to build disaster safety into our lives. Although such programme
can’t hold back the winds or stop earthquakes, they can save people’s
lives and homes.
15. What is the purpose of the programme mentioned in this passage?
16. What can we learn from the northern California earthquake in
1989?
17. Why did the highway in northern California collapse?
Passage Three
Living at the foot of one of the most active volcanos might not
appeal to you at all. But believe it or not, the area surrounding
Mount Etna in Italy is packed with people. In fact, it is the most
densely-populated region on the whole island of Sicily. The reason
is that rich volcanic soil makes the land fantastic for farming.
By growing and selling a variety of crops, local people earn a good
living. For them, the economic benefit they reap surpasses the risk
of dying or losing property in one of volcanos frequent eruptions.
People everywhere make decisions
about risky situations this way, that is, by comparing the risks
and the benefits. According to the experts, the size of the risks
depends on both its probability and seriousness. Let’s take Mount
Etna for example, it does erupt frequently, but thousands of the
eruptions are usually minor, so the overall risk for people living
nearby is relatively small. But suppose Mount Etna erupted every
day, or imagine that each eruption there killed thousands of people,
if that were the case, the risk would be much larger. Indeed, the
risk would be too large
for many people to live with and they would have to move away.
18. How do people make decisions about risky situations?
19. What do we know about Mount Etna from the passage?
20. What will people living near Mount Etna do in the face of its
eruptions?
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.A
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】 本文介绍了在里约热内卢的环境大会上,科学家们探讨了过去地球气温如何变化,以及这些变化对人类的生存带来的影响。由于一万年以前的全球气温变暖，以致人类的生活方式发生巨大变化，并促进农业的形成。研究者们还认为几亿年以来，地球气温是呈周期性变化的。最新研究表明，全球气候变化对人类的进化，人类历史及文明的形成有深远的影响。同时，过去几亿年地球气温变化的模式显示未来地球的气温还将剧烈变化，而且这种变化将不受到人类活动的影响。
21.A 耕种作为一种生存策略出现，是因为人类被迫____。 本题为细节理解题，从文章第一段最后两句得出答案。“After driving
many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were
forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival
strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The
adaptation was farming:”由于沙漠扩大，世界各洲植被变化，许多动物濒临灭绝，所以人类被迫放弃旧的靠狩猎为生的生活方式，而转为发展耕种业。因此，选项A）为是正确答案。
22.D
地球科学家开始理解气温____。本题也为细节理解题，测试学生对某一细节的理解能力。可从短文
第二段最后一句得到答案。“Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating
picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that
have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold,
wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds
of millions of years.”这其中back again over a time period是关键词，该句子的意思为：几亿年以来，地球环境从暖变冷，由湿变干，循环往复，呈周期性变化。
23.C
科学家认为人类的进化____。 本题为事实辨认题。短文第三段段首提到“Most importantly, scientists
are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major
impact on the evolution of the human species.”因此，人类的进化深受气候的影响。故选C)。
24.C
过去气温变化的迹象表明____。本题也为事实辨认题。短文最后一句提到：“In fact, the pattern of climate
change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly
go through d
ramatic changes in the future”意为：过去几亿年地球气温变化的模式显示未来地球气温必定会发生剧烈变化。因此，选C。
25.B
在这篇短文中，作者想要表达的信息是____。本题为细节推断题，测试考生对文章细节的理解。根据短文最后一句“In fact, the
pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate
will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—even
without the influence
of human activity.”可以得出：人类活动对未来地球气温的剧烈变化无能为力。其它几项不正确。因此，选项B)为正确答案。
Passage Two
【短文大意】 本文表达了作者对当今女性追求苗条这种现象的一些看法。当今社会，保持身材苗条似乎成为妇女的美德，以致本文作者也把节食作为生活的一部分。过去，人们把胖作为财富和小康生活的标志，今天却恰恰相反。我们追求苗条有时也出于健康的考虑，但事实上健康与合理饮食和运动的关系更大。因此，我们不应过分关注体重，而应培养良好的生活方式。
26.C
在作者眼中，现在的一种奇怪现象是____。本题为细节推断题，测试考生对文章细节的理解。文章第一段就提到“Now woman can
be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late
Duchess(公爵夫人) of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our
times. Being thin is deemed as such a virture ”。该句意为：现在的女性越富有越好，越苗条越好，温莎公爵夫人的这句名言体现了我们时代的一种奇怪精神：保持苗条成为女性的美德。C）项中desired
quality与virtue是同义词。因此，选 项C）为本题正确答案。
27.A
深受潮流的影响，作者____。 本题为细节推断题，测试考生对文章细节的理解。文章第二段中讲
到“I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes.
Consequently. I have been on a diet for the better—or worse—part
of my life.”，本文作者为了能穿下小号的时装，也把节食作为生活的一部分。句子中the better-or worse-part
of即the great part of 。因此，选项A）为本题正确答案。
28.B 在人类历史上，人们对体重的看法____。
本题考查考生根据已知事实作推断的能力，文章第三段讲到“In some religious groups, wealth was
a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign
of wealth and well-being.”，因此我们可知过去人们把肥胖作为富有的象征，而文章第四段第一句讲到“Today
the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark
of virtue.”，现在情况恰恰相反，即把苗条看作是美德的标志，由此我们可得出结论：人们对体重的看法在不停的变化。因此，选
项B为本题正确答案。29.B
作者批评妇女过去追求苗条____。 本题考查考生的概括能力。文章第五段提到出于对健康的考虑，妇
女会更加迷恋于追求苗条。而后作者从社会学的角度反驳了这一观点，认为胖子的增多与生活方式有关。接着作者又从医学的角度分析了饮食不合理更容易导致消化道
系统的癌变，而不是体重的问题。因此，选 项B为本题正确答案。
30.A
对于那些沉迷于保持身材苗条的女性，作者提出了什么忠告？本题为事实辨认题，考查考生对有关事实的辨认能力。文章最后一段倒数第二句提到“It
is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think
they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention
to their overall life-style.”该句意为：那些体重减轻的人（或已经很苗条的人）如果认为苗条就意味着健康而不全面注意生活方式，那是非常危险，其言下之意是作者劝告她们多注意overall
life-style。因此，选 项A) 为本题正确答案。
Passage Three
【短文大意】 类似于动物，战争和暴力都是人类本能冲动的表现。不同的是，人类的暴力是一种后天行为，要受到社会习俗的约束。在一个社会中，暴力受到法律体制的约束。发现、控制和惩罚暴力的责任随着社会的发达而增大。大多数部落社会对待暴力的方式是报复；而在法治社会，报复的责任更客观，更分散。社会尽力地保护个人不受暴力侵害。若保护失败，则会对暴力行为进行惩罚。法律体制一方面保护个人，另一方面为了国家利益而使个人成为暴力的牺牲品。战争不仅仅是国家之间通过战斗解决纠纷的方式；它是要求成员作出极端牺牲的手段。战争考验一个社会的宗教和道德水平。
31.B
本题为事实辨认题。文章第一段最后两句提到“Religious traditions have taken a leading role
in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual
and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed”因此，选项B）为本题正确答案。
32.A
本题也为事实辨认题。文章第二段第二句提到“The more developed a legal system becomes,
the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control,
and punishment of violent acts.”其它几项不正确。因此，选项A）为正确答案。
33.D
本题关键是对depersonalized and diffused的准确理解。其意为不受个人情感所影响并且客观地普遍地履行法律责任。因此，选项D）符合此意，为正确答案。
34.A
文章中“allegiance”为“效忠、忠诚”，只有A）项符合。
35.D
本题为细节推断题。由最后一段第一句“The other side of a state legal apparatus is a
state military apparatus.”及倒数第二句“War is the moment when the state
makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment
allegiance, and supreme sacrifice.”可知D）项最能概括该段的中心思想。
Passage Four
【短文大意】 如果不熟悉所研究的对象，研究人员就得倍加小心，不然会有先入为主的文化偏见。在文化和少数民族问题的研究中，有两种截然不同的方法：音位学的和非音位学。前者并不注重某一文化与其他文化的联系，而是旨在描述对于某一文化或少数民族内部有重要意义的行为。后者则描述所有文化共同适用的行为。在研究中，前者设计的问卷只包含那些对研究对象有意义的内容，而后者只包括能反映文化整体特征的内容。在关于家庭的研究中，从音位学出发，研究者可能只注重中产阶级白人家庭；而非音位学还注重除此以外的所有家庭类型。
36.B
本题为细节推断题。由文章首句指出那些不熟悉他们所正研究的文化和种族团体的研究人员必须多采取一些预防措施来摒除那些由于只从他们自己文化的角度出发来看待其他文化及种族团体所引起的种种偏见。可推断出选项B）为正确答案。
37.A
本题为细节推断题。通过第二段中对这两种不同研究方式的对比解释不难看出作者意在指出两者在研究种族问题上具有不同的侧重点。故A）为正确答案。
38.D
本题为细节辨认题。由第二段中倒数第三、四行“in an emic fashion, the concern is only that
the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic
group being studied.”因此，可知D)项为正确答案。
39.C
本题也为细节辨认题。同样由第二段中可知“In an etic approach, the goal is to describe
behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures.”“If,
however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion,
they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to
all cultures involved.”由此可知C)项为正确答案。
40.D
本题为细节推断题。由最后一段中倒数第二句“In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers
would likely discover that the extended family... White American
families.”不难推断出少数民族彼此间的家庭联系较白人家庭间的联系更为密切。因此选项D)最符合题意。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41.B 据称那家餐馆歧视黑人顾客。 本题为形近动词辨析题。A)addict 意为“使沉溺, 使上瘾”； B)allege意为“宣称,
断言”；C)assault 意为“袭击”； D)ascribe基本意思是“归因于, 归咎于”。因此,选B)项符合题意。
42.B
这种药可以减轻病人的痛苦但不能治愈病人的病。 本题为动词词义辨析题。A) activated 意为 “刺激, 使活动 ,有活力”；
C) mediate意为“仲裁, 调停, 作为引起……的媒介, 居中调停”；D) deteriorate意为“(使)恶化 ”；
B) alleviate意为“使(痛苦等)易于忍受, 减轻” 。依据句子要表达的意思,只有B为正确答案。
43.A
他是唯一能在这个案子中作证的人, 因为其它目击者均被神秘地杀害了。 本题为近义动词辨析题。A),B),C),D)各词均有与办案有关的意思。
但含义和用法有区别。A)testify意为“证明, 证实, 作证”； C)accuse意为“控告, 谴责, 非难”； B)charge有“控诉,
责令, 告诫, 加罪于”的意思； D)rectify 意为“改正；校正；纠正”。 根据句子后半部分要表达的意思, 选testify符合题意。
44.C
霍金教授被公认为世界上在世的最伟大的物理学家之一。 本题为形近动词辨析题。 A)dignify 意为“使尊荣, 增威严, 使高贵,
故做显贵”;C)acknowledge 意为“承认, 答谢, 报偿”, 这里有“公认”的意思;B)clarify 意为“澄清,
阐明”, D)illustrate意为“加插图，作图解，说明”。 明白了各词的确切意思,就不难作出选择。
45.D
该公司的财政状况因银行利息的增加更加恶化了。本题为近义形容词辨析题。各词都含“增加”、“增大”的意思。A)increase系常用词,
指“形状、大小、数量、程度等的增大”, 如:increase one’s weight
［power, debt］增加体重［权力, 债务］。C)reinforce 意为增强, 给予更多的力量或效力，加强，尤从心理上。如:The
news reinforced her hopes. 这个消息增强了她的希望, B)strengthen: to make st
rong or increase the strength of.使强壮或增加……的力量,指力量,能力上的增强。而D)aggravated有“加重，加剧；使恶化，使变得更坏或更麻烦”的意思。
从整个句子要表达的意思看, 选D) 为正确答案。
46.C
我们也许不能探知亚原子粒子的确切性质。本题为近义动词辨析题。A)assert意为“断言, 声称”；B) impart意为“给予(尤指抽象事物),
传授, 告知, 透露”；C)ascertain意为“确定, 探知”； D)notify意为“通报”。 将各词试着填入句子, 选ascertain最为合适。
47.A
看到成百个气球慢慢升向空中时,体育场所有的人都欢呼起来。本题为近形近义动词辨析题。A)、B)两项近形近义, 且A)、B)、C)均有上升之意。各词之间意思有较大差别。A)ascend
“上浮, 登高”通常表示一步一步逐渐地上升。如：The plane took off and ascended steadily
until it was out of sight. 飞机起飞之后平稳地逐渐升空直到消失在视野之外。B) elevate 它更经常地含有“使崇高、使高贵或在道德上或智力上提高”的意思：如：A
generous and elevated mind is distinguished by nothi
ng more certainly than an eminent degree of curiosity.一颗慷慨、高贵的心灵最显著的特征当然是具有强烈的求知欲。C)escalate
逐步升高, 逐步增强；使逐步上升。D) linger意为“逗留, 闲荡, 拖延, 游移，延迟的, 逗留不去的”。因此，由句意可知A)为正确答案。
48.B
当他们再一次返回以前的市区时，很多年已经消逝过去。 本题为动词词义辨析题。A)floate意为“漂浮（流）, 浮起; 飘动”；B)elapse意为“(时间)过去,
消逝，流逝”；C) skip意为“跳, 蹦, 急速改变, 跳读, 遗漏, 跳跃”；D)proceed意为“进行, 继续下去, 发生”。根据题意，选项B)为正确答案。49.A
你现在说的和你上个星期所说的不一致。 本题为近义形容词词义辨析题。A)consistent 一致的, 调和的,坚固的; C)permanent永久的,
持久的 ;B)persistent 持久稳固的; D)insistent坚持不懈的。 根据题意，选项A)为正确答案。
50.D
军事命令是强制性的，不得违背。本题为形容词词义辨析题。 A)defective意为“有缺陷的, (智商或
行为有)欠缺的”; B)conservative意为“保守的, 守旧的”; C)alternative意为“选择性的, 二中择一的”;
D)imperative意为“命令的, 强制的, 紧急的, 必要的, 势在必行的, ［语法］祈使的”。根据题意，选项D)为正确答案。
51.A
一些教育家们尝试将具有相似能力的学生放在同一个组进行学习，他们相信这种同类分组是明智的。
本题为形容词词义辨析题。A)homogeneous同类的, 相似的, 均一的, 均匀的; B)instantaneous 瞬间的,
即刻的, 即时的; C)spontaneous 自发的, 自然产生的; D)anonymous 匿名的。由此可以，homogeneous符合题意。
52.B
即使聪明的人有时也做荒谬的事。 本题为近形形容词词义辨析题。A)abrupt意为“突然的, 陡峭的, 生
硬的”； B)absurd意为“荒谬的, 可笑的”； C)acute意为“敏锐的, ［医］急性的, 剧烈”； D)apt意为“易于……的,
有……倾向的, 灵敏的, 灵巧的, 适当的, 切题的, 敏捷, 倾向是”。根据题意，选项B)为正确答案。
53.D
如果成员们不能达成共识，委员会每走一步都将受到牵制。 本题为动词词义辨析题。A)collided意为“碰撞,冲突，抵触”，为不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，常与with连用；
B)savaged意为“用暴力对付”； C)crumbled意为“弄碎, 粉碎, 崩溃”； D)hampered意为“妨碍, 牵制”。故选项D)为正确答案。
54.C
虽然全世界的粮食产量提高了，但仍有数以百万计的人在挨饿。 本题考查对形近动词的辨析。其中，A)stagger意为“摇晃, 蹒跚,
交错, 摇摇摆摆” B)shrink意为“收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短 ”C)soar意为“剧增, 昂扬”D)suspend意为“吊,
悬挂;延缓” 。根据题意，选项C) 为正确答案。
55.D
因为在事业上常年遭受挫折， 他养成了愤世嫉俗的态度。本题考查表示选择的情态动词的实际应用。A)sneaking意为“偷偷逃走的,
不争气的, 内心里的, 卑鄙的; ” B)disgusted意为“厌恶的, 厌烦的 ”C)drastic意为“激烈的, (药性等)猛烈的”；D)cynical意为“愤世嫉俗的”。根据题意，选项D)为正确答案。
56.A
他们相信他们要求平等的运动还没达到高潮，而仅仅只是个开端。本题为名词近义词词义辨析题。A)，B)，C)三项均有最高点的意思，但是A)climax
意为“高潮, 顶点”；往往是接近尾声的高潮，与句中的beginning形成对照，根据题意，应选为正确答案。B)summit意为“顶点,
最高阶层” 往往指成就的顶峰或山的最高峰，与句意不符。C)pitch意为“音高; 音高标准”；D)maximum意为“最大量,
最大限度, 极大”。
57.D
几个来宾在入口处等待前门打开。本题考查名词词义的辨析。A)porch 意为“门廊, 走廊”通常指有
顶的 ； B)vent意为“通风孔, 出烟孔, 出口, (感情等的)发泄”；C)inlet意为“进口, 入口, 水湾, 小港,
插入物”；D)entry意为“入口; 门口；通道, 路口; 河口 ”。 根据题意，选项D为正确答案。58.C
由于群山被一层云所笼罩，我们不能看到山顶。 本题考查对近义名词搭配的掌握。前三个词均有薄层，一层的意思，但A)coating 表示涂在表面的覆盖层，如：a
cake with a coating of chocolate. 涂有巧克力的蛋糕。B)film也表示薄层，但往往用于下列搭配：a
film of dust.一层尘土； C)veil表示像象面纱式的遮盖物，如：A veil of mist covered the
trees. 薄雾笼罩着树丛。D)shade与of搭配表示细微差别,如：shades of meaning. 意义的细微差别。因此，本题选项C为正确答案。
59.D
因为我们实在买不起房子，所以我们通过分期付款的方法每月付款。本题为名词形近词词义辨析题。A)investment意为“投资, 可获利的东西”；B)requirements意为“需求,
要求, 必要条件, 需要的东西, 要求必备的条件; ”C)arrangements意为“排列, 安排; ”D)installments意为“分期付款
”。根据题意，选项D为正确答案。
60.A
魔术师让我们认为他把那女孩切成了碎片，但那只不过是一个幻觉。本题为形近名词词义辩析题。A)illusion意为“幻想” ； B)impression意为“印象,
感想, 盖印, 压痕”；C)image意为“图象, 肖像, 偶像, 形象化的比喻, 极为相象, 映像, 典型”；D)illumination意为“照明,
阐明, 启发, 灯彩(通常用复数)” 。根据题意，选项A为正确答案。
61.A
良好的教育是一笔终身财富，让你一辈子受益。本题考查对下列名词词义的掌握。A)asset意为“资产, 有用的东西”； B)ethic意为“道德规范,
伦理 ”；C)inventory意为“详细目录, 存货, 财产清册, 总量”；D)obligation意为“义务, 职责, 债务”。根据题意，选项A为正确答案。
62.D
赠与礼物能表示你的感激之情，并能表示你很看重相互之间的友谊。本题考查对固定短语的掌握。A)solidarity意为“团结 ”；B)priority意为“先,
前, 优先, 优先权”；C)superiority意为“优越, 高傲”；D)hospitality意为“好客,宜人, 盛情”。根据题意，选项D为正确答案。
63.D
设计者已经为他的新发明申请了专利。本题为形近名词词义辨析题。A)tariff意为“关税 ” ；B)discount意为“折扣 ”；C)version意为“译文,
译本”； D)patent意为“专利权, 执照”。 根据题意，选项D为正确答案。
64.C
玩具制造商制造了太空站的微缩模型，制作得惟妙惟肖。本题为形近形容词的辨析题，A)minimal意为“最小的, 最小限度的”；B)minimum意为“最小的,
最低的”；C)miniature意为“ miniature微型的, 缩小的”；D)minor意为“较小的, 次要的, 二流的,
未成年的”。根据题意，选项C为正确答案。
65.D
增能源税能够抑制一般空气污染、限制石油进口、减少预算赤字。本题考查对形近名词词义的掌握。A)disposition 意为“性情；脾气”；B)discrepancy意为“相差,
差异, 矛盾”；C)defect意为“过失, 缺点 ”；D)deficit意为“赤字, 不足额”。 根据题意，选项D为正确答案。
66.C
他们已经决定废除所有当地学校的体罚。 本题考查对动词与“away”搭配组成的词组的掌握程度。A)put away意为“储存（钱）；储存……备用；储蓄
(= put by)” ；B)break away from意为“从……脱离,摆脱于”；C)do away with意为“废除,
弄死 ”；D)pass away意为“去世；死 ”。根据句意，选项C为正确答案。
67.B
宇航员在被正式送到宇宙飞船之前，要经受各种各样的测试。 本题考查对词组意思的辨析能力。 A)inclined to意为“倾向于……的”；B)subjected
to意为“使接受, 使遭受 ”，常用被动态；C)prone to意为“倾于……”；D)bound to意为“被迫的，肯定的 ”。根据句意，选项B为正确答案。
68.C
单项运动由超过370个的主管机构来掌管，这些机构的功能通常包括制定规则、举办运动会、挑选参赛国家队、促进国际间的联系。 本题考查有关“draw”形成的词组的辨析能力。A)drawing
on意为“临近”，如：as evening draws on. 当夜晚来临， B)drawing in意为“（白昼）变短 ”；C)drawing
up意为“草拟；拟订”如： draw up a contract; draw up a list. 拟订合同；写出一张清单。 D)drawing
down意为“耗尽，消费或花费而事耗尽”， 如：draw down our food reserves.耗尽了我们的存粮。根据句意，选项C
为正确答案。
69.D
直到那个时候，他所有兴趣几乎都集中在如何全面掌握他的手艺的技能和技巧上。本题考查副词词义的辨析能力。A)restrictively意为“限制性地”；B)radically意为“根本上,
以激进的方式”；C)inclusively意为“包含地, 在内地”；D)exclusively意为“唯一地, 专有地”。根据句意，选项D为正确答案。
70.B
2000年奥运会上所有的仪式都有澳大利亚风情，代表着他们多元文化的社会。本题考查近义形容词词义的辨析能力。A)noticeable意为“
显而易见的, 值得注意的” ；e.g. Her long, feminine eyelashes were very noticeable.
B)indicative意为“表明的；表示的” （与of连用）e.g. His presence is indicative of
his interest in our plan.他的到来表示他对我们的计划感兴趣。C) conspicuous意为“显著的”，与for搭配
e.g. He was conspicuous for his bravery. 他因骁勇而出名。D)implicit意为“含蓄的,
固有的”。根据句意，选项B为正确答案。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
S1. AndBut S2. fillingfilled S3. therethey S4. ThisWhat S5.
wasare
S6. dissimilarsimilar S7. lieslies in S8. thatwhich S9. itthem
S10. latelater
Part Ⅴ Writing
Student Use of Computers
Students tend to use computers more nowadays. Reading this chart,
we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on
the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less
than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in
2000, the number soared to 20 hours.Obviously computers are becoming
more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First,
computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast
development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers,
we can easily contact with friends in remote places through the
Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and
lower, which enables more students to purchase them.However, there
still exist some problem, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs
and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and
studying is also a serious problem.Anyhow, we will benefit a lot
from computers as long as we use them properly.
2002年1月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W：Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane
crash?
M：Yes, they have been searching the area for hours, but they haven’t
found anybody else. They’ll keep searching until night falls.
Q：What do we learn from the conversation?
2. W：How many students passed the final physics exam in our class?
M：Forty, but still as many as 20% of the class failed. Quite disappointing,
isn’t it?
Q：What does the woman think of the exam?
3. W：Lots of people enjoy dancing. Do you?
M：Believe it or not, that’s the last thing I’d ever want to do.
Q：What does the man mean?
4. W：Jame, I’m having difficulty with all the theoretical staff
we are getting in our computer course.
M：Oh, that part I understand. What I can’t figure out is how to
make it work in my program.Q：What is the man’s problem?
5. W：Did you see Mary somewhere around?
M：Yes, she is in the campus bank, applying for a student’s loan.
Q：What was Mary doing?
6. W：The space shuttle is taking off tomorrow.
M：I know. This is another routine mission. Its first flight was
four years ago.
Q： What are they talking about?
7. W：When are we supposed to submit our project proposals, Jane?
M：They’ll do by the end of the week. We’ve only two days left. We’ll
just have to hurry.Q：What does the woman mean?
8. W：When I go on the diet, I eat only fruit and that takes off
weight quickly.
M：I prefer to eat whatever I want and then run regularly to lose
weight.
Q：How does the man control his weight?
9. W：John, can you tell me what in the book interests you most?
M：Well, nothing specific, but I like it over all.
Q：What did the man think of the book?
10. W：How do you like the car I’ve just bought?
M：Well, it seems to run well, but I think it needs a new paint job.
Q：What does the man think of the car?
Section B
Passage One
Nilrikman and others of the Harvard research group have done some
research into the differences between average and good negotiators.
They found negotiators with the good trait record and studied them
in action. They compared them with another group of average negotiators
and found there was no difference in the time the two groups spent
on planning their strategy. However, there were some significant
differences on other points. The average negotiators thought in
terms of the present, but the good negotiators took a long-term
view. They made lots of suggestions and considered twice the number
of alternatives. The average negotiators set their objectives as
a single points.“We hope to get 2 dollars”, for example. The good
negotiators set their objectives in terms of range, which they might
formulate as “We hope to get 2 dollars, but if we get one dollar
and fifty, it’ll be all right.” The average negotiators tried to
persuade by giving lots of reasons. They used a lot of different
arguments. The good negotiators didn’t give many reasons. They just
repeated the same ones. They also did more summarizing and reviewing,
checking they were understood correctly.
11. What do good negotiators and average negotiators have in common?
12. According to the speaker, what would the good negotiators do?
13. According to the speaker, what does the average negotiator usually
do?
Passage Two
To most of us, sharks are the most dangerous fish in the sea and
they attack humans. However, according to Dr Clark who has studied
the behaviour of sharks for 12 years, humans are not normally on
the sharks’ menu. What do sharks feed on? Mainly fish and other
small sea animals. Dr Clark also found that sharks don’t eat as
much food as people think. For instance, a nine feet shark only
need two pounds of food a day to keep healthy. But she says sometimes
sharks starve and at other times they fill themselves with what
they have killed. Around the world there are only about 100 shark
attacks on humans each year, ten of which prove fatal. But consider
this, in the U.S. alone about 3 million people are bitten by dogs
each year. Of this, thirteen people die. If a shark bites you, says
Dr Clark, the reason is usually because it mistakes you for its
natural food. For example, say you went underwater fishing and saw
a shark, you could be in trouble. The shark might go for the injured
fish you had attacked and take a big bite of you at the same time.
If you go into a shark’s territory and threaten it, it might try
to bite you. That’s because sharks are territorial and tend to guard
their territory. Like dogs, they protect the area that they think
as their own.
14. What does the passage say about the eating behaviour of sharks?
15. When might a shark attack humans?
16. What do we learn from the passage about sharks?
Passage Three
Science fiction writers have often imagined human beings going to
live on Mars. But these days scientists are taking the idea seriously.
It has a great deal to recommend it since it might solve the problem
of over-crowding on the earth. But obviously it will not be worth
making the effort and thus the people could live there naturally.
If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible.
But in fact it is mostly carbon dioxide. Apart from that, there
are other problems to be overcomed. For example, the temperature
would have to be raise
d from 60 degrees below 0 to 15 degrees above it. Scientists used
to study Mars have laid down the program that they can follow. To
begin with, they will have to find out whether life has ever existed
on the planet Mars in the past. Secondly, they will have to make
a reliable map of its surface, and finally they will have to make
a list of the guesses. Above all they will have to discover how
much nitrogen is pellasis, since nitrogen is four-fifths of the
air we breathe. They are surprisingly optimistic about raising the
temperature on Mars, and believe it could be done in 200 years.
It would take a bit long, though, to transform the atmosphere so
that human beings could live there. Scientists estimate that this
will take 100,000 years.17. Why are scientists interested in Mars?
18. What is one of the things that must be done before man can live
on Mars?
19. Why do scientists want to find out whether there is sufficient
nitrogen on Mars?
20. What is the prospect of people living on Mars?
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.C
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.D20.C
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了导航计算机在汽车上的应用，介绍了导航计算机发展的现状，工作原理及世界名牌汽车 Lexus,
BMW，和 Audi所使用的导航计算机的不同之处，并预测导航计算机会随其发展而走入普通百姓家中。
21. C
短文第一段明确指出Lexus，BMW 和Audi汽车中有导航计算机，而且导航计算机是一项新技术，其市场会逐步扩大，从而其价格最终会降下来，也就是说将会有更多的司机使用它，选项C）（导航计算机会被更多的司机接受）符合题意，为正确答案。
22. A
第五段指出大多数系统中，司机是通过触摸屏或光碟来输入目的地或公路交汇处的。可见是用手来输入目的地的，故A）为正确答案。
23. C
文中第五段，指出大多数系统基本上是一样的，其差别在硬上—— 即接收司机导航要求的方式不一样，显示驾驶指引的方式也不一样，C）项符合题意，为正确答案。
24. B
从文章第四段可知，卫星信号连同轮速感应器测得的速度和测量仪测得的方向来
测定汽车的位置，该信息与地图数据库的信息相结合。因此，导航计算机主要通过卫星信号
和地图数据库来发挥功效的，故B）项为正确答案。
25. D
文章最后三段告诉我们在Lexus汽车中，司机可点屏幕上的任何一点；BMW装有瞄准器的十字纹；A的屏幕则能调到电视接受器上。可见三种汽车给司机提供的指引方式是不同的，选项D）符合此意，故为正确答案。
Passage Two
【短文大意】这是一篇议论文。该篇议论文从一全新的视点论述人口与环境的关系。它一反人口增加危害环境治理的传统观念，指出种种因素如技术创新，政府举措，社会变革和价格等可以缓和环境压力，例如，高昂的价格会导致新能源的出现，新的能源反过来调节价格，而价格与市场的合理运作又有利于环境的保护，文章由此得出结论：充分发挥市场力量是解决问题之道。
26. A
短文第一段指出大多数学生不会同意“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy”这种观点，他们会举出一大堆事实来说明地球环境是多么槽糕的，A）项符合句意。
27. C
短文第二段第一句说，地球应该会受影响，接着的假设句表明，人们如果还是以以前的（1900，1950或1980）方式进行生活，消费和生产，那么现在的地球就会成为一个让人非常恶心的地方；而紧接着第三段指出，人们并没有这样，环境也没有被破坏掉。可见地球环境未受到严重影响，故C）项为正确答案。A）与D）项与原意相反；B）项原文未提及。
28. D
文章倒数第二段“People have looked for new resources of supply, …For this
prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms” 说明从长远来看，价格处于下降趋势的原因之一应该是总能找到新的能源即D）。
29. B
文章最后一段最后一句说明：如果没有人占有相关的能源，就没有人会去保护它或养育它，而鱼就是最好的证明。故选项B）为正确答案。
30. A
文章最后指出，价格和市场如果没有合理地运作，价格下降这种良性趋势就不会存在，从而环境就无从得到保护，由此不难推出：充分发挥市场力量是解决之道。故A）为正确答案。
Passage Three
【短文大意】这是一篇关于IQ测试的议论文。作者首先陈述了一些人反对智力测试的观点及其原因，接着举例反证并提出了自己的观点：赞成智力测试。因为任何肤色或种族的孩子若是学习成绩不佳，我们必须知道这是因为他的智力低下，还是其它原因，这一点是至关重要的。
31. B
文章第一和第二段明确指出：当学校等机构开始关注并确保所有学生受到平等对待时，智力测试就变得不受欢迎；有些人认为智力测试对少数学生是不公平的。可见B）符合题意，故为最佳答案。
32. C
第三段第一句说：这些黑人孩子的父母声称，该州政府对智力测试的禁令是对他们孩子的一种歧视，因为他们的孩子没有机会参加智力测试。由此可知，C）项为最佳答案。
33. D
本题为主旨归纳题，重要依据可丛第四段看出，在该段中作者点明自己的观点：我们总是站在允许，甚至促进这种测试的一边，因为任何肤色或种族的孩子若是学习成绩不佳，我们必须弄清楚他是智力低下还是其它原因，这一点非常重要。因此D）项为正确答案。
34. A
文章第六和第七段告诉读者有一段时间如果白人家庭不收养黑人孩子被看作是歧视行为，可后来社会机构又认为黑人孩子只应在黑人家庭中生活。对这两种不同的看法，作者表明的态度是：很难说哪种方式好些。由此不难推出作者对收养孩子的看法是无规则可循，故A）项是正确答案。
35. D
本题为判断题。
Passage Four
【短文大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者在科研人员多年研究的基础上，对比了城市居民和乡村居民的社会关系，指出城市居民与乡村居民在生活质量上没多大差异，且最新研究表明城市居民也没有感到孤离或压抑，他们在共同爱好的基础上能形成非常友好的关系，但是城市居民对陌生人不太信任，且城市居民的生活呈多样性，因而相比之下他们更具包容性。
36. A
短文第一段首先指出几十年前人们及社会学家的观点，接着又指出最近的研究表明原来人们普遍认同的观点是错的，可见第一段只是提出了两种不同的观点，故A）为正确答案。
37. B
本文第一段就指出几十年以前大众及社会学家普遍认为现代社会改变了人们之间的相互关系，降低了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任感，取而代之的是与过客之间的肤浅关系，故B）项为正确答案。A）项与原意不符，下文指出城市居民就是在共同兴趣的基础上建立友好关系的；C）与D）项文中没有提及。
38. C
在第三段作者指出：如果邻居是陌生人，人们则不愿扫他们家的走道，尽管他们是住在隔壁的老年夫妇；也不会留意年轻的惹事生非之人，故C）项符合题意，为最佳答案。其余选项均与文意不符。
39. C
文章最后一段指出：大城市居民比小的城镇居民有着更广阔的视野，能容纳非传统的宗教群体、不受欢迎的政治群体和人物。故C）项为正确答案。
40. A
本篇文章对比了大城市与小城镇中的人际关系，但没有强调在大城市中居住的优越，B）不对，文中提到了很多城市居住的负面影响。显然也不对，文章第二段中提到“Nor
are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological
symp
toms of stress or alienation.”说明D）不对，由此可以判断答案为A）。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure
41. B
这个奇特故事中的女士很明显患有一种严重的精神病，她与一位完全无辜的老人的那段情节清楚地显露了她精神错乱。本题考点为名词辨析。A)
impulse 推动，刺激，冲动。例如：Women tend to buy clothes on impulse. B) insanity
精神错乱，蠢行。 例如： She was judged not guilty for reasons of insanity.
C) inspiration 鼓舞；灵感。 D) disposition 布置，性情。
42. D
总理下飞机时，身后跟着五、六位随从。本题考点是近义词辨析。A) layman 外行，俗人。 B) servant 仆人。（多指在主人家帮佣从而获得一定工资或得到食宿之人）
C) director 董事，主任，主管，导演，指挥。 D) attendant侍者，随从(多指跟随主人左右并为主人提供各种服务之人)。
43. B
毫无疑问，很容易就能看出这些货物优于其他货物。本题考点为名词的辨析与搭配。A) prestige 声望，威信。该词不与介词 形成固定搭配。
B) superiority 优势，好于，强于。该词使用时要与介词to搭配(有时也可用over)代替。 C) priority
先前，优先于。该词一般也要与介词to搭配使用, 该词强调的是“先”，即指时间，顺序和重要性等方面。 D) publicity 公开性，宣传。
44. A
所有的客人都被邀参加了结婚典礼，他们玩得很痛快。本题考点为同义词辨析。A) feast节日盛宴，宴会，酒席(usually large
or elaborate meal)。该词的着重点在“吃与乐”上。例如：A cheerful look makes a dish
a feast脸上笑嘻嘻，便饭成宴席. B) congratulation 祝贺。 C) festival 节日，节。该词不强调“吃”而是强调时间。
D) recreation 娱乐，修养。
45. B
煤价根据运输路程的长短和运费的高低而变动。本题考点为易混词的辨析。A) payment支付，支付款(money given)。
B) charge费用，要价(price asked for goods or services)。 C) funds 基金，存款。
D) prices价格，代价。
46. A
经理向她保证一定调查她的投诉。本题考点为名词辨析题。A) assurance 保证，使……放心，断言。例如：She gave the
old lady her assurance that flying is very safe. B) assumption假定，设想。例如：His
assumption that the sun centered around the earth was proved wrong.
C) sanction 制裁，法令。 D) insurance保险，安全保障。
47. C
这个模型经不起细看，尽管外表看起来还不错。本题考点为词义辨认题。A) temperament性情，急躁，调和。 B) contamination污染，沾染物。C)
scrutiny细看，仔细检查(careful and thorough examination)。例如：There should
be a close scrutiny of all the documents relating to the trial.
D) symmetry对称性。
48. A
我们在经济、社会和文化领域改革的背景下做这项工作。本题考点为名词辨析。A) context上下文；场合，环境，背景。例如：Can’t
you guess the meaning of the word from the context? B) contest竞争，比赛。C)
pretext借口，托词。例如：He came to see me on the pretext of asking my advice
when he really wanted to borrow money. D) texture质地，质感。
49. B
尽管得过好几年才知道这种疾病的病因，但是马上就会取得治疗上的突破。 A) distinction区别。B) breakthrough突破。C)
identification识别，鉴定。D)interpretation解释，阐明。
50. C
医生时常感到为难，因为他们不得不决定是否应该告诉病人真实病情还是隐瞒病情。本题考点为近义词辨析。A) puzzle难题，迷惑，困惑(question
that is difficult to understand or answer; mystery)。 B) perplexity困惑，窘困。例如：She
looked at us in perplexity. C) dilemma 窘境，进退两难(situation in which
one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action)。该词强调的是左右为难的两难选择的境地。
D) bewilderment迷惑，混淆。
51. D
为了纪念历史上的重要日子，各国制定了特殊假日。本题考点为名词辨认题。A)commend称赞；把……交托给。B) memorize记住，熟记(learn
sth. well enough to remember it exactly; put sth. into one’s memory)。
C) propagate繁殖，宣传。 D) commemorate纪念(keep a great person, event,
etc in people’s memories)。
52. B
他与美国人的成功谈判使他在政府中的地位得到了巩固。本题考点为动词辨析。A) contrive策划；设法做到。B) consolidate
巩固，加强(cause sth. to become solid, secure or strong)。例如：The time
has come for the firm to consolidate after several years of rapid
expansion. C) heave 举起，胀起，起伏。 D)intensify 加强，加剧({of sensations}
become very great or severe; extreme)。53. C
请不要被他的冒犯性的言语所激怒，因为他只不过是想引起注意力。本题考点为动词辨析。A) distract使分心，分散（注意力）。
B) disregard不顾，无视。 C) irritate激怒，生气。例如：It irritates me to have to
shout to be heard. D) intervene干预，介入。
54. A
一旦知道了自己的错误就应该尽快改正。本题考点为动词辨析。A) rectify纠正，校正(put right, correct)。
B) reclaim开垦，改造，回收。C) refrain忍住，抑制。 D) reckon认为；估计。
55. C
他不会回答记者的提问，也不会摆姿势拍照。本题考点为动词辨析题。A) summon召集，传唤。 B) highlight着重，使……显著。
C) pose摆好姿势；提出(sit or stand in a particular position in order to
be painted, drawn or photographed; present sth.)。 D) marshal排列，安排。
56. A
俱乐部招收新成员的时间是九月份的第一个星期。本题考点为易混词的辨别。A) enroll登记，招收，使……入会(become or
make sb. a member of sth.)。该词常用句型为：enroll sb. in (as) sth. B) subscribe订阅，署名，捐助。例如：Which
journal do you subscribe to? C) absorb吸收 D) regis
ter注册，指示(formally record a name , an event a sale etc in a list.)。
57. D
如果你不管好这些孩子，他们会胡作非为的。本题考点为动词辨析题。A) mobilize动员。例如：The troops received
orders to mobilize. B)warrant保证。例如：This material is warranted to
be pure silk.
C) manipulate操纵。 D) supervise监督，管理(keep a check on sb doing sth
or sth being done to make sure it is done properly)。
58. B
班上已在推测新老师是谁。本题考点是近义词辨析题。A) foresee预见，预知(see or know that sth is
going to happen in the future; predict)。该词只作及物动词，不能与任何介词搭配。 B) speculate推测,
思索；沉思；投机(form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge
or evidence; guess)。该词为不及物动词，常与介词about, on, upon 搭配。 C) fabricate制作，捏造。例如：The
reason he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. D) contemplate沉思；期望；凝视。该词既可作及物又可作不及物动词，可与介词on,
upon搭配。
59. A
为了祖国的发展，我们应该献出我们的青春与活力。本题考点为易混词的辨析。这四个动词都可与介词搭配，但意思不同。A) dedicate奉献，献身。与介词to形成固定搭配。例如：She
dedicated her life to helping the poor. B) cater 为……供应酒食(与介词连用)；满足某种需求(与介词连用)。
C) ascribe归因于。(与介词to连用)。 D) cling (to) 坚持，固守。
60. D
就因为他是我老板，他就认为他可以随意使唤我，对我不表示一点尊敬。本题考点为形容词辨认题。A) redundant过多的，多余的。B)
trivial琐细的，平常的。 C) versatile多才多艺的，万用的。D) subordinate下级的，从属的。
61. A
许多科学家仍对这项研究项目的价值表示怀疑。本题考点为形容词辨认题。A) sceptical (skeptical of or about
sth.) 怀疑的(unwilling to believe sth. often doubting that claims,
statements, etc are true)。 B) stationary静止的，固定的。 C) spacious宽敞的。
D) specific特有的，具
体的。
62. D
忧郁通常是紧张和过度劳作的积累性后果。本题考点为形容词辨析题。A) total全部的，完全的。B) increased 增加了的(become
or make sth. greater in number , quantity, size, etc)。 C) terrific妙极了。
D) cumulative累积的，渐增的(gradually increasing in amount, force, etc
by one addition after another.)。
63. B
人的视力没有鹰的视力锐利。本题考点为易混形容词辨析题。A) eccentric古怪的；不同圆心的。B) acute敏锐的，尖锐的(of
feelings or the senses keen; sharp; penetrating)。 C) sensible明智的。
D) sensitive敏感的，过敏的。例如：A writer shouldn’t be too sensitive to criticism.
64. B
荒唐的是做同样的工作，女工却比男工的工资低。本题考点为形容词辨认题。A) abrupt出其不意的；陡峭的；粗鲁的。B) absurd荒唐的，不合理的(not
sensible, unreasonable)。 C) adverse相反的，不利的。D) addictive上瘾的。
65. C
这种鞋在湿地上易打滑。本题考点为形容词的搭配及用法。A) feasible可行的。例如：It’s not feasibl
e to follow your proposals. B) appropriate适当的，合适的。 C) apt易于……的，有……倾向的。常与不定式连用，构成习惯短语be
apt to do sth.(likely or having a tendency to do sth)。 D) fitting适合的，相称的。
66. B
我们会非常小心，将你告诉我们的话严格保密。本题考点为易混形容词辨析题。A) rigorous严峻的，严格的，严密的(severe,
strict; strictly accurate or detailed)。 C) private 私人的，个人的(personal)。
B) confidential 保密的 to be kept secret; not to be made known to others)。
D) mysterious 神秘的。
67. D
议会成员对政府没有征询他们的意见感到愤慨。本题考点为形容词的正确运用题。本题四个形容词都能在该句中使用，构成不同含义的句子。但根据常识，我们知道，议员的职责就是参政，议政，如果政府置他们于不顾，等于无形当中剥夺掉了他们的权利，故D）项为最佳答案。A)
impatient不耐烦的。 B) tolerant容忍的，包涵的。C) crude粗野的；未加工的。 D) indignant愤慨的，义愤的。
68. D
美国有些高校是州立的，有些是私人资助的，还有一些是由宗教组织资助的。本题考点为动词辨认题。A) ensure保证，使安全。例如：I
can not ensure that he will be here on time. B) attribute ( to)
归因于。 C) authorize授权，批准，认可。 D) endow资助，赞助(give money, property, etc
to provide a regular income for)。
69. C
狱警配有武器，如若被激怒，随时可开枪。本题考点为动词辨认题。A) intervene介入；干涉，调解。 B) incur招致，惹(cause
oneself to suffer; bring upon oneself)。 C) provoke激怒，挑衅(make {sb.}angry
or annoyed)。 D) poke 戳，捅。
70. A
许多纯金属几乎没什么用，因为纯金属太软，太容易生锈或有其他一些缺点。本题考点为名词辨析题。A) drawback缺陷，弊端(disadvantage;
problem)。例如：The great drawback to living on a main road is the constant
noise. B) handicap障碍，不利条件(thing that makes progress or success difficult;
physical or mental disability)。C) bruise青肿，伤痕。 D) blunder错误(stupid
or careless mistake)。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
S1. viewing→viewed
本题考点为非谓语动词。本行中的这个句子的逻辑主语是footballer，动词view在句中构成分词短语，做整个句子的状语。根据分词短语作状语时必须与主句的主语相一致的规则，句子主语footballer与动词view是被动关系才符合语法规则及句子逻辑关系，因为句子表达的意思是：从生物角度来看，现代足球员是乔装了的狩猎员。
S2. inaccurate→accurate
本题考点为理解题。我们知道，一个球员只有瞄得准，进球的机会才会多；连瞄都瞄不准，又和以进球呢？因此，从上下文来看，此句要表达的意思是：如果他瞄得准，并进了球，他就享受到了猎人逮住猎物般的成功感。所以应该将inaccurate改为accurate，才与上下文相一致。
S3. ∧enjoys→he
本题考点为语法题。本句中，“If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal” 是假设（条件）状语从句，enjoys是谓语，其后的名词短语为宾语，因此，主句缺主语。根据if状语中的代词his和he及enjoys的第三人称形式来判断，本句主语应该是he才对。
S4. up→back
本题考点为动词搭配题。look up at为向上看，与句意不符，故不对，因为本句所表达的意思是：要想了解这种变化是怎样发生的，我们必须回顾一下我们的祖先。因此，应将up改为back，因为look
back at的含义是“回顾”，它才符合句意。
S5. year→years
本题考点为名词单负数的运用。名词year是可树名词，而可数名词都有单复数之分，因此，一百万年应该是a million years。
S6. if→if〖KG-*8/9]＼
本题考点为词汇选择题。even if的意思是“即使”，作连词用，引导让步状语从句。例如：Even if I have to walk
all the way I’ll get there. I like her even though she can be annoying.
因此，even if与本句意思不符，应将if去掉，因为，even表示“甚至”，作副词用，用以加强出呼意料的语气，不能引导让步从句。
S7. co-operate→co-operated
本题考点为时态题。整个第二段回顾了我们祖先的进化过程，这一过程中的动作都发生在过去，都应该用过去时态。作者前面都用了过去时，独这一句没有用，因此前后时态不一致，根据上下文，应该将co-operate该为co-operated才对。
S8. when→in /through
本题考点为词汇题。副词或连词when的含义是“当……时，在……时”，常常引导一个句子，用在此处，意思不通，用法也不当，因为，它不能与period连用，因此应将when该为in或者through，意为“经过”。
S9. were→was
本题考点为主谓一致的问题。该句的主语intelligence是不可数名词，其谓语应该是单数形式，所以应将were改为was。
S10. ∧ survival→their
本题考点为理解题。名词survival的指示不明确，到底是谁的生存问题，这里交代不是很清楚。根据上文，所谈到的内容是关于我们祖先的事情的，所以在survival前添加一代词their较合适。
Part Ⅴ Writing
January 12,2001
Dear President，
As one of your university students, I am not very satisfied with
our canteen service.The first reason is that there are many students
coming from all kinds of places. They may be not accustomed to the
local food at the beginning of the term. So our canteen should provide
much more kinds of food for them to choose.Secondly, the price of
the food is higher than we can afford. I hope the price of some
food can be decreased a little. Then we can have a larger choice.In
addition to above suggestions, I want to reflect that many students
will have lunch after classes. At that time, the canteen will become
too crowded. So we hope that you can arrange some more seats for
students.These are my suggestions of our canteen service. I really
hope you can take some measures to make the canteen service better
and better. Thank you very much!Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
2001年6月
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W：I’m trying to find out how this dishwasher works, the manual
is in French, I can’t wait for Bill to translate it for me.
M： Don’t worry, Mary, I can do the dishes before the machine starts
to work.
Q： What does the man mean?
2. M： The doctor said if I kept smoking, I would increase my chances
of having a heart attack.W： Did he suggest reducing weight, too?
Q： What does the woman think the man should also do?
3. W： The people next door are making so much noise, I just can’t
concentrate on.
M： Why don’t you stay at the library? It’s much quiet there.
Q： What does Tom mean?
4. M： This is hopeless, these figures still don’t add up right,
let’s do the calculations over again.
W： Yes, but why not do them tomorrow? It’s very late now.
Q： What does the woman suggest they do?
5. M： To collect a data for my report, I need to talk to someone
who knows that small city very well. I was told that you lived there
for quite a long time.
W： Oh, I wish I could help, but I was only a child then.
Q： What does the woman imply?
6. M： Are you moving into a new house? Need a hand with those boxes?
W： That’s okay, I can manage. They look big, but aren’t very heavy
actually.
Q： What does the woman mean?
7. M： It’s good you brought the books back.
W： I thought you might need novels at the weekend. Thanks for letting
me use them.
Q： What do we know about the woman from the conversation?
8. M： Do you want to turn on the air conditioner or open the window?
W： I love fresh air if you don’t mind.
Q： What can be inferred from the woman’s answer?
9. W： Hi, Michael, I can hardly recognize you, why are you dressed
up today? Are you going to the theatre?
M： No, actually, I just had an interview at the photo studio this
morning.
Q： What do we learn about Michael from this conversation?
10. W： Good morning, what can I do for you?
M： I’d like to have my emergency brake fixed. The car rolls when
I park it on the hill.Q： Where does the conversation most probably
take place?
Section B
Passage One
Last August, Susan and 42 other students got wet and dirty while
removing six tons of garbage from the river running across their
city. They cleaned up the river as part of a week-long environmental
camp. Like one in three American rivers,this river is so polluted
that it’s unsafe for swimming and fishing, still, Susan, who has
just completed her third summer on the river clean—up, scene has
changed in this river.“Since we started three years ago, the river
is getting a lot cleaner”,she says. Environmental scientists praised
the teenagers for removing garbage that can harm wild life. Waterbirds,
for example, can choke on plastic bottle rings and get cut by scrap
metal. Three years ago, when the clean—up started, garbage was everywhere,
but this year, the teenagers had to hunt for garbage. They turn
the clean—up started, garbage was everywhere, but this year, could
find the most garbage and unload their boats fastest. By the end
of the six hour shift, they have removed enough garbage to fill
more than two large trucks.“Seeing all their garbage in the river
makes people begin to care about environ
mental issues,”Susan says. She hopes that when others read that
she and her peers care enough to clean it up, maybe they will think
twice before they throw garbage in the river.
11. What does the passage tell us about American rivers?
12. What did the students find when they came to the river this
year?
13. What is the expected reaction of the local people to the students’
efforts?
Passage Two
Why do we cry? Can you imagine life without tears? Not only do tears
keep your eyes lubricated, they also contain a substance that kills
certain bacteria so they can’t infect your eyes. Give up your tears,
and you get something physical or chemical in your eyes. Tears are
very good at washing this irritating stuff out. Another thing you
couldn’t do without your tears is cry from joy, anger or sadness.
Humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to emotions,
and most people say a good cry makes them feel better. Many scientists,
therefore, believe that crying somehow helps us cope with emotional
situations. Tear researcher, Winifred, is trying to figure out how
it happens. One possibility he says is that tears discharge certain
chemicals from your body, chemicals that build up during stress.
When people talk about crying it out,“I think that might actually
be what they are doing”, he says. If Fred is right, what do you
think will happen to people who restrain their tears? Boys, for
example, cry only about a quarter as often as girls once they reach
teenage years, and we all cry a lot less now
than we did as babies. Could it possibly be that we face less stress?
Maybe we found another ways to deal with it, or maybe we just feel
embarrassed.
14. What’s the topic discussed in this passage?
15. What is Winifred trying to find out?
16. What does the passage say about teenage boys and girls?
17. What’s the difference between human beings and other animals
when shedding tears?
Passage Three
Imaging this: you wake up each morning to find your sister lying
beside you, to get dressed and tie your shoes, you use one hand
and she uses another. You do everything out together, too, even
sitting on the same chair at lunch and riding on the same bicycle.
That’s what life is like for six-year-old Betty and Abby. Like most
twins, the two girls look very much alike, but unlike most twins,
Betty and Abby share parts of the same body. Twins like Betty and
Abby are rare. Only about 40 sets are born in the United States
each year. Few survive as long as Betty and Abby. That’s because
twins often share vital organs, like a heart or brain. The shared
organs are often badly shaped and may not be strong enough to support
both twins. But Betty and Abby each has her own head, heart and
stomach which function normally. Because she has three or four lungs
which provide plenty of oxygen for both twins. Most of their completely
shared organs lie below the waist. Betty And Abby live relatively
normal lives. They attend a regular school, and each does her own
school work. They prefer to do some projects together, though, for
example, to cut out paper dolls, one twin holds the paper, while
the other uses the scissors. But sometimes, the girls don’t want
to do the same thing, for example, sometimes they want to play with
different toys. What do they do then?“We toss a coin”, says Abby.18.
In what aspect, do Betty and Abby differ from most twins?
19. What does the passage tell us about twins who share parts of
the same body?
20. What does the passage say about the education of the twin girls?
1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.D11.B
12.D13.C14.B15.D16.C17.A18.B19.A20.A
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】这是一篇有关美国人以自我文化为中心在国内外一些作为的批评文章。在国际上因对别国文化风情缺乏应有的了解，美国人正在失去朋友、别人的尊重和商业往来。在国内，因同样原因忽视国外来访者的需求，没有提供相应的应有的服务。因此美国在世界上影响在减弱。但美国人民还是希望在二十一世纪在国际事务中扮演一定的角色。
21. D
根据第二段第二、三两句回答问题、美国人与人相聚时喜欢双方保持至少3英尺左右的距离，而拉丁民族和中东地区的人都喜欢站着更近一点，相互有接触，这些会使美国人感到不快。言外之意，在这种情况下，他们会不由自主地后退。
22. A
文中举了一些例子批评了美国人言行上的盲点和漫不经心的思想行为。这些都反映出美国人有对外国人冷漠，外国文化轻视，举止散漫等问题，但其根本原因还是“自我文化中心论”在作祟。
23. B
从第五段中我们可看到，美国人和外界商业文化外交活动因语言障碍都得通过翻译来进行，美国人到国外，喜欢聚集在运用英语语言的旅馆和饭店。这些都使得他们在对外交流获取信息方面大打折扣。
24. C
细读文章我们知道A)、B)、D)所提三点在文中都涉及到，选其中任何一项都将是片面，C)倒是道出了这三点影响的结果，因此应选C)。
25. D
本文是围绕批评美国人自我文化为中心思想写的，因忽视、缺乏对他国文化的了解，美国面临着其在国际事务中地位受到影响的问题，所以应是“time
to get acquainted with other cultures”。
Passage Two
【短文大意】这是一篇议论高跟鞋对女性身体有所影响的文章。女性喜欢追逐潮流，被时髦牵着鼻子走。为了使自己显得漂亮，有成熟的魅力，热衷于穿高跟鞋，不惜忍受其对自身健康的影响及失足摔伤的危险。
26. D
从文中第一段，我们可读到：fashion myths have led women to believe that they are
more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels ..., 因妇女是这样看待高跟鞋的作用，他们当然希望以此来为其外表增色。其余选项皆与文章内容不符。
27. B
文中第二段似乎是在谈论高跟鞋的优点，而且是打着为了公平起见的幌子。什么样的优点呢？一是高跟鞋踩在草坪上有助于草坪通气，二是有助于保护尖利的，致人死地的一些时髦小玩意儿。显然是在嘲弄妇女对高跟鞋的喜爱之情。这番议论不是以反语讽刺的口吻道来，所以A)不对，C)和D)不是作者真正的意图。
28. D
高跟鞋鞋跟落地留下的孔可使草坪通气，又没有废土堆放在孔周围。这样的跟不小巧吗？所以 D)为正确答案，和妇女喜欢高跟鞋的感情无关，也没有描写高跟鞋具有女性纤细之特点，更没有隐射高跟鞋脆弱易断之意。
29. B
文中第一段最后一句及第三段都谈到高跟鞋对妇女健康的影响，所以B)正确。其余各选项都有些歪曲文章某些内容之嫌。
30. D
作者通篇讲述妇女穿高跟鞋是为了追求时髦，追求美丽，这些是以牺牲身体健康为代价的，故D)是作者写这篇文章的真实意图。
Passage Three
【短文大意】这是一篇有关美国人读书方面问题的文章。作者着重指出了中产阶级阅读能力的下降，不愿意静下来集中注意力读书，十几岁的孩子往往要是在音乐人的陪伴下阅读这些不良现象和作法，作者为书的前途感到担心。
31. A
在文中第一段作者指出根据教育部的统计2.7亿的美国人根本不会阅读，3.5亿人识文断字能力不能使其在现代文化社会中生存，由此我们可推出A)为正确答案，C)虽然有些道理，但意见不明确具体。B)、D)两项与文中意义相悖。
32. D
从文中第二段我们可找到选择的依据：“But my own worry today is less that of the slightly
more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle
-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence,
those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround
the image of the classic act of reading…”。
33. C
从第二段我们知道青春期的孩子读书时大多数离不开听音乐及远离电视的干扰，失去了专注看书认真思考的习惯。A)读书时听音乐看电视并不因为他们喜欢这些，即使喜欢音乐、电视也不应是错。D)是一种结果而不是现象，B)文中未提到。
34. A
从文中第二段最后两句可找到答案：“...let alone that most important tribute any human
being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves,
which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression
is vital”. 请注意词组Learn it by heart 与by heart在意义上的差别。
35. B
文中最后一句说：“No one in the book industry can say with any confidence
what will happen to the book as we’ve known it.” 对于图书业的未来谁也把握不了，阅读艺术的未来就可想而知了。Passage
Four
【短文大意】这是一篇有关人类探险方面的文章。作者在本文中回顾了人类探险的历史，分析了探险的意义，以火星探索为例作者着重讨论了科学在探索中的重要作用。
36. D
本文第一句话很清楚地为选择D)提供了依据。历史上人们会在不同程度上为了经济和民族的利益探险，在随后的文中作者先后提及 Columbus,
Lewis, Clark等为证。
37. A
从文中第二段我们可读到：因对短期的经济回报持怀疑态度，随着人们对冷战记忆的迅速淡漠，越来越强调空间探险国际合作，对火星的探险与其说是出于经济或民族原因还不如说成是一种需要。由此我们可推断A)为正确选项。C)，D)在文中明确得到否认，B)
离题较远。
38. C
文中第三，四段讨论的就是月球探险的目的。从第四段第二句我们可知火星上曾有生命存在这点是早已清楚的，A)排除。B), D)文中未提及。
39. B
stake的复数形式意为“奖金”，那么我们可判断B)为正确选择。
40. C
作者在文中第四段后半部指出：火星上存在生命可给科学家研究生命起源的条件提供非常有价值资料。如可确立火星，地球上生命起源相互独立的观点，就可获得有关研究生命起源的第一手具体线索。由此我们可判断C)为正确答案。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41. D
如果你需要这种止痛片，你得让医生开个处方。本题测试点为名词辨义。D) prescription 为可数名词“处方，药方”之意。例如：The
doctor gave me a prescription for painkiller. 医生给我开了个止痛药方。常和prescription
搭配的动词有：make up a prescription 配药方，write out a prescription 开药方。
42. B
对每一个人来说，从孩提时代向成年人的过渡的时期总是相当关键的。本题测试点为同义辨析。conversion, transition,
transformation 三词都有“改变，变化”之意，但transition 指在一段时间内从一种形式，状态，主题，地点向另一形式，状态，主题，地点的转变。A）conversion
指在形式，内容，状态，用途上的变换，转化，更改，改造。例如：Conversion of your heating system
from coal to gas will be costly. 你把取暖设备从烧煤改为烧煤气费用会很高。Transformation
指在形式，外表或性质方面的完全变化。
43. B
很难说我们即将面临的是经济繁荣还是萧条。本题测试点为名词辨义。B）recession 意为“(经济)衰退，(商业活动)暂时不景气。recession
亦作 depression. 例如：Many people still remember the great depression
of the 1930s. 许多人对20世纪30年代的经济大萧条仍记忆犹新。concession 意为“妥协，让步”尤指经协商或辩论后所做出的让步。C）submission意为“归顺，降伏，投降，服从，顺从”等submission
to sb’s will 屈从于某人的意志。D）transmission 意为“传递，传播，传达，传染”。44. B
他使用色彩，光和造型的技巧很快脱离了传统模式，就像他的一些前辈一样，他有所创新。本题考点为名词辨析。B)predecessor和
D)ancestor 都有前辈之义，但ancestor 指有血缘关系的祖先，先辈，而predecessor 指某职务，职位的前任者。同样，A)descendant和
C)successor 前者为有血缘关系的后代，而后者为接替的人或事物，不一定有血缘关系。
45. A
一门必修课不及格会导致拒发文凭。本题考点为名词辨义。A)refusal和C)denial都有“拒绝”之意但refusal 是指不愿意给予，接受或不愿意做某事，而denial意为拒不给予某人所求或所需之物，阻止某人获得所求或所需之物，是贬义词。因此，本题应选A)。
46. B
为帮助学生理解眼睛是怎样看东西，老师经常将人的眼睛和照相机进行类比。本题考点为名词辩义。B)analogy意为“类的、相似”相比较两事物的“相似、类似”之处，常和介词between连用，例如：The
teacher drew an analog between the human heart and a pump. 教师打一个比喻，把人的心脏比作唧筒。
47. D
1994年世界银行 一份报告指出，让女孩子上学或许是用于发展中国家之中反贫困的唯一最有效的方法。
本题考点为动名词辨析，四选项中B)admit和D)enroll都有“接受某人入学”之意，但admit句型为admit sb. to
... 而C)enroll为enroll sb. in/as ,所以本题选D)合适。A)assign意为“分配(房屋、土地、工作,任务等)，指定、指派”，而C)involve意为“卷入、陷入、拖累”。
48. A
报告撰写者对该医院的问题十分了解，因为他在那里工作了好几年。本题考点为词汇搭配。粗看来似乎四个选项在意义上都可，但我们必须注意它们在结构上的差
别。B)inform意为“通知或报告某人/某事，通知某人”时，其句型为inform sb. of/about sth.。 C）
accustomed用于be accustomed to sth.的句型，意：习惯于某事。D)be known to sb.意为“为某人所熟知”介词必须是to而不是by或者with。只有A)acquaint可用于be
acquainted with sth./sb., 意为“对某事物熟悉，或了解某人，某事。”49. B
当那些农民第一次进城时，会对城市复杂的交通管制感到迷惑。本题考点为词义辨认。B)bewilder意为“迷惑、混乱”。例如：Some
problems in arithmetic bewilder me。一些代数难题把我弄糊涂了。A)prelude是动词，意为“妨碍、阻止(某人做某事)常用句型为preclude
sb. from doing sth.和prevent可通用，但该词较正式文气。C)divert意为“转移某人的注意力；使某事物转向”。常用句型为divert
sth./sb. (from sth.) (to sth.).D)expire为动词，意为“(延续一段时间的某事物)结束，不再使用，期满”。50.
B
如果日本和那个国家终止关系，就不得不重新寻找另一个原材料供应国。本题考点为动词辨析。B)terminate与D)expire都有结束之意，但expire通常指经过一段时间某事物期满，终止使用，使用无效。而terminate意为使某事终止，结束，尤指正式地，明确地，突然地终止，结束。C)partition当动词用时意为“将某事物分成部分、分割”。
51. C
他们太埋头从事科学研究，连发生在他们试验室门口外的事都不知晓。本题考点为同名义词辨析，C)immerse意为“浸，泡”，于是有比喻性词组“be
immersed in ”聚精会神从事某工作。陷入……之中。B)drown也可用于比喻意义，表示沉醉于某事。如：He drowned
himself in work. 他沉醉于工作。但一般不用于be+过去分词+in 的句型。A)submerge意为进入液面，海面等下面，其比喻用法也可用于表示埋头工作之意，但其句型为be
submerged by。 D)dip也有“浸泡”之意，其句型为dip sth. into sth.; dip sth. in。
但没有其他三词所有的比喻意义用法。
52. D
你应订阅一两份像《时代》、《新闻周报》那样的周刊。本题考点为动词辨义。D)subscribe意为“订阅，订购报刊”等。其句型为subscribe
to/for sth.。如：I have been subscribing to the magazine for four years.
我已订阅此杂志四年。A）ascribe意为“把……归功于”常用句型有ascribe sth. to sb./sth.。B)order一词也有“预定，定购”之意，但一般指购物而不是报纸之类的物品。C）reclaim意为“收回”。
53. C
超市里的自动门提供有购物车使得顾客进出省事了。本题考点为动词辨义。C)facilitate意为“使(某事)容易，或减少困难，有助于”。A)furnish常用句型为：furnish
sth. with sth.为……提供家具；furnish sb./sth.with sth.; furnish sth.to
sb./sth., 为某人/某物提供什么，B)induce意为劝诱或促使某人做某事，常用句型为induce sb. to do
sth.；D)allocate意为(为某目的)配给，分配某事物(给某人/ 某事物)，常用的句型有allocate sth to
sb./sth.。
54. A
每天上班时，工人们都按照同样的计划表生产，很少偏离常规。本题考点为动词辨义。A)deviate 意为“偏离(路或标准)，背离，不按
…… 办”不及物动词。常用的句型为deviate from sth.disconnect 意为“使等物(与某物)分离、割断、切断(联系)”，常用的句型有：disconnect
A from B. detach 和disconnect同义,有“将某物拆下、拆开某物，分开某物”之意，常用句型也是detach
A from B, 这两组动词均为及物动词，且意义与本题 要求的差别太大，因此不可选。另外，D)distort 意为“变，扭曲，弄歪(某物)”。
55. A
因对宠物狗有真挚深厚的感情，小女孩为其死悲痛异常。本题考点为动词辨义。A)，B)，C)三词都可用于表示感情方面，但在句型和意义上稍有些差别。A)grieve
意为“使(等人)极为悲伤”。其常用句型为:grieve for sth., grieve over/about sb. 如：She
is still grieving for her dead huscand.她至今对丈夫之死深感悲痛。B）suppress 表示感情时，尤指压制、压抑感情。如suppress
one’s anger, amusement or laugh 压抑愤怒，欢娱，欢笑。C）oppress 意为“使(某人)担心烦恼或不幸”，如：I
feel depressed by worry. 我因焦虑而压抑。三词进行比较我们可看到grieve 主要用于表示悲痛之情，而suppress,
oppress 主要指因什么心情压抑，烦恼，不幸，所以A)为最佳选择。D）sustain意为“支承，支撑”。
56. C
现在博物馆参观的人都会注意到其管理方面举措引人注目的巨大变化。本题考点为形容词辨义。C)conspicuous意为“显而易见的，明显的，引人注目的”。A)cognitive
意为“认知的，有关知识的”，a child’s cognitive development儿童认识能力的发展。B)rigorous意为“严格的，严厉的，精确的、严密的”rigorous
attention to detail, 一丝不苟。D)exclusive意为“独有的，独占的，唯一的”。
57. C
很多人都会认为自己工作效率高，其他人无法替代。本题考点为形容词辨义。初看起来很难挑选，四个似乎都有入选之意。A)inaccessible意为“难达到的，不可及的，难以接触的”，B)irreversible,“不能撤消的，不能更改的”;C)immovable“不可移动的、固定的”;D)irreplaceable“不能替代的”。四词都具有被动意义，都可用于人和物。但仔细推敲四词，D)
irreplaceable填入句中，意思最为恰当。是工作效率高得不可被人撤换下来，而不是工作效率高使他们不可攀，工作效率高使得他们不可逆转，使他们不可移动。
58. C
不耐心细致缺点和当好一名优秀老师背道而驰。本题考点为形容词辨义。incompatible意为“与不一致，不相符、不相配”，其句型为：be
incompatible with...。A)intrinsic和D)inherent都有内在的，固有的之意。Inherent常用句型为：inherent
in sb./sth.。intrinsic更多地指固有的价值或性质intrinsic value of a coin,一硬币的本身价值。B)ingenious
常用于指人善于用新的简单方法解决复杂问题、心灵手巧，常用句型为ingenious at (doing) sth.。
59. D
为了某种特别原因，他要求为其信息保密。本题考点为形容词辨义D)confidential意为“秘密的， 参入机密的”。其他词在意义上差别也较大。A)assured意为“自信的，有把握的。B)reserved用于指人性情矜持的，寡言的，内向的。C)intimate作为形容词时意为亲密的、密切的。常用句型为be
intimate with sb.。
60. B
算命人很善于说些模棱两可的话，如你的悲伤将会改变。本题考点为形容词辨义。B)ambiguous意为“有不止一种意见的，有歧义的，含糊的、暧昧的”。如：He
answered my question with an ambiguous smile.他笑容暧昧地回答了我的问题。A)philosophical意为“哲学的，根据哲学的。C)literal“照字面本义的，刻板的，无想象力的。D)invalid“无效的，无道理的”。
61. C
租房者必须以与合同条款要求一致的方法装修房子。本题考点为词组辨义C)in accordance with意为按照或依据某事物。A)in
the vicinity of意为“约摸，靠近，在……一带。B)in quest of 意为“试图找到某事物，寻求某事物”,如She
had come in quest of advice.她常来征求意见。D)in collaboration with 意为“合作、协作”。
62. C
足球锦标赛的优胜者兴高采烈地举着银制奖杯跑出运动场。本题考点为副词辨义。C）triumphantly意为“欢心鼓舞地，成功地，胜利地”。如：She
came in triumphantly with the sheet. 拿着报纸她兴冲冲地进来了。A）turbulently意为“骚动地,骚乱地,难以抑制地”。B）tremendiously为“巨大地、极大地”；D)tentatively
“尝试地、试探性地、试用地”。
63. B
他说因缺少资助他们非常遗憾地被迫放弃该计划。本题考点为副词辨义，B)regrettably意为“惋惜地，遗憾地、可悲地”。如：Regrettably
we had forgotten all about Randolf. 令人遗憾的是我们完全遗忘了罗德尔夫。A）gravely意为“严肃地”，C）forcibly
强行地，D）graciously意为大方地,和善地，有礼貌地。
64. D
有关酒后开车的问题在法律上得到明确地陈述。
本题考点为副词辨义。D）explicitly意为“(指人)说得明确地，直接地，开诚布公地”。如：She gave directions
very explicitly about the way the rug should be cleaned。她十分清楚地讲明了地毯清洗干净的方法。A)extravagantly意为“衣着奢侈地”,
B)empirically用于指知识以客观或实验为根据，非理论地，而C)exceptionally意为“罕见地、特殊地、杰出地、突出地”。
65. A
对损失帐目没有提出令人信服的证明。本题考点为动词辨义。A)refute意为“反驳、驳斥。”B)overwhelm其过去分词常作表语或定语，表示“……之极”，“非常激动”等。例如：She
was overwhelmed with grief. 她悲痛之极。C)repress意为“约束、压抑”。如：repress an
urge to scream强忍着不喊出来。D)intimidate意为“恐吓、威胁(某人做某事)”，常用句型为intimidate
sb.into sth./doing sth.。
66. D
不要过多地回味那些痛苦的记忆，一切都会好的。本题考点为动词辨义。D)dwell on/upon sth。意为“细查某事，详述某事”，是固定搭配。A)hesitate
“犹豫，踌躇不前” hesitate between fighting and submitting，或战或降踌躇不决。B)linger意为“逗留徘徊”linger
about/around/on在附近/周围/不断徘徊。C)retain“保持、保留、保存”,是及物动词。
67. A
野外技术员和生物学家的工作在他看来似乎是同一回事，然而有一天他终于发现了他们的不同之处。
本题考点为形容词辨义，A)identical意为“意见相同的、一模一样的”常用的固定搭配为：identical to/with
sb./sth.。B)vertical意为：“竖直、垂直的”a vertical line垂直线。C)parallel意为“平行的、并联的、同样的、类似的”共固定搭配为be/run
parallel to/with“和……平行”。D)specific“特殊的、具体的、明确的”。
68. D
玛丽越来越思念故乡，而且对美国也越来越不满，因此她逃离在西布隆漠菲尔的家，回到奥地利故乡。
本题考点为副词辨义。这四个副词都是表程度的词，但只有D)increasingly “愈加、日益”适合本句所表达的意思。例如：He’s
increasingly rude to me。他对我越来越粗暴。
69. D
尽管几乎所有人都知道妇女接受教育是极其重要的，但妇女接受教育在世界上很多国家里还是个梦。
本题考点的名词辨义。D)acknowledgement意为“承认,肯定,感谢”，A)identification意为“证认，辨认，鉴定，证明”。如：He
carries identification with him at all times. 他总是带着证明身份的东西。C)confession,“供认,忏悔”，而B)compliment意为恭维话，赞美，称赞。
70. C
今日医学对定义精神疾病标准没有多大争论。本题考点为名词辨义。C)criteria是复数形式，其单数形式为criterion其意义为：准则、尺度，标准。另外，A)legislation意为“立法，法律的规定”。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
71. in→for
in quite a while 一般与将来时态连用的，表示在一整段时间之后之意。例如：I will return in a few
minutes. 我将几分钟之后回来。所以应将in改为for，表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间。
72. seventh→seven
every 和数词一起修饰名词时，数词不能用序数词。
73. were→was
one in every seven deaths 是主语部分，one应是主语，其谓语单词的数应是单数形式。
74. now→then
from now on 意为“从现在开始”，from then on“从那时起”，本题所涉及到的时间是工业革命的初期，是在一个过去的时间里，因此应用from
then on。
75. the→both
Europe 前一般是不会用定冠词的，去掉后本句也是对的。但用both...and比只用and要好，起强调作用。
76. imported→exported
词汇错误。import 意为“进口”，im-是前缀in 的变体，具有“在内， 向内”之意，其构成的常用词有：implant植入，immigrant移入，inspire吸入，inherent内在的;
export意为“出口”，ex-为前缀，具有“向外”之意，其构成的常用词有：exhale呼出，exotic外国产的, exclude排除。
77. are→were
这儿的错误是指科学家宣告治疗结核病的胜利并不再努力，科学家这动作是在过去发生的，对此的评价也应用过去时。
78. vanished→had vanished
曾经已消灭了肺病的地方，又死灰复燃。“消灭”动作在“死灰复燃”之前发生的，要用过去完成时。79. better→worse
本句中的it指的是肺病，肺病没有根治的地方情况是越来越严重。
80. constantly→constant
keep sb/sth 加补语的句型，其补语形式可是分词，形容词等，但一般不会是副词，所以应将constantly变为constant。
Part Ⅴ Writing
A letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
I’m very glad that you will come to my home. For the moment, everything
is well prepared here and my parents and I are looking farward to
the day you come. Do phone me before you make your trip and tell
me which train you are to take. I’ll meet you at the station.As
you know, Shanghai is a large city and there are lots of places
worth visiting. But I think one week’s time is enough. So in the
first three days I’d like to show you around the city. We’ll go
to some bussiness zones such as Nanjing Road and Xujiahui. I’ll
take you to some famous parks as well. During the rest time, I plan
to visit some beautiful small villages around shanghai. You needn’t
bother to look for a hotel. Just stay at my home.The last thing
I want to mention is that the train ticket for return should be
booked in advance. So in your phonecall before you come, tell me
the date you are going back. I’ll book the ticket for you.Wish you
a happy trip in Shanghai.
Truly Yours,
Zhang Ying
2001年1月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.W:Have you heard about the plane crash yesterday?It caused 120
death.I’m never at ease when taking a flight.
M:Though we often hear about air crashes and the serious casualties,flying
is still one of the safest ways to travel.
Q:What do we learn from this conversation?
2.W:I have a complaint to make, Sir.I waited 10 minutes at the table
before the waiter showed up,and when I finally got served,I found
it was not what I ordered.
M:I’m terribly sorry, Madam.It has been unusually busy tonight.As
a compensation,your meal will be free.
Q:Where does the conversation most probably take place?
3.M:I can’t find my pen.I need to write a letter.
W:I will look for it later.Right now,I need your help fixing the
shelf before I paint it.Q:What will they do first?
4.M:Mrs Winter,I need your advice.I want to buy a dress for my wife.Can
you tell me where I can get one at a reasonable price?
W:Sure,go to the Richard’s.It has the latest styles and gives a
30 percent discount to husbands who shop alone.
Q:What do we know about the Richard’s store?
5.M:My headaches are terrible.Maybe I need more sleep.
W:Actually you need less sun and some aspirins.It would help if
you wore a hat.
Q:What does the woman think is the cause of the man’s headache?
6.M:Did you notice after almost ten years in the United States,Mr.Lee
still speaks English with such a strong accent?
W:Yes,but he is proud of it.He says it is part of his identity.
Q:What does the conversation tell us about Mr.Lee?
7.W:This is Mrs.Stacher.My heater is not getting any power,and the
weatherman says the temperature is going to fall below zero tonight.Could
you get someone to come over and fix it?
M:This is the busiest time of the year,but I will speak to one of
our men about going over sometime today.
Q:Whom did Mrs.Stacher want to come over?
8.M:Though we didn’t win the game,we were satisfied with our performance.
W:You did a great job.You almost beat the World Champion.It was
a real surprise to many people.Q:What do we learn from this conversation?
9.W:Sorry I didn’t come yesterday,because I had a temperature.Could
you tell me your requirments for my term paper?
M:The theme of your paper can be about business management or touring
resources in China,and the length of your paper should be no less
than 15 pages.
Q:What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
10.W:I don’t think we should have told Tom about the surprised
party for Lucy.
M:It is all right.He promised not to tell,and he doesn’t make promises
likely.
Q:What does the man mean?
Section B
The human body is a remarkable food processor.As an adult,you may
consume (S1)[ZZ(Z]over〖ZZ)〗 a ton of food per year and still not
gain or lose a pound of body weight.You are (S2)〖ZZ(Z〗constantly〖ZZ)〗
harnessing and consuming energy through the intricate (S3)〖ZZ(Z〗mechanism〖ZZ)〗
of your body in order to remain in energy balance.To (S4)〖ZZ(Z〗maintain〖ZZ)〗
a given body weight,your energy input must balance your energy output.However
sometimes the (S5)〖ZZ(Z〗overall〖ZZ)〗 energy balance is upset, and
your (S6)〖ZZ(Z〗normal〖ZZ)〗 bod
y weight will either fall or (S7)〖ZZ(Z〗increase〖ZZ)〗.The term body
image refers to the mental image we have of our own physical appearance,
and (S8)[ZZ(Z]it can be influenced by a variety of factors, including
how much we weigh, or how that weight is distributed.[ZZ)]Research
has revealed that about 40 percent of adult men and 55 percent of
adult women are dissatisfied with their current body weight.(S9)
〖ZZ(Z〗Similar findings have also been reported at the school level,
mainly with female students.〖ZZ〗)At the college level
,a study found that 85 percent of both male and female first year
students desired to change their body weight.(S10)〖ZZ(Z〗The primary
cause of this concern is the value that American society in general
assigns to physical appearance.〖ZZ)〗Thinness is currently an attribute
that females desire highly.Males generally desire mascularity.The
vast majority of individuals who want to change their body weight
do it for the sake of appearance;most want to lose excess body fat,while
a smaller percentage of individuals actually want to gain weight.
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.B
S1:over\ S2:constantly\ S3:mechanism \ S4:maintain \ S5:overall
\ S6:normal \ S7:increaseS8:it can be influenced by a variety of
factors, including how much we weigh, or how that weight is distributed.
S9:Similar findings have also been reported at the school level,
mainly with female students.S10:The primary cause of this concern
is the value that American society in general assigns to physical
appearance.
Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPassage one
【短文大意】这是一篇有关科普知识的说明文。一项新的有关鸭子睡眠研究表示鸟类对半睡眠状态能有意识地加以控制。以往的研究已证明在许多鸟类存在“半睡眠”机制，即鸟的大脑半球轮流进入睡眠状态，这一新的研究为鸟类的“半睡眠状态是因为动物为了防范敌人而演变、进化而成的”这一假设提供了有利的依据，并为科学家更深入地研究其它物种提供了有益的参照。
11.C 本题为判断题。文章第一句话说：根据对鸭子的一项新的研究，科学发现处在半睡眠状态的鸟控制着保持清醒的脑半球。由此可知，选项C)“鸟能够有意识地控制半睡眠状态”是正确答案。A)“鸟类中普遍存在半睡眠状态”是早期而不是最新的结论；B)“半睡眠状态的特征是脑电波放慢”是说明鸟类处在半睡眠状态下的时候通过脑电波所观察到的特征；D)“鸟类很少整个大脑都在休息”与原文不符，文章第二段最后一句说：Birds
also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.
12.A 本题为信息明示题。第六段第一句说：The results provide the best evidence for
a longstanding supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved
as creatures scanned for enemies.(这些结论为证实一项长期以来人们的设想——半睡眠状态是生物为了防范敌人演化而成的——提供了有利的证据)。
13.C 细节题，但需综合归纳。第六段后三句是对第一句的具体说明。因此，“The preference for opening
an eye on the lookout”是为了警惕敌人的攻击；而“The mirror side eye closed”的原因则是“as
if the reflection were a companion”，故C)项为正确答案。注意B)项虽然也有可能，但是这篇文章说明的是为什么鸟类要保持半睡眠状态，相比较而言，C)项比B)项更扣紧文章主题，因而也更合适。
14.B 推断题。本题涉及对细节的把握与推断，文章第七段最后一句说：“Perhaps keeping one side of the
brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to
avoid drowning.”故B项为正确答案。此题中D)项的干扰性较大，但文中未提到急流，再说被急流卷走也不一定会被淹死。
15.D 推断题。“just the tip of the iceberg”是一比喻说法，这个句子是对第一句“Studies of
birds may offer unique insights into sleep”的补充与说明，其目的是说这一新研究所具有的重要作用，这一点不难从紧跟其后的句子“He
speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer
look at other species”看出，故正确答案毫无疑问是D)。在这句话中“冰山一角”是比喻说法，故A)项不对；B)和C)项皆与原文不符。
Passage Two
【短文大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述的是一个九岁的小女孩如何独自用一个简单的方法证实广为人们接受的触摸治疗法原本是骗术罢了。许多的触摸治疗师宣称他们能够通过“发功”来平衡患者体内的“场”，从而为患者减轻痛苦，甚至达到治病的作用。但是他们却不能也不愿证明“场”存在，因为事实上，触摸疗法完全是骗人的把戏。由于对小孩子的不设防，这场被他们隐瞒多年的骗术被一个孩子轻易戳穿了。
16.C 信息明示题。短文第二段最后一句“The claims are taken seriously enough that
TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to
$70 an hour, to smooth patients’ energy, sometimes during surgery”
说明C)是正确的。A)虽然也是事实，但它并不说明“TT”的普及程度；B)和D)与原文意思不符。
17.C 本题为推断题。本题涉及对细节的把与推断，第三段第三句说：“A skeptic might conclude that
TT practitioner are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line” (持怀疑态度的人会认为TT治疗师害怕提供证据)“lay...on
the line”的意思是“为……提供证据”，由此可知，不是他们对巨资不动心，而是害怕露馅，故C)为正确答案。A)文中未提级；B)也不对，不是“冒险”的问题，他们自己心里非常清楚，这完全是骗术，一旦露馅，则饭碗就给砸了；D)与原文之意不符，选此题的考生混淆了短语“lay...on
theline”和“in line with”。
18.D 判断题。本题考查考生的综合推理能力，文章第一段说Emily Rosa的一次实验是以揭穿骗术而告终的，又告诉我们她做这个实验就是针对广为人们所认同的TT治疗法；文中告知没有人能证明TT的有效性；文章最后以“If
there was an energy field,they couldn’t feel it”结尾，这都说明D)是正确答案。A)与原文意思相反；B)文中未提及；C)也原文之意不符。
19.D 细节题。从短文第三段最后一句“I think they didn’t take me very seriously because
I’m a kid”可知D)为正确选项。A)是这次实验的结果；B)文中未提及；C)倒也是涉及到做实验的事实，但这只是说明其实证明骗术的方法是多么简单，而不是治疗师们愿意做这个实验的原因，他们愿意参与做实验是因为对孩子没有提防，没想到阴沟里边翻了船。
20.A 主旨题。本题考查考生在读完这篇文章之后，是否能够理解作者写这篇文章的意图，即这则故事说明了什么——一些广为大众所认同的观点往往是错的。B)文章没有论及；C)不对，因为，这则故事中的小孩之所以能成功是因为利用了大人对孩子的不设防心理，尽管这表明这个女孩很聪明，但作者在本文里想要阐述的是人们盲目相信别人，而不是小孩与成人的聪明问题；D)与文章不符。
Passage Three
【短文大意】是这一篇科普说明文。文章详细介绍了未来汽车自动车道。在设想的蓝图中，设想中的自动车道可分为两种：专门的自动汽车车道和混和型的自动汽车车道。前者是专门供给全自动交通车辆使用，在后一种体系中，全自动、半自动和人工驾驶的车辆可同时进行。两种不同的车道使得交通车辆进入自动行驶状态的方式也有所不同，但不管通过哪种方式进入自动驾驶状态，都对先前已进入自动驾驶的车辆无任何干扰。
21.A 判断题。本题测试考生的综合理解力，特别是对第一段第三句话的推断。关键词“drawing board”原意为“制图板”，这说明该自动车道体系尚在设计阶段，因此，“drawing
board”可引申为“蓝图”。此外，文章一开始就问：在自动车道上驾驶会是什么样子，文章的时态也多处选用“would”，由引可见，A)为正确答案。
22.B 信息明示题。短文第一段最后一句：“A special purpose lane system world require
more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but
it promises the greatest gain in freeway capacity”(专门的自动车道体系对现有的高速公路有更高的修缮与改进要求，但它可以最大限度地发挥高速公路的能力)直接提供了答案。A)与原文意思相反；C)和D)文章中均没有提及。
23.B 细节题。根据第二段第一句：“Under either scheme, the driver would specify
the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer
in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching
the automated highway”(不管使用哪种车道，司机必须在驾车出发时或在驶入自动车道前把要去的目的地输进车上的计算机系统)，可知B)正确。A)短文中没有提到；C)与原文第二段之意不符；D)是行驶在混合式的车道时的情形。
24.B 细节题。第二段第四句说：“As the driver approached the point of entry for
the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically
check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain
that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order.”在这个句子中，ascertain的意思是“探知”，整句话的意思是：司机到达自动高速公路入口时，安装在路边的电子仪器会检查车辆以确定其目的地以及其自动设备是否完好。故B项为正确选项。A)与原文不符；C)的内容文中确实提到过，但它是在车辆通过检测之后，也就是说，如果检测不过关，就没有这一步了；D）项文中没有提及。
25.D 信息明示题。根据最后一段最后一句：“And once a vehicle had settled into automated
travel,the driver would be free to release the wheel,open the morning
paper or just relax” 可知D）项为正确答案。
Passage Four
【短文大意】这是一篇论说文。该论文从一个全新的角度探讨了怎样才是“聪明人”。传统的观念认为一个人聪明与否在于他能否解决复杂的问题，具备一定的读写和计算能力，或是否能解很抽象的方程式。可残酷的现实是在精神病院里，传统意义上的聪明人却成了常客。因此，在作者看来，一个人的聪明与否应该看他能否有效地、愉快地度过每一天、每一分和每一秒，在艰难而坎坷的生活中最大限度地感知快乐。
26.A 细节辨析题。文中第一段第二句和第三句告诉我们“聪明”的传统定义，接着告诉我们这一定义所带来的不好的后果，传统定义所认为的“聪明人”很多过着很不快乐的生活，据此推断选项A)为正确答案。选项B)与原文意思相反；C)与原文意思不符，原文中认为“解决问题的能力有助于人们感到快乐”，但它还不够，还有很多的因素使人快乐，而在作者看来，聪明因素不在于传统意义上的读，写，计算等能力，但读写能力并不一定就是带来精神沮丧的根源，故C)不对；选项D)与文意不符。
27.D 推断题。本题问的是“怎样才是聪明人”，从文章第一段第五和第六句：“We have come to believe that
someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good
at some form of school discipline is “intelligent”.Yet mental hospitals
are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates。”
可知本文作者不认同传统意义上的“聪明人”，在文章后面，作者还指出他所认为的真正的“聪明人”，综合全文，不难看出，作者的观点与传统的观念相反，据此可推断D）项为正确答案。
28.C 主旨题。本题测试考生归纳中心思想的能力，本文论述的是“怎样的人才能算作聪明的人”。首先，作者对传统定义上的聪明人作否定，接着在第二和第三段，作者详述了怎样才算是一个聪明人，最后一段则教读者如何做一个聪明人。故选项C)正确。
29.A 细节辨析题。本题要求考生正确理解文章的重要论点。最后一段第二和第三及第四句说：充满艰难困苦的生活对于每一个人都是一样的。因此A)正确。B)“沮丧与不快乐在生活中是不可避免的”对每一个人来说，确实会碰到，但本文作者想阐明的是对于这个“unavoidable”的东西，不同的人对待它的不一样，因此，结果也不一样，能够面对“depression
and unhappiness”而不陷入其中的人在作者看来才是聪明的人，故B)不恰当；C)与文意不符；D)文中没有探讨。
30.B 信息明示题。从文章最后一句“Those who recognize problems as a human condition
and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most
intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare.”不难看出，作者所认为的真正的聪明人是：那些懂得困难或灾祸是人生难免的问题，但不以是否遭遇困难或灾祸为衡量标准的人，故B)为正确答案。A)与原文不符，说的是不强调
书本知识的人一定就是能够快乐生活的人；选项C)与原文相反；选项D)与原文意思较接近，但没有B)更加密切原文所表达的意思，退一步说，“避免不快”不一定就能够“找到快乐”，后者比前者更加困难。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
31.A 这位科学家在提出火星上存在生命这一前提之后，接着就论述他的这一论点(提出充分的论据)。本题测试点是名词的辨认。A)premise是“前提”的意思，例如：Advice
to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would
continue to fall.给予投资者的建议是以利率将继续下降这一点为前提的。B)pretext “借口，托词”，例如：He
came to see me under the pretext of asking my advice when he really
wanted to borrow money. C)foundation (思想，信仰等的)“基础，根据，出发点”。D)presentation“介绍，陈述”。
32.D 数次灾难之后，人们就核能的安全性问题进行了激烈而持久的论战。本题测试点为近义名词的辨析。D)controversy “辩论，论战，争论”，是对有很多人所的持意见分歧较大的有关道德或政治等较严肃的社会问题的争论。如：The
appointment of the new director aroused a lot of controversy. A)quarrel“争吵，争论”，后接人，就用with;后接物，就用over或about，其含义多指原有“关系的破裂”，而且，意见的分歧可以是很小范围内的，比如两人之间的争吵。例如：She
had a serious quarrel with his brother over the terms of their father’s
will.她和她哥哥为父亲的遗嘱条款吵得很厉害。B)suspicion“猜疑，怀疑；嫌疑犯；嫌疑”。C)verdict“(陪审团做出的)裁决，裁定”。例如
：The jury brought in a verdict of guilty.陪审团宣判了有罪的裁决。
33.B 他们的外交政策使他们征服世界的野心暴露无遗。本题测试点是名词的辨认。B)ambition 有“野心；雄心；志气；抱负”之意，该词可作可数名词或不可数名词。例如：The
students who have great ambitions are always studying hard. A)admiration“钦佩，赞美”。例如：Her
handling of the crisis fills me with admiration. C)administration“(公共事物，国家政策等的)管理；经营；行政”。例如：Head
teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching. D)orientation
“东方；朝向；定向”。
34.C 董事长对我许诺：如果我干得出色，他给我双倍工资。本题测试点是近义词的辨析。特别是 warrant和assurance的差别。C)assurance“承诺；保证：担保”，相当于statement
made to convince sb.或promise。例如：Despite repeated assurances he failed
to repay the money he had borrowed. A)warrant 这个词对正确选项干扰颇大，当该词是“担保；保证”之意时，它只能作动词用，当它作名词用时，其意为“授权令；凭证，证件”。例如：You
should have a travel warrant with you while traveling abroad.I’ll
warrant him an honest and reliable fellow.This material is warranted
to pure silk. B)obligation “义务；职责；责任” D)certainty “确信；确知；必然”，例如：England
will lose the match that’s a certainty.I can’t with any certainty
where I shall be next week.35.A 圣诞树上点缀着一些闪闪发亮的饰物，有彩灯，还有玻璃球。本题测试点为名词的辨析。A)ornament“装饰；装饰物”，例如：The
palace is rich in ornament. B)luxury该词作可数名词用时，其意思是“奢侈品”；作不可数名词用时的意思是“奢侈；豪华；奢华”。例如：Not
all rich people are living in luxury. We cannot afford many luxuries.
C)exhibit “展览；陈列；展览品；陈列品”。D)complement “补充；补充物”。
36.C 面粉和糖是制作蛋糕最重要的两种配料。本题考点为名词易混词的辨析。C)ingredients“配料；成分；原料；材料”，(多指烹饪)例如：Without
the important ingredients, the dish is not delicious.A)element“元素；要素”，该词指一个整体中不可缺少或固有的成分。例如：Justice
is an important element of good government. Water is composed of
the elements hydrogen and oxyge
n. B)component“成分；组成部分；零配件”，多指机械装置的组成部分。例如：I am surprised that the
price of the components of an engine is more expensive than an engine.
This factory is supplying components for the car industry. D)constituent“成分；组成物；选民”，多指整体当中的一部分。例如：The
constituents of happiness vary from person to person.
37.C 文化的传承意味着人类将其语言一代传一代。本题考点为名词辨析。这四个名词中前面三个都含有“转化”的意思，也就是说这四个词都可以与介词from...to搭配，但根据句意，正确选项C）。因为：C)transmission“传播；传递；传送；播送；传染”。例如：There
is a live transmission from Washington
tonight.Doctors warned us to try our best to prevent the transmission
of disease by mosquitoes. A)translation“翻译”。B)transition“转变；过渡”，例如：Adultlescence
is the transition period between childhood and manhood. The frequent
transitions from cold to warm weather this spring have caused much
illness. D)transaction“交易；业务”，相当于piece of business carried out。例如：Payments
by check easily outnumber cash transactions.支票付款在数量上超过现金交易。38.B
我们应该透过那些错觉和臆断，努力去发现那些遗漏的东西。本题的考点是名词的辨认。B)illusion“错觉，幻觉；错误的观念”，例如：We
are leftwith few illusions about our ally.我们的处境已不容我们对盟友再存多少幻想了。
A)justification“辩明；理由”。例如：I can see no justification for dividing
the company into smaller units. C)manifestation“表明；显示”。例如：This riot
is only one manifestation of people’s discontent. D)specification
“详述；说明书(pl.);规范”。例如：Have you got the specifications of the garage?
39.B 没有人想到那个外表可敬的商人实际上却是个罪犯。本题测试点是易混词的辨析。B)respectable “值得尊敬的；体面的”，相当于deserving
respect。例如：Premier Zhou is one of the most respectable man in the
world. A)respective“各自的”例如：The three men were given work according
to their respective abilities. C)respectful“表示恭敬的；充满敬意的”，相当于showing
respect。They stood at a respectful distance from the president.
Open minded people are respectful of other people’s opinions.D)realistic“现实的，实际的”。例如：He
is world famous realistic writer.他是世界著名的现实主义作家。
40.D 如果再不采取措施保护环境，那么现在尚存的数以百万计的物种将会灭绝。本题考点是形容词extinct 的用法。这道题可以用排除法来选取正确答案，因为根据句子可知become
后应接名词或形容词，而四个选项中的前三个词都是动词的过去式或过去分词，只有D）项是形容词，且意义吻合，故D）项为正确答案。D)extinct“绝种的；灭绝的；熄灭的”，相当于(especially
of a type of animal, etc.)no longer in existence。例如：If we continue
to destroy the countryside many more animals will become extinct.
A)deteriorate “变坏；使变坏；恶化；使恶化”。B)degenerate “退步；堕落”
。C)suppress“镇压；制止；禁止”。
41.A 科学态度的精髓在于认为人脑必定能够正确地认识宇宙。本题考点为名词近义词的辨析。A)essence“精髓；本质；要素”，例如：The
essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.B)content“内容”，多用于复数形式，例如：She
had not read the letter and so was unaware of its contents. C)texture
这个词一般指物体表面，物质或织物的“质地；外观；手感(如厚薄，软硬，粗细等)”。例如：She has a delicate texture
of skin. D)threshold“开端；入口；门槛”。例如：He was on the threshold of his
career.他的事业刚刚起步。Are we at the threshold of an era when war will
have been abolished?
42.C 老太太的咳嗽已发展成慢性的了，短期内是很难治愈的。本题考点为近义形容词的辨析。C)chronic“(尤其指疾病)慢性的；长期的；习惯的”，例如：Many
people are suffering from chronic bronchitis(慢性支气管炎).A)perpetual“永久的，永恒的；不间断的，持续的”，相当于
continuing indefinitely。这个词通常用作定词。例如：He was irritated by their perpetual
complaints. B)permanent“永恒的；长久的”，例如：She is looking for permanent
employment.D)sustained “持久的；不变的”例如：Sustained efforts at purification
have rendered the river clear and many species of fish have returned
to its waters after an absence decades of years.
43.B 记者发给我们的是一份信得过的新闻报道，我们完全可以相信他。本题考点是形容词的辨认。B)authentic“可靠的；可信的；真实的；真正的”，例如：Rumors
are circulating and we have not got any authentic news. A)evident“明显的；明白的”。
C)ultimate“最终的；最后的”。 D)immediate“立刻的；马上的；直接的”。
44.A 自从让她做了这儿的教授和导师，这就成了她的一种精神动力，推动着她的学生们超越他们自身的期望。本题考点为形容词的辨认。A)inspirational
由动词 inspire变成的形容词，意为“鼓舞或激励人的；启发灵感的”，例如：Helen has been an inspirational
example for so many people all over the world.The writer has contributed
a lot to the society by his beautiful and inspirational pieces of
writing. B)educational“教育的；有教育意义的；教育性的”。例如：There are some educational
programs for children on television,but there is more entertainment
in a good book
than in a month of typical TV programming. C)excessive“过多的；过分的；极端的”。D)instantaneous“即时的；瞬间的”，相当于happening
or done in an instant。
45.D 一些研究者发现某些人的神经系统易受干热风的伤害。这就是我们所说的对天气敏感的人。本题考点是易混词的辨析。D)vulnerable“易受伤害的；脆弱的；”即likely
to be hurt, wounded or injured,该词后面与介词to搭配。例如：Young birds are very
vulnerable to predators.A) subjective
“主观的；个人的”，这个词不能与介词to搭配(注意和 be subject to 的区别)。B)subordinate“从属的；下级的”，这个词也与介词to搭配。例如：All
the other issues are subordinate to this one. He was always friendly
to his subordinate. C)liable 这个选项的干扰最大，它后面可与介词to搭配，也有“易于……的；有……倾向的；可能的”，但它的英文含义是
be subject to, 也就是说这个词本身并没有“受伤害”之意。例如：Offenders are liable to fines
of up to $100. On such a foggy day, a train is liable to delay.
此外，liable 后还可接动词不定式和介词 for,分别表示“可能”，“应负责任”。例如：We are all liable
to make mistakes. Is a man liable for his wife’s debts in your country?在你们国家，男人应为妻子的债务负责吗?
46.B 飓风具很强的杀伤力，其破坏性在于飓风能造成自然环境物理上的巨大破坏。本题考点是形容词易混词的辨析。B)destructive“破坏性的；毁灭性的；有害的”，例如：The
film shows us vividly the destructive force of earthquakes. Gambling
is a destructive hobby. A)cumulative“累积的；渐增的；附加的”，例如：The cumulative
effect of several illnesses made it hard for him to recover. C)turbulent
“狂暴的；动乱的”，例如：Many people are seasick when the ship are passing through
turbulent waves.D)prevalent“流行的；盛行的”。例如：The prevalent opinion is
in favor of reform.大家一致赞同改革。
47.C 在有些国家的课堂教学上，学生应安静而顺从。本题考点为形容词的辨认。C)obedient“顺从的，服从的；孝顺的”，例如：The
commanding officer expected that his men are unquestioningly obedient.
A)skeptical “怀疑的；不相信的”。例如：I am rather skeptical about their professed
sympathy for the poor. B)faithful“忠实的；守信的；可靠的”，例如：She is always
loyal to her husband.
Faithful employees are welcome in all companies. D)subsidiary “辅助的；补助金的；次要的”。48.A
尽管经济前景暗淡，但生产量仍有小幅上涨。本题考点是易混词的辨析。A)gloomy“幽暗的；悲观的；郁闷的；朦胧的”，例如：When
it comes to finding a good job, even those who are highly educated
think they have a gloomy prospect. It is so gloomy in the room that
we can see anything. B)miserable“可怜的；不幸的”。例如：Now many people in
the world are still living a poor and miserable life. C)shadowy“有阴影的；多荫的；(喻)模糊的”。例如：Nobody
can refuse cool, shadowy
woods in hot summer. He was frightened by a shadowy figure glimpsed
in the twilight. D)obscure “不易看清的；不分明的；费解的；隐藏的”，例如：Is the meaning
still obscure to you? His real motive for the crime remains obscure.他犯罪的真正动机仍不清楚。
49.B 原始社会的人往往在身上或脸上涂抹油彩以趋吉避凶。本题考点是动词短语的辨认。这四个动词短语的意思并不十分接近，只要能够辨认，就能选对答案。此题中A)、C)、D)三个选项都是常用短语，因此，用排除法也能找出正确答案。B)ward
off“躲开；避免”，例如：We should teach children how to ward off dangers as
early as possible. A)set aside “留用；搁置一旁；不注意”。例如：She sets aside a
bit of money every month for later years. He set aside his book
and litacigarette.C)shrug off“(认为某事不重要而)不予理会”。例如：I admire the way
she is able to shrug of unfair criticism. D)give away“给予；泄露”。例如：He
gave away most of his money to charity.50.C 国际形势这几年来日益严峻。本题考点是副词的辨析。这四个副词虽然都可以与动词搭配，但此句的动词是grow，它含有一个变化过程，因此C）项为最佳答案。C)increasingly“逐渐地；不断增加地；日益地”。例如：Women
are playing an increasingly important role in the society. I
Increasingly, people are realizing that our basic problems are not
economic ones. A)invariably“不变地；始终如一地”。例如：She invariably arrives
late. B)presumably “推测地；假定地；也许”。例如：He will presumably resign in
view of he complete failure of his policy. D)dominantly“起支配作用地”。In
a society where men act dominantly, women can not enjoy equality
in many ways.在男人起支配作用的社会，女人在许多方面不可能享有平等。
51.C 那个罪犯被剥夺了三年的公民权。本题考点是易混动词的辨析。C)deprive“取走；剥夺；使丧失”，其较固定句型为 deprive
sb. or sth. of sth. 句中其他三个动词都不要求与介词 of 搭配使用。例如：Too many trees in
front of the house deprive the house of light. Deprived of the right
to be educated, many children will be faced with the fate of joblessness.
A)discharge“排出；解雇；发射；履行”。例如：Where do the sewers discharge their
contents? B)derive“得来；获得；起源”。We can derive pleasure from traveling.
D)dispatch“派遣；发送；调遣”。例如：It has been decided that a cruiser is to
be dispatched to the island to restore order.
52.D 小规模的农场以及技术的匮乏已经阻碍了农业生产。本题考点是动词的辨认。D)hamper“妨碍；阻碍”，即hinder;prevent。例如：Some
people think that environment will hamper economy development. Don’t
hamper me in my work. A)blunder“犯错；盲目乱动”。例如：Our leaders blundered
again. B)tangle“缠结；使陷入”。C)bewilder“迷惑；使为难；使迷失方向”。
53.A 日本科学家发现香味能提高办公人员的工作效率并缓解其压力。本题测试点是动词的辨认。A)enhance“增强；提高”，例如：Now
many enterprises realize the importance of enhancing their reputation
abroad.B)amplify“扩大；放大”，即 make larger or fuller, esp. give fuller
information。例如：We must ask you to amplify your statement. C)foster“助长；培养；鼓励；促进”。例如：What
is the most important is to foster an interest in study among students.
D)magnify“放大；扩大；夸大”，例如：Cells of the body must be magnified several
times before they can be seen.在人体细胞能看到之前，一定放大了几倍。
54.D 所有的学生都必须遵守校规校制。本题考点为形近动词的辨析。D)conform“遵守；符合；顺从”，后面与介词 to 搭配。例如：This
sentence does not conform to the present day usage. A)confirm“证实；肯定”，该词作及物动词用。例如：Nobody
has confirmed the news. B)confront“面对；遭遇”，及物动词。 C)confine“限制；禁闭”，常与介词
to 搭配使用。例如：His broken leg confined him to bed for almost two months.他的断腿使他在床上呆差不多两个月。
55.D 他挠挠脑袋，思索着该如何解决问题。本题考点为易混动词的辨析。D)scratch“抓；擦；划掉(尤指用指甲，爪子等)”，习语
scratch one’s head 意为“伤脑筋；费思量”。例如：The dog is scratching at the door.We’ve
been scratching our heads for a solution to the problem. A)scrap“废弃；抛弃”。例如：To
scrap such a car means wasting money. B)screw“用螺丝钉钉住”。 C)scrape“刮；擦”。例如：It
is hard to scrape the paint away from the wall.从墙上刮掉油漆是困难的。
56.A 这个男孩一有能力养活自己就公然反抗父母对他的严格管束。本题考点为动词的辨析。A)defy“公然反抗；违抗；不服从”，例如：They
defied their parents and got married. I was surprised that not a
single person had tried to defy the cruel boss. B)refute“反驳；驳斥”。例如：I
can refute the theory the earth is flat through many ways. C)exclude“除去；排除；”。
D)vote“投票；选举；表决”。
57.D 那架直升机与一架轻型飞机相撞，致使两架飞机上的飞行员遇难。本题考点为动词词组的辨析。D)collide“互撞；碰撞；相反；冲突”，后接介词
with，所撞之物或人通常都处在运动状态。例如：The majority of the passengers were hurt
when the bus collided with the fast coming lorry. The morning news
says a school bus collided with a train at the junction and a group
of policemen were sent there immediately.A)coincide“(指事件)同时发生；巧合；(指意见等)一致”，这个词后接介词
with。例如：They could not go to the theatre together because his free
time never co
incided with hers.B)stumble on “偶然发现”，例如：He stumbled on the book
he had wanted for a long time in a small and old bookstore. C)tumble“跌倒；跌落；翻筋斗”，后面可接不同的介词，表示不同的意思。例如：The
puppies were tumbling about on the floor. The old barn is tumbling
to pieces.
58.A 所谓保存就是保留和保护，也就是将我们喜欢的东西保护好以使他人也能分享。本题考点是词形相近的动词的辨析。A)conserve“保存；保全”，We
should take some effective measures to conserve the forests that
are reducing day after day. More and more people are realizing the
importance of conserving natural resources. B)conceive“构思；构想；怀孕”。例如：Who
first conceived the idea of filling bags with gas to make balloons?
C)convert“转变；转化；改变”。例如：Paper is converted from rags. D)contrive“设法；设计；动脑筋”。例如：Can
you contrive to be here early?你能设法早点儿到这儿吗?
59.D 带上墨镜，否则强烈的太阳光照花你的眼，你就看不清东西。本题考点是动词的辨认。D)dazzle“(强光)使目眩；使眼花”，
例如：Such brilliant prospects almost dazzled the young girl. A)discern“辨认；识别；理解；了解”。例如：We
discerned the figure of a man clinging to the mast of the wrecked
ship. B)distort“歪曲；曲解；使变形”。例如：Newspaper accounts of international
affairs are sometimes distorted. C)distract“分心；转移(与from连用)”。例如：The
noise in the street distracted me from my reading.街上的嘈杂声使我无法专心看书。
60.B 在原始社会，人们旅行并不是为了玩乐而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。本题考点为近义形容词的辨析。B)primitive“原始的；早期的；简单的；粗糙的”，往往用来指与现代文明社会相对应的社会的初期阶段。例如：It
is hard to study primitive culture and primitive customs. They built
a primitive shelter out of tree trunks.A)prime“主要的；最佳的；最重要的；一流的”，例如：Nobody
knows his prime motive. The shoes are very expensive because they
are made from prime beef hide. C)primary
“基本的；第一的；主要的；重要的”，但它主要指在时间，次序或发展上，例如：The word is widely used, but
few people know its primary meaning. The disease is still in its
primary stage. D)preliminary(作为某一重要行动或事情的)“预备的；初步的”，例如：All this
is preliminary to the main election struggle. There is a preliminary
contest before the final one.在决赛前有一场预赛。
Part Ⅳ Close
61.A 该题考点是 latter 与 later 的辨析。latter指在顺序上较后，意为“后者；末尾的；较后的”，即 belonging
to the end of a period; or (contrasted with the former) the second
of two things or persons already mentioned; later 是 late的比较级，意为“迟的，晚的”，所以
the later part of the 19th century 是“十九世纪晚些时期”，而 the latter part
of the 19th century 意为“十九世纪后半世纪”。故A）为正确答案。
62.B 该句前用分号与前句隔开，表明其应是一个独立的句子，而非作为上句的从句，所以正确答案为B）。63.A 该句的意思是：一次世界大战时期，幼儿园的发展在欧美得到了极大的推动。而
impetus的意思是“冲力；动力；刺激”，故A）为正确答案。
64.C 本句的意思是：男性劳动力的短缺使得产业工人出现了前所未有的女性。shortage 的意思是“缺乏；不足；短少”，其常用短语为
be shortage of。例如：More workers are to be employed next year because
we are shortage of people. Being short are of money and wanting
to gain experience, he applied for the position advertised in the
newspaper.因为没钱且想获得经验，他在报纸登的广告中求职。
65.D 本文要强调的是幼儿园的蓬勃发展，幼儿园在很短的时间之内遍地开花，“甚至在军火场里也建起了幼儿园”，可见幼儿园是多么受老百姓欢迎了。even为“甚至”，故D）为正确答案。
66.D 根据上下文可知此处应是一个表示转折的连词，因此，本句的意思为：尽管美国幼儿园的数量也急剧上升，但它们完全没有受到政府任何形式的资助。故D）项为正确答案。
67.B sharply 的意思是“急剧地”，与本句意思吻合，故为正确答案。A）unanimously“一致地；全体地”；C）predominantly“占优势地；主要地；压倒性地”；D）militantly“好战地；好斗地；强硬地”。68.C
根据上下文可知本句与前一句在意思上是转折的，故 however 为正确答案，此句意思为：在第一次世界大战结束后的几年里，联邦政府、州政府和各地方政府逐渐着手实行控制幼儿园的政策。
69.A control over(of)为固定搭配。例如：The government’s controls over taxes
have increase enormously in recent years. The chairman’s power to
vote a proposal is a control over what the committee made. 本句中文意思可参照68题。
70.D 本题为词汇辨认题。A)formulating 是 formulate 的动名词，其意为“构想出；规划；用公式表示”；B)labeling
是 label 的动名词，其意为“贴标签”，后常常与 as 搭配，例如：Returning from the moon walk,
he was labeled as a hero of the nation; C)patenting 是 patent 的动名词，其意为“取得专利”；D)licensing
是 license 的动名词，其意为“核发执照；特准”。例如：Only the government can license doctors
to practice medicine. D）项符合上下文，故为正确选项。本句中文意思是：……其主要方法是通过颁发许可证和检查幼儿园的办园条件。
71.B 本题考点为词汇的辨析。A)outset“开始”；B)outbreak“爆发；突发；暴动；骚动”；例如：The outbreak
of the war made the experiment impossible to be carried out. C)breakthrough
“突围；重大的发现；突破”； D)breakdown“(身体，精神等方面的)垮；衰竭；故障；损坏”。
72.A 根据上文，这里谈到的是第二次世界大战爆发时所发生的情况与第一次世界大战时发生的情况相似，故正确答案应该是 again，即选项A）。
73.B 本题考点是同义词的搭配问题。“在……情形下”在英语中可用三个不同的名词 occasion, case 和 circumstance
来表示，但所搭配的介词不同，occasion 与 on 搭配，case 与介词 in 搭配， circumstance 与介词
under 搭配。本句中的介词是 on，故正确答案应为B）。其句意是：在这种情形下，美国政府立即支持日托学校的建立，并于1942年，拨款六百万美元为职业妇女解决子女日托的问题。
74.C 本句的意思参照73题，根据句意，选项C）为最佳答案。A)regulate“管理；调整；使有规则”； B)summon“命令；召集；把……叫来”；C)allocate“拨出；留下；分配；部署”，例如：It
has been decided that a sum of money is to be allocated for education.
D)transfer“转移；让与；转换；调换”。75.C 根据本句的意思“许多州和地方团体也都追加资金，以补充联邦政府的该项资助。”正确选项应为C）。因为C)supplement
的意思是“增补；补充”，例如：Many people try to supplement their incomes by doing
various part time jobs. A)expand“膨胀；扩大；扩张；展开”；B)facilitate“使容易；使便利；促进；帮助”；D)compensate“弥补；报酬；补偿；偿还”。
76.D 该句的中文意思是：到战争末期，即1945年八月，十多万儿童在联邦政府的资助下得到了日托所的照料。选项D）为最佳答案，因为
care for 是固定搭配，其意为“照顾；照料”。
77.B 本句的译文参照76题。B)subsidy“补助金；津贴；奖金”，即money granted, esp. by a government
or society, to an industry or other cause needing help, or to an
ally in war or to keep prices at a desired level。例如：Every year our
country offers a large sum of study subsidy for poor but elite students
in universities. A)pension“养老金；退休金”；C)revenue“(多指国家的)岁
入；总收入；收益”；D)budget“预算”。
78.D 本句的译文是：之后不久，联邦政府大力缩减甚至完全取消用于建立托儿所的费用，致使大量的托儿所难以维持。根据句意和所给的四个选项，最佳答案是应是D）。D)drastically“激烈地；迅猛地；彻底地；果断地”。例如：Because
of the birth control policy, the population in China reduced drastically.
A)prevalently“普遍地；流行地”；B)furiously“狂暴地；狂怒地；猛烈地”；C)statistically“统计地；统计学上地”。
79.A 本句的译文参照78题。根据题意及所给四个选项，A）项为正确答案。A)abolish“废除；取消；废止；彻底破坏”。例如：The
civil war ended and the Negro slavery was finally abolished in the
whole country. B)diminish“减小；缩小；贬损”； C)jeopardize“危及；损害”；D)preclude
“阻止；妨碍；防止；排除”。
80.C 根据前面可知，日托所的成立是为了解决战争期间外出工作的母亲们照顾孩子的问题，当时大量妇女外出工作是因为大多数男人参战去了，战争结束后，人们以为妇女会重新回到家中做家庭妇女，但最后一句话一开始用了表示转折的词“however”，表明尽管政府在战后缩减甚至取消用于建立日托所的费用，但是预计的大多数职业母亲将离开她们工作的现象并未出现，而只是部分职业母亲离开了工作岗位，故C）项为正确答案。
Part Ⅴ Writing
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
Nowadays, a job interview is very important to both the interviewer
and interviewee.To an interviewer,he can tell something about the
job to the interviewee such as the salary,the work conditions and
also the development prospects of the company.To an interviewee,he
can make use of the chance to know the work he is going to take
up. After a full and frank exchange of information, an interviewer
is easy to make a judgement whether the job is really suitable for
the interviewee.But how can an interviewee succeed in the job interview?First,
the interviewee has to pay attention to his appearance, for the
first impression is always what we start with.Second, good manners
are equally important, the interviewee has to be neither too proud
nor too timid. Just be courteous.Besides, he ought to be honest
about his personal background.Finally, great importance should be
attached to his ability and skills for the job and his academic
knowledge, which he must demonstrate truly and confidently.In this
way can he get a satisfactory job.In a word, the job interview is
a good chance for the interviewee to show his capacity and knowledge
by expressing himself to the interviewer, the interviewe
r can decide whether he is the right person for the job.
2000年6月
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.M:Have you had the brakes and tires checked?And do you have enough
money?
W:I’ve taken care of everything and I’m sure it’s going to be a
wonderful trip.
Q:What’s the woman going to do?
2.M:The new sales manager says he has never met you before.
W:We’ve been introduced about three times.He seems a little forgetful.
Q:What do we learn about the new sales manager?
3.W:I don’t understand why this book for self study doesn’t have
answers to the questions.M:But it does.You can find them at the
back of the book.
Q:What does the man say about the self study book?
4.W:We need to let everyone know about the charity concert.But we
don’t have much money for advertising.
M:How about using the school radio station?They broadcast free public
service announcements.Q:What does the man suggest they do?
5.M:By the way,Jane,did you talk to the consultant about our new
health programme?
W:I contacted his office,but his secretary said he would be out
for lunch until two.
Q:What does the woman mean?
6.M:I don’t know whether to ask Joe or Carrol to draw the posters.
W:What difference does it make?They’re both excellent artists.
Q:What does the woman imply about Joe and Carrol?
7.M:Mary is in charge of the art and music section and Charles the
sports page.What about you?W:I’m responsible for the editorials.
Q:What does the woman work?
8.M:I ran into our friend Mark yesterday on the street.And he said
he hadn’t heard from you for two months.
W:Yes,I know.But I’ve been too busy to phone him.
Q:What do we learn from the conversation?
9.M:I’m really exhausted,but I don’t want to miss the film “The
Consign”at eleven.
W:If I were you,I’d skip it.We both have to get up early tomorrow.And
anyway,I’ve heard it isn’t that exciting.
Q:What does the woman mean?
10.M:I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books
as we need without library card.
W:That’s right,but not those reference books.
Q:What does the woman mean?
Section B
Passage One
The piano and violin are girls’instruments.Drums and trumpets are
for boys.According to psychologists Susan O’neil and Michael Bottome,children
have very clear ideas about which musical instruments they should
play.They found that despite the best efforts of teachers,these
ideas have changed very little over the past decade.They interviewed
153 children,aged between 9 and 11,from schools in northwest England.They
asked them to identify four musical instruments and then to say
which they would like to play most and which they would least like
to play.They also asked the children for their views on whether
boys or girls should not play any of the four instruments.The piano
and violin were both ranked more favorably by girls than by boys.While
boys prefer the drums and trumpets.There was broad agreement between
boys and girls on which instruments each sex should play and the
reasons varied.And while almost half of all boys said they avoid
certain instruments because they were too difficult to play.Only
15 percent of girls gave that as a reason.Earlier studies indicated
that very young school children aged between 5 and 7,showed no bias
in choosing musical instruments.But their tastes become more clear
between the ages of 8 and 10.One survey of 78 teachers suggested
that after that age,both boys and girls begin to restrict themselves
to the so called male or female instruments.
11.Why did Susan and Michael interview children aged between 9 and
11?
12.Why do many of the boys avoid certain instruments?
13.Which group of children have a bias when choosing musical instruments?
Passage Two
In the 1970’s the famous Brazilian football player Pele retired
from the National Team of Brazil and became a professional player
for a team in New York.Football or soccer wasn’t very popular in
the United States at that time.Few North Americans knew anything
about this fast moving sport.There was no money to pay professional
players and there was little interest in football in high schools
and colleges.When Pele and other international stars began playing
in various US cities,people saw how interesting the game was and
began to go to the matches.It is now common for important games
to have 50 to 60 thousand fans.Support from the fans is important
to football.The fans cheer enthusiastically for their favorite players
and teams,who respond by playing better than before.In most World
Cups the home team,or the team from the host country,usually plays
better than most people expect.In 1966,1974 and 1978, the home teams
of England,West Germany and Argentina all won the World Cup.The
World Cup is called that because teams from every continent have
played in it.However,since the Cup began,all of the winning
teams have been from Europe or South America.Teams from Asia or
Africa always do well,but they haven’t yet won.Mexico played surprisingly
well in the 1970 Cup which it hosted,but it wasn’t among the four
final teams.
14.Why wasn’t football a popular sport in the US in the 1970’s?
15.When does a football team have the best chance to win the World
Cup?
16.How did Mexico do in the 1970 World Cup?
Passage Three
The world’s smartest adolescence in mathematics and science are
in Singapore according to a global survey of educational achievement.In
the third international mathematics and science study,13year olds
from Singapore achieved the best scores in standardized tests of
maths and science that were ministered to 287,896 students in 41
countries in 1994 and 1995.The survey suggests that science and
maths education is especially strong in the fareast.While well
behind those top scores,students from Australia earned higher marks
in maths than their counterparts in England,who in turn did better
than American students.The study collected
information on the students’ teachers and homes.Not surprisingly,the
highest scoring students had well educated parents or came from
homes containing study aids
such as computers,dictionaries or even such elementary facilities
as desks.The study shows that boys generally did better than girls
in science,but there was little difference between them in maths.Boys
scored better than girls in physics and chemistry.There were no
sex differences in the life and environmental sciences.In addition
to be intested,students in the project were asked how proficient
they thought they were in maths and science.Students in some countries
such as Columbia and Kuwait had an overly optimistic view of their
skills.
Meanwhile some of the best students from Japan and Korea,for example,were
needlessly pessimistic, even though they did far better in maths
than almost all other students.
17.Of the four groups of students,who scored the lowest in maths
according to the survey?18.What kind of students are most likely
to become top scorers?
19.In what way do Columbia students differ from Japanese students?
20.In which subject did boys score higher than girls?
1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.C
11.D 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.A
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】这是一篇说明文。短文论述了二十世纪二三十年代美国农业所面临的困境及政府所采取的种种措施，以帮助农业摆脱困境。第一段论述了美国农业面临的困境、产生困境的原因及其对农民所造成的灾难性后果。第二段谈到政府为振兴农业所采取的措施。第三段说的是30年代罗斯福总统执政后采取的通过立法手段恢复农业经济的两个阶段的措施。
21B 事实判断题。问题：引起美国的农产品需求量下降的原因是什么?文章的第一段第一句指出：由于欧洲国家的经济在第一次世界大战后开始复苏，所以他们减少了农产品的进口，致使对美国的农产品需求量下降。句中“as”即是这一因果关系的关键词。A)有一定的迷惑性，它只是加重这一现象的原因而并非所直接导致。C)，D)则明显与短文内容相悖。正确答案为B）。
22C 事实判断题。问题：在20年代美国政府在农业领域首要关注的是什么?根据题意，命题点在第二段：政府采取手段直接干预农业供需矛盾，建立第一个全国性的委员会，既为农民提供更大的经济稳定性，又预防农民破产。A)、D)项短文未提及；B)项所指的是第三段的内容。因此C)是正确答案。
23A 事实判断题。问题：美国调整农业的法案是为了鼓励农民什么?第三段：继任总统所采取的具体措施，如：通过一项法案，授予农业部长一定权力，他可与农民订立自愿协议书，农民使土地休耕而政府给他们进行补偿，以防止农民破产。B)，C)项均属政府行为，而非鼓励农民自己去做的事。D)项与文章内容有出入。
24D 事实判断题。问题：美国高等法院反对农业法案是因为他们认为法案怎么样?根据题意，命题点在第三段第五句：该法案被宣布违宪是因为用对公众征收的税去支付给一个特殊的群体。另外文章倒数第二句也从另一角度论证答案D)的合理性。该法案以保护水土的名义被通过，因为水土保护符合全民的利益，并非以牺牲其他公民的利益为代价来维护农民的利益。A)不属本题要点范围。B)，C)显然不合理。25B
要点归纳题。问题：新通过的法案的立法目的是什么?根据题意，命题点在文章的第三段。虽然美国最高法院拒绝了第一个法案，但却通过了第二个法案。其理由是通过使土地休耕和防洪治水的措施来达到保护水土的目的。说明罗斯福政府通过新法案的目的在于保留土壤，这是符合国家的长远利益的。因此答案选B）。
Passage Two
【短文大意】这是一篇科普性说明文，主要阐述了关于人工智能研究所遇到的问题和困难、发展方向及其根源。第一段：通过五十年代人工智能先驱者的预言与当今现实脱节这一事实指出人工智能研究所面临的问题。第二段：论及这一问题的症结：“try
to separate the most abstract levels of thought and duplicate them
with logical programs”。接着提出崭新的人工智能研究设想：把人工智能研究与自然智能的进化、生物细胞蛋白质、人脑的神经系统的研究结合起来。第三段：论述了生物理学家对自己这方面研究的评论、发现、启发和设想。最后一段：作者对这一全新的人工智能研究开发方法的评论和总结。
26D 事实判断题。问题：作者说今后最先进的计算机能够做什么。命题点在第一段。该段第二句指出尽管计算机的功能已经很强大，但它们仍然不能完成像早期预言者预言的那样进行像人类一样的行为，更不用说能像人类一样进行沟通这样复杂的事情。最先进的计算机想辨认一件物体的形状都是困难，而这对于一个十个月的孩子来说却只不过是基本的能力。选项A）中“are
capable of reliably recognizing…”与短文中“struggle to reliably recognize…”(努力，竭力，试图)不一致。B）项不对，第二句中明确指出：“尽管计算机的功能已经很强大，但它们仍然不能完成像早期预言者预言的
那样进行像人类一样的行为”。C)项不对是因为：其一，在效能上(performance)，当今电脑与50年代的电脑相差甚大；其二，本文探讨的是人工智能，而非电脑的一般效能。选择答案时应紧扣短文内容，故正确答案只能是D)。
27B 判断推论题：问题：人工智能研究中的新方向起源于什么?第二段指出在AI研究中所犯的错误在于：一直试图努力分开最高最抽象色思维水平，如语言和数学，并想用逻辑的一步一步的程序来复制它。而新的工人智能研究方向则是更多地关注于自然智能与人工智能之间的迂回曲折的关系。故正确答案非B）莫属。
28C 要点推论题。问题：Conrad和他的人工智能研究人员正在努力做什么?命题点在第三段。根据Conrad对自己研究的评述“say”，研究中的发现“examples”，假设“believe”，与断言“claim”：“Imitating
the brain’s neural network is a huge step in the right direction”，可归纳推断出他们是在自然智能如何发展这一方面的研究中做出了巨大的努力，向着正确的方向迈出了一大步，故答案为C)。
29B 作者的观点、态度推论题。文章最后一段是作者对人工智能研究新方向的总结，其中隐含着作者的观点。另外，文章第二段最后一句中“promising”、“surely”、第三段第一句中“a
huge step in the right direction”都流露出了作者对人工智能研究运动的肯定。选项A中的“will
soon die out”、C)项中的“like a game rather than”及D项中“nobody is sure”均含否定意义，与短文内容相抵，故正确答案为B)。
30A 短语辨析题。问题：与the only game in town意义最相近的选项是哪个?短语中关键词：game有多种词义：游戏，方法规则，策略，计谋，方针，行动步骤等。阅读中应依据上下文语境做出正确理解。B)项重点在获奖；C)项侧重于研究领域范围；D)项只不过是与短语意义相同的不同表达方式罢了。本文主要讨论研究方法和途径，故A）项正确，命题点在第三段的最后一句：The
best way to build an artificially intelligent device…。
Passage Three
【短文大意】本文为议论文。作者首先讨论了汽车的使用所带来的问题，比如能量的消耗、环境污染、温室效应等。在美国，汽车的耗油量占了整个汽油消耗量的一半；一半的城市污染和1/4的温室效应是由汽车排放的气体所造成。接着作者就解决这些问题可采取的措施进行了分析。
31B 要得到此问题答案必须读懂第一段第三句“As vehicle use continues to increase in
the coming decade,the US and other countries will have to deal with
these issuse or else face unacceptable economic,health-related and
political costs.”，意思是：随着今后十年小汽车使用量的增加，美国和其他国家将不得不解决这些问题(即前面所说的小汽车消耗能量，所排放气体污染城市环境以及导致温室效应等)，他们还会面临难以承受的经济、健康和政治费用问题。由此可见，选项B)汽车的增加对各国的生活有严重的影响符合题意。
32C 此题问美国不得不解决汽车使用所带来的问题的原因是什么，答案在第一段的最后一句。原句的意思是：石油的价格不太可能保持目前的低价位，其他的国家也不太可能容忍美国对全球气候变化造成的影响。其意为C)，即其他国家将反对美国导致温室效应日益增多的废气排放。
33C 答案在第二段第二句The last of these-in particular the introduction of
vehicles powered by electricity-is ultimately the only sustainable
option.(电动汽车的使用是最终可行的选择)，选项C)符合题意：哪一种措施是解决文中所提到的问题的最佳办法。
34A 本题问：下列哪一个措施对解决造成温室效应的废气排放虽然有用但是效果不大。根据第三段的最后一句(替代性的燃料，如天然气，以其价格的低廉可被用于内燃机。但是它对于减少环境污染和废气排入所起作用不大)，选A)合理。
35B 问题是：根据这篇文章下列陈述哪一个是真实的。做这一类题需要对整篇文章的大意有所了解。A)的意思是：西欧国家用车量的增加是因为公交用车的减少。B)的意思是：尽管燃料的价格很高，西欧国家的汽车还是很流行。C)的意思是：在人口密集的西欧国家，汽车使用的减少是唯一可行的办法。D)的意思是：西欧国家石油公司没有足够的财力开发新型燃料。只有B)符合文章的意义，选B)正确。
Passage Four
【短文大意】这是一篇论叙文，介绍著名Reebok鞋业公司的生产定位及营销手段。文章共分四段，第一段讲述Reebok鞋业公司主要生产的运动鞋种类，第二段为Reebok鞋的消费群体所属，第三段说明过去几年里Reebok鞋业公司不得不限制其分销商的数量原因何在，第四段是Reebok鞋业公司未来生产的走向。
36A 此题问的是：Reebok鞋业公司的高层人士不喜欢他们的鞋被称作雅皮士的鞋的一个原因是什么。根据第一段第二句“They
contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments,especially
now that the company offers basketball and children’s shoes for
the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested
in aerobics or running.”他们争辩道，Reebok鞋适合不同的消费群体。特别是现在，公司已生产出适合18岁以下消费群体的篮球鞋和儿童鞋，以及适合不喜欢健身运动和跑步的老年人的跑鞋。由此看来，A)应是最佳选项。本题的最大障碍是选项C)，少数学生可能会从yuppies来猜测Reebok鞋业公司的高层人士不喜欢他们的鞋被称作雅皮士的鞋的原因，需
要注意的是文章并未就yuppies发表作者的观点，所以选C)是没有根据的。
37D 此题为推理题。问题是：“Reebok鞋业公司认为‘消费者通过鞋的分销商的质量来判断鞋的质量’暗含什么样的意思”，要找出此题的答案，必须把问题所在的整个句子读懂。根据第二段最后一句：价格在27美元到85美元的Reebok鞋，一律只在较好的专卖店，体育用品店和百货商店出售，这样可以看出‘消费者通过鞋的分销商的质量来判断鞋的质量’的心理。可见，D)为最佳答案。
38A 答案可在第三段的第一句和第二句找到。
39C 问题是：Reebok鞋业公司解决了满足定单的问题后还仍然怎么样?根据第三段第三句“These fulfillment
problems seem to be under control now,but the company is still selective
about its distributors.”满足定单的问题解决了，但是公司仍然严格挑选他们的分销商，可以判断C)是正确答案。
40D 本题是：Reebok鞋业公司从Nike的分销问题上得出了什么教训。文章最后一段最后一句提供了正确答案的依据。本句意思是：Reebok鞋业公司希望避免Nike鞋业公司几年前出现的那种问题，当时Nike鞋业公司错误地判断了健身鞋的热销，最后不得不通过打折来处理大量的库存的跑步鞋。选D)符合题意。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41B 对许多病来说，慈善机构的护理是一种最合适、最有益的护理方法。形容词语义辨析题。A)pertinent有关的，中肯的，贴切的。如：The
students made some pertinent comments on the teaching material.学生们对教材提出了一些中肯的意见。B)appropriate适当的，适合的；C)acute敏锐的，精明的；急性的；严重的。例如：He
is acute as a businessman.他是个精明的商人。又如：The report has caused acute
embarrassment to the government.这份报告给政府带来了严重的尴尬局面。D)persistent持续的。四个选项中只有B)项符合句意。
42A 在大量妇女加入劳动大军而导致的所有变化中，妇女本身发生的转变也是非常重要的。该题测试形容词与名词的搭配的用法。A)massive巨大的，大量的。如：We
must make massive efforts to improve the living conditions.(我们必须作出巨大的努力来改善生活条件)。故为正确答案。B)quantitative数量多的；C)surplus多余的，剩余的；D)formidable令人畏惧的，可怕的；难以克服的；(工作、问题等)棘手的，如：He
is doing a formidable task others are unwilling to do。(他正在做其他人不愿去做的棘手的工作。)
43D 当有人暗示史密斯先生犯了错误时，他变得很愤怒。形容词辨析题。A)ingenious机灵的，灵巧的；有独创性的，巧妙的。如：The
campers thought of an ingenious why to cross the river without a
bridge.；B)empirical经验主义的，以经验为根据的，从观察或经验中得来的。如：The scientist also
considered the empirical evidence before writing a report.；C)objective客观的；D)indignant气愤的，愤慨的。如：You
needn’t be so indignant over such a triviality.你不必为这么点微不足道的小事而如此气愤。D)indignant常考点为be
indignant at (over,about) sth“对某事感到愤慨
”，“be indignant with sb”对某人表示愤慨，又如：She was indignant at the unfair
dismissal.她对于那不正当的解雇感到气愤。
44A 谣言四起，散布着恐惧，损坏了名誉，使平静的局面变得混乱。形容词语义理解题。A)turbulent骚乱的，混乱的；如：a
turbulent period of history历史上动荡不安的时期；a turbulent crowd暴乱的人群。B)tragic悲剧的，悲惨的；C)vulnerable脆弱的，易受伤的，易受攻击的；如：The
company would be in a vulnerable position.常考点为 be vulnerable to,如：be
vulnerable to criticism易受到批评；D)suspicious怀疑的，可疑的。常考点为be suspicious
of 如：I’ve always been very suspicious of his motives.我一直怀疑他的动机。
45D 生与死这一永恒的循环对科学家和哲学家来说是一个有趣的主题。形容词与名词的搭配题。A)incompatible不相容的，不协调的，不相配的。如：I
don’t think either of them was to blame:they were just incompatible.又如：His
behaviour has been incompatible with his role as head of the state.他的行为和他作为州政府领袖的职责不相配。B)exceeding超越的；C)instantaneous即时的，瞬间的，如：an
instantaneous response即刻的反应；D)eternal永恒的，永远的。如：Rome has been called
the eternal City.罗马被称为永恒的城市。
46C 她保持着自信，很乐观地不为目前的问题所烦恼。A)indefinitely不确定地；B)infinitely无穷地，无限地；远，甚。如：Living
in the country is infinitely preferable to living in London.在这个乡村生活远远地强于在伦敦生活。常考点为形容词的用法，如The
storm caused infinite damage那场暴风雨造成了极大危害；D)seemingly表面地，外观地、似乎；如：The
road was dusty and seemingly endless.；C)optimistically乐观地。根据上文“她自信”，所以她“乐观”，符合逻辑。形容词是optimistic
乐观的，乐观主义的 如：The president says he is optimistic that an agreement
can be worked out.常考点为be optimistic about 如： He is highly optimistic
about the findings of his survey.他对调查的结果非常乐观。
47A 光纤电缆能够同时承担几百部电话交换任务。副词语义理解与辨析题。A)simultaneously同时地，同时发生地，同时存在地。如：simultaneously
interpretation 同声翻译；B)spontaneously自发地，自然地，如：Lousia made an ingenious
decision to board a train for London to visit her aunt spontaneously.又如：There
was spontaneous applause at the end of Mary’s speech.玛丽演讲结束后人们自发地鼓起掌来。；C)homogeneously同类地，同性质地；D)contemporarily同时代地。48B
警方得到报警，逃犯可能就在附近。名词上下文语义辨析题。B)in the vicinity在附近的 The students’ residential
district is in close vicinity to the sportsground.学生住宅区靠近操场。C)in
the court 在法庭上；A)in vain无效的；徒劳，白辛苦。如：We tried to persuade him to
stay at home,but in vain,he went to the construction site in spite
of his bad illness.我们试图劝他呆在家里，但徒劳的是他不顾身患重病仍到建筑工地去。D)in the jail在监狱里。
49B 无论你是为了吃而活着还是为了活着而吃，食物都是每个家庭预算中一项重要的消费项目。名词语义理解题。A)nutrition营养，B)expenditure消费，消耗；C)routine常规，如：Mark
longed to escape from the same old familiar routine；D)provision供应，条款。如：There
is no provision for any change in the plan.没有允许对计划作任何修改的条款。
50D 近来《科学》杂志上有篇论文提出岩石中的有机化学物大多数来自于地球上的污染，而不是来自于火星上的细菌。名词形近、近义词辨析题。A)configuration形状，外貌，轮廓，B)constitution宪法，体质，体格；物的一部分；政治制度，常考点为动词用法，如：People
with strong constitutions are not often sick.体格健壮的人不常生病。C)condemnation责难，谴责，判罪，判刑，如：The
judge condemned the man to life imprisonment.法官判此人为终身监禁；D)contamination污染，弄脏，污秽之物。如：radioactive
contamination放射性污染。又如：The water contamination was caused
by improper waste management.水污染是由不适宜的废物管理引起的。
51C 季节的交替过程中有许多令我欣赏的东西，但我最喜爱的是秋冬之交。同前缀形近名词辨析题。A)transmission传播，传送，传导；如：the
transmission of news/disease/a radio or TV programme传播消息/疾病/传送广播电视节目。B)transformation变形，变化，转变，
改革，如：The accident caused a transformation in his character.(那次事故使他的性格发生变化)；又如：In
the last five years he has undergone a personal transformation.C)transition
转移，变迁，过度，又如：The health-care system is in transition at the moment.(医疗保健制度处于片刻的转变期)；D)transfer迁移，转换，调动。如：Father
arranged for his transfer to another school.父亲把他转到另一学校。此词的常考点为动词，如：He
was transferred to another department.他已被调到另一部门。
52C 在我们有可能犯一个代价沉重的大错以前，我想我们有必要去咨询一下投资顾问。名词语义理解题。A)guide向导；B)entrepreneur企业家；C)consultant顾问。如：an
investment consultant投资顾问。常考点为动词consult，意指“请教，向……咨询；查阅，查看”。如：I’ll
do nothing without consulting you.我干什么事都会和你商量，又如：I regularly consult
a dictionary.我经常查词典。D)assessor (财产、税款、收入等)估价员，估税员，常考点为动词assess，意指“评定，确定”，如：The
insurers need to assess the flood damage.这位承保人需要估计洪水的损失。C)侧重于提供
专家意见的人，故答案为C)。
53B 这套公寓的租约将于一年之内到期。名词与介词搭配题。A)treaty条约；B)lease(土地或房屋等)租约，常与介词on连用。如：I
took a house on a lease of five years.我已订了5年租房子的合同；C)engagement约定，婚约，约会。常考点为make
an engagement with与……约定，如：I have made a lunch engagement with my
uncle.我与我叔父约好一同吃午餐；D)subsidy津贴，补助金，资助金。如：a subsidy for education教育津贴。
54A 年老的俄罗斯公民发现仅靠政府发放的养老金生活很艰难。名词语义理解与相关词语辨析题。A)pension养老金，抚恤金，退休金。如：retire
on a pension领取养老金退休。B)earning 赚得的钱；收入，工资；(公司等的)收益，如：annual earnings(年收入)；C)salary薪水；D)donation捐赠物，捐献，捐款。常考点为动词donate“捐赠，赠送”，如：How
much does the average person donate to charity per year?每年平均每个人向慈善机构捐赠多少钱?
55D 应该有一种使火车不能相撞的安全设置。名词语义理解与相关词语辨析题。A)appliance工具，器械，电器，指各种家用电器，如洗衣机，电冰箱等，或实验室及医院所有的各种器械。如：She
has all the modern labour-saving kitchen appliances.她有各种省力的厨房设备；B)accessory附件，配件；C)machine机器，机械；D)mechanism机械装置，机械作用，机构，机制。指一种小型简单的机器，或简单的机械装置，也可指大机器中的运转系统，作结构讲。见前例，如：the
brake mechanism刹车装置。根据句意“安全装置”，四个选项中只有D)符合。又如：I can’t understand
the mechanism of this machine.我无法理解这部机器的结构。
56D 同样的工作做了四年以后，他的热情最终消失了。这是一道词义辨析题。A)deteriorate恶化，使恶化。如：The relationship
between the two countries deteriorated last year.去年这两个国家的关系恶化了。B)disperse解放，分散，传播，散开。如：The
thieves dispersed the moment the police showed up.警察一来，小偷们就四散而去。C)dissipate驱散，消散，消失。如：The
view is the best before the clouds dissipate.云未消散时，景色是最好的。D)drain排出，排水，吸尽，耗尽；drain的搭配为：drain
sb of sth耗尽某人的某物；消耗。如：He is drained of his energy.他已是精力全无。The king
drained his people of their money and properties.国王搜刮国民的钱财。57A
如果得不到充足的睡眠，没有人能正确地工作。这是一道词义辨析的搭配的混合题。A)deprive;剥夺，使丧失。deprive的搭配为：deprive
sb of sth.剥夺，使丧失；如：Their activities deprived the enemy of the power
to resist.他们的活动使敌人丧失了抵抗力。B)rip撕，扯，剥，划破。rip的搭配为rip up/rip off 撕，扯，剥，划破。如：Charlie
ripped the buttons off the coat and threw them on the road.查理把扣子从衣服上扯下扔在了路上。C)strip被剥去，脱衣服。strip的搭配为：strip
sb of sth.剥夺某人某物，如：These trees became skeletons stripped of their
bark.这些树被剥掉树皮后都成了光杆。D)contrive发明，设计，图谋，造出。其搭配为：contrive to do设法做到，如：You
must contrive to solve this problem within tomorrow.你必须设法在明天之内解决这一问题。
58C 许多年来，那个偏远国家的人民一直受到独裁者的压迫。这是一道词义辨析题。A)depress使沮丧，使萧条，压低。B)immerse沉浸于，沉浸，使陷入。immerse的搭配为immerse
in,如：The whole country was immersed in a sad atmosphere.全国沉浸在悲哀的气氛中。C)oppress压迫，压抑；如：We
firmly object the idea that the poor is to be oppressed.我们坚决反对没有钱就要受压迫的观点。D)curse咒骂，恶骂，诅咒。
59D 工业化兴起以后，教育被调整为培养工人的教育。这是一道词义辨析的搭配和混合题。A)harness束以马具治理，利用。B)hatch
孵出，孵化，策划出。C)motivate:刺激，促动，给予动机；motivate的搭配为；motivate sb to do sth.促动某人做某事，如：How
to motivate the students do what a teacher wants them to do is worth
studying.怎样激发学生做老师想要他们做的事值得研究。D)gear使适合，适合。gear 的搭配为：gear…to使适合，适合；如：All
around development must be geared to the needs of the society.素质教育必须适应社会的需要。
60A 价格将持续上涨的预测引起了人们不安。这是一道词义辨析题。A)provoke激怒；惹起，驱使。His encouragement
provoked our interest to study foreign language.他的鼓励激起了我们学习外语的兴趣。B)
irritate激怒；C)inspire激励，引起，产生，激起；激发。搭配为：inspire…in…启示，鼓舞；如：The old
man’s words inspired confidence in us.老人的一番话使我们信心百倍。D)hoist升起，扯起来。Before
sailing,they hoisted the flag of their country.出航之前，他们升起了国旗。
61B 犯罪嫌疑人声称案发时他不在附近。这是一道词义辨析题。A)advocate提倡，主张，拥护。We don’t advocate
building skyscrapers.我们不主张修建摩天大楼。B)allege声称，宣称：如：We can believe
that he hasn’t made the call because he alleged that he hasn’t.我们不能因为他自己说没有打电话就相信他没有打电话。C)address演说；沟通；讨论。The
president of the school will address at the rally.学校的校长将在群众大会上讲话。D)announce宣布，显示，预告。如：The
news about the killing of the king was announced by BBC.有关国王被杀的消息由英国广播电台发布了。
62C 虽然殖民者一定程度上与美国土著人相融合，但是印第安人对美国文化和语言的影响不大。这是一道词义辨析和搭配的混合题。A)migrate迁移，移居定期，迁徙。migrate的搭配为：migrate
from...to …=to move from one country,region,or place to another迁移，移居定期，迁徙；如：He
migrated from Mexico to the US in 1970.1970年他随父母从墨西哥移居到美国。B)match等同于，比得,和…相称匹配。C)mingle混合，使混合。mingle的搭配为：mingle
sth. with sth.=to mix or combine;blend混合，使混合，如：The cheers of the
audiences mingled with the beating of the drums.听众的欢呼声与鼓声交织在一起。D)melt融解；熔化；混合。如：The
sugar melts in the mouth.糖一进嘴就化了。
63C 电子邮件是一种快捷、高度民主的传送信息的非正式手段，它非常符合人们的需要。这是一道词义辨析和搭配的混合题。A)adhere粘着。adhere的搭配为：adhere
to=to stay with;be faithful to坚持，固守，依附，如：The Party Central Committee
with Comrade Jiang Zemin at the core,adhering to the principle of
“placing equal emphasis on material progress and ethical and cultural
progress,with neither aspects neglected”,has promoted ethical and
cultural progress in all fields.以江泽民同志为核心的党中央，坚持“两手抓，两手都要硬”的方针，在众多方面加强精神文明建设。B)reflect反射，表达，思考，想到。C)conform符合，遵守，使一致。conform的搭配有：conform
to 符合；如：When you are in Rome,do as the Romans.You should conform
yourself to the new customs here.入乡随俗，你得使自己适应新风俗。D)satisfy满足，使满意，照看。satisfy后常直接加宾语；如：It’s
difficult to satisfy a miser’s desires.要满足一个吝啬鬼的愿望很难。
64C 鸟被击落后翅膀还在扇动。这是一道词义辨析题。A)slap掴，拍击。slap后常直接跟宾语，如：Father slapped
me in the face because I’d told a lie.因为我撒了谎，爸爸给了我一个耳光。B)scratch刮破，抓破，涂写。The
cat,who had scratched the new sofa,got a good beat.猫把新沙发抓破了，被好好打了一顿。C)flap飘动，拍打；如：Look
at the eagle flapping its wings,it’s mine.看那只振翅飞翔的鹰，那是我养的鹰。D)fluctuate波动，变动，动摇；如：The
value of the dollar fluctuated last month.美元上个月的价值不稳定。
65B 贸易限制方面的意见分歧将严重威胁两国的关系。这是一道词义辨析题。A)tumble倒台，倒塌，下跌。如：He didn’t
see the big stone and fell off the bicycle.他没有看到那块大石头，所以从自行车上掉了下来。B)jeopardize
危害，使陷入危机；如：All you have done will jeopardize the benefits of our
team.你所做的一切会严重危害我们小组的利益。C)manipulate操作，应付，利用。If you can not menipulate
the electric devices,you can’t get the job.如果你不能操作电器装置，你就得不到这个工作。D)intimidate恐吓，威胁，胁迫。如：The
enemy’s threatening cannot intimidate the brave people.敌人的威胁吓不倒勇敢的人民。
66C 你贴墙纸时，是把边缘折叠起来还是把他们紧挨着?这是一道词义辨析题。A)coincide(在时间、空间方面)恰好相合，一致，相符。如：My
work time doesn’t coincide with yours.我和你不是同时上班。B)extend 伸，延长，扩大，给予。如：The
dog fell asleep with its body extended on the mat.狗伸展着身子躺在垫子上睡着了。C)overlap交搭，迭盖，部分一致，部分巧合。如：His
holidays and mine overlaps.他的假期有几天与我重迭。D)collide(车、船等)猛撞，冲突。如：The
two ships collided and six people died during the collision.两船相撞，有六人死亡。collide的搭配为：collide
with 冲突，抵触。
67D 在现行体制下，国有企业必须将全部利润上缴国家。本题考动词词组辨别。A)turn down翻下，关小，拒绝。如：The
committee turned down our suggestions.委员会拒绝考虑我们的建议。B)turn up发现，出现，突然发生，证明是，参考，翻掘，卷起，到达，开大(煤气等)，拐入，如：Something
unexpect
ed turned up.The teacher fainted in front of the blackboard.发生了意想不到的事。老师突然晕倒在黑板前。C)turn
out 打扫，驱逐，生产，翻出，关(灯、煤气等)，出来，结果(是)。如：The cows are turned out to eat
grass when the day breaks.天一亮，牛就被放出来吃草。D)turn in拐入，交出，上缴，告发。如：We
should turn in everything captured.我们应该把一切缴获的东西上缴。He saw the postman
turn in at the entrance.他看见邮递员从入口处进去。
68B 美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力，炼油工人和石油装备生产工人正在被裁减。本题考动词词组辨别。A)lay out展开，布置，安排，投资。如：The
millionaire intended to lay out a large sum of money in purchasing
the insurance.这个百万富翁打算花一大笔钱买保险。B)lay off(暂时)解雇，停止工作，休息，放弃。如：The
doctor told him to lay off for two weeks before sailing.医生叫他休息两周再继续航行。C)lay
down放下，规定，制订(计划，规划，原则等)。如：We are determined to fulfill the fighting
tasks laid down by the Party.我们一定完成党所规定的战斗任务。D)lay
aside把……放在一边，把…搁置起来，积蓄。如：The proposals of the Ministry of Education
were laid aside.教育厅的提议被搁置一旁。
69.A 我们住在你的房子里，就会对房子所造成的任何损害进行赔偿。这是一道词义辨析题。A)compensate补偿；compensate的搭配为：compensate
for 赔偿；如：Let me compensate you for the troubles I brought.让我来对给你造成麻烦进行赔偿。B)remedy修缮，修补，纠正，改善。如：Your
mistake of spelling can be remedied if you try your best.如果你尽力的话，拼写的错误是可以纠正的。C)supplement补充，增补。如：The
farmers supplement natural fertilizer with chemical fertilizer.农民们用化肥补充天然肥料。D)retrieve找回，取回，恢复，检索。如：After
a day’s rest,he retrieved his spirits.休息一天后，他的精神恢复了。
70B 她把头发剪得很短，想把自己打扮成个男人。这是一道词义辨析题。A)decorate装饰。They spent 390,000
yuan decorating the house.他们花了三十九万元装修房子。B)disguise伪装，隐瞒，假装；如：The
doctor disguised Maria as a nun.医生把玛丽扮成了一个修女。C)fabricate构造，制造，发明，捏造。如：These
rumors were fabricated.这些谣言是捏造的。D)fake伪造，伪装，假装，效仿，赝造。如：He made his
living by faking famous painters.他靠赝造名人的画谋生。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
71on→ by 要找到本题的问题所在，必须仔细阅读整个句子。原句意为“我们就此问了一位女士，女士说，她认为可以根据人们占据空间的情况来判断一个人是否有礼貌。”well-mannered有礼貌的；tell…by…根据……判断……；搭配tell…on
the way不对。
72 unaware→ aware 根据上下文，此句意思应为“这样的人(把前面所说的有礼貌的人)在街上走时，会不断地意识到其他人的存在。”(所以他们从来不会撞到别人身上)。如果用unaware则不符合逻辑。73as
→ than more…than…为固定搭配，意思是“倒不如说；与其说……不如说……”；例如：The child was more
shocked than hurt.孩子的伤倒没什么，只是吓得不轻。
74it → which it引导的部分显然一个定语从句，修饰前面的story。由于定语从句前面有逗号，这个定语从句应为非限制性定语从句，根据非限制性定语从句的要求，引导词为which而不是it。
75at → in one指代country,in the country是正确的答案。
76hasn’t →hadn’t 根据上下文，此句的时态应为过去完成时，所以hasn’t 改成hadn’t。
77American → Arab 由上下文来看，本句意思应该是“如果他对阿拉伯人的饮食习惯有所了解，他的行为举止就会更有礼貌。”
而不是“如果他对美国人的饮食习惯有所了解，他的行为举止就会更有礼貌。”所以把American 改为Arab。
78as → like 本句的意思应为“他面前放着一片极薄的面包，在他看来，面包就像餐巾一样薄”，as做介词时意为“作为”，like才有“像一样”之意，所以改as为like。
79falls → fell 此处为明显的时态错误。fall应为过去时，而不是一般现在时。
80of[KG-*4/5]／ say是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，所以去掉of。
Part Ⅴ Writing
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component
of the College English Test (CET).We have all taken,and are thus
familiar with,English tests of many kinds,but so far most of them
are written ones.Have you any idea of what a spoken English test
will be like,and is it necessary to go to all the trouble to hold
or take such a test?People differ in their answers.Many people will
think it necessary.They know that although they have taken doze
ns,even hundreds,of English tests ever since they started learning
it and many even have got surprisingly high marks,few of them can
express themselves freely in spoken English.And if people can’t
speak a word of it,what’s the sense of learning it and what do those
high marks mean?They’re none but deaf-and-mutes before the native
speakers.Furthermore,with so many college graduates and undergraduates
having passed CET 4 and CET6,a test of spoken English is a further
way to tell the excellent from the not so excellent.Finally,it is
viewed as a new challenge to those who “live and learn.”There are,however,also
people who think differently.Besides the aims in preparation for
such a new kind of test,there is also the uncertainty about the
reliability and objectivity of the marking system,which may depend
mainly on human (and thus subjective) scoring instead of on machine
scoring,as in the case of a stand
ardized objective such as CET4 and CET6.At the prospect of this
optional test,I feel encouraged and regard it as a welcome challenge
and another opportunity to improve my language ability and career
potentials.I am determined to practise my oral English more often,and
if I am qua
lified for such a test,I will not hesitate a moment to appply for
it.
2000年1月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. M: I hope I won’t oversleep. I’ve simply got to catch the first
to New York.
W: If I were you, I’d request the wake-up call from the hotel reception.
Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?
2. M: Next, shouldn’t we get a telephone installed in the hall?
W: Fixing the shower pipe is far more important.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
3.M: I’ve noticed that you get letters from Canada from time to
time. Would you mind saving the stamps for me? My sister collects
them.
W: My roommates already asked for them.
Q: What does the woman imply?
4. M: What’s the matter? You’ve been sitting there for ages, just
staring into space.
W: I told the Brownings I’d send them a postcard. Now I don’t know
what to say.
Q: What is the woman doing?
5. M: My chemistry project is in trouble. My partner and I have
totally different ideas about how to proceed.
W: You should try to meet each other half way.
Q: What does the woman suggest?
6. M: I’m frustrated. We are supposed to do our assignment on the
computer. But I have difficulty getting access to the computers
in the library.
W: I understand the way you feel. I’m looking forward to the day
when I can afford to get my own.
Q: What does the woman mean?
7. M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight but Dr. Johnson
doesn’t seem to think much of him.
W: That’s because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school
of thought.
Q: What do we learn from the woman’s remark?
8. M: I’m sorry I missed the football game. But I had a terrible
cold.
W: You didn’t miss anything. We couldn’t have played worse.
Q: What does the woman mean?
9.M: I think I’m going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.
W: Just because you lost, is that the reason to quit?
Q: What does the woman imply?
10. M: Jane, what would you do if you were on vacation overseas
and lost all your money and credit cards?
W: Well, I guess I’d probably sell my watch and camera…Or I might
get a job as a waitress somewhere till I made enough money to buy
a plant ticket to return home.
Q: What are they talking about?
Section B
Passage One
Most people know what a hot dog is. It’s a sausage in a roll. But
do you know why it’s called a hot dog? Well, the long red sausage
which goes into a hot dog is called a “frankfurter”; it got its
name from the German town Frankfurt. The sausages were very popular,
but hot frankfurters were difficult to sell in crowds. One man,
Harry Stevens, had the job of feeding the crowds in baseball games.
He had an idea. Why not put the frankfurters in long, hot bread
rolls? This made them easy to sell. The “red hots” had a hot and
attractive taste and became very popular. But, in 1903, an American
cartoonist drew a long German sausage dog in place of the frankfurter,
so a frankfurter in a roll soon became known as a “hot dog ”. It
was a joke, but some people really thought the sausages contained
dog meat! For a while, sales of hot dogs fell but not for long.
11. What is a frankfurter?
12. What was Harry Steven’s job?
13. Why did the sales of hot dogs decrease for some time?
Passage Two
We all scream for water when thirsty. But do you know in very hot,
dry weather plants also make faint sounds—as if they’re crying out
for help? You see, in a plant’s stem there’re hundreds of “water
pipes ”that bring water and minerals from the soil all the way up
to the leaves. As the ground turns dry, it becomes harder and harder
for the plants to do this.In severe droughts, plants have to fight
to pull out any water available. Scientist Robert Winter has found
out that when it is really bad their water pipes snap from the tension
like rudder bands. When that happens, the whole plant vibrates a
little. The snapping pipes make noises 10,000 times more quiet than
a whisper.Robert knows that healthy, well-watered plants are quiet.
He also knows that many insects prefer attacking dry plants rather
than healthy plants. How do the insects know which are healthy plants
and which are not? Robert thinks that the insects may listen for
the plants that cry. And then they may buzz in to kill.To test his
theory, Robert is using a device that can imitate plant cries. He
attaches it to a quiet, healthy plant so the plant sounds thirsty.
Then he watches insects to see if they attack more often than usual.
If he is right, scientists could use the insects’ ability against
them. They
could build traps that imitate crying plants. So when the insects
buzz in to eat, they won’t buzz out.
14.What do plants do when they are thirsty?
15.What plants do many insects tend to attack?
16.What could scientists do if Robert’s theory proves to be true?
Passage Three
People enjoy taking trips, but what are the reasons they leave home?
One reason is for education. People travel because they want to
broaden their horizons to learn about other people and other places.
They are curious about other cultures. When people are tourists,
they get a quick look at different ways of living. Even a short
look at another kind of lifestyle is an important lesson. On a trip,
a person can learn directly —— by visiting museums and historic
spots. What does a tourist learn who sees the art museums, visits
the historical palaces and other scenic spots in Paris, and shops
along the River Seine? He gets a vivid picture —— a real-life one
—— of the French people. He learns about their attitudes, how they
feel about business, beauty, and history. What about the tourist
who goes to Hong Kong? Does he get the same informat
ion that he could get from a book? He might read that Hong Kong
is crowded, that there is less than 200 square meters of space for
each person, but seeing and feeling the lack of space will impress
him much more. He might read that there are nearly 200 vehicles
for every kilometer of roadway, but the sight of so many vehicles
parked along the roadside will be a much more vivid lesson. The
tourist to Hong Kong will never forget the contrasts —— the straight
vertical lines of the tall modern buildings and the moving lines
of boats that the people live in.
17.Why do people leave home to travel according to the passage?
18.What do we learn from the passage about Paris?
19.What impression will a tourist get of Hong Kong?
20.What does the passage tell us about travelling?
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5. C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C
11．C 12．A 13．B 14. A 15．D 16．D 17．D 18．C 19．A 20．B
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】这是一篇有关娱乐界的一种称之为“脱口秀”的访谈节目的议论文。这类节目充斥白天电视节目的分分秒秒，它们在风格上和编排上各不相同，但是，没有任何两套在内容上大相径庭而又能雄居榜首的访谈节目能比得上Jerry
Springer 和 Oprah Winfrey 主持的“脱口秀”。接下来作者对这两套节目作了具体而鲜明的对比：Jerry Springer主持的访谈节目简直是“废话大王”，他的节目内容展示和宣扬社会道德的沦落；Oprah
Winfrey主持的“脱口秀”却是另一个极端，他节目的主题都集中在如何改善社会和个人的生活品质方面。最后作者得出结论：尽管这两套节目有着天壤之别,但都各有一批忠实的观众。
21．B 推断题。本题考查考生的综合推理能力。这篇文章虽然对两位电视访谈节目主持人的节目内容作了具体而鲜明的对比，但也反复强调他们的节目都“standing
out above the rest”（第一段最后一句中间），“Each one caters to a different audience
while both have a strong following from large groups of fans ”（第六段第二句），他们的节目不仅“ruled
the talk show circuit for many years now”（第六段第一句），而且“both could
be considered pioneers in the talk show world”（第六段最后一句），这都说明由Jerry
Springer 和 Oprah Winfrey主持的“脱口秀”特别有名，所以B）项是正确答案。A），C）和D）选项不是两位主持人的节目内容的共同特点。
22．A 信息明示题。短文第二段最后一句“Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display
and exploitation of society’s moral catastrophes, yet people are
willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other people’s
lives”，故答案应该是A）项。本题的障碍在于对“eat up”及“intriguing”的理解，to eat up的意思有吃光，耗尽，对......极感兴趣，沉迷于等。intriguing是有趣的，迷人的的意思。例如：
The chronic illness eats up his savings. Children are usually eaten
up with adventures. This is a most intriguing piece of news to us.
B），C）和D）项均与原文不符。
23．C 推理题。本题涉及对细节的把握与推断。文章第二段讲Jerry Springer 的谈话内容多是“love, sex, cheating,
guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level”，第三段说Oprah
Winfry的谈话节目集中在改善社会与个人生活质量方面，如“teaching your children responsibility,
managing your work week, getting to know your neighbors”等。由此可推知B）及D）项是Jerry
Springer主持的内容；A）项属于科技类节目， Oprah Winfrey有可能涉及到，但C）项更符合他主持的节目的主旨，故C项为正确答案。
24．C 主旨题。本题考查考生在读完这篇文章之后，是否能理解作者写这篇文章的意图，即这两套节目内容虽大不相同，但却都有教育意义，只不过一个从正面进行教育,另一个从反面材料进行教育。最后文章总结说“Each
one caters to a different audience...”，故C项正确； A）项“讽刺性的”， B）项“神经质的”和D）项“愤世嫉俗的”都与原文不符。可见，通过阅读了解作者赞成什么，反对什么是很重要的。
25．D 信息明示题。文章最后一段总结说这两套节目的内容和形式“分别针对不同的观众群”，所以D）项为正确答案。文章第一段告诉我们这两套节目“standing
out above others”，这说明并未“monopolized the talk show circuit”，故A）项不对；
B）项不是两套节目的共同特点；C）项文章没有提及。
Passage Two
【短文大意】这是一篇有关现代营销学的议论文。文章比较了过去和现代两种不同的营销观念；分析了现代营销观念的实质；着重论述了现代营销观念不同与老的营销观念的根本区别或特征。文章指出：不久前多数产业单位把主要精力放在产品的生产上，而后借助“促销手段”把尽可能多的产品销售出去。这种产销观念注重的是销售者的需求即：生产出产品并转手把产品变为货币。而现代营销学则注重的是消费者的需求。现代营销学首先分析消费者的需求及喜好，然后生产出消费者满意的商品。这种着眼于消费者的销售观念就是首先弄清消费者要买什么，然后把那种产品推向市场，而不是一味地出售容易生产的商品，或者说购进便是为了出售。然而，这种营销观念不等于说商业是慈善行为，也不是说对一个公司来讲满足消费者的需求高于获取利润。商业交易往往是两方面的事；一方是公司，一方是顾客。一定要双方满意才有可能进行交易。不过，成功的商家和厂家懂得怎样去获取利润，懂得了解并迎合顾客才能确保营利的途径。一个突出的例子是1985年中期，可口可乐公司改变了饮料的口味，并将新产品与原味的可乐在市场上同时出售。由于相当多的公众不接受新口味，公司立即恢复了原口味的老产品。这说明迎合消费者的需要是至关重要的——消费者至上。
26．C 该题为概括题。概括本文所讨论的中心要旨“以顾客为中心的思路”的营销观念，答案为C)。A)、B)、D)项都与本文有关，但并非中心议题——现代营销观念的本质。
27．B 该题是细节题。答案在第一段第三行。在新的营销观念广泛被人接收以前，企业家关心的是B)项：“生产效率”。
28．A 该题为词义判断题。词汇题，尤其是判断一词多义或词的引伸义，切忌脱离特定的语境和上下文。割裂上下文，单从字面理解，往往会出差错。该题根据上下文便可知move在此并非
“移动；搬迁” 之意，而是指“销售”，故答案为A)。
29．D 该题是事实推断题。作者引证美国可口可乐公司1985年发生的一件事。他们将新口味的可口可乐与原口味的可口可乐同时出售，结果新产品受到冷落。公司立即撤下新产品，恢复生产传统口味的老产品。这一事实足以“说明产品设计必须适应消费者的需求。”因此，正确答案是D)。
30．A 该题是综合归纳题。文章的开头简述了两种不同的营销观念，接着分析了现代营销观念的实质，并指出营销的目的是获取利润，但着眼点应是消费者的喜好、需求和满足，这也正是新、老营销观念不同之处的显著特征。只有A)项符合文章内容。
Passage Three
【短文大意】这是一篇论说文。讨论意见分歧究竟多一些好,还是少一些好。作者认为传统的对意见分歧的看法过于简单,根据Charles
R. Schwenk教授研究的结论说:由于多种原因,要界定分歧多寡的恰当水平是困难的。
31．B 这是一观点态度题。考核考生是否能正确理解作者的观点。文章第一段第一句话就是作者的观点，他认为传统的对分歧的看法是不是“过于简单”。因此B)正确。
32．C 这是一主题思想题。考核考生正确理解文章并掌握中心思想的能力。A)项是说 “分歧的优劣”,B)项是说 “分歧的真正价值”,这些都是文章内容没有提到的。D)项说的是“给分歧的作用进行界定是复杂的”,这不是Charles
R. Schwenk教授研究的内容。根据文章的内容,由于各种原因, Charles R. Schwenk教授研究得出这样的结论:
“要界定分歧多寡的恰当水平是困难的”。因此C)正确。
33．A 要正确回答这一问题,关键要读懂第三段的前面部分内容。B)项的说法与教授的结论内容相反,C)项和D)项的内容是在本文中教授的研究所未涉及的。所以只有A)正确。
34．D 这是一细节题。答案在第四段中。
35．B 这是一推理判断题。A)项说在非营利机构工作的人看起来很难满足，文章对此未作评论,C)项说非营利机构工作的人作决策的效率低，这与文章的说法不一致,D)项说在非盈利机构工作的人发现达成共识较为容易，文章没有这样说。而B)项说
“在非盈利机构工作的人能自由地发表不同的意见”这一说发在第三段和最后一段都强调了。
Passage Four
【短文大意】本文是科学小品文，介绍一种名叫olestra的既美味可口、又不含脂肪的化合物，分析了食品中使用olestra的利弊。
36．D 原文第一段先提出：想象人们能吃到的东西既美味可口又不含脂肪会是多么好。第二段：目前新型“代脂肪”产品已经在美国销售，这种产品的制造商说，这种产品包含一种叫olestra的化合物，食品生产商可以使用这种化合物代替某些食品中的脂肪。
37．D 根据第三段内容：二十世纪六十年代，化学家本来意欲寻求一种能让幼儿更易吸收的脂肪，却发现了olestra。由此可见，olestra的发现出乎意料，D)为正确答案。
38．A 根据第六段第一句：olestra太大，肠子无法吸收。
39．C 线索在第六段最后两句：批评家认为olestra不能让Va、Vd、Ve得到吸收，也不能让减少人们得癌症、心脏病的类胡萝卜素得到吸收。
40．B 根据原文最后一段：尽管食品生产商现在给产品添加Va、Vd、Ve、钾以及类胡萝卜素，但是有营养学家担心，人们会因为不用考虑代替脂肪生产的食品中所包含的卡路里而无限制地吃。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41．B 医生们预计他不会活得很久。本题测试点是动词辨义。 B）anticipate 预料的意思。 例如： We anticipate
the price of this product on the international market will be on
the rise. A）articulate 明确有力地表达，即say or speak distinctly，后不能像anticipate一样直接跟以that为始的名词从句。例如：You
should articulate each syllable when giving a dictation. C） manifest使显现，使显露；D）monitor监视，监听。
42．D 我建议把这些计划付诸实施,因为这次的计划确实是可行的。本题测试点是形容词的近义辨析。D） feasible 是“可行的”的意思，相当于possible
and likely to work， 因此答案D正确。例如： Your plan sounds feasible. I shall
think about it. She wants to find out whether it is feasible to
set up new schools here. A） eligible “合适的， 合意的”，相当于qualified or
able to do sth.. 其主体多数为人。例如: In order to be eligible to play football
in the university football team, it was necessary for him to keep
up in his studies, a very difficult matter, for while he was not
more stupid than an ox he was not any smarter. B） sustainable “支撑得住的，能持续的”，
C） probable “可能的”，相当于likely to happen or to be.它只表示一种可能性,因此用在这句里不合适。例如:It
seems probable that he failed the exam again.(看起来他可能又考不及格了。)
43．D 那位老先生头发花白，戴着金丝边眼镜，看上去很像一位受人尊敬的长者。本题测试的是易混词的辨析。D） respectable
“值得尊敬的，体面的”，相当于deserving respect。例如：Premier Zhou is one of the most
respectable men in the world. A）respectful “表示恭敬的，充满敬意的”，相当于showing
respect。例如：They stood at a respectful distance from the president.
B）respected “尊敬”，是respect的过去式或过去分词，在此不能修饰looking； C）respective “各自的”。例如：
The three men were given work according to their respective abilities.(这三个人按照各自
的能力被分工。)
44．C 这本书会居畅销书之首。本题为动词词义辨析题。 C)dominate“在……中占首要地位， 统治”，该词为及物和不及物动词，它在句意和功能上都与该句吻合，
因此答案为C）。例如：Profits tend to dominate all other considerations to
businessmen. Eucalyptus forests dominate much of coastal Australia
and scrub dominates the inland regions. A） promote “促进，提升”； B） prevail
“流行，盛行“，该词只作不及物动词，因而不能用于此句。例如： The use of opium still prevails in
the south. D）exemplify “是......的例证”。
45．A 该城区长期以来一直因街头暴力而臭名昭著。此题测试学生对形容词词义内涵的掌握。A） notorious “臭名昭著的”，
后可接for，相当于famous for，特别是for something bad。例如： Hitler was notorious
for what he did during the Second World War. B）responsible 后接for构成固定短语，其意为“负责的，承担责任的”。例如：
All parents are responsible for their children’s education. C）historical“历史的”，后不与for搭配；
D）illegal “非法的”，后也不与for搭配。
46．D 学生们在教师的指导下做蒸气推动的船模。本题的测试点是动词近义词的辨析。D） propelled “推进，推动”， 相当于drive
forward。 例如：As a child, heis interested in mechanically propelled
vehicles. A） towed “拖，牵引”， 相当于pull along by a rope or chain。例如：
His task is to tow broken-down cars to the nearest garage. B)pressed意为“压，按”；C）toss“扔，抛”。
47．B 干完了上午的活儿， 职员们从桌子后面站起来伸伸懒腰。本题测试学生对动词词义的辨析及固定用法的掌握。B）stretch
“伸展，张开，拉长，扩大”， 可作及物和不及物动词，相当于make wider, longer or tighter by pulling。
stretch oneself 意为“伸懒腰； 竭尽全力”。例如：His memory stretches back to his
early childhood. After sitting in front of the computer for 4 hours,
he yawned and stretched himself. She stretched herself to provide
for the family. 其它三个词的用法具体是：A）expand“扩大，扩张”，相当于make or become larger，可作及物和不及物动词，后不能接反身代词。例如：As
we grow older, we expand our interests and knowledge. C）prolong
意为“延长， 拉长”，相当于make longer，因此是单向向上的延伸，而且该词只作及物动词用。 例如：The president
is not likely to prolong his visit to Japan. D） extend 意为“伸展，扩大，加长”，
相当于make longer （in space or time），enlarge。作及物和不及物动词，后可接反身代词，但意义只是“竭尽全力”。例如：My
garden extends as far as the river. We are extending our premises.
Both man and horse extended themselves.
48．C 英格兰队目前状态极佳，下周将竭尽全力为去年的失败抱仇雪耻。这是一道相似词语辨析题。A）revive：“恢复；复苏”。如：The
wounded soldier revived two hours later. 两小时后受伤的战士才苏醒过来。B）retort：“反驳”。
如：I can retort you. 我能把你驳倒。C） revenge：“为……抱仇”。常用短语：revenge oneself
for“为……抱仇雪耻”。 如：She attempted to revenge herself for her dead father.
她想要替她死去的父亲抱仇雪恨。 D）remedy：“纠正；补救”。 例：Nothing could be remedied.一切无可挽回。根据句意，C）为正确答案。
49．A 如果你想进入那条隧道，你就得把里面所有的岩石全搬运出来。这是一道词义辨析题。A）haul ：“拖运；搬运”。如：They
hauled up the fishing net. 他们把鱼网拉了上来。B）transfer：“搬迁；调动”。 如：Charley
has been transferred to the Sales Department. 查理调到了销售部。 C） repel
：“击退；排斥”。如：repel the enemy击退敌人。D）dispose：“丢掉；去掉”。 如：Do dispose these
old news papers. 处理掉这些旧报纸。A）最符合句义。
50．B 把四周墙上的纸都刮掉。这是一道词义辨析题。 A）shear ：“剪（羊毛，头发）”。例如：She had her long
hair sheared. 她长长的秀发剪掉了。B）scrape：“刮；擦”。 如： It’s hard to scrape the
paint away from the wall. 墙上的油漆很难刮掉。C) stroke：“抚摸”。如：Cats enjoy
being stroked.猫喜欢被人抚摸。 D）chip：“削或凿掉（硬东西）”。如：Can you help me chip
the plaster covering the tiles?你能帮我把瓷砖上的灰浆铲除掉吗？D）是最可能的干扰项，但它用于除掉硬物，故不能为正确答案。
51．C 这位著名的科学家认为，他的成就是勤奋的结晶。这是一道近义词辨析题。A）impart：“告知；给予”。 如：Don’t
impart the secret to any one. 别把这个秘密告诉任何人。B）grant “授予；准予”。 如：We
were granted a three-day holiday for National Day. 国庆节我们准许休假三天。
C）ascribe：“把……归因；认为……是……”。如：He ascribed his success in career to
his hard working. 他把事业的成功归于勤奋的工作。D）acknowledge ：“承认；公认为”。 如：They
acknowledged that they were defeated.他们公开承认失败。根据句义，C)是正确答案。
52．B 很难设想出一种消灭贫困的方案。这是一道近义词辨析和搭配的混合题。A） speculate：“推测，推断”。如：I was
speculate that this might be my last chance. 我在推测这也许是我最后一次机会。B）
conceive 与of “构想；设法”。如：It’s difficult to conceive of the travel
to the moon.去月球旅行的情景很难设想。 C）ponder：“思考；考虑”。 如：He is pondering how
to escape. 他在细想如何才能逃出去。D）reckon：“认为”。 如：She’s reckoned (to be) very
beautiful. 虽然四个选项均含“想”之意，但从语意和搭配两个方面来说，只有B）项合乎逻辑要求。
53．A 当时欢呼声、掌声汇成一片持久的雷鸣声。这是一道词义辨析题。A） mingle：“相混；混合”。 如：The birds’
singing and the children’s laughing mingled pleasantly.鸟的歌声和孩子们的欢笑声令人愉快地汇成一片。B）concentrate：“集中（精力，注意力）于”，可与on连用。
如： If you don’t concentrate on your work you’ll be dismissed. 如果你不集中精力工作，你会被解雇的。C）assemble：“收集；装配”。
如：The workers are busy assembling the machine.工人们正忙于装配机器。D）permeate：“渗入；透过；弥漫”。
如： The heavy smoke permeated through the whole building.整幢大楼里弥漫着浓烟。根据句意，唯有A)正确。
54．A 消费者信心的提高对经济复苏至关重要。本题考点为词义辨认。A）crucial意为“决定性的，紧要关头的”，其固定搭配为be
crucial to sth.，意为“对……至关重要的，决定性的”。例如：The answer to this question
is crucial to the future of the human race. 解答这个问题对于人类的未来是极其重要的。His
attendance at the meeting is crucial to the settlement of the matter.
他出席会议对解决这个问题非常重要。B）subordinate意为“下级的，次要的， 从属的”也可和介词to 连用。例如：The
minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。She is subordinate
to her husband in every way. 她任何事都听从丈夫的。C）cumulative意为“累积的，渐增的”，一般不和介词to搭配使用。D）satisfactory意为“令人满意的，符合要求的，良好的”，可和介词to搭配使用，但其后一般表示“对（谁）来说”之意。例如：The
present arrangement wasn’t really satisfactory to them. 目前的安排并不真正使他们感到满意。综上分析，只有选项A)符合题意。
55．B 虽然身体是由许多不同的组织构成的，但这些组织是按照一种复杂而整齐的方式排列而成的。本题考点为词义辨认。A）incrediable
意为“不可思议的”，B）intricate意为“复杂的，精细的”。C）internal 意为“内部的”。D）initial意为“起初的”。根据句意要求，B)项和orderly
放在一起最为适合，因此选B)。
56．D 如果你在车子下面修车,经常会弄得满身油污。本题考点为形容词的词义辨析。A）waxy的意思是 “像蜡的”,B）slippery的意思是
“光滑的”,C）sticky的意思是“粘的”,只有D） greasy“有油脂的,油腻的”符合本句意思。greasy同样的例子还有：
I don’t like greasy food or washing greasy plates.我不喜欢吃油腻的食物和使用洗刷油腻的盘子。He
has rather greasy hair. 他头发相当油。57．C 车子损坏不严重,因此他可以自己修理。本题考点为形容词的词义辨析。在此题四项选择中，A）considerable，B）appreciable及D）invisible
意义分别为“相当大，很大的，很多的”，“可估计的，（大得）可看到（或感觉到）的，和“看不见的，无形的”。若把他们放入句中，均与后半句逻辑不合，因此得排除。C）negligible意为“可忽略的，微不足道的”，含有“不严重”之意，符合句意。negligible同样的例子还有：The
interest on my small savings is negligible. 我那笔小存款的利息很少。It is negligible
amount of money. 这点钱是微不足道的。
58．D 我的妹妹有雄心壮志,打算一年内取得硕士学位。本题考点为形容词的词义辨析。B）enthusiastic意为“满腔热忱的，热心的”。C）considerate意为“考虑周到的，体谅的”，与本句所表达的意思不符。A）aggressive和D）ambitious均有“有进取心的，有抱负”之意，但aggressive是一贬义词，隐含有出于个人私利敢于进取之意并不是真正关心他人利益。例如：His
aggressive selling methods made him rich. 他那大胆放手的兜售方法使他发了财。ambitious是一中性词，既可表示有雄心壮志，有志向之意，也可表示有野心做什么事。例如：He
is ambitious to succeed in politics. 他抱负不凡（野心勃勃），希望在政治上有所成就。本题是赞扬妹妹的进取精神，因此应选D)项。
59．B 经理把这些问题看作是无关紧要的细节,想将其搁置一边留待以后再解决。本题考点为形容词的词义辨析。A) versatile的意思是“多方面适用的”,C)
preliminary的意思是“预备的”,D) alternate的意思是“交替的”,只有B) trivial “琐碎的,不重要的”与原句内容相符。trivial同样的例子还有：Your
composition has only a few trivial mistakes.你的作文只有几处小错误。This matter
is too trivial to worry about.这事太无关紧要了，不值得多虑。
60．A 他的直觉告诉他什么地方出了毛病。本题考点为名词的词义辨析。A)intuition意为“直觉,本能”。例如：I have
an intuition that he’ll come tomorrow.我有一种直觉，他明天会来。I refused to
listen, only trusting my intuition。 我只相信我的直觉,拒绝听取他人的意见。D) sentiment意为情绪,感情。B)
hypothesis意为“假设”。 C) inspiration意为“灵感”。如： Poets and artists often
draw their inspiration from nature.诗人及艺术家往往从大自然中获得灵感。此题中sentiment,
hypothesis明显与题意不符。intuition和inspiration比较，前者更符合题意。若说他灵感告诉什么地方出了毛病，显得不太自然，别扭。
61．C 这本书讲述的是这些基本信念和价值观如何影响美国生活的许多重要方面。本题考点为名词的词义辨析。这是四个以f开头的词，词意相去甚远。C)
facet意为“(问题的)一个方面”,它的复数形式符合本题题意。B) frontier意为“前沿”,D) format意为“安排,设计”,A)
fashion意为“样式”,都不符合题意。
62．C 一方面要做那些自认为是对孩子成长有益的事情,一方面又要对孩子的吵闹和破坏性尽可能容忍,父母在这两者之间常陷入进退两难的窘境。本题考点为名词的词义辨析。A)
paradox意为“自相矛盾的人或事”;B) junction意为“联结点”;D) premise意为“前提”, 这些都不符合题意。只有C)dilemma“进退两难的窘境”与题意相符。如:The
manager is in a dilemma over how to deal with the crisis. 经理对如何应付危机陷入进退两难的窘境。
63．D 克拉克认为，能参加有史以来最令人激动的医学实验，所经受的痛苦完全值得。本题为名词词义辨析。A）apprehension
理解，惧怕，逮捕。例如：She felt apprehension for the safety of her son.她为儿子的安全感到担心。That
young man is quick of apprehension. 那个年青人理解力很强。B）appreciation赏识，鉴识，感激，升值；例如：He
showed no appreciation of my help. 他对我所提供的帮助一点都不感激。 I have great
appreciation of Shakespeare.我很欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧。C)presentation:表示，显示，提出，陈述，表现，赠与；例如：The
awards presentation lasted four hours.颁发奖品持续了四个小时。 The book remains
a sound presentation of the history as it actually occurred.此书完整地展示了这段历史的本来面目。
D）participation参与，分享；例如：He shrank from any direct participation
in politics.他不愿直接参与任何政治活动。 The success of the game depended upon
the participation of the whole team.比赛的胜利有赖于整个队伍的参与。The participation
of the activity will do you a lot of good.参加这项活动你可受益匪浅。64．A 作为学院最为年轻的教授之一，金小姐的辉煌事业刚开始。本题考名词的词义辨别。A)threshold
开端，入口，界限。be on the threshold of 为一固定搭配，意为“即将开始”。例如： The scientist
is on the threshold of a great discovery.这位科学家即将开始做出一项重大的研究。She
was on the threshold of a new life.她即将开始新的生活。B）edge 也可和介词on 连用，但其意为“在……边缘”。例如：sit
on the edge of a chair 坐在椅子边；be on the edge of death在死亡的边缘上；on the
edge of winter初冬之时。C)项porch意为“门廊，阳台”，D)项course意为“过程，经过，进程”，可与介词in/during搭配，意为“在……（时期）中，在……的过程中”。
65．C 被告的辩护律师给陪审团留下了深刻的印象。本题考同义词辨义。A)protect: to prevent from being
harmed or damaged保护，防护，防卫，警戒；例如：An armoured shield will protect
the driver against all but a direct hit.装甲挡板基本上可保护驾驶员不受到直接撞击。B)
guard: watch and protect守卫，保卫，警惕，防护;guard 的名词有“卫兵，哨兵，警卫员”之意，因此表示保卫，守卫等意义时，可有“像士兵一样保卫着什么”的含义。例如：The
army and the people guard the island output together.军民共守前哨岛屿。C)
defend: do something in order to protect防卫，防护，辩护。 例如：He needs a
lawyer to defend him.他将需要律师为他辩护。How can you defend killing someone
like that? 那样杀了人你还能如何进行辩护？D)shield: protect from a danger保护，起保护作用，庇护。D)
shield的名词意思为“盾”，由此派生出来的动词意义形象生动。例如：These trees will shield off arid
winds and protect the fields.这些树林能挡住旱风，保护农田。
66．B 他的讲座没几个人听得懂，因为主题太不清楚了。本题为近义形容词辨义。A) dim: not bright; not clearly
to be seen朦胧的，模糊的，隐含由于光线不足而看不清楚之意。例如： Her eyes were dim with tears.
她的双眼因泪而模糊起来。B) obscure: dark; hidden; not clearly seen or understood含糊的，难解的；一般指因被藏起来了，遮盖了或是接受者理解慢或迟钝而感到含糊难解。例如：
The shapes of the buildings were obscure because of the distance.
由于距离远，建筑物的轮廓看不清楚。Is the meaning obscure to them? 那意义对他们来说是含糊难懂的吗？C)
conspicuous显著的，显眼的，出众的 ；D) intelligible可理解的，明了的。两词都和句意相反。
67．C 这部电影里有太多暴力和色情的场面，不适合孩子观看。本题为近义形容词辩义。A) profound 深奥的，深刻的，渊博的。B)
valid有效的，合法的，有根据的。 C) decent得体的，有分寸的 。例如：Never tell stories that
are not decent.不要讲不文雅的故事。He behaved in a decent manner. 他行为举止很有分寸。D)
upright诚实的，正直的，垂直的。
68．D 木头腐烂得厉害，我们一拉它就粉碎了。本题考动词词组辨异。A) break off 使折断，突然停止讲话，断绝，暂停，分开，休息。例如：She
broke off with her best friend. 她和最好的朋友断绝了关系。B) break away突然离开，脱离，放弃
。例如：I should break away from such habits.我应该改掉这些坏习惯。C) break through突围，突破。D)
break up打碎，破碎，分裂，分解，驱散，衰退。例如：They broke up a box for firewood.他们捣毁一个盒子当柴烧。Police
in plain cloths tried to break up the crowd. 便衣警察试图驱散人群。
69．B 侦探和他的助手已着手调查这宗神秘的谋杀案。本题考动词词组辨别。 A) come through 脱险，经历，传出，捐助。例如：John
was so ill he was lucky to come through the operation. 约翰病得非常厉害，但很幸运手术后活了下来。B)
look into浏览，观察，调查。例如：The police resolved to look into the question.警察下决心调查这一问题。We’ll
look into this matter together. 我们将一起研究这事。C) make over修订，让，转让，移交，改造。例如：Just
before his death he made over all his property to his wife.恰好在他死之前他把他所有的财产赠予了妻子。
D) see to负责，注意。例如：Who is seeing to the dinner?谁负责做饭？
70．A 令人难过的是，大熊猫是大批濒临灭绝的物种之一。本题考名词词意辨别。A) extinction绝种，消失，消灭，废止。例如：Many
species are already in peril of extinction because of our destruction
of their natural habitation. 很多物种因我们破坏它们的自然生存环境而濒于灭绝的危险。He pursued
research that may lead to the extinction of a disease.他致力于可能导致灭绝某一疾病的研究工作。B)
migration移民，移动，移行；C) destruction破坏，毁灭；D) extraction拔出，取出，抽出。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
71．had→has 表示的时间是现在，一般用于现在时和进行时，故句中的had应该用has。在这一行中有干扰颇大的capability，不少同学熟悉短语be
capable of doing something，因而认定capability后应接of doing something，但是capability后面也可接动词不定式。
72．directly→indirectly 文章一开始就交代人类在科技不发达的昨天，一直被局限在地球上，不能亲临其它的星球。由此可推知人类对太空的了解只能通过肉眼或仪器，这样所得的知识不可能是直接的，所以本行中的directly应改为indirectly，才能符合句意。
73．into→on 本题所在的意思是：人类有可能在未来的十年内登上别的星球。在……星球上一般用介词on，而不是into。例如：Who
do you think is the greatest man on the earth? Is there life on
Mars? 所以into应改为on。
74．too→so 本句的意思是：“我们会不会如此地勇敢，以致于……”，英语中的相应短语则是so...as to...，例如：Are
you so naive as to believe everything in the newspapers? He was
so tired as to fall asleep.(他太累了，以致于睡着了。) 因此这一行中的too应改为so。
75．planet→planets 代词other通常与复数名词连用，因而本句中的planet须用复数planets。
76．head→mind 英语中表示“记住”有两个常用固定短语keep in mind，和bear in mind，所以此行中的head应改为mind。
77．little→much 根据上下文，本句的意思应该是：我们为什么要在太空探索方面花这么多的钱? 但句中却用了little，这与句意不合，因此必须将句中的little改为much。
78．consider→Considering 本题所在的句子中有两个并列的单句，却明显地没有连接词加以连接，这就需要考虑将其中的一个单句变成短语，根据本句句意和consider的用法特点，最合适的做法就是将动词consider改成considering意为“考虑到...”例如：Considering
the result it will bring about, I’ll change the plan. Considering
his age, he did a good job.考虑到他的年龄，他从事一份不错的工作。
79．they→they〖KG-6mm〗—— 本题所在的句子是一个定语从句。定语从句中往往用关系代词指代先行词，关系代词可充当定语从句中的主语或宾语，即本句子中的that就是定语从句的主语，故they是
多余的，应去掉。
80．arrive→arrive at英文中表示“得...结论”，可在conclusion(s)前用动词reach, arrive
at, come to, draw 等。也就是说arrive是不及物动词，后面必需要有介词at。例如： What conclusion
did you finally arrive at? I think he will arrive at a decision
by himself.我认为他会自己作出决定。
Part Ⅴ Writing
How I Finance My College Education?
Nowadays, tuition and fees for college are much higher than ever
before. How to finance one’s college education has become a matter
of concern for many. You can deal with it in many ways. You can
get all the needed money from your parents. You can apply for a
loan specially set up for college students. You can also raise the
money completely by yourself, by doing a full-time job in summer
and winter holidays. Or you can ask your parents to provide the
greater part and earn the rest in your spare time by doing a part-time
job.In my opinion, the last way may prove to be quite beneficial.
Having obtained most of the tuition and fees from one’s parents,
one needn’t worry too much about the money and can concentrate on
his studies. On the other hand, a part-time job in one’s spare time
will add color to one’s campus life, Through the part-time job one
can make a lot of friends, improve one’s social skills and learn
many practical things. Therefore, I choose this way to cover my
tuition and fees.
1999年6月
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.W:It is a pity you missed the concert yesterday evening. It was
wonderful!
M:I didn’t want to miss the football game. Well, I’m not a classical
music fan anyway.
Q:What do we learn from the conversation?
2.W:Hey! If you can’t enjoy that at a sensible volume, please use
earphones. I’m trying to study.
M:Oh! I’m sorry. I didn’t realize it was bothering you.
Q:What is the man probably doing?
3.M:Can I help you, miss?
W:Yes. I bought this telephone last week, and it works all right
with out going calls, but it doesn’t ring for the in coming ones.
Q:What’s the problem with the woman’s telephone?
4.W:I thought Tom said he got A in all his test.
M:Mary, you should know better than to take Tom’s words too seriously.
Q:What does the man imply?
5.W:Can you show me how to use this, John?
M:It is fully automatic.All you have to do is focus on the scene
and press the button here.
Q:What are they talking about?
6.M:I think we should move on to the next item.
W:OK.But I’d like to take this matter up again at the end of the
meeting.
Q:What does the woman imply?
7.W:You know, the Browns have invested all their money in stocks.
M:They may think that’s a wise move.But that’s the last thing I’d
do.
Q:What’s the man’s opinion about the Brows’investment?
8.M:What’s Mr. Peterson going to do with his old house on London
Road, rent it or sell it?
W:I heard he is thinking of turning it into a restaurant, which
isn’t a bad idea because it’s still a solid building.
Q:What will Mr. Peterson do with his old house?
9.M:How do you like professor Bokman’s course on the History of
philosophy? He is a distinguished scholar on that subject.
W:He is a great teacher.But I’m having a hard time with the reading.
I feel like I can never finish it.
Q:What problem does the woman have with the course?
10.W:Robert wants to know if he can go with us to the party.
M:That’s odd. This morning he said he wanted to go by himself.
Q:What do we learn about Robert?
Section B
President Clinton later today joins (S1) [ZZ(Z]former[ZZ)] presidents
Ford.Carter and Bush at “the president’s summit for America’s future”
(S2) [ZZ(Z]aimed[ZZ)] at recruiting one million volunteer tutors
to provide afterschool, weekend and summer reading help for up to
three million children. Mr.Clinton will ask Congress this coming
week for nearly three (S3) [ZZ(Z]billion[ZZ)] dollars to found a
fiveyear program called “America Reads”.
The program would fund the (S4) [ZZ(Z]coordination[ZZ)] efforts
of 20 thousand reading (S5) [ZZ(Z]specialists[ZZ)] and it would
also give (S6) [ZZ(Z]grants[ZZ)] to help parents help children read
by the third grade, or about age eight.During his Saturday radio
(S7) [ZZ(Z]address[ZZ)], the president explained why the program
is important. “We need ‘America Reads’ and we need it now. Studies
show that if the fourthgraders fail to read well. (S8) [ZZ(Z]They
are likely to drop off school, and less likely to succeed in life[ZZ)].
But, 40 percent of them still can’t read at a basic level.”
Volunteer tutors, who provide community service in exchange for
college funding, are being used in literacy and tutoring programs.
(S9) [ZZ(Z]The programs, initiated by President Clinton has come
on the criticism by Congress.[ZZ)]
The president says many of the Philadelphia summit’s corporate sponsors
will recruit tutors. (S10) [ZZ(Z]Dozen of colleges and Universities
are prepared to send thousands of their students in support of the
program.[ZZ)]
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C
S1.former S2.aimed S3.billion S4.coordination
S5.specialists S6.grants S7.address
S8.They are likely to drop off school, and less likely to succeed
in life.
S9.The programs, initiated by President Clinton has come on the
criticism by Congress.
S10.Dozen of colleges and Universities are prepared to send thousands
of their students in support of the program.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】这是一篇科普文章。作者向人们介绍了一个经验得出的结论:不仅人类易于因焦虑而受伤害，低等动物也会因精神紧张而影响其免疫功能。
11.B 根据第一段倒数第二句可知老鼠未受影响。B）项符合文章内容。
12.C 答题依据为第二段第二句。
13.D 答题依据为第三段第二、三句话。
14.C 从第三段最后一句可知正确答案为C)项。
15.A 第三段指出是田鼠形成条件反射，从而降低了其免疫力。故正确答案为A)项。B)项与文章内容不符；C)、D)曲解了所例举的实验结果。
Passage Two
【短文大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了环保工作者当前应当承担的使命。环保工作是人类面临的一个十分艰巨而重大的任务。因此，全社会都应关注它、重视它。
16.B 根据第二段第一句可知B）项正确。A)、D)项文章中未提及；C)项与第二段最后一句相矛盾。
17.B 根据第三、四段，尤其是第四段最后一句可知B）项正确。
18.D 根据构词法可知tunnelvisioned意为一孔之见。因此，D）项“只看到问题的一个方面”为正确答案。A)心胸狭窄；B)
视而不见；C)目光短浅。
19.C 文章第三段第二句:“作为环境与健康方面的专业人员，做得与众不同是我们的责任”，最后一句“我们中的一些人必须承担起带头的责任。由此可见答案为C）。
20.C 根据最后一段的任务三(Third)可知C)项正确。A)、B)、D)项不符合最后两句话的含义。
Passage Three
【短文大意】本文向读者介绍了英国高等教育事业拮据， 陷入困境，从而引发的对高等教育状况的思考、争议。
21.A 本文通篇谈的都是英国高等教育经费问题，这是英国大学关注的问题，也是本文的主题。因此，A)项是正确。
22.C 答题依据为第一段第二句及第五段。
23.D 从第三段得知:三个中学毕业生中有一人能上大学，这个比例是30年前的5倍。由此可知30年前中学毕业生上大学的比例约为1/15。
24.D 选题依据为第五段第一句话。
25.A 答题依据为文章最后一句话:时代报抱怨说因为学生人数急剧增加而导致教学质量受到影响，英国大学从原来近乎导师制的教育变成了典型的大规模生产的欧洲式大学。
Passage Four
【短文大意】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一项研究发明成果:一种探测设备——人造鼻子。
26.C 这是一道事实辨认题。根据第四段最后一句可知答案为C)。
27.D 根据第五段最后一句可知这种发明有可能被滥用，以致会导致D）项所涉及的结果。
28.B 这是一道词汇题。四个选项分别为:A)preset 预先装置，预先调整；B)enter进入，参加；登记；C)process加工，处理；起诉；D)simulate
假装；扮演；冒充；模拟；模仿。无论是从句意上还是从词语搭配上，只有B)项合适。
29.A 这是一道事实辨认题。依据文章最后一句话判断，答案为A）确定无疑。
30.B 第五段第一句暗示作者认为该项发明是“revolutionary advance”。A)cautious谨慎的；犹豫的；B)approving赞许的；C)suspicious猜疑的；D)overenthusiastic过于热情的；狂热的。显然答案为B)。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
31.D 当人们被问及他们想要什么样的住宅时，这个问题引出了各种各样的回答。动词辨析题。A)defy蔑视；B)magnify扩大，夸大；放大；C)mediate调节；传递；D)evoke
引起；唤起。如：evoke great indignation引起强烈的愤慨；evoke memories of the past(唤起对过去的回忆)。
32.A 如果你要建立一家公司，你必须遵守政府制定的法律。动词搭配题。A)comply with是固定搭配,意为:依从，服从，遵守,符合句意。如:comply
with safety regulations遵守安全条例。B)adhere应与to搭配，粘着，附着，坚持；C)confirm
为及物动词，使巩固，使加强；证实；D)accord with (与)相配合；一致。
33.C 尽管偶然还有枪响，但我们可以报告说反叛已基本上被镇压了。动词辨析题。A)cancel 取消，宣布无效，删除；B)destroy破坏，消灭；使失效；C)suppress镇压；扣留；制止。如:suppress
a riot平定暴乱。 All religious activities were suppressed.一切宗教活动都被禁止了。D)restrain抑制，阻止；约束。如：He
could hardly restrain his anger.他抑制不住怒火。
34.C 由于这两个国家无法调和其分歧，双方决定中止谈判。动词辨析题。A)rectify纠正，调整，矫正；B)oblige强迫，使负于有义务；赐于；C)reconcile使和解，调解，调停(口角，分歧等)。如:reconcile
a dispute(调停争端)。D)obscure使阴暗，使朦胧；遮盖。
35.D 赢得几次预选后，这位总统侯选人巩固了其地位。动词辨析题。A)enforce实施；强调；迫使；B)enrich使丰富，使肥沃；充实；C)intensify使强烈；增强；D)consolidate统一；巩固；使加强。如:consolidate
what has been learned 巩固已经学会的东西。
36.A 这种洲际导弹的燃料应该用这个装置点燃。近义词辨析题。A)ignite使着火，点燃；B)light点燃；使发光，通常指点燃蜡烛，香烟等。如:light
a fire with scrapes of paper用碎纸片点燃炉火。C)fire开火；燃烧；生火(炉子)；D)inspire给……启发灵感；鼓舞。
37.B 麦克才发现他的护照在三个月前就已到期。动词辨析题。A)abolish vt.废除，取消；彻底破坏。B)expire
vi.期满；(法律，所有权，专利权等因到期而)成为无效。如:Their licenses have expired. 他们的执照已过期。
vt. 呼气，排出；C)amend vt. 修改，改进；vi. 改过自新；D)constrain vt. 强迫，束缚，拘束。
38.C 坦率地说，除了一些微不足道的语法错误外，你的文章很不错。形容词辨析题。A)obscure阴暗，模糊的；暧昧的，含糊的。如：an
obscure sound(模糊的声音)；an obscure malady(起因不明的疾病)。B)glaring怒目而视；瞪眼的；C)trivial不重要的；琐碎的。如:trivial
matters(琐事)； a trivial offence (小过失)。D)rare稀有的，珍贵的；难得的。
39.A 曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球是平的、静止的。形容词辨析题。A)absurd 荒谬的，不合理的；荒唐的，如：Even sensible
men do absurd things.理智的人也会做出荒廖的事。 B)intrinsic内在的，内发的；实质的；固有的。C)eternal永恒的；不变的。D)offensive冒犯的；攻击的；讨厌的。40.B
由于新的、能更好地适应地球变化了的环境的生命的生产形式的产生，一些物种就消失或灭绝了。形容词辨析题。A)feeble脆弱的，衰落的；B)extinct灭绝的；熄灭的；已废的。如:an
extinct species 已灭绝的物种。C)massive巨大的；块状的；大规模的。D)extinguish vt.
熄灭(灯、火等)。如：Smoking is forbidden. Please extinguish your cigarette.吸烟是禁止的，请你把烟熄掉。
41.A 他模棱两可的指示使我们糊涂了；我军不知道该走这两条路中的哪一条。形容词辨析题。A)ambiguous 暧昧的，含糊的；模棱两可的。如:He
gave an ambiguous reply.他作了一个模棱两可的答复。B)complicated复杂的；C)arbitrary专横的；武断的；D)intricate复杂，难懂的。
42.D Franklin D.Roosevelt认为大萧条的根源在于美国经济潜在的缺陷。形容词辨析题。A)underline
vt. 划线于……的下面；(喻)强调，加强；B)vulnerable易受伤的，易受攻击的；脆弱的。C)vulgar粗俗的；通俗的。D)underlying在下面的，基本的，根本的。如:an
underlying problem基本问题。43.B 一些研究表明，这种眼病在热带国家很常见。相似词语辨析题。A)prospective未来的，预期的；有希望的；B)prevalent流行的；普遍的。如:Colds
are prevalent in the winter.感冒流行于冬季。C)provocative激怒的；引起兴趣的；激起的；永恒的；D)perpetual永久的；无期限的。
44.C 根据刚获得的坏消息，恐怕你得改变你乐观的看法了。形容词辨析题。A)indifferent漠不关心的；不注意的；公平的。如：I
was so excited to see snow that I was indifferent to the cold.我看到雪好兴奋，所以冷也不在乎了。B)distressing使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的；悲惨的。如：distressing
news令人痛苦的消息。C)optimistic乐观(主义)的；D)pessimistic悲观(主义)的。
45.A 尽管他没有接受过正规教育，但他是这家公司中最精明的人。形容词辨析题。A)shrewd 精明的，敏锐的；狡猾的。如: a
shrewd businessman精明的生意人。B)stern严格的；严酷的；坚决的；C)nasty令人不快的，讨厌的；不道德的，下流的。如：It’s
a ~ book the work of a nasty mind.那是一本淫秽的书，是脑子不干净的人写的。 D)alert警觉的；警惕的；活泼的。
46.C 别嚷了，我听不见球赛评论了。名词辨析题。A)judgement审判，判决；公正；判断能力；B)interpretation解释；翻译。C)commentary注解；评注；解说词；评论。D)explanation解释；说明。如：His
spirited interpretation makes a match very interesting even on the
radio.他对比赛评说生动，比赛即使从收音机收听也很有趣。)
47.D 中、日两国的文化有许多共同的特点，但各自的文化又都有各自的民族特色。A)engagement约会；婚约；交战；B)destiny命运；宿命；C)capacity容积；容量；能力；性能；D)temperament气质；性情；性格。如:His
silent temperament has kept him apart from his colleagues.他那沉默的性格使自己与同事们格格不入。
48.A 社会的每个成员都必须发誓为祖国的自由而奋斗。A)pledge抵押(品)；信物，保证物；信约；承诺。如：It was told
me under pledge of secrecy.我是发誓保密才获知这件事情的。 B)warranty 权威，根据；担保，保证。如：They
will repair this new car without charging because it’s still under
warranty.他们会免费修理这辆新车，因为它仍在保修期内。 C)resolve决心；坚决；刚毅。D) guarantee 保主；保证书。
49.C 我被主人的热情好客所感动，晚宴上十分尽兴。A)hostility敌对；敌意。如：They are both in the
state of hostility. (他们双方处于敌对状态。)B)indignation 愤慨，愤怒；C)hospitality好客；招待殷勤；D)humanity
人性；人类；人道。
50.A 在这样一个予以强者以显赫声望的社会里，David觉得自己无用，不被社会所需要。A)prestige声望，威望；势力。如:build
up one’s prestige建立威信。B)regime 政体；制度；C)superiority 优秀，卓越；优越；D)legislation立法，法规；法令。
51.B 如同你所看到的一样，一个国家货币的价值是其经济的反映。A)reaction 反应；反作用；对抗；B)reflection
反映；映像；反射。如：We looked at our reflection in the lake.我们看到湖中自己的倒影。
C)response反应；答复；回答。如：No one made response after the teacher’s question.老师提问后没人回答。
D)revelation泄露；启示。
52.B 在春季出口商品交易会上，这批展示的上好瓷器倍受各国客商的关注。A)succession 继续，连续；继承；继承权；B)array
of是固定搭配:一大批；一系列 。如:an array of facts 大量的事实。C)string 绳，弦；一行；一列；D)procession对伍；行列。
53.D 为便于讨论，我们应该对这两个科学术语进行明确的区分。A)separation分离；分居；缺口；B)discrimination
区别；辨别(指行为)；歧视；C)deviation (from) 不符合；偏差；离正道。如：sexual deviation性反常；a
deviation of 5°偏差5度。D)distinction分别；区别；差异之处；不同之点。如：Can you draw
a distinction between these two ideas?你能说出这两个主意有什么不同吗?
54.A 恐怖分子在雅典时可能在飞机上放置了一颗定时炸弹，定在飞机到达纽约时爆炸。A)go off离去；不再喜欢。如:go off
without saying goodbye不辞而别。B)get off下车(马)；动身；C)come off 动身；奏效。如:Their
attempt to shoot the king didn’t come off.他们谋刺国王未遂。D)carry off夺走；抢走；抓走。
55.B 只要你将所有必要的信息告诉我们，我们就可立即为你办这件事。命题点：关联词。A)in case 以防(万一)；如果；要是；B)provided
that = providing that:只要；假如；以……为条件；C)or else 否则；要不然；D)as if = as
though 好像；仿佛。
56.C 年青人对立体音响的喜爱不能仅从熟悉技术的角度来解释。A)in quest of 寻找；寻求。如:He went to
the library in quest of something to read.他去图书馆找些东西读读。B)by means
of 用，以，依靠。如:She succeeded by all means of perseverance.她靠坚韧不拔的毅力获得成功。
C)in terms of = in light of根据；从……方面(说来)。如:It was a terrible year
in terms of business.就生意来说，这是很糟糕的一年。 D)by virtue of 由于；依靠。如:By virtue
of your promise to advance me $500, I bought it yesterday.多亏你答应预付我500美元，我昨天把那东西买了下来。
57.D 当她觉得受到侮辱后，劝她留下的努力是无用的。如：The medicine did little avail against
the disease.这药对这病没有什么效果。 A)in no way决不；无论如何不；B)on the contrary 相反地；正好相反；C)at
a loss不知所措；D)of no avail 无助的；无效的； 无用的。
58.C 我们签署了这份协议，承诺每周付150美元的租金。A)conception概念；观念；B)commission 授权；委任状；委托；委员会；C)commitment
委托；所承诺之事；承约。如:make a commitment作出承诺。D)confinement 限制；监禁；卧病。
59.D 为预防冬天发生水灾，从大坝中流出的水流量通过计算机持续地进行监控。A)grade 依序安排；逐渐变化；B)manage管理；处理；经营；支配；C)conduct管理；处理；指挥；D)monitor监控；监视；监测。如：Any
movement of prisoners is monitored by a computer.犯人的任何一举一动都受到电脑的监控。
60.B 许多人都认为沙漠是不毛之地，但实际上有许多动植物能在那里生存。A)virgin处女的；未开垦的。如:virgin wood原始林地。B)barren贫瘠的，不毛的；不妊的；不育。如:a
barren hillside光秃秃的山坡。a barren woman 不能生育的妇女。C)void 空的；没有的；无效的；D)wretched不幸的；可怜的；卑鄙的。
Part Ⅳ Cloze
【短文大意】本文谈及的是有关喷气飞行时差反应引起的问题，以及研究人员为克服这一现象而提出的a new antijetlag system。
61.C prone to易于…… 的；有……倾向的，是固定搭配。
62.D rupture破裂，绝交；corruption腐败，腐烂，败坏；eruption火山爆发，发作，发出；disruption分列，瓦解；断绝。
63.B action行动，动作，作用； function功能，官能，机能；reflection倒影，反映，反射 behavior行为，举止。
64.A regular定期的，定时规则的；formal正式的，，形式上的；continual不断的，频繁的；circular循环的，圆形的。
65.B retain保持，保留；encounter遇到，遭遇；possess拥有，占有；experience经验，经历。
66.B disease疾病；symptoms症侯，症状；sign征兆，迹象；标记，符号；defect欠缺，缺陷；缺点。67.A
while当时； whereas而，却，反之；if如果，假使；although即使，虽然。
68.C adaptable可改编的，可改造的，适应的；approachable易亲近的，可接近的，可到达的；available可获得的，可利用的；agreeable令人愉快的；易相处的。
69.C broad宽的，坦率的；inclusive包括的，算在内的；tentative尝试的，实验性的；extensive广博的，广泛的。
70.A devise(设计，想出)strategy来克服时差，符合题意和逻辑。recognize认出，识别，承认；scrutinize细看，详查；visualize想象，设想。
71.B 介词搭配through可表示作用、方法、工具及原因。
72.A most作代词，表示大部分，大多数。
73.C retrieve找回，再获得。根据either…or avoid bright light结构和语境，可知应选择C）合理。attain获得，达到；shed脱落，脱去；流出；
seek寻找；寻求；探求。
74.C schedule for 是习惯搭配。
75.B unique 唯一的，独一无二的；specific明确的，具体的；特定的；complicated错综复杂的，麻烦的；peculiar独特的，古怪的，特殊的。
76.C 此处指的是睡眠模式，故答案为C）pattern 模型；模式；图案。norm标准，准则；mode(说话、做事或行为的)方式，方法；式样；
style风格，文体；时髦。
77.B directory电话簿，姓名住址录；instruction指令，指示，说明；指导。specification详述；规格，说明书；commentary评注；解说词；注解。instruction
on 意为“关于……的指令(说明)”, 符合句意。
78.C call off取消；call on/at访问，拜访；号召，呼唤；call for要求，需要；call up打电话；使人想起。根据句意C符合逻辑。
79.A 从此句的前一部分可看出这是一个并列句，由两个or 连接的三个平行分句。
80.D agitation议论；骚乱；搅拌；spur踢马刺，靴刺；刺激物；acceleration加速，加速度；stimulus刺激，刺激物；激励，鼓励。从最后两段可知本句是讲光线刺激的作用。故D为正确答案。
Part Ⅴ Writing
Reading Selectively or Extensively?
Like some children very picky about their food, some people are
very picky about their books they choose to read. They just select
books they think suitable or useful for them. They say that in a
knowledgeexploding world, it is impossible for a person to finish
reading all those books. Such an ambition will lead to nothing but
a waste of time, money and energy. Another reason for them so picky
about their books is that they believe selected reading usually
gives one more time to think and so makes one a better reader. Therefore
they hold that people
should read selectively.But there are other people who prefer reading
extensively. “A man having read all kinds of books,” in their mind,“is
a very high praise for a person.”They
also believe in the old Chinese saying: “Never regret you have read
too few when you need to use what you have learnt from books.” They
do not just pick out some books to read, but read whatever book
at hand. For they think that the more one reads, the more freedom
one can get in this fast changing world.
In my opinion, people should read both selectively and extensively.
On one hand, we should read selectively for special knowledge or
for careful study. On the other hand, we should read extensively
for learning more about the world or for entertainment. That is
perhaps why even in our English study, we have both intensive reading
and extensive reading. So my idea of good reading is reading both
selectively and extensively.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the
passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with
the information given in the passage;
y (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in
the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10. complete the sentences with the information
given in the passage.
Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online
Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all
types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another
person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception,
typically for economic gain.
The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add
up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates
that as many as 750.000 Americans are victims of identity theft
every year. And thai number may be low, as many people choose not
to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.
Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic," states Robert
Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. "It's
certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It's worldwide.
It affects everybody, and there's very little you can do to prevent
it and, worst of all. you can't detect it until it's probably too
late."
OnfficTyour fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be
given to someone else for their use, your personal data, especially
your social security number, your bank account or credit card number,
your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying
data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally
profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example,
many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds
out of their bank or financial accounts, or. in the worst cases,
taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and
committing crimes while using ihe victims' names. In many cases,
a victim's losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses,
but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying
to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous
information for which the criminal is responsible.
According to Ihe FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed
on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while
continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful
online job search is learning to manage the risks. Here are some
tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet.
1. Check for a privacy policy.
If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the
job search site you are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerBuilder.com
The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored
and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice
about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your
information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted
calls from solicitors (4MB $ ).
When reviewing the site's privacy policy, you'll be able to delete
your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won't necessarily
want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land
a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job
board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it
will receive.
2. Take advantage of site features.
Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before
posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objectives
and the level of risk you are willing to assume.
CareerBuilder.com, for example, offers three levels of privacy from
which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This
option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility
to the broadest employer audience possible.
The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the
same visibility as those in the standard posting category without
any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who
wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information
may choose which pieces of contact information to display.
The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to
post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting
allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear
on CareerBuilder.com without retyping their information.
3. Safeguard your identity.
Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe
while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their
identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的)
identifier, such as "Intranet Developer Candidate," or
"Experienced Marketing Representative."
You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your
current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that
difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company
is provided. Use a general description of the company such as "Major
auto manufacturer." or "International packaged goods supplier."
If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent
instead of the exacnitle assigned by your employer.
4. Establish an email address for your search.
Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online
is to open up an email account specifically for your online job
search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event
someone you don't know gets hold of your email address and shares
it with others.
Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates
the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary
mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn't
contain references to your name or other information that will give
away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is
relevant to the job you are seeking such as Salesmgr2004@provider.com.
5. Protect your references.
If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information
of your references. take it out. There's no sense in safeguarding
your information while sharing private contact information of your
references.
6. Keep confidential (机密的)information confidential.
Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver's
license, and bank account numbers or other personal information,
such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information
with an initial application. Don't provide this even if they say
they need it in order lo conduct a background check. This is one
of the oldest tricks in the book - don't fall for it.
1. Robert Ellis Smith believes identily theft is difficult to detect
and one can hardly do anything to prevent it.
2. In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims' immediate
financial losses but costs them a lot to restore their reputation.
3. Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhat
overestimated.
4. It is important that your resume not stay online longer than
is necessary.
5. Of the three options offered by CareerBuilder.com in Suggestion
2. the third one is apparently most strongly recommended.
6. Employers require applicants to submit very personal information
on background checks.
7. Applicants are advised to use generic names for themselves and
their current employers when seeking employment online.
8. Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent
you from receiving________.
9. To protect your references, you should not post online their________.
10. According to the passage, identity theft is committed typically
for________.
广州新东方的参考答案：
1 Y，根据人名Robert Ellis Smith定位在原文第三段, 可直接对应原文内容。
2 Y, 根据financial loss及restore reputation两组关键词对应原文第四段。
3 N, 对应原文第三段第一句话，Smith说identity theft is an absolute epidemic. 与选项中的minor
offence及harm is overestimated内容矛盾。
4 Y, 对应原文第一个小标题Suggestion 1下第二段内容，直接对应，“如果找到工作后，不要把简历放在网上。”
5 NG, 对应原文第二个小标题Suggestion 2, 选项直接给出定位点，该建议包括三项内容，选项中most strongly
recommended并无给出相关的对应信息，选NG。
6 N, 对应原文最后一段的第六个小标题，原文说公司不要求你在求职时提交银行帐号，社会保障号码等，与选项provide very
personal information矛盾。
7 Y, 对应原文第三个小标题下第一段和第二段内容，网上求职不要用真名，用generic name。
8 unwelcome emails 对应第四个小标题，原文倒数第三段。
9 names and contact information 对应原文倒数倒数第二段，根据小标题定位容易。
10 economic gains，对应原文首段最后一句话“typically for economic gains.”
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
11.
A) H could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.
B) II was mainly meant for cancer patients.
C) It might appeal more to viewers over 40.
D) It was frequently interrupted by commercials.
12.
A) The man is fond of traveling.
B) The woman is a photographer.
C) The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.
D)The man admires the woman's talent in writing.
13.
A) The man regrets being absent-minded.
B) The woman saved the man some trouble.
C) The man placed the reading list on a desk.
D) The woman emptied the waste paper basket.
14.
A) He quit teaching in June.
B) He has left the army recently.
C) He opened a restaurant near the school.
D) He has taken over his brother's business.
15.
A) She seldom reads books from cover to cover.
B) She is interested in reading novels.
C) She read only part of the book.
D) She was eager to know what the book was about.
16.
A) She was absent atl week owing to sickness.
B) She was seriously injured in a car accident.
C) She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.
D) She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.
17.
A) The speakers want to rent the Smiths" old house.
B) The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.
C) The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.
D) The Smiths' new house is not far from their old one.
18.
A) The man had a hard lime finding a parking space.
B) The woman found ihcy had got to the wrong spot.
C） The woman was offended by the man's late arrival.
D) The man couldn't find his car in the parking lot.
Questions 19 lo 22 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
19.
A) The hotel clerk had pui his reservation under another name.
B) The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.
C) The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.
D) The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.
20.
A) A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.
B) There was a conference going on in the city.
C) The hotel was undergoing major repairs.
D）It was a busy season for holidav-makers.
21.
A) It was free of charge on weekends.
B)Ithada 15% discount on weekdays.
C) It was offered to frequent guests only.
D) It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.
22
A) L>emand compensation from the hotel.
B) Ask for an additional discount.
C) Complain to the hotel manager.
D) Find a cheaper room in another hotel.
Questions 23 lo 25 arc based on ihe conversation you have just heard.
23.
A)An employee in the city council at Birmingham.
B) Assistant Director of the Admissions Office
C) Head of the Overseas Students Office.
D) Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.
24.
A) Nearly fitly percent arc foreigners.
B) About fifteen perceni are from Africa.
C) A large majority are from Latin America.
D) A small number are from the Far East.
25.
A) She will have more contact with students.
B) It will bring her capability into fuller play.
C) She will be more involved in policy-making.
D) It will be less demanding than her present job
Section B
Passage 1
26.
A) Her parcnls thrived in the urban environment.
B) Her parents lefl Chicago to work on a farm.
C) Her parents immigrated to America.
D) Her parents set up an ice-cream store.
27
A) He taught English in Chicago.
B) He was crippled in a car accident.
C) He worked to become an executive.
D) He was bom with a limp.
28.
A) She was fond of living an isolated life.
B) She was fascinated by American culture.
C) She was very generous in offering help.
D) She was highly devoted lo her family.
Passage 2
29.
A) He suffered a nervous breakdown. C) He was seriously injured.
B) He was wrongly diagnosed. D) He developed a sirangc disease.
30.
A) He was able lo talk again.
B) He raced to the nursing home.
C) He could tell red and blue apart.
D) He could not recognize his wife.
31.
A) Twenty-nine days.
B) Two and a half months.
C) Several minutes.
D) Fobburteen hours.
32.
A) They welcomed the publicity in the media.
B) They avoided appearing on television.
C) They released a video of his progress.
D) They declined to give details of his condition.
Passage 3
33.
A) For people lo share ideas and show farm products.
B) For officials lo educate the farming community.
C) For farmers to exchange iheir daily necessities.
D) For farmers to celebrate their harvests.
34.
A) By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.
B) By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.
C) By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.
D) By performing a special skill at the entrance.
35.
A) They contribute to the modernization of American farms
B) They help to increase the state governments' revenue.
C) They provide a stage for people to give performances.
D) They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.
Section C
Students' pressure somciimes comes from their parents. Most parents
are well (36) _________but some of them aren't very helpful with
the problems their sons and daughters have in (37)____________to
college, and a few of them seem to go out of their wav to add to
their children's
For one thing, parents arc often not (38)____________of the kinds
of problems their children
face. They don't realize that the (39)____________is keener, that
the required (40)___________
of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared
for the change. (41)___________to seeing A's and B's on high school
report cards, they may be upset when their children's first
(42)_____________college grades are below- that level. At their
kindest, they may gently
(43)____________why John or Mary isn't doing better, whether he
or she is trying as hard as he or
she should, and so on. (44)__________________________________________________________
Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves
and (45)_______________
In their involvement and identification with their children, they
forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop
in his or her own way. They forget that their children.(46)________________________________________
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Questions 47 to 56 arc based on the following passage.
Years ago. doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life.
In particular, when older patients 47 of pain, they were told it
was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live
with it.
Times have changed. Today, we lake pain _48_Indeed, pain is now
considered the fifth vital ,as important as blood pressure, temperature,
breathing rate and pulse in _49_ a person's well-being. We know
that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a person's life, causing
problems that. _50_from missed work to depression.
Thai's why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians
who_51_in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the
pain, which can help us (real the pain belter, but we also help
provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological
and social __52_Wrelated to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy
often 53 the work of social workers.psychiatrists (心理阅读) and psychologists,
as well as specialists in pain medicine.
This modern 54 for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative
treatments which
arc more effeclive and with fewer side effects than ever before.
Decades ago. there were only a
55 number of drugs available, and many of them caused 56 side effects
in older people.
including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword:
the medications helped relieve
the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the
pain itself.
A) result I ) determining
B) involves J ) limited
C) significant K) gravely
D) range L) complained
E) relieved M) respect
F) issues N) prompting
G) seriously O) specialize
H) magnificent
答案：LGIDOFBNJC
Section B
I've been writing for most of my life The book Writing Without Teachers
introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped
my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the
creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both
to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter
how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly (he single greatest
barrier to writing that most of us encounter- If you are listening
to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you
are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will
die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with
the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must
learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing
the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of
try'nS W edit as you write is what Elbow calls ''free writing."
In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop,
usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing.
The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow,
the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured
on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that yoii can begin to work with using
the critical mind that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch
quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more
time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly
at the page as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank screen start filling it with words
no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and
rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result
will most likely be far better than your current practices.
57. When the author says !he creative mind and the critical mind
"cannot work in parallel" (Line 4 Para. I) in the writing
process, he means________.
A) no one can be both creative and critical
B) they cannot be regarded as equally important
C) they are in constant conflict with each other
D) one cannot use them at the same time
58. What prevents people from writing on is________.
A) putting their ideal in raw form
B) attempting to edit as they write
C) ignoring grammatical soundness
D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts
59. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?
A) To organize one's thoughts logically.
B) To choose an appropriate topic.
c) To get one's ideas down.
D) To collect raw materials.
60. One common concern of writers about "free writing"
is that ________
A) it ovcrstresscs the role of the creative mind
B) it takes too much lime to edit afterwards
C) ii may bring about too much criticism
D) it docs not help them to think clearly
61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing
process?
A) It refines his writing into better shape.
B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C) It saves the writing time available to him.
D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.
passage2
I don't ever want 10 talk about being a woman scientist again.
There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories
about what it's like to work in a field dominated by men. 1 was
never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never
found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin
of the universe, ihe shape of space-lime and the nature of black
holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, il did not bother me
in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning
my Ph.D. at MIT and then as 3 post-doctor doing space research,
the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research
papers, awards— was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics.
So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument
on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture
(培育), 1 would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago. out of my mouth came a sentence that
would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I
don't talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the
confidence I had at 19 and to realize that 1 didn't want to deal
with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible
burden on every female scientist? After all. 1 don't study sociology
or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New
York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of tlie 45 students
in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being
able to answer. 45. I know some of my students worry how ihcy will
manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And
1 don't dismiss those concerns. Still. 1 don't tell them "war"
stories. Instead. I have given them this: the visual of their physics
professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn
they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science.
And that's a sight worth talking about.
62. Why doesn't ihc author want to talk about being a woman scientist
again?
A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D) She finds space research more important.
63. From Paragraph 2. we can infer that people would attribute
the author's failures to_______
A) the very fact that she is a woman
B) her involvement in gender politics
C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her
Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B) Unfair accusations from both tfiside and outside her circle.
C) People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.
D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture
65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about
her class?
A) Female students no longer have to boihcr about gender issues.
B) Her students' performance has brought back her confidence.
C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.
D) More female students are pursuing science than before.
66. What docs the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A) Women students needn't have the concerns of her generation.
B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D) Women now have fewer problcmsmirsuinga science career.
Part V
An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8. 2005. It took some 75.000 lives,_67_130,000
and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes.
_68_ overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed
_69_the region, tended by international aid
organizations, military_70_and aid groups working day and night
to shelter the survivors before u inter set_71_.
Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the_72_of spring, the
refugees will be moved again.
Camps that_73_health care, food and shelter for
150,000 survivors have begun to close as they were
_74_intended to be permanent.
For most of the refugees, the thought of going
back brings._75_, emotions. The past six months
have been difficult. Families of _76_ many as 10
people have had to shelter _77_a single tent and
share cookstoves and bathing_78_with neighbors. "They are looking
forward to the clean water of their rivers," officials say.
"They are_79_of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to
their herds and
start_80_again." Bui mosi will be retuming to
_81_but heaps of ruins. In many villages, elecuica!
_82_ have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid
workers _83_thai it will lake years (o rebuild what
the earthquake look_84_. And for the thousands urvivors. the_85_,
will never be complete.
Yet the survivors have lo start somewhere. New homes can be built__86__the
stones, bricks and
beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good
lime lo start again.
67. A) injured B)ruined C) destroyed D) damaged
68. A) Altogether B) Almost C) Scarcely D) Surely
69. A) among B )above C) amid D) across
70. A) ranks B) equipment C)equipment D) installations
71. A) out B)in C)on D) forth
72. A)falling B) emergence C) arrival D)appearing
73. A) strengthened B) aided C) transferred D) provided
74. A) never B)once C)ever D) yet
75. A) puzzled B) contrasted C) doubled D) mixed
76. A) like B)as C)so D)too
77. A) by B) below C) under D) with
78. A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances
79. A) seeking B) dreaming C) longing D) searching
80. A) producing B) cultivating C) farming D) nourishing
81. A) anything' B) something C) everything D) nothing
82. A) lines B) channels C) paths D) currents
83. A) account B) measure C)estimate D) evaluate
84. A) aside B) away C)up D)out
85. A) reservation B) rclrcai C) replacement D) recovery
86. A) from B) ih rough C)upon D) onto
87. The finding of this study failed to.____________________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)
88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is____________________（我们可以合作的领域）
89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete____________________(决定退出比赛）
90. To make donations or for more information, please____________________（按以下地址和我们联系）
91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning____________________（如果你方便的话）
87 The finding of this study failed to ( 将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内) consider
the quality of human's sleep.
88 The prevention and treatment of AIDS is (我们可以合作的领域) one field
of our cooperation.
89 Because of the leg injury, the athelete (决定退出比赛) decided/decides
to quit the match.
90 To make donations or for more information, please (按以下地址和我们联系)
contact us at the following address.
91 Please come here at ten tomorrow morning (如果你方便的话) at your convenience.
2005年6月四级真题
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people.
B) The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf.
C) The tools have already been returned to the woman.
D) The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.
2. A) Give the ring to a policeman.
B) Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room.
C) Hand in the ring to the security office.
D) Take the ring to the administration building.
3. A) Save time by using a computer.
B) Buy her own computer
C) Borrow Martha’s computer.
D) Stay home and complete her paper
4. A) The man doesn’t have money for his daughter’s graduate studies.
B) The man doesn’t think his daughter will get a business degree.
C) The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in
science.
D) The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making
her decision.
5. A) The cinema is some distance away from where they are.
B) He would like to read the film review in the newspaper.
C) They should wait to see the movie at a later time.
D) He’ll find his way to the cinema.
6. A) He’s been to Seattle many times.
B) He has chaired a lot of conferences.
C) He has a high position in his company.
D) He lived in Seattle for many years.
7. A) Teacher and student.
B) Doctor and patient. .
C) Manager and office worker.
D) Travel agent and customer
8. A) She knows the guy who will give the lecture .
B) She thinks the lecture might be informative
C) She wants to add something to her lecture .
D) She’ll finished her report this weekend
9. A) An art museum. B) A beautiful park.
C) A college campus D) An architectural exhibition
10. A) The houses for sale are of poor quality
B) The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy
C) The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers
D) The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale
Section B
Passage 1
11. A) Synthetic fuel B) Solar energy
C) Alcohol D) Electricity
12. A) Air traffic conditions B) Traffic jams on highways
C) Road conditions D) New traffic rules
13. A) Go through a health check B) Carry little luggage
C) Arrive early for boarding D) Undergo security checks
Passage 2
14. A) In a fast-food restaurant B) At a shopping center
C) At a county fair D) In a bakery
15. A) Avoid eating any food
B) Prepare the right type of pie to eat
C) Wash his hands thoroughly
D) Practice eating a pie quickly
16. A) On the table B) Behind his back
C) Under his bottom D) On his lap
17. A) Looking sideways to see how fast your neighbor eats.
B) Eating from the outside toward the middle
C) Swallowing the pie with water
D) Holding the pie in the right position
Passage 3
18. A) Beauty B) Loyalty
C) Luck D) Durability
19. A) He wanted to follow the tradition of his country
B) He believed that it symbolized an everlasting marriage
C) It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to
the heart
D) It was supposed that the diamond on that finger would bring good
luck
20. A) The two people can learn about each other’s likes and dislikes
B) The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match
C) The two people can have time to shop for their new home.
D) The two people can earn enough money for their wedding
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
(保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future ? President
Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil
would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major
boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for
sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with
the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output
anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could
equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years.
By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for
the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut
back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi
Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar
windfall（意外之财）in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees
for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of
drilling say , damage to the environment would be insignificant
. “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto
the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan .
Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government
estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may
be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable
oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would
do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers
would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling
could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental
permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California
power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible
for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output – and just
3% of the nation’s.
21. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A) It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.
B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.
C) It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports
D) It will increase America’s energy consumption
22. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry
_______
A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields
B) tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil
C) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR
D) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia
23. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _________
A) it can cause serious damage to the environment
B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
C) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region
D) it will not have much commercial value
24. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line
1, Para .3)?
A) Oil exploitation takes a long time
B) The oil drilling should be delayed
C) Don’t be too optimistic
D) Don’t expect fast returns
25. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath
ANWR’s frozen earth ______.
A) remains a controversial issue
B) is expected to get under way soon
C) involves a lot of technological problems
D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent
Passage 2
“Tear ‘em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “ Murder the referee ( 裁判)！”
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events.
At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s
not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in
such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written
about the way words affect us .It has been shown that words having
certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign
to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior . I see
the term “opponent “ as one of those words . Perhaps the time has
come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent “is “adversary “:“enemy
“; “one who opposes your interests.” “Thus, when a player meets
an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.
At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action,
no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an
incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request
for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered
then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his
wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves
across the court without considering the consequences that such
a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed
a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking
by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during
the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that
make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which
departs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated(提升)the game to the level
where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting
world . Replacing the term “opponent “with “associate” could be
an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate “ is “colleague” ;
“friend” ; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly
feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather
than “opponent.”
26. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s
view?
A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences
B) The words people use can influence their behavior
C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes
D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports
field
27. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players _______
A) are too eager to win
B) are usually short-tempered and easily offended
C) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
D) treat their rivals as enemies
28. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time
out to change his gloves?
A) He refused to continue the game
B) He angrily hit the referee with a ball
C) He claimed that the referee was unfair
D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt
29. According to the passage, players, in a game , may _______
A) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their
way
B) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
C) lie down on the ground as an act of protest
D) kick the ball across the court with force
30. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved
by ______
A) calling on players to use clean language on the court
B) raising the referee’s sense of responsibility
C) changing the attitude of players on the sports field
D) regulating the relationship between players and referees
Passage 3
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩)
of environmental claims made by household products, according to
a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday
.
Among the report’s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer
described itself as “ earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said
it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be
“environmentally friendlier”
The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer
Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded
by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
“ While many good and useful claims are being made , it is clear
there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed
about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers
International director Anna Fielder .
The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain. Western
Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products
sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental
claims on average.
The report focused on claims made by specific products , such as
detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products . It did
not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set
by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September,
1999.
Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made
by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading
to meet ISO standards.
“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally
friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said
report researcher Philip Page.
“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household
cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were
third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing
it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.”
he said.
The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product
packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and
“non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for
is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by
the ISO.” said Page.
31. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ______
A) all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
B) the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving
C) consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claim
D) few products actually prove to be environment friendly
32. As indicated in this passage , with so many good claims , the
consumers ___
A) are becoming more cautious about the products they are going
to buy
B) are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling
C) are becoming more aware of the effects different products have
on the environment
D) still do not know the exact impact of different products on the
environment
33. A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to _______
A) find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental
standards
B) inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products
they buy
C) examine claims made by products against ISO standards
D) revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization
34. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of
household products?
A) They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems
B) Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false
C) They could arouse widespread anger among consumer
D) Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need
35. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer
International wants to ____.
A) make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
B) see all household products meet environmental standards
C) warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products
D) verify the efforts of non-polluting products
Passage 4
Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia
live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern
Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance
of other wildlife.
The streams, lakes, meadows (草地), mountain ridges and forests that
make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted
more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for
housing estates and important habitats (栖息地) are endangered by highway
construction . To protect the Poconos’ natural beauty from irresponsible
development, the Nature Conservancy (大自然保护协会) named the area one
of America’s “Last Great Places”.
Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long
Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local
people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental
protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose,
the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres
of environmentally important land in the area.
Altemose’s family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations.
Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his
farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s
land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be
better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old
grandson.
Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having
a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents
“The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with
the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect
the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife.
They are eager to help with conservation effort.
For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy
protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,” please
call 1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at www.tnc.org.
36. The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last
Great Places” is to ________
A) gain support from the local community
B) protect it from irresponsible development
C) make it a better home for black bears
D) provide financial security for future generations
37. We learn from the passage that _______
A) the population in the Pocono area is growing
B) wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidly
C) the security of the Pocono residents is being threatened
D) farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast
38. What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?
A) The setting up of an environmental protection website
B) Support from organizations like The Nature Conservancy
C) Cooperation with the local residents and business leaders
D) Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program
39. What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence “ (Line
1, Para. 5)?
A) Financial contributions from local business leaders
B) Consideration of the interests of the local residents
C) The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the
area
D) The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono
area
40. The passage most probably is ________
A) an official document
B) a news story
C) an advertisement
D) a research report
Part III Vocabulary
41. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it
enables you to enter and _______your text more easily
A) register B) edit
C) propose D) discharge
42. We don’t know why so many people in that region like to wear
dresses of such ______colors
A) low B) humble
C) mild D) dull
43. The news has just _____ that the president is going to visit
China next month
A) come down B) come up
C) come out D) come about
44. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened
if misunderstanding and mistrust were removed
A) tension B) strain
C) stress D) intensity
45. The other day , Mum and I went to St. James’s Hospital , and
they did lots and lots of tests on me , most of them _____ and frightening
A) cheerful B) horrible
C) hostile D) friendly
46. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested
that it is never of great _.
A) fare B) payment
C) worth D) expense
47. The writer was so ____ in her work that she didn’t notice him
enter the room
A) absorbed B) abandoned
C) focused D) centered
48. Actually, information technology can ______ the gap between
the poor and the rich.
A) link B) break
C) ally D) bridge
49. Some research workers completely ______ all those facts as though
they never existed.
A) ignore B) leave
C) refuse D) miss
50. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint
files to match a print at a crime ______.
A) stage B) scene
C) location D) occasion
51. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that
language helps to ______ a culture
A) retain B) relate
C) remark D) review
52. Companies are struggling to find the right _______between supply
and demand, but it is no easy task
A) equation B) formula
C) balance D) pattern
53. Mass advertising helped to _______ the emphasis from the production
of goods to their consumption
A) vary B) shift
C) lay D) moderate
54. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace
and _____ and all previously neglected matters were taken care of.
A) conviction B) contest
C) consent D) content
55. I know you’ve got a smooth tongue, so don’t talk me ______ buying
it
A) away B) down
C) out D) into
56. Showing some sense of humor can be a(n) _______ way to deal
with some stressful situation
A) effective B) efficient
C) favorable D) favorite
57. The situation described in the report ______ terrible, but it
may not happen
A) inclines B) maintains
C) sounds D) remains
58. The company is trying every means to ______ the wholesale price
of its products
A) pull down B) put down
C) set down D) bring down
59. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his
heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims
A) rewarded B) awarded
C) credited D) prized
60. The native Canadians lived in _______ with nature, for they
respected nature as a provider of life
A) coordination B) acquaintance
C) contact D) harmony
61. Many people are asking whether traditional research universities
in fact have any future _______.
A) at all B) so far
C) in all D) on end
62. I was impressed _______ the efficiency of the work done in the
company
A) in B) about
C) with D) for
63. Now in Britain, wines take up four times as much ______ in the
storehouse as both beer and spirits
A) block B) land
C) patch D) space
64. His hand shook a little as he _______ the key in the lock
A) squeezed B) inserted
C) stuffed D) pierced
65. For professional athletes, _______ to the Olympics means that
they have a chance to enter the history books
A) access B) attachment
C) appeal D) approach
66. In the long _________, the new information technologies may
fundamentally alter out way of
A) view B) distance
C) jump D) run
67. All the arrangements should be completed _______ your departure.
A) prior to B) superior to
C) contrary to D) parallel to
68. We need to create education standards that prepare our next
generation who will be _______ with an even more competitive market
A) tackled B) encountered
C) dealt D) confronted
69. In the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to
produce one vehicle in Japan was ______ equivalent to that in the
United States
A) rudely B) roughly
C) readily D) coarsely
70. Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster
______ we radically change way we live
A) but B) although
C) unless D) lest
Part IV Short Answer Questions
We commonly think of sportsmanship in connection with athletic contests,
but it also applies to individual outdoor sports. Not everyone who
picks up a fishing rod or goes out with a gun is a sportsman. The
sportsman first of all obeys the fish and game laws, not because
he is liable to be punished as a violator, but because he knows
that in the main these laws are made for his best interests.
The following are some of the things that those who would qualify
for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity (圈内人) will do.
1. Take no more game than the bag limit provided for by the fish
and game laws. The person who comes back from a trip boasting about
the large number of fish or game taken is not a sportsman but a
game hog (贪得无厌的捕猎者) .
2. Observe the unwritten rules of fair play. This means shooting
game birds only when the birds are “on the wing”. For the same reason,
do not use a shotgun to shoot a rabbit or similar animal while it
is sitting or standing still.
3. Be careful in removing illegal or undersized fish from the hook.
This should be done only after wetting the hands. This is necessary
because the body of the fish is covered with a thin, protective
film which will stick to your dry hands. If the hands are dry when
the fish is handled, the film is torn from the body of the fish.
Without the protective film, the fish is more easily attacked by
diseases. If you wish to release a fish that is hooked in such a
way that it will be impossible to be close to the hook as convenient.
In a remarkably short time, the hook will break down and the fish
will remain almost unharmed. Fish have been known to feed successfully
while hooks were still in their lips.
4. Be sure of the identity of your target before you shoot. Many
useful and harmless species of wildlife are thoughtlessly killed
by the uninformed person who is out with a gun to kill whatever
flies within range.
S1. In what respect does the author think individual outdoor sports
are similar to athletic contests?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
S2. A person who goes out fishing with a fishing rod or hunting
with a gun is not necessarily _________.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
S3. What’s the most important thing a true sportsman should bear
in mind when he goes fishing or hunting _______.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
S4.Those who violate the fish and game laws will not be ______ for
membership in the sportsmanship fraternity.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
S5. What are people called when they break the bag limit and boast
about their big catch?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
S6. A true sportsman will not shoot an animal which is not ______
S7. What are people advised to do before they remove illegal or
undersized fish from the hook?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
S8. What should sportsman do to avoid killing rare species of wildlife?
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________
Part Ⅴ Writing
Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day . you
should write at least 120 words following the outline given below：
1、 向老师致以节日祝贺
2、 从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献
3、 我如何回报老师的关爱
Part I Listening Comprehension
1 D The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing .
2 C Hand in the ring to the security office .
3 B Buy her own computer
4 D The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making
her decision .
5 A The cinema is some distance away from where they are .
6 A He’s been to Seattle many times .
7 C Manager and office worker .
8 B She thinks the lecture might be informative
9 C A college campus
10 D The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale
11 D Electricity
12 A Air traffic conditions
13 B Carry little luggage
14 C At a county fair
15 A Avoid eating any food
16 B Behind his back
17 B Eating from the outside toward the middle
18 A Beauty
19 C It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to
the heart
20 B The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match
Part II Reading Comprehension
21 C It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports
22 A believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields
23 B it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
24 C Don’t be too optimistic
25 A remains a controversial issue
26 B The words people use can influence their behavior
27 D treat their rivals as enemies
28 D He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt
29 A deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their
way
30 c changing the attitude of players on the sports field
2006年6英语四级真题 文字版 B卷
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.
At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about
what war said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken
only once: After each question there will be a pause. During the
pause, you maxi read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
and decide which is, the best answer. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) At the office. B) In the waiting room. C) At the airport.
D) In a restaurant
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about
some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is
most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At
the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the
Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] ID]
1. A) They went a long way to attend the party.
B) They didn't think much of the food and drinks.
C) They knew none of the other guests at the party.
D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.
2. A) To the bookstore. C) To the market.
B) To the dentist's. D) To the post office.
3. A) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.
B) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions.
C) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.
D) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician.
4. A) Tom is usually talkative. C) Tom has dozens of things to
attend to.
B) Tom has a very bad temper. D) Tom is disliked by his colleagues.
5. A) To pickup the woman from the library.
B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.
C) To find out more about the topic for the seminar.
D) To get the seminar schedule for the woman.
6. A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.
B) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore.
C) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore.
D) The man doesn't want to sell his textbooks to the woman.
7. A) Attend a conference.
B) Give a speech.
C) Meet his lawyer.
D) Make a business trip.
8 A) Jessie always says what she thinks.
B) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind.
C) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss.
D) Jessie should know the marketing director better. t
9. A) Heien is talkative.
B) Helen is active.
C) Helen is sociable.
D) Helen is quiet.
10. A) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman.
B) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions.
C) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house.
D) Jimmy's words are often not reliable.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At
the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.
B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.
C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.
D) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.
12. A) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.
B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.
C) They will become too hard to plough.
D) People will find it hard to protect the soil.
13. A) The farmers there have brought it under control.
B) The factories there have found a good use for it.
C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.
D) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) A business corporation.
B) The universe as a whole.
C) A society of legal professionals.
D) An association of teachers and scholars.
15. A) Its largest expansion took place during that period.
B) Its role in society went through a dramatic change.
C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones.
D) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.
16. A) Private donations.
B) Government funding.
C) Grants from corporations.
D) Fees paid by students.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.
B) He was interested in the study of wild animals.
C) He started the organization Heifer International.
D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.
18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.
B) To make plans for the development of poor communities.
C) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.
D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.
19. A) They should help other families the way they have been
helped.
B) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors.
C) They should submit a report of their needs and goals.
D) They should provide food for the local communities.
20. A) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.
B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.
C) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.
D) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America.
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is
followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of
them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should
decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the
Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent
years. enhanced by chronic (长久的 ) personnel shortages that are causing
companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.
Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries
for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their
batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more
responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they
may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity
to learn a second language.
When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or
curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing:
a one- or two-page document describing one's educational qualifications
and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a
r6sum6 are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what
is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country
culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision.
The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document.
The following list is a good place to start.
"Educational requirements differ from country to country.
In almost every case of 'cross- border' job hunting, just stating
the title of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide
the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.
" daohangtigong
Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological
order. Chronological order means listing your 'oldest' work experience
first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or
most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about
which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines.
the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.
"
If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the
recipient （收件人) uses British English or American English because
there are variations between the two versions. For example, university
education is often referred to as 'tertiary education' in the United
Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States.
A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that
your resume contains errors.
21. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because
A) they find foreign employees are usually more talented
B) they need original ideas from employees hired overseas
C) they want to expand their business beyond home borders
D) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home
22. The author believes that an individual who applies to work
overseas
A) is usually creative and full of initiative
B) aims to improve his foreign language skills
C) is dissatisfied with his own life at home
D) seeks either his own or his children's development
23. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to
A) take cultural factors into consideration
B) learn about the company's hiring process
C) follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting
D) know the employer's personal likes and dislikes
24. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised
to
A) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker
B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at
home
C) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences
D) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a 'cross-border'
career
25. According to the author's last piece of advice, the applicants
should be aware of
A) the different educational systems in the US and the UK
B) the differences between the varieties of English
C) the recipient's preference with regard to the format
D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return
than any other investment available in the developing world. Women's
education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing
women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic
as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives
(激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so
many girls are deprived of an education.
Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters
because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution
to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's
family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than
boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are
sent to school - the prophecy （预言) becomes self- fulfilling, trapping
women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.
An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities
outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices.
She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist
on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters
are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes
it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as
of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus
transformed into a virtuous circle.
Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits.
But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously,
there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers.
Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling.
Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available
investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also
has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.
26. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries
is
A) troublesome
B) labor-saving
C) rewarding
D) expensive
27. By saying "... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling ..."
(Lines 45. Para. 2). the author means that
A) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys
B) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreams
C) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reach
D) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at
home
28. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a
virtuous circle when
A) women care more about education
B) girls can gain equal access to education
C) a family has fewer but healthier children
D) parents can afford their daughters' education
29. What does the author say about women's education?
A) It deserves greater attention than other social issues.
B) It is now given top priority in many developing countries.
C) It will yield greater returns than other known investments.
D) It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.
30. 7be passage mainly discusses
A) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries
B) the potential earning power of well-educated women
C) the major contributions of educated women to society
D) the economic and social benefits of educating women
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great
catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted
with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control
centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine
off, he will not be able to start it again.
The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains
a mini-cellphone, a micro- processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统)
satellite positioning receiver. ff the car is stolen, a coded cellphone
signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle's engine
management system and prevent the engine being restarted. daoahngtigong
In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder
for car thieves. 'The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,' says
Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him
a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare
minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.
Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management
computer won't allow them to start unless they receive a unique
ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies
like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime
since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways
to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owner's keys. And key
theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with
a tracking system.
If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their
ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it
has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms
due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.
Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that
the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle's
movements via the car's GPS unit.
31. What's the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a
car?
A) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.
B) To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.
C) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.
D) To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.
32. By saying 'The pattern of vehicle crime has changed' (Lines
1-2. Para. 3). Martyn Randall suggests that
A) it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing
B) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft
C) the thief has to make use of computer technology
D) the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years
old
33. What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?
A) A coded ignition key. C) A special cellphone signal.
B) A unique ID card. D) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.
34. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before
sending an alarm to the operations centre?
A) To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm.
B) To keep police informed of the car's movements.
C) To give the driver time to contact the operations centre.
D) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.
35. What will the operations centre do first after receiving an
alarm?
A) Start the tracking system.
B) Contact the car owner.
C) Block the car engine.
D) Locate the missing car.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Psychiatrists 精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity
can be an asset in child rearing - older parents are more thoughtful,
use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children.
But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find
themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining
energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active
child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents'
biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says
an economics professor. often means parents, particularly fathers,
"end up retiring much later." For many, retirement becomes
an unobtainable dream.
Henry Metcalf. a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money
to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out
first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader,
but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately
he's been taking afternoon naps (午睡) daohang to keep up his energy.
"My body is aging," says Metcalf. "You can't get
away from that."
Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological
clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say
fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. "They worry they'll
be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting
up out of those little chairs in nursery school," says Joann
Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little
fears there is often a much bigger one: "that they won't be
alive long enough to support and protect their child," she
says.
Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just
the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertilily
(受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins.
"We both wanted children," says Marilyn, who was 55 when
she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired
for years, "a sense of family." Kids of older dads are
often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are
more involved in their lives. 'The dads are older, more mature,"
says Dr. Silber, "and more ready to focus on parenting."
36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child
rearing?
A) Older parents are often better prepared financially.
B) Older parents can take better care of their children.
C) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their
children.
D) Older parents can better balance their resources against children's
demands.
37. What does the author mean by saying "For many, retirement
becomes an unobtainable dream" (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)?
A) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement
age.
B) They can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed
of.
C) They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.
D) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.
38. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that
A) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic
children
B) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age
C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies
D) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy
39. What's the biggest fear of older parents according to New
York psychologist Joan Galst?
A) Approaching of death. C) Being laughed at by other people.
B) Slowing down of their pace of life. D) Being mistaken for grandparents.
40. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?
A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.
B) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having
children.
C) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed
a family.
D) They believed that children born of older parents would be
smarter.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it: this part. For
each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose
cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the
Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through
the center.
4l. People's expectations about the future may have more influence
on their sense of well-being than their state does.
A) current
B) initial
C) modern
D) primitive
42. After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no to
go to the party with us.
A) taste
B) mood
C) sense
D) emotion
43. There is already clear to show that plants and animals are
being affected by climate change.
A) witness
B) certification
C) identity
D) evidence
44. Many women still feel that they are being by a male culture,
particularly in the professional services sector.
A) held back
B) held forth
C) held on
D) held out
45. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits
of customers, plus their motivation and
A) privileges
B) possibilities
C) possessions
D) preferences
46. It's good to know that quite a few popular English expressions
actually from the Bible.
A) acquire
B) obtain
C) derive
D) result
47. Tom, did it ever to you that you would be punished for cheating
on exams?
A) happen
B) occur
C) reflect
D) strike
48. In the US, 88 percent of smokers had started before they were
18, despite the fact that it is to sell
cigarettes to anyone under that age.
A) liable
B) liberal
C) irrational
D) illegal
49. According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the
criminal's most memorable facial
A) feature
B) hint
C) spot
D) signature
50. Brarll's constitution the military use of nuclear energy.
A) withdraws
B) forbids
C) interrupts
D) objects
51. Some people argue that the death does not necessarily reduce
the number of murders.
A) plot
B) practice
C) penalty
D) pattern
52. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder
to honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones.
A) distinguish
B) disguise
C) dissolve
D) discount
53. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are
less likely to the habit of smoking.
A) make up
B) turn up
C) draw up
D) pickup
54. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good on
a potential employer.
A) illusion
B) reputation
C) impression
D) reflection
55. A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for
students and faculty to together
in research activities.
A) specialize
B) participate
C) consist
D) involve
56. Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits
allow the couple to
their comfortable home.
A) come in for
B) catch up with
C) look forward to
D) hold on to
57. Although many experts agree that more children are overweight,
there is debate over the best ways to
the problem.
A) relate
B) tackle
C) file
D) attach
58. An important factor in determining how well you perform in
an examination is the of your mind.
A) state
B) case
C) situation
D) circumstance
59. Research shows that there is no relationship between how much
a person earns and whether he feels good about life.
A) successive
B) subsequent
C)significant
D) sincere
60. Sadly, as spending on private gardens has , spending on public
parks has generally declined.
A) heightened
B) lifted
C) flown
D) soared
61. Lung cancer, like some other cancers, often doesn't produce
until it is too late and has spread beyond the chest to the brain,
liver or bones.
A) trails
B) therapies
C) symptoms
D) symbols
62. With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50
to 60 years old are usually the first to be
A) laid off
B) laid aside
C) laid out
D) laid up
63. The physical differences between men and women can be directly
to our basic n as hunters and child-bearers.
A) pursued
B) traced
C) switched
D) followed
64. It is clear that the dog has a much greater of its brain devoted
to smell than is the case with humans.
A) composition
B) compound
C) percent
D) proportion
65. American college students are increasingly with credit card
debt and the consequences can be rather serious.
A) boosted
B) burdened
C) discharged
D) dominated
66. Numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to
better classroom
A) performance
B) function
C) behavior
D) display
67. The most successful post-career athletes are those who can
take the identity and fife skills the learned in sports and them
to another area of life.
A) utilize
B) employ
C) apply
D) exert
68. The technological advances made it possible for the middle
classes to enjoy what had once been only to the very rich.
A) manageable
B) measurable
C) acceptable
D) affordable
69. Being out of work, lane can no longer friends to dinners and
movies as she used to.
A) urge
B) treat
C) appeal
D) compel
70. by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained
hard and played intensely.
A) Imitated
B) Imposed
C) Insured
D) Inspired
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For
each blank there are jour choices marked A). B). C) and D) on the
right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits
into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer
Sheet with a single line through the centre.
The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm's attention
is the design of cities. buildings and products. When we designed
America's first so-called "green" office building in New
York two decades 7L_, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of
people come to green building conferences, and the 72 that buildings
can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly
influential in years to 73 .
Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for
decoration weren't designed for 74 use. The "energy-efficient"
sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis
75 indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint,
wall covering and carpet. So far 20 years. we've been focusing on
these materials 76 to the molecules, looking for ways to make them
77 for people and the planet.
Home builders can now use materials-such as paints that release
significantly _78_ amounts of organic compounds -that don't 79 the
quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately. 80_, our basic design
strategy is focused not simply on being "less bad" but
on creating 81 healthful materials that can be either safely returned
to the soil _82_ reused by industry again and again. As a matter
of _83, the world's largest carpet manufacturer has already _ 84_"_
a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable (可循环用的).
Look at it this way: No one __85 out to create a building that
destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are } 86
causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So 87_ of simply
trying to reduce the damage, we are _88_ a positive approach. We're
giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity
to make choices that have a 89 effect on the world. It's not just
the building industry, either. 90_ cities are taking these environmentally
positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland,
Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago
wants to be the greenest city in the world.
71. A) ago B) off C) before D) away
72. A) practice B) outlook C) idea D) scheme
73. A) go B) come C) arrive D) continue
74. A) indoor B) inward C) relevant D) flexible
75. A) displayed B) discovered C) exhibited D) revealed
76. A) back B) down C) next D) near
77. A) comfortable B) cautious C) safe D) stable
78. A) reduced B) revised C) descended D) delayed
79. A) deny B) depress C) dissolve D) destroy
80. A) besides B) however C) anyhow D) anyway
81. A)partially B) exactly C) completely D) superficially
82.A)or B)and C) but D) nor
83. A) interest B) fact C) principle D) course
84. A) sketched B) constructed C) researched D) developed
85. A) starts B) pulls C) looks D) makes
86. A) basically B) originally C) traditionally D) inevitably
87. A) because B) out C) instead D) regardless
88. A) adjusting B) admitting C) adopting D) adapting
89. A) functional B) beneficial C) precious D) sensible
90. A) Entire B) Total C) Full D) Complete
Part V. Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write
a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at Least 120 words
following the outline given below:
1．校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者
2．本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等
3．报名条件及联系方式
Volunteers Needed
1、 C They knew none of the other guests at the party.
2、 B To the dentist's
3、 C Dr.Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.
4、 A Tom is usually talkative.
5、 D To get the seminar schedule for the woman.
6、 A The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.
7、 B Meet his lawyer.
8、 A Jessic always says what she thinks.
9、 D Helen is quiet.
10、 D Jimmy's words are often not reliable.
11、 C It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.
12、 B They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.
13、 C The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.
14、 D An association of teachers and scholars
15、 A Its largest expansinon took place during that period.
16、 B Government funding.
17、 C He started the organization Heifer International.
18、 A To help starving families to become self-supporting.
19、 A They should help other families the way they have been helped.
20、 B It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.
21. D they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home
22. D seeks either his own or his children's development
23. A take cultural factors into consideration
24. C provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences
25. B the differences between the varieties of English
26. C rewarding
27. A girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys
28. B girls can gain equal access to education
29. C It will yield greater returns than other known investments.
30. D the economic and social benefits of educating women
31. C To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.
32. B self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft
33. A A coded ignition key.
34. D To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.
35. B Contact the car owner.
36. B Older parents can take better care of their children.
37. D They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.
38. C older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies
39. A Approaching of death.
40. C Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed
a family.
Vocabulary
41. A current
42. B mood
43. D evidence
44. A held back
45. D preferences
46. C derive
47. B occur
48. D illegal
49. A feature
50. B forbids
51. C penalty
52. A distinguish
53. D pick up
54. C impression
55. B participate
56. D hold on to
57. B tackle
58. A state
59. C significant
60. D soared
61. C symptoms
62. A laid off
63. B traced
64. D proportion
65. B burdened
66. A performance
67. C apply
68. D affordable
69. B treat
70. D Inspired
71. A ago 72. C idea 73. B come 74. A indoor 75. D revealed
76. B down 77. C safe 78. A reduced 79. D destroy 80. B however
81. C completely 82. A or 83. B fact 84. D developed 85. A starts
86. D inevitably 87. C instead 88. C adopting 89. B beneficial
90. A Entire
2004年6月19日试卷
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.
At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about
what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken
only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the
pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) At the office.
B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport.
D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some
work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish
at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the correct
answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with
a single line through the center.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.
B) The woman had forgotten Mark's phone number
C) The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.
D) Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.
2. A) The man is late for the trip because he is busy.
B) The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.
C) The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.
D) The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.
3. A) At 10:30. C) At 10:40.
B) At 10:25. D) At 10:45.
4. A) The man no longer smokes.
B) The man is under pressure from his wife.
C) The man usually follows his wife's advice.
D) The man refuses to listen to his doctor's advice.
5. A) Move to a big city. C) Go back to school.
B) Become a teacher. D) Work in New York.
6. A) Quit delivering flowers. C) Bring her flowers every day.
B) Work at a restaurant. D) Leave his job to work for her.
7. A) She can find the right person to help the man.
B) She can help the man out.
C) She's also in need of a textbook.
D) She picked up the book from the bus floor.
8. A) The man was confused about the date of the appointment.
B) The man wants to change the date of the appointment.
C) The man is glad he's got in touch with the doctor.
D) The man can't come for the appointment at 4:15.
9. A) The two speakers are at a loss what to do.
B) The man is worried about his future.
C) The two speakers are seniors at college.
D) The woman regrets spending her time idly.
10. A) She has learned a lot from the novel.
B) She also found the plot difficult to follow.
C) She usually has difficulty remembering names.
D) She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.
Section B Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.
When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully
for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,
you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from SI to S7 with
the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8
to SIO you are required to fill in the missing information. You
can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down
the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is
read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
The Library of Congress is America’s national library. It has millions
of books and other objects. It has newspapers, (S1)_______________________________________
publications as well as letters of (S2)_________________________
interest. It also has maps, photographs, art (S3)____________________,
movies, sound recordings and musical (S4)__________________. All
together, it has more than 100 million objects.
The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday,
except for public holidays. Anyone may go there and read anything
in the collection. But no one is (S5)_________ to take books out
of the building.
The Library of Congress was (S6)__________________ in 1800. It started
with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol building.
By 1814, the collection had increased to about 3,000 books. They
were all (S7)_______________ that year when the Capitol was burned
down during America’s war with Britain.
To help re-build the library, Congress bought the books of President
Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Jefferson’s collection included 7,000 books
in seven languages.
(S8)______________________________________________________________________.
Today, three buildings hold the library’s collection.
(S9)______________________________________________________________________.
It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. It also gets
materials through its copyright office. (S10) __________________________________________________________________.
This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that
is published in the United States.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it
comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should
include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work
alone doesn't ensure career advancement. You have to be able to
sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes.
Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics
— a better job, a raise, praise — many people are still unable —
or unwilling — to "play the game."
"People assume that office politics involves some manipulative
(工于心计的) behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor
of management at Hofstra University. "But politics derives
from the word 'polite'. It can mean lobbying and forming associations.
It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your
superior, and then expecting something in return."
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior
used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many
cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office
environment — not just in large companies, but in small workplaces
as well.
"The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability
to perform well on a consistent basis,'" says Neil P Lewis,
a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up
for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a
manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It's
simple human nature.”
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble
with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say,
have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed.
Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that,
if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering
their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the
need for some self-promotion.
11. "Office politics" (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the
passage to refer to _______.
A) the code of behavior for company staff
B) the political views and beliefs of office workers
C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
D) the various qualities required for a successful career
12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but _______.
A) give his boss a good impression B) honest and loyal to his company
C) get along well with his colleagues D) avoid being too outstanding
13. Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Line
4, Para. 5)?
A) They believe that doing so is impractical.
B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.
14. The author considers office politics to be _______.
A) unwelcome at the workplace
B) bad for interpersonal relationships
C) indispensable to the development of company culture
D) an important factor for personal advancement
15. It is the author's view that _______.
A) speaking up for oneself is part of human nature
B) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
C) hard work contributes very little to one's promotion
D) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine
had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器)
fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are
now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning
one.
“The Constitution,” said the association’s spokesman, “gives everyone
the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But
since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be
able to buy it to protect themselves.”
"Don't you think it's dangerous to have one in the house, particularly
where there are children around?"
"The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people
in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing
owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately
in a drawer."
"Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon
which could kill somebody."
The spokesman said, "Hydrogen bombs don't kill people — people
kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent
effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house,
they're going to think twice about breaking in."
"But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim
that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer,
you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder
(侵入者)."
"Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is
that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your
association is backing is a program which would allow the middle
and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left
defenseless with just handguns."
16. According to the passage, some people started a national association
so as to _______.
A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb
B) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weapon
C) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home
D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon
17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on
the grounds that _______.
A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer
B) most people don't know how to handle the weapon
C) people's lives will be threatened by the weapon
D) they may fall into the hands of criminals
18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman
means that it _______.
A) will frighten away any possible intruders
B) can show the special status of its owners
C) will threaten the safety of the owners as well
D) can kill those entering others' houses by force
19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership
of H-bombs are very much worried that _______.
A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less
privileged to overcome
B) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use
of the weapon
C) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously
D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis
20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is _______.
A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
C) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons
Passage Three
Questi0ns 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years
have specialists in language study realized that signed languages
are unique — a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe
how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new
light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete
with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it
is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has
roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University
in Washington, D.C., the world's only liberal arts university for
deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school
enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something
odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom
teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of
the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American
Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin
English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the "hand talk" his
students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually
:have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any
other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their
signing as "substandard". Stokoe's idea was academic heresy
(异端邪说).
It is 37 years later. Stokoe —- now devoting his time to writing
and editing books and journals and to producing video materials
on ASL and the deaf culture — is having lunch at a cafe near the
Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For
decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural
languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language
must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign
language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space.
"What I said," Stokoe explains, "is that language
is not mouth stuff — it's brain stuff."
21. The study of sign language is thought to be ______.
A) a new way to look at the learning of language
B) a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language
C) an approach :to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language
D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language
22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated
by ________.
A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain
B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts
C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf
D) Some senior experts in American Sign Language
23. According to Stokoe, sign language is ________.
A) a Substandard language C) an artificial language
B) a genuine language D) an international language
24. Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought
_______.
A) sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people
B) sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted
C) a language should be easy to use and understand
D) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds
25. Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that _______.
A) sign language is as efficient as any other language
B) sign language is derived from natural language
C) language is a system of meaningful codes
D) language is a product of the brain
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales,
made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross's campaign
for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of
arriving in Angola, television screens around the World were filled
with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused
by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But
putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me;
like When I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg,
and people like her."
The Princess concluded, with a simple message: "We must stop
landmines". And she used every opportunity during her visit
to repeat this message.
But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of
the British government, which refused to support a ban on these
weapons. Angry politicians launched an, attack on the Princess in
the press. They described her as "very ill-informed" and
a "loose cannon (乱放炮的人)."
The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: "This
is a distraction (干扰) we do
not need. All I'm trying to do is help."
Opposition parties, the media and the Public immediately voiced
their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government,
it soon emerged that the Princess's trip had been approved by the
Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about
both the situation in Angola and the British government's policy
regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the
government.
To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind,
claimed that the Princess's views on landmines were not very different
from government policy, and that it was "working towards"
a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed
the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding."
For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent
opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction
and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience
had also given her the Chance to get closer to people and their
problems.
26. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 ________.
A) to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
B) to clarify the British government's stand on landmines
C) to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there
D) to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
27. What did Diana mean when she said "... putting a face to
those figures brought the reality home to me" (Line 5, Para.
1)?
A) She just couldn't bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
B) The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back
home.
C) Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
D) Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness
of the situation.
28. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because
_______.
A) she was ill-informed of the government's policy
B) they were actually opposed to banning landmines
C) she had not consulted the government before the visit
D) they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
29. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A) She paid no attention to them.
B) She made more appearances on TV.
C) She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
D) She rose to argue with her opponents.
30. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A) It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B) It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
C) It had greatly promoted her popularity.
D) It had affected her relations with the British government.
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For
each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose
the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
31. I went along thinking of nothing ______, only looking at things
around me,
A) in particular C) in doubt
B) in harmony D) in brief
32. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising
has ______ the quality of the programs.
A) lessened C) affected
B) declined D) effected
33. I must congratulate you ______ the excellent design of the new
bridge.
A) with C) at
B) of D) on
34. There is a fully ______ health center on the ground floor of
the main office building.
A) installed C) provided
B) equipped D) projected
35. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs
that ______ from kindergartens to colleges.
A) move C) range
B) shift D) spread
36. The ______ at the military academy is so rigid that students
can hardly bear it.
A) convention C) principle
B) confinement D) discipline
37. The test results are beyond ______; they have been repeated
in labs all over the world.
A) negotiation C) bargain
B) conflict D) dispute
38. I was so ______ in today's history lesson. I didn't understand
a thing.
A) amazed C) confused
B) neglected D) amused
39. It ______ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either
frames or lenses when you buy both.
A) presents C) credits
B) entitles D) tips
40. Deserts and high mountains have always been a ______ to the
movement of people from place to place.
A) barrier C) prevention
B) fence D) jam
41. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department
is planning to set up some ______ shops in the residential area.
A) flowing C) mobile
B) drifting D) unstable
42. Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood
and then ______ it."
A) overtaking C) widening
B) enlarging D) exaggerating
43. This is not an economical way to get more water; ______ , it
is very expensive.
A) on the other hand C) in short
B) on the contrary D) or else
44. It was the first time that such a ______ had to be taken at
a British nuclear power station.
A) presentation C) preparation
B) precaution D) prediction
45. ______ that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to
book a different hotel.
A) Perceiving C) Puzzling
B) Penetrating D) Preserving
46. The board of the company has decided to ______ its operations
to include all aspects of the clothing business.
A) multiply C) expand
B) lengthen D) stretch
47. His business was very successful, but it was at the ______ of
his. family life.
A) consumption C) exhaustion
B) credit D) expense
48. First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source
for researchers.
A) identical C) intelligent
B) indispensable D) inevitable
49. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ______ mathematics, he
is the 'best in the class.
A) comes to C) comes on to
B) comes up to D) comes around to
50. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ______ for smoking.
A) relief C) substitute
B) revival D) succession
51. When carbon is added to iron in proper ______ the result is
steel.
A) rates C) proportions
B) thicknesses D) densities
52. You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.
A) reserve C) retain
B) restrain D) replace
53. Nancy is only a sort of ______ of her husband's opinion and
has no ideas of her own.
A) sample C) shadow
B) reproduction D) echo
54. Now that spring is here, you can ______ these fur coats till
you need them again next winter.
A) put over C) put off
B) put away D) put down
55. There is a ______ of impatience in the tone of his voice.
A) hint C) dot
B) notion D) phrase
56. Please ______ dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling
or meaning.
A) seek C) search
B) inquire D) consult
57. At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by ______
Charlie Chaplin.
A) copying C) imitating
B) following D) modeling
58. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power
______
A) failure C) absence
B) lack D) drop
59. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______
all aspects of urban planning.
A) inserts C) performs
B) grips D) embraces
60. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ______ that
the audience couldn't help yawning.
A) tedious C) clumsy
B) bored D) tired
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each
blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right
side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into
the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
with a single line through the centre.
Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing
history education in America. It's the one __61__ the teacher standing
in the schoolroom door __62__ goodbye to students for the summer
and calling __63__ them, "By the way, we won World War II."
The problem with the joke, of course, is that it's __64__ funny.
The recent surveys on __65__ illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb
(令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even __66__
which countries the United States __67__ against in that war. One
third have no __68__ when the Declaration of Independence was __69__.
One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two
thirds cannot correctly __70__ the Civil War between 1850 and 1900.
__71__ when they get the answers right, some are __72__ guessing.
Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be __73__ connected
to loss of international __74__. But it does affect our future __75__
a democratic nation and as individuals.
The __76__ news is that there is growing agreement __77__ what is
wrong with the __78__ of history and what needs to be __79__ to
fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性) __80__ yet to be felt in most
classrooms.
61. A) about B) in C) for D) by
62. A) shaking B) waving C) nodding D) speaking
63. A) in B) after C) for D) up
64. A) rarely B) so C) too D) not
65. A) historical B) educational C) cultural D) political
66. A) distinguish B) acknowledge C) identify D) convey
67. A) defeated B) attacked C) fought D) struck
68. A) sense B) doubt C) reason D) idea
69. A) printed B) signed C) marked D) edited
70. A) place B) judge C) get D) lock
71. A) Even B) Though C) Thus D) So
72. A) hardly B) just C) still D) ever
73. A) exclusively B) practically C) shortly D) directly
74. A) competitiveness B) comprehension C) community D) commitment
75. A) of B) for C) with D) as
76. A) fine B) nice C) surprising D) good
77. A) to B) with C) on D) of
78. A) consulting B) coaching C) teaching D) instructing
79. A) done B) dealt C) met D) reached
80. A) therefore B) or C) and D) as
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction.
You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include:
l some welcoming words
l the schedule for the day
l a description of the place the tourists will be visiting
(e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements
for the day clear to everybody.
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C
11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A
21. C 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. B
31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A
41. C 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C
51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. A 56. D 57. C 58.A 59. D 60. A
61. A 62. B 63. B 64. D 65. A 66. C 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. B
71. A 72. B 73. D 74. C 75. D 76. D 77. C 78. C 79. A 80. B
S1 popular S2 historical S3 prints S4 instruments
S5 permitted S6 established S7 destroyed
S8 In 1897, the library moved into its own building across the street
from the Capitol.
S9 The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and
also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies
and foreign libraries.
S10 Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the
US must send two copies to the library.
2005年1月8日考试 A 卷
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.
At the end of each Conversation, a question will be asked about
what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken
only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the
pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some
work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish
by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the
correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark
it with a single line through the centre.
Sample answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) Furnished apartments will cost more.
B) The apartment can be furnished easily.
C) The apartment is just what the man is looking for.
D) She can provide the man with the apartment he needs.
2. A) Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.
B) He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.
C) Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.
D) He shares the woman's views on social welfare.
3. A) Study in a quiet place.
B) Improve her grades gradually.
C) Change the conditions of her dorm.
D) Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm.
4. A) It has been put off.
B) It has been cancelled.
C) It will be held in a different place,
D) It will be rescheduled to attract more participants.
5. A) Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much.
B) Janet is very much interested in architecture.
C) Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much.
D) Janet thinks it's a shame for anyone not to visit Australia.
6. A) It is based on a lot of research.
B) It can be finished in a few weeks' time.
C) It has drawn criticism from lots of people.
D) It falls short of her supervisor's expectations.
7. A) Karen is very forgetful.
B) He knows Karen better now.
C) Karen is sure to pass the interview.
D) The woman should have reminded Karen earlier.
8. A) Ask Joe to apologize to the professor for her.
B) Skip the class to prepare for the exam.
C) Tell the professor she's lost her voice.
D) Attend the lecture with the man.
9. A) The man will go in for business fight after high school.
B) The woman is not happy with the man's decision.
C) The man wants to be a business manager.
D) The woman is working in a kindergarten.
10. A) They stay closed until summer comes.
B) They cater chiefly to tourists.
C) They are busy all the year round.
D) They provide quality service to their customers.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At
the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Classmates. C) Boss and secretary.
B) Colleagues. D) PR representative and client.
12. A) He felt his assignment was tougher than Sue's.
B) His clients complained about his service.
C) He thought the boss was unfair to him.
D) His boss was always finding fault with his work.
13. A) She is unwilling to undertake them.
B) She complains about her bad luck.
C) She always accepts them cheerfully.
D) She takes them on, though reluctantly.
14. A) Sue got promoted. C) Both John and Sue got a raise.
B) John had to quit his job. D) Sue failed to complete her project.
Passage Two
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
15. A) By greeting each other very politely.
B) By exchanging their views on public affairs.
C) By displaying their feelings and emotions.
D) By asking each other some personal questions.
16. A) Refrain from showing his feelings. C) Argue fiercely.
B) Express his opinion frankly. D) Yell loudly.
17. A) Getting rich quickly. C) Respecting individual rights.
B) Distinguishing oneself. D) Doing credit to one's community.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18. A) If they don't involve any risks.
B) If they produce predictable side effects.
C) When the urgent need for them arises.
D) When tests show that they are relatively safe.
19. A) Because they are not accustomed to it.
B) Because they are not psychologically prepared for it.
C) Because their genes differ from those who have been tested for
it.
D) Because they are less sensitive to it than those who have been
tested for it.
20. A) They will have to take ever larger doses.
B) They will become physically impaired.
C) They will suffer from minor discomfort.
D) They will experience a very painful process.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer
Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about
the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves.
One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days
for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full
of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal
wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes
happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls
on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me,
"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out
of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that
she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased
woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going
to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the
abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my
fault that she's dead."
When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very
tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story
would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there
is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of
action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite
course - keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation – would
have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out
any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel
guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world
makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason
for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and
connections both where they really exist and where they exist only
in our minds.
The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens,
especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step
from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every
disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our
childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence
(万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs,
and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning
and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone
comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and
when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely
outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.
21. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
A) They lived out a natural life.
B) They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.
C) They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.
D) They died due to lack of care by family members.
22. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably
because ________.
A) he wanted to console the two families
B) he was an official from the community
C) he had great sympathy for the deceased
D) he was priest of the local church
23. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because
________
A) they couldn't find a better way to express their grief
B) they believe that they were responsible
C) they had neglected the natural course of events
D) they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction
24. In the context of the passage, "... the world makes sense"
(Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.
A) everything in the world is predetermined
B) the world can be interpreted in different ways
C) there's an explanation for everything in the world
D) we have to be sensible in order to understand the world
25. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.
A) everybody is at their command
B) life and death is an unsolved mystery
C) every story should have a happy ending
D) their wishes are the cause of everything that happens
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Frustrated with delays in Sacramento, Bay Area officials said Thursday
they planned to take matters into their own hands to regulate the
region's growing pile of electronic trash.
A San Jose councilwoman and a San Francisco supervisor said they
would propose local initiatives aimed at controlling electronic
waste if the California law-making body fails to act on two bills
stalled in the Assembly~ They are among a growing number of California
cities and counties that have expressed the same intention.
Environmentalists and local governments are increasingly concerned
about the toxic hazard posed by old electronic devices and the cost
of safely recycling those products. An estimated 6 million televisions
and computers are stocked in California homes, and an additional
6,000 to 7,000 computers become outdated every day. The machines
contain high levels of lead and other hazardous substances, and
are already banned from California landfills ( 垃圾填埋场 ).
Legislation by Senator Byron Sher would require consumers to pay
a recycling fee of up to $30 on every new machine containing a cathode
( 阴极 ) ray tube. Used in almost all video monitors and televisions,
those devices contain four to eight pounds of lead each. The fees
would go toward setting up recycling programs, providing grants
to non-profit agencies that reuse the tubes and rewarding manufacturers
that encourage recycling.
A separate bill by Los Angeles-area Senator Gloria Romero would
require high-tech manufacturers to develop programs to recycle so-called
e-waste.
If passed, the measures would put California at the forefront of
national efforts to manage the refuse of the electronic age.
But high-tech groups, including the Silicon Valley Manufacturing
Group and the American Electronics Association, oppose the measures,
arguing that fees of up to $30 will drive consumers to online, out-of-state
retailers.
"What really needs to occur is consumer education. Most consumers
are unaware they're not supposed to throw computers in the trash,"
said Roxanne Gould, vice president of government relations for the
electronics association.
Computer recycling should be a local effort and part of residential
waste collection programs, she added.
Recycling electronic waste is a dangerous and specialized matter,
and environmentalists maintain the state must support recycling
efforts and ensure that the job isn't contracted to unscrupulous
( 毫无顾忌的 ) junk dealers who send the toxic parts overseas.
"The graveyard of the high-tech revolution is ending up in
rural China," said Ted Smith, director of the Silicon Valley
Toxics Coalition. His group is pushing for an amendment to Sher's
bill that would prevent the export of e-waste.
26. What step were Bay Area officials going to take regarding e-waste
disposal.'?
A) Exert pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices.
B) Lay down relevant local regulations themselves.
C) Lobby the lawmakers of the California Assembly.
D) Rally support to pass the stalled bills.
27. The two bills stalled in the California Assembly both concern
________.
A) regulations on dumping hazardous substances into landfills
B) the sale of used electronic devices to foreign countries
C) the funding of local initiatives to reuse electronic trash
D) the reprocessing of the huge amounts of electronic waste in the
state
28. Consumers are not supposed to throw used computers in the trash
because __.
A) they contain large amounts of harmful substances
B) this is banned by the California government
C) some parts may be recycled for use elsewhere
D) unscrupulous dealers will retrieve them for profit
29. High-tech groups believe that if an extra $30 is charged on
every TV or computer purchased in California, consumers will _______.
A) abandon online shopping
B) buy them from other states
C) strongly protest against such a charge
D) hesitate to upgrade their computers
30. We learn from the passage that much of California's electronic
waste has been _
A) collected by non-profit agencies
B) dumped into local landfills
C) exported to foreign countries
D) recycled by computer manufacturers
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely
differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged.
Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis
suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster
(平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers
in other developed countries.
Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University,
who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent
vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.''
The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally
flawed."
The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation
in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations
as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.
Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual
U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little
strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks,
or its teachers' activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated
national programs of most other countries.
On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math
than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational
environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt
notes.
For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33
topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the
international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level
resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia,
Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United
States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational
systems "share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions"
but which are not economic leaders.
The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says
Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers
Association in Arlington. "The new National Science Education
Standards provide that focused vision," including the call
"to do less, but in greater depth."
Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts
will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized
responsibility for education in the United States requires that
any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.
In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national
standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though
they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice
in the babble ( 嘈杂声)."
31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in
America is
A) focused on tapping students' potential
B) characterized by its diversity
C) losing its vitality gradually
D) going downhill in recent years
32. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.
A) it lacks a coordinated national program
B) it sets a very low academic standard for students
C) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers
D) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school
subjects
33. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile
wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means
U.S. educational practice ________.
A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity
B) offers an environment for comprehensive education
C) encourages learning both in depth and in scope
D) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics
34. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in
that they will
A) provide depth to school science education
B) solve most of the problems in school teaching
C) be able to meet the demands of the community
D) quickly dominate U.S. educational practice
35. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will
prove difficult because ________.
A) there is always controversy in educational circles
B) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so
C) school districts are responsible for making their own decisions
D) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
"I've never met a human worth cloning," says cloning expert
Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. "It's
a stupid endeavor." That's an interesting choice of adjective,
coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone
a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not
succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and expect to clone
a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy this spring
- or perhaps not for another 5 years. It seems the reproductive
system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by
all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy
project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M
team has produced only a dozen or so embryos (胚胎) carrying Missy's
DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate (代孕的) mother.
The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses (胎)
may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues,
but not with humans. "Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and
also dangerous," he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research
payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's
phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating
their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. "A lot of people want
to clone pets, especially if the price is right," says Westhusin.
Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's
put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M's research.
Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants
a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. The
prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart.
Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her
clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's
owner and the A&M team say they are "both looking forward
to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy."
Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight
into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead
to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.
However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even
if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will
face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities
like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ "Why would
you ever want to clone humans," Westhusin asks, "when
we're not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?"
36. By "stupid endeavor" (Line 2, Para. 1), Westhusin
means to say that ________.
A) animal cloning is not worth the effort at all
B) animal cloning is absolutely impractical
C) human cloning should be done selectively
D) human cloning is a foolish undertaking
37. What does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusin's dog
cloning project?
A) Its success is already in sight.
B) Its outcome remains uncertain.
C) It is doomed to utter failure.
D) It is progressing smoothly.
38. By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to ________.
A) study the possibility of cloning humans
B) search for ways to modify .its temperament
C) examine the reproductive system of the dog species
D) find out the differences between Missy and its clones
39. We learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have
________.
A) a bad temper C) defective organs
B) immune deficiency D) an abnormal shape
40. It can be seen that present cloning techniques ________.
A) still have a long way to go before reaching maturity
B) have been widely used in saving endangered species
C) provide insight into the question of nature vs. nurture
D) have proved quite adequate for the cloning of humans
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For
each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose
the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. My grandfather, a retired worker, often ________ the past with
a feeling of longing and respect.
A) considers B) contemplates C) contrives D) contacts
42. Medical students are advised that the wearing of a white coat
________ the acceptance of a professional code of conduct expected
of the medical profession.
A) supplements B) simulates C) signifies D) swears
43. The doctors ________ the newly approved drug into the patient
when he was critically ill.
A) injected B) ejected C) projected D) subjected
44. Apart from philosophical and legal reasons for respecting patients'
wishes, there are several practical reasons why doctors should ________
to involve patients in their own medical care decisions.
A) enforce B) endow C) endeavor D) enhance
45. This is a long ________ - roughly 13 miles down a beautiful
valley to the little church below.
A) terrain B) descent C) degeneration D) tumble
46. She was deeply ________ by the amount of criticism her play
received.
A) deported B) deprived C) involved D) frustrated
47. Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms ________
with age as an inevitable outcome of living.
A) depress B) default C) deteriorate D) degrade
48. Many manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily
on cost reduction, often at the ________ of the quality of their
products.
A) expense B) exposure C) expansion D) expectation
49. One witness ________ that he'd seen the suspect run out of the
bank after it had been robbed.
A) convicted B) conformed C) retorted D) testified
50. Nothing Helen says is ever ________. She always thinks carefully
before she speaks.
A) simultaneous B) homogenous C) spontaneous D) rigorous
51. She gave ________ directions about the way the rug should be
cleaned.
A) explicit B) brisk C) transient D) opaque
52. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such a(n) ________
plan.
A) inherent B) ingenious C) vigorous D) exotic
53. A ________ official is one who is irresponsible in his work.
A) timid B) tedious C) suspicious D) slack
54. Most mathematicians trust their ________ in solving problems
and readily admit they would not be able to function without it.
A) conception B) perception C) intuition D) cognition
55. He had an almost irresistible ________ to talk to the crowd
when he entered Hyde Park.
A) impulse B) instinct C) stimulation D) surge
56. Encouraged by their culture to voice their opinions freely,
the Canadians are not afraid to go against the group ________, and
will argue their viewpoints enthusiastically, though rarely aggressively.
A) consent B) conscience C) consensus D) consciousness
57. He still ________ the memory of his carefree childhood spent
in that small wooden house of his grandparents'.
A) nourishes B) cherishes C) fancies D) scans
58. She expressed her strong determination that nothing could ________
her to give up her career as a teacher.
A) induce B) deduce C) reduce D) attract
59. The microscope and telescope, with their capacity to enlarge,
isolate and probe, demonstrate how details can be ________ and separated
from the whole.
A) radiated B) extended C) prolonged D) magnified
60. Lighting can be used not only to create an atmosphere, but also
to ________ features of the house, such as ornaments or pictures.
A) highlight B) underline C) activate D) upgrade
61. By turning this knob to the right you can ________ the sound
from the radio.
A) intensify B) amplify C) enlarge D) reinforce
62. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the
practical work had been ________ with the theoretical aspects of
the subject.
A) embedded B) embraced C) integrated D) synthesized
63. They couldn't see a ________ of hope that they would be saved
by a passing ship.
A) grain B) span C) slice D) gleam
64. The traditional markets retain their ________ for the many Chinese
who still prefer fresh food like live fish, ducks, chickens over
packaged or frozen goods.
A) appeal B) pledge C) image D) survival
65. ________ efforts are needed in order to finish important but
unpleasant tasks.
A) Consecutive B) Condensed C) Perpetual D) Persistent
66. A number of students ________ in flats, and others live in the
nearby holiday resorts, where there is a reasonable supply of competitively
priced accommodation.
A) revive B) inhabit C) gather D) reside
67. He bought his house on the________ plan, paying a certain amount
of money each month.
A) division B) premium C) installment D) fluctuation
68. He could not ________ ignorance as his excuse; he should have
known what was happening in his department.
A) petition B) plead C) resort D) reproach
69. Many ecologists believe that lots of major species in the world
are on the________ of extinction.
A) margin B) border C) verge D) fringe
70. Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly ________ will
receive a bonus.
A) ratio B) quota C) allocation D) portion
Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage,
there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You
may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out
the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If
you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the
corresponding blank, lf you add a word, put an insertion mark in
the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you
delete a word, cross it out and put a slash in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2.
/
as a school subject are valid for ^ study of television 3.
the
The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-year
campaign to remove leprosy ( 麻风病) as a world health
problem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of the
WHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world has S1.
been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years. She says S2.
efforts are continuing to complete end the disease. S3.
Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from
the nose and mouth. The disease mainly effects the skin and S4.
nerves. However, if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent
damage for the skin, nerves, eyes, arms or legs. S5.
In 1999, an international campaign began to end leprosy.
The WHO, governments of countries most affected by the
disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign.
This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients, even they S6.
are poor, have a right to the most modern treatment.
Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease
that requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead,
patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. This S7.
modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months,
depend on the form of the disease. The treatment combines S8.
several drugs taken daily or once a month. The WHO has
given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five S9.
years. The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to
target the countries which still threatened by leprosy. Among S10.
the estimated 600,000 victims around the world, the WHO
believes about 70% are in India. The disease also remains a
problem in Africa and South America.
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an
open letter on behalf of the student union asking people to give
help to a student who is seriously ill. You should write at least
150 words following the outline given below:
1， 对病人的简单介绍 目前的病情和家庭情况
2， 目前的困难 无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理
3， 希望捐助，联系方式
Your Help Needed
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41.B) contemplates
42.C) signifies
43.A) injected
44.C) endeavor
45.B) descent
46.D) frustrated
47.D) degrade
48.A) expense
49.D) testified
50.C) spontaneous
51.A) explicit
52.B) ingenious
53.D) slack
54.C) intuition
55.A) impulse
56.C) consensus
57.B) cherishes
58.A) induce
59.D) magnified
60.A) highlight
61.B) amplify
62.C) integrated
63.D) gleam
64.A) appeal
65.D) Persistent
66.D) reside
67.C) installment
68.B) plead
69.C) verge
70.B) quota
Part IV Error Correction
S1. a－＞the
S2. of－＞by
S3. complete－＞completely
S4. effects－＞affects
S5. for－＞to
S6. even－＞even if/even though
S7. that－＞what
S8. depend－＞depending
S9. freely－＞free
S10. which－＞which are
2005年1月A卷超精解分析
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. M: I’m looking for an unfurnished two-bedroom apartment, but
all your apartments are furnished.
W: We can take care of that. We can simply remove the furniture.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) Furnished apartments will cost more.
B) The apartment can be furnished easily.
C) The apartment is just what the man is looking for.
D) She can provide the man with the apartment he needs.
解析 男士要找没有家具的(unfurnished)的公寓，女士给了肯定的回答 我们可以处理。
单词 unfurnished 没有家具的；apartment公寓
短语 take care of 负责,处理
2. W: I don’t agree with Mr. Johnson on his views about social welfare.
He seems to suggest that the poor are robbing the rich.
M: He might have used better words to express his ideas, but I find
what he said makes a lot of sense.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.
B) He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.
C) Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.
D) He shares the woman's views on social welfare.
解析 女士说不同意Johnson的观点，男士说 Johnson也许可以使用更好的措辞来表达自己的观点（此处用虚拟语气，暗含的意思是Johnson只是措辞不当，观点还是有道理的），但是我发现他说的很有道理。But
引出男士所强调的话，也就是考点。
短语 social welfare 社会福利；make sense 有道理，有意思，理解; view about / on sth.
对某事的观点
3.W: I’ve been studying all the time, but I still can’t see any
improvement in my grades.
M: Maybe instead of studying in your dorm, you’d better go some
place where there are fewer distractions.
Q: What does the man advise the woman to do?
A) Study in a quiet place.
B) Improve her grades gradually.
C) Change the conditions of her dorm.
D) Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm.
解析 题目问男士建议女士干什么。解题关键是听懂you’d better这个建议句型。
单词 dorm 宿舍；distraction 干扰
句型 You’d better…
4. W: The seminar originally scheduled for today has been cancelled.
The hours I’ve spent preparing for it are totally wasted.
M: Not really. As far as I know, it’s been postponed till next week.
Q: What does the man say about the seminar?
A) It has been put off.
B) It has been cancelled.
C) It will be held in a different place,
D) It will be rescheduled to attract more participants.
解析 女士说原定今天的研讨会取消了，为研讨会准备所花的时间都浪费了。男士说只是被推迟到下周了。解题重点是postpone和put
of之间的转换。
单词 seminar 研讨会；cancel 取消；postpone推迟；hold 举办
短语 be scheduled for 被安排在… ；put off 推迟
5. M: Hi, Janet, I hear you’ve just returned from a tour of Australia.
Did you get a chance to visit the Sydney Opera House?
W: Of course I did. It would be a shame for anyone visiting Australia
not to see this unique creation in architecture. Its magnificent
beauty is simply beyond description.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
A) Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much.
B) Janet is very much interested in architecture.
C) Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much.
D) Janet thinks it's a shame for anyone not to visit Australia.
解析 男士问女士是否有机会去参观悉尼歌剧院了。从女士的用词里可以看出她非常喜欢悉尼歌剧院。干扰项都是答非所问。
词汇 tour 旅行；Opera House 歌剧院
短语 beyond description 无法描述
句型 It would be a shame for sb. not to do sth. 某人不做某事是很遗憾的
6. M: Sherry, how are you doing with your thesis ?
W: Oh my thesis! That’s something I definitely don’t want to talk
about right now. I finished my draft some time ago. But my supervisor
said I should do more research if I want to achieve the quality
that he expects of me.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the woman’s thesis?
A) It is based on a lot of research.
B) It can be finished in a few weeks' time.
C) It has drawn criticism from lots of people.
D) It falls short of her supervisor's expectations.
解析 男士问女士的论文做得怎么样了？解题关键是听清楚女士的回答，But引出女士回答的重心 质量没有达到导师的期望。
单词 thesis 论文；draft 草稿；supervisor 导师
短语 expect of sb. 对某人的期待；draw criticism from 受到某人的批评；fall short of
没有达到，不符合，缺乏
句型 How are you doing with sth? 某事你做得怎么样了？
7. W: I can’t believe Karen is late for such an important occasion
as a job interview. I reminded her time and again yesterday.
M: You should have known her better by now. Everything you tell
her goes in one ear and out the other.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) Karen is very forgetful.
B) He knows Karen better now.
C) Karen is sure to pass the interview.
D) The woman should have reminded Karen earlier.
解析 女士说昨天一再提醒Karen面试别迟到了，结果还是迟到了。男士说 你现在应该更了解她了。她是个左耳朵进右耳朵出的人。关键是对goes
in one ear and out the other =forgetful的转换要熟悉。
单词 occasion 场合；forgetful健忘
短语 job interview 工作面试；time and again 一再；go in one ear out the other
左耳朵进右耳朵出
8. W: Hi, Joe, I wonder if you could do me a favor and tell the
professor I’ve lost my voice. So I can’t attend this morning’s class.
I need the time to study for tomorrow’s exam.
M: I don’t think it’s wise to say so. Since you’re not going to
give the lecture, you might as well simply skip the class and apologize
to the professor later.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
A) Ask Joe to apologize to the professor for her.
B) Skip the class to prepare for the exam.
C) Tell the professor she's lost her voice.
D) Attend the lecture with the man.
解析 女士要男士帮她请假，因为她要准备考试。解题关键是要听清男士的建议 不去上课， 随后再给教授道歉。对各类建议的句型的把握，是考生备考的重点。
短语 do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙；lose one’s voice 嗓子哑了，失声了；attend the class
上课；give the lecture做演讲,做报告; skip the class 不上课，逃课, 翘课; attend the
lecture 听讲座
句型 I wonder if you could do me a favor. 您能不能帮我一个忙；I don’t think
it’s wise to do sth. 我认为做某事是不好的，不合适的，不明智的；You might as well do sth.
你不妨做某事（建议）
9. M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in
business administration. I really like power and enjoy telling people
what to do.
W: You’re very ambitious. But I’d rather spend my college days finding
out what children are interested in. Child’s psychology is for me.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man will go in for business right after high school.
B) The woman is not happy with the man's decision.
C) The man wants to be a business manager.
D) The woman is working in a kindergarten.
解析 男士说他想上工商管理专业，他喜欢权力和发号施令。女士说他很有野心，她只想在大学里找到孩子们对什么感兴趣。从男士的话中可以判断出他想当经理。解题关键是理解business
administration 的意思。
单词 ambitious 有野心的，有抱负的；psychology心理学；kindergarten幼儿园
短语 major in 主修; business administration 工商管理；go in for sth. 从事某事；
10. M: It seems the restaurants here have little business these
days.
W: That’s true. But ours is a scenic resort. and this is not the
busy season. When summer comes, you’ll see armies of tourists waiting
in line in order to get a seat.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the restaurants
in the town?
A) They stay closed until summer comes.
B) They cater chiefly to tourists.
C) They are busy all the year round.
D) They provide quality service to their customers.
解析 从女士的回答可以判断出这里的餐馆主要是面对游客的，旺季的时候才会人多。
短语 scenic resort风景胜地；busy season 旺季；armies of 许多；wait in line排队等候;
cater to 供应,招待,迎合；quality service 高质量的服务
Section B
Passage One
（11） Both John and Sue joined the staff（全体职员） of a successful public
relations firm in New York during the same year. They had just completed
their PR degrees at a nearby university and were thrilled to be
hired by one of the finest PR firms in the city. John’s first assignment
（任务）was to create a promotion campaign for a client （客户）who was
putting a new game on the market. Initially Sue was assigned to
work with a sportswear company on a marketing concept for its newest
line of clothing. As time passed and work with their respective
（各自的）first clients became more and more difficult, John and Sue
realized that they had been assigned two of the toughest accounts
（客户）in town. （12）Although John completed his assignments quickly
and successfully, he was furious when he learned that the boss had
deliberately （故意地）assigned him a difficult account. In response
he not only complained to his colleagues but also to the boss’s
secretary. Sue, on the other hand, had a more difficult time satisfying
her first client and she took several additional months to actually
complete the assignment.（13） However, she just laughed when she
heard that the boss had made the assignment purposely（故意地）. Over
the next two years, John worked reluctantly with each assignment
and problem that he encountered.（13） Sue accepted each assignment
cheerfully. And when problems arose, she responded with her characteristic
（特有的，典型的） “No problem, I can handle it.” Although Sue took longer
to complete her projects than John and both were equally successful
on the assignments they completed,（14） Sue was given the first promotion
（提升）when there came a vacancy.
11. What’s the relationship between John and Sue now?
A) Classmates. C) Boss and secretary.
B) Colleagues. D) PR representative and client.
12. Why was John was furious after he finished his first assignment?
A) He felt his assignment was tougher than Sue's.
B) His clients complained about his service.
C) He thought the boss was unfair to him.
D) His boss was always finding fault with his work.
13. What’s Sue’s attitude to difficult tasks?
A) She is unwilling to undertake them.
B) She complains about her bad luck.
C) She always accepts them cheerfully.
D) She takes them on, though reluctantly.
14. How does the story end?
A) Sue got promoted. C) Both John and Sue got a raise.
B) John had to quit his job. D) Sue failed to complete her project.
Passage Two
American visitors to East Asia are often surprised and puzzled by
how Asian cultures and customs differ from those in the United States.
What’s considered typical or proper social conduct （行为）in one country
may be regarded as odd,（奇怪的） improper or even rude in the other.
（15）For example, people from some East Asian countries may begin
a conversation with a stranger by asking personal questions about
family, home or work. Such questions are thought to be friendly,
whereas they might be considered offensive （讨厌的，无礼的）in the United
States. On the other hand, people in most Asian cultures are far
more guarded about expressing their feelings publicly than most
Americans are. （16）Openly displaying annoyance （烦恼）or anger, yelling,
arguing loudly and so forth is considered ill-mannered in countries
such as Japan. Many East Asians prefer to hold their emotions in
check （抑制感情）and instead express themselves with great politeness.
They try not to be blunt （直率的）and avoid making direct criticisms.
In fact, they often keep their differences of opinion to themselves
and merely smile and remain silent rather than engage in a confrontation.
By comparison, Americans are often frank about displaying both positive
and negative emotions on the street and in other public places.
Americans visiting Asia should keep in mind that such behavior may
cause offense. A major difference between American culture and most
Asian cultures is that in Asia, the community is more important
than the individual. （17）Most Americans are considered a success
when they make a name for （突出，成名）themselves.
15. How would some Asians start their conversation when they meet
for the first time?
A) By greeting each other very politely.
B) By exchanging their views on public affairs.
C) By displaying their feelings and emotions.
D) By asking each other some personal questions.
16. What would a Japanese do when he feels annoyed?
A) Refrain from showing his feelings. C) Argue fiercely.
B) Express his opinion frankly. D) Yell loudly.
17. What is encouraged in American culture according to the passage?
A) Getting rich quickly. C) Respecting individual rights.
B) Distinguishing oneself. D) Doing credit to one's community.
Passage Three
In order for a chemical to be considered a drug, it must have the
capacity to affect how the body works. No substance that has the
power to do this is completely safe. （18）Drugs are approved （批准）only
after tests have demonstrated that they are relatively safe when
used as directed and when their benefits outweigh （超过）their risks.
Thus some very dangerous drugs are approved because they are necessary
to treat serious illnesses. （19）Many people suffer ill effects from
drugs called side effects, even though they take the drug exactly
as directed. The human population contains a great variety of genetic
variation（基因变异）, but drugs are tested on just a few thousand people.
When a particular drug is taken by millions, some people may not
respond in a predictable way, even though the drug has been tested.
（20）A patient may also acquire a tolerance（耐药性） for a certain drug,
which means the patient has to take ever larger doses（剂量） to produce
the desired effect. Tolerance may lead to habituation, in which
the person becomes so dependent on the drug that he or she becomes
addicted to （上瘾）it. Addiction causes severe psychological and physical
disturbances when the drug is taken away. Finally, drugs often have
unwanted side effects. These usually cause only minor discomfort,
such as a skin rash, headache or sleepiness. Certain drugs, however,
can produce serious adverse （不利的，有害的）reactions.
18. Under what circumstances are drugs approved?
A) If they don't involve any risks.
B) If they produce predictable side effects.
C) When the urgent need for them arises.
D) When tests show that they are relatively safe.
19. Why do many people suffer side effects from a drug even though
they take it as directed?
A) Because they are not accustomed to it.
B) Because they are not psychologically prepared for it.
C) Because their genes differ from those who have been tested for
it.
D) Because they are less sensitive to it than those who have been
tested for it.
20. What will happen when patients acquire a tolerance for a certain
drug?
A) They will have to take ever larger doses.
B) They will become physically impaired.
C) They will suffer from minor discomfort.
D) They will experience a very painful process.
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage One
I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about
the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves.
（21）,（22）One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive
days for two elderly women in my community. Both （Both指two elderly
women ）had died "full of years," as the Bible would say;
both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long
and full life. (关键词 full of years, normal, a long and full life说明这两个老妇人是正常,自然死亡的。请同学们注意形容词在语篇中的关键作用，经常表示作者对某个事物的观点或评价)
Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence
(吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon. （作者用自己的经历引出话题，注意用I开头的句子在六级考试中大多是在叙事。）
21. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
[定位与替换] 本题针对两位已故的老妇人提问。根据关键词two deceased elderly women定位到原文第一段。
normal, a long and full life= a natural life，所以选A) They lived out
a natural life. 它们活完了正常的寿命。
[干扰项分析] B) They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride. 她们都因为飞机长途旅行的劳累而过世；
C) They weren't accustomed to the change in weather. 它们不习惯天气的变化；B),C)都是利用文章第二段最后一句话“That
long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than
she could take”内容进行干扰 D) They died due to lack of care by family
members. 她们都因为家人疏于照顾而过世，文章中没提到。
22. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably
because ________.
[定位与替换] 本题问作者的可能身份。由题干定位到第一段。 题干中conduct（主持） 替换officiate。那么在西方主持葬礼的人的身份可能是什么呢？而且是必须（had
to）去主持。根据as the Bible would say 推断,作者身份可能是牧师。 西方社会牧师的职责之一就是主持所属教区的葬礼所以选D)
he was priest of the local church. 他是当地教会的牧师。 另外，第三段第二句Priests know
that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty.也暗示了本题答案。这句话似乎显得突兀，似乎与本文前面涉及到的两位死者、家属和作者本人毫无关系，但请同学们记住一句话：存在就是合理的。阅读理解文章的中的每句话在文章中的存在都有其特定的功能，或观点，或细节，或举例，或承接上文等等，所以同学们在超精读分析任何文章的时候，对每个句子在文章中的地位，所起的作用等都要做到心中有数，如此做到庖丁解牛，对文章的理解能力必有提高！其实，同学们仔细想一下，文章中这句话正是作者从自己的职业的角度出发，对自己所经历的事情所作的评论。
[干扰项分析] A) he wanted to console the two families 他想安慰两个家庭，这个理由不充分，比较牵强。B)
he was an official from the community 他是当地社区的官员。 这是本题最具有迷惑性的干扰项，很多同学选这个答案。实际上official
在这里构成了强烈的词形干扰，这是六级和考研阅读中一个非常重要，但是容易被忽视的一个干扰项特征。原文中officiate 虽然在词形上和
official相近，但意思截然不同。有趣的是，根据google 上搜索出来 的内容。About this author: He
is Rabbi Laureate of Temple Israel in Natick, Massachusetts. 作者的身份确实是牧师，更确切地说是犹太教的拉比。C)
he had great sympathy for the deceased 他很同情死者， 文章中也没提到这一点。三个干扰项文章中均没有充分证据支持。
At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me,
"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out
of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that
she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased
woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going
to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the
abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my
fault that she's dead." （第二段用If only …这个虚拟语气句型和It’s my fault
that.. 这个句型表达了两位已故女士的儿子表达的内疚,自责之情，开始切入正题。）
When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very
tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story
would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there
is a death, (23) the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course
of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite
course - keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation – would
have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out
any worse? （当事情不像我们所想的那样发展时，我们就很容易认为如果当初用不同的方式来做事的话，也许事情可能就会有更好的结局。牧师们知道每次当有人死亡的时候，生存者就会感到内疚。因为他们所采取的行动导致了不好的结果，于是他们认为相反的行动，会产生好的结果。毕竟，相反的行动不可能导致更糟糕的结局！
本段是作者对一二两段所引用的事情所作的概括,总结。注意体会assume表示没有根据的认为,假设的内涵。最后一句话it 指代the
opposite course。）
There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel
guilt. （作者指出我们感到内疚有两个因素，也就是有两个原因，后面两段会围绕这这两个因素展开。两个原因至少考到一个，为因果关系考点。）
(24) The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes
sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything
that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both
where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
(第一个因素是我们相信世界上所发生的事情都是有其理由的，相信任何结果都是有原因的，任何事情的发生都是有原因的。注意believe
后面有两个that, 表达的含义相同，后一个that所引导的内容对上一个分句进行进一步解释和说明，因为the world makes
sense说的比较抽象。)
24. In the context of the passage, "... the world makes sense"
(Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.
[定位与替换] 本题考查了第一个原因，要求考生根据上下文推断某句话的意思。 C) there's an explanation
for everything in the world 世界上事事都有解释（起因），和 that there is a cause
for every effect and a reason for everything that happens.表达的含义一致。
[干扰项分析] A) everything in the world is predetermined. 世界上的事情都是预先确定的，文中无内容支持；
B) the world can be interpreted in different ways 世界可以从不同的角度被解释，文中无内容支持；D)
we have to be sensible in order to understand the world 为了了解这个世界我们必须有判断力，
文中也无内容支持。 三个干扰项均脱离了文章的主线。
（23）The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what
happens, especially the bad things that happen. （第二个因素是有这样一种观念 所有的事情都因我们而起，特别是不好的事情。在本文中不好的事情实际上就是指亲人的死亡。
注意体会notion一词是表示人们头脑中所具有的观点）It seems to be a short step from believing
that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is
our fault. （我们相信每一件事情都有原因，其程度就快达到相信每个灾难都是我们的错了。这句话的主干结构是It seems
to be a short step from A to B. A和B之间的差距看起来很小）The roots of this
feeling may lie in our childhood. （接着作者分析了人们的这种感觉的根源可能在于我们的童年。也就是分析了这种感觉产生的原因。这里也可能是因果关系考点。this
feeling = the notion ）Psychologists speak of the infantile myth
of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists
to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He
wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its
tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is
hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him.
(25)Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion
that our wishes cause things to happen. (我们经常无法摆脱孩提时代的观念，即事情的发生是我们的愿望所致。
本段后面的内容是对The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. 这句话的具体阐释。)
23. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because
________
[定位与替换] 本题问人们为什么会对他们的亲爱的人的死亡感到内疚。第一个原因24题考到，所以本题应该是考的第二个原因。所以选B)
they believe that they were responsible他们认为他们应该负责任，与第四段第一句话the notion
that 从句后面的内容一致。 另外， 第三段 Priests know that any time there is a death,
the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they
took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping
Mother at home, postponing the operation – would have turned out
better. 也说明了正确答案是B)。
[干扰项分析] A) they couldn't find a better way to express their grief
他们找不到更好的方式来表达悲伤，文中没有提到； C) they had neglected the natural course
of events 他们忽视了事情的自然发展过程，文章只是提到Because the course of action they
took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping
Mother at home, postponing the operation – would have turned out
better. 与该选项不一致，这是利用文章已有信息干扰考生；D) they didn't know things often
turn out in the opposite direction 他们不知道事情往往会朝相反方向发展，也有上面一句话的信息不符合。C）,D）两个选项都是歪曲文章的意思。解题关键还是抓住文章脉络，准确地定位。
25. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.
A) everybody is at their command
B) life and death is an unsolved mystery
C) every story should have a happy ending
[定位与替换] 本题问人们自从婴儿时期就有什么样的观念，根据关键词infancy定位到文章最后一段，该词的形容词infantile在最后一段出现两次，并且还有同义替换词childhood。请同学们注意，命题者在题干中使用同根词来替换原文中的单词是命题的重要技巧。从段落分析，尤其是本段的第一句话和最后一句话，可以看出，人们自从孩提时代就认为他们的愿望是每件事情发生的原因（infantile
notion that our wishes cause things to happen ）， 所以选D) their wishes
are the cause of everything that happens
[干扰项分析] A) everybody is at their command 每个人都被他们支配，歪曲夸张了A baby comes
to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes
everything happen in it. 的意思； B) life and death is an unsolved mystery
生与死是一个没有被解决的谜， 文章无内容支持； C) every story should have a happy ending
每个故事都应当有美好的结局，文章无内容支持。本题解题的关键在于对最后一段中心的把握。
【重点单词】
blame vt.责备，谴责，把…归咎于(on, onto) n. (过错、失败等的)责任，责备
[真题]The mother didn’t know who ______ for the broken glass.
A) blamed B) be blamed C) to blame D) would blame
[C][CET-4:2002,1]
A) will blame B) to blame C) blamed D) blames
[B][CET-6:1990,1]
[译文]母亲不知道责备谁打碎了玻璃。
successive a.接连的，连续的
yield vi.①屈服，顺从(to)②倒塌，垮掉 vt.①出产，生产②让出，放弃 n.产量，收益
[真题]We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield _______
any military threat.
A) up B) to C) in D) at
[B][CET-4:1998,1]
[译文]我们热爱和平，但我们不是那种屈服于武力威胁的人。
fault n.过错，缺点，故障，毛病 vt.挑剔，找…的缺点
[真题]The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the
accused man’s _____ , but in vain.
A) mistake B) guilt C) fault D) defeat
[C][CET-6:1996,1]
[译文]交警正在寻找证明被告有过错的证据，却是徒劳的。
guilty a.①有罪的，犯罪的②内疚的，心虚的
postpone vt.推迟，使延期
element n.元素，成分，要素，元件，单元；[pl]基础，原理，纲要，自然力，(恶劣)天气
readiness n.准备就绪
pattern n.①模式，式样②图案，花样 vt.仿制，模仿
notion n ①概念，观念② 意图，想法
outgrow vt. (因年龄增长而)革除或放弃，过大而不适于，长得比...快(大) vi.生出，长出，突出
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
make sense 有道理，有意义
postpone the operation 推迟行动，推迟手术
动词与介词搭配：
yield to 屈服于…，向…让步
动词与形容词搭配：
feel guilty 感到内疚
形容词与名词搭配：
abrupt change 突然变化
opposite course 相反的进程
pressing need 迫切需要
Passage Two
（26）Frustrated with delays in Sacramento, Bay Area officials said
Thursday they planned to take matters into their own hands to regulate
the region's growing pile of electronic trash. （Sacramento是美国加州首府，Bay
Area 是加州的海湾地区。Bay Area的官员对首府Sacramento的官员和立法者处理电子垃圾的拖延感到沮丧，决定自己来处理日益增长的电子垃圾的处理问题。文章首段开门见山，点明文章主题
电子垃圾的处理问题。所有考题必定围绕电子垃圾的处理方式以及立法展开。）
（26）,（27）A San Jose councilwoman and a San Francisco supervisor
（这两位官员就是Bay Area officials） said they would propose local initiatives
aimed at controlling electronic waste if the California law-making
body fails to act on two bills stalled in the Assembly. They are
among a growing number of California cities and counties that have
expressed the same intention.
26. What step were Bay Area officials going to take regarding e-waste
disposal.'?
[定位与替换] 本题问Bay Area的官员将会对电子垃圾的处理采取什么步骤，根据题干关键词Bay Area officials定位到原文第一段。
B) Lay down relevant local regulations themselves. 自己制定相关的地方法令,与they
planned to take matters into their own hands to regulate the region's
growing pile of electronic trash一致。另外，第二段第一句话也暗示了答案。
[干扰项分析] A) Exert pressure on manufacturers of electronic devices.
对电子设备制造商施加压力，文中无此信息；C) Lobby the lawmakers of the California Assembly.
游说加州议会，歪曲第二段第一句话信息；D) Rally support to pass the stalled bills. 聚集支持来通过被阻的议案，歪曲第二段第一句话信息。
27. The two bills stalled in the California Assembly both concern
________.
[定位与替换] 本题问受阻在加州议会的两个法案是关于什么的，根据题干信息， 定位到第二段第一句话。 这两个法案的具体内容已经在原文用①②标出，都与电子垃圾的再处理相关。所以选D)
the reprocessing of the huge amounts of electronic waste in the
state 州里的大量电子垃圾的再处理。在原文中虽然reprocess没有出现，但实际上是recycle一词的替换。
[干扰项分析] A) regulations on dumping hazardous substances into landfills
关于将有害物质倾倒入垃圾填埋场的法令，与法案内容不一致，干扰性不很强；B) the sale of used electronic
devices to foreign countries 将已使用过的电子设备卖给外国，也与法案内容不一致；C) the funding
of local initiatives to reuse electronic trash 为地方上重新使用电子垃圾的行动提供资金，此选项的内容与第四段最后一句话中的内容providing
grants to non-profit agencies that reuse the tubes（为重新使用这些射线管的非赢利机构提供资金）有点接近，但local
initiatives 不等于 non-profit agencies， local initiatives 出现在第二段中。此选项拼凑原文，具有高度的迷惑性。
Environmentalists and local governments are increasingly concerned
about the toxic hazard posed by old electronic devices and the cost
of safely recycling those products. （posed by old electronic devices过去分词短语修饰the
toxic hazard, the toxic hazard与the cost of..并列） An estimated 6 million
televisions and computers are stocked in California homes, and an
additional 6,000 to 7,000 computers become outdated ( used )every
day. (28) The machines （指television 和computer）contain high levels
of lead and other hazardous substances, and are already banned from
California landfills ( 垃圾填埋场 ). （注意本段中toxic hazard / hazardous substances都是表示电子设备包含有毒物质）
①Legislation by Senator Byron Sher would require consumers to pay
a recycling fee of up to $30 on every new machine containing a cathode
( 阴极 ) ray tube. （第一个法案要求消费者每购买一台含有阴极射线管的电器就要支付高达30美元的循环再生费用）Used
in almost all video monitors and televisions, those devices contain
four to eight pounds of lead each. The fees would go toward setting
up recycling programs, providing grants to non-profit agencies that
reuse the tubes and rewarding manufacturers that encourage recycling.
（这些费用将被用来建立再生项目，为重新使用这些射线管的非赢利机构提供资金，奖励那些鼓励循环再生的制造商。注意这不是法案的主要内容。）
②A separate bill by Los Angeles-area Senator Gloria Romero would
require high-tech manufacturers to develop programs to recycle so-called
e-waste. （第二个法案要求高科技产品制造商开发一些项目来循环再生电子垃圾。）
If passed, the measures （就是指前面两段提到的法案）would put California at the
forefront of national efforts to manage the refuse of the electronic
age.
But high-tech groups, including the Silicon Valley Manufacturing
Group and the American Electronics Association, oppose the measures,
arguing that fees of up to $30 will drive consumers to online, out-of-state
retailers. ( arguing that引出high-tech groups的观点，专家,个人或者团体的观点都是潜在考点。But
也是重要考点标志词。考生注意法案一词在原文中的同义替换，regulation / bill / legislation / measure,
本文也主要是围绕法案的内容，各方的反应展开，命题者会就此出题，因为这是文章的主线。)
29. High-tech groups believe that if an extra $30 is charged on
every TV or computer purchased in California, consumers will _______.
[定位与替换] 本题问高技术团体的观点(believe)， 根据关键词high-tech groups定位到第七段。B) buy
them from other states 从其它州购买，替换drive consumers to online, out-of-state
retailers，out-of-state = other states.
[干扰项分析] A) abandon online shopping 放弃网络购物，与原文内容drive consumers to
online, out-of-state retailers 相反；C) strongly protest against such
a charge 强烈抗议这样的收费，文无信息支持；D) hesitate to upgrade their computers
对升级计算机感到犹豫，原文也无内容支持。
"What really needs to occur is consumer education. (28) Most
consumers are unaware they're not supposed to throw computers in
the trash," said Roxanne Gould, vice president of government
relations for the electronics association.
28. Consumers are not supposed to throw used computers in the trash
because __.
[定位与替换] 本题问消费者为什么不应该把用过的电脑扔到垃圾堆里 。根据关键词throw used computes in the
trash定位到原文第三段和第八段相关内容。A) they contain large amounts of harmful substances
它们含有大量的有害物质。contain large amounts of harmful substances = contain
high levels of lead and other hazardous substances，考生要特别注意large
amounts of 和high levels of 以及 harmful 和hazardous的同义替换。
[干扰项分析] B) this is banned by the California government 这被加州政府所禁止，文章没有提到；C)
some parts may be recycled for use elsewhere 一些零件可以被回收在其它地方使用，该选项本身是正确的，但并不是本题所要问的原因；D)
unscrupulous dealers will retrieve them for profit那些没有道德的商人将收用过的电脑获取利润，用下一段内容unscrupulous
( 毫无顾忌的 ) junk dealers who send the toxic parts overseas.来迷惑考生，显然不是原因。
Computer recycling should be a local effort and part of residential
waste collection programs, she added.
(30) Recycling electronic waste is a dangerous and specialized matter,
and environmentalists maintain the state must support recycling
efforts and ensure that the job isn't contracted to unscrupulous
( 毫无顾忌的 ) junk dealers who send the toxic parts overseas. （maintain
从句后的主干是 the state must support … and ensure that…, 这个句子表达了环保主义者的观点，反推原文，可以得出一些废品商人肯定是曾经把电子垃圾运到海外，下一段第一句举电子垃圾被运到中国农村地区为例。）
"The graveyard of the high-tech revolution is ending up in
rural China," said Ted Smith, director of the Silicon Valley
Toxics Coalition. His group is pushing for an amendment to Sher's
bill that would prevent the export of e-waste.
30. We learn from the passage that much of California's electronic
waste has been _
[定位与替换].本题问加州的很多电子垃圾是怎么被处理的。根据文章最后两段的内容 send the toxic parts overseas.
/ "The graveyard of the high-tech revolution is ending up in
rural China," / an amendment to Sher's bill that would prevent
the export of e-waste. 应该选C) exported to foreign countries可以看出，许多电子垃圾被出口到外国。解答本题需要整合最后两段的重点内容。
[干扰项分析] A) collected by non-profit agencies 被非赢利机构收集，non-profit
agencies 出现在第四段最后一句providing grants to non-profit agencies that
reuse the tubes中，原文只是说征收的再生费用可以用来补贴重新使用这些射线管的非赢利机构，并无此选项的意思。A）是利用原文信息干扰考生；B)
dumped into local landfills 被倾倒入当地的垃圾填埋场，这是已经被禁止的做法，也不可能是电子垃圾的处理方式；D)
recycled by computer manufacturers 被计算机制造商回收，这是第五段Gloria Romero参议员提出的法案里建议的，并没有成为现实，
因为法案还没有被通过。 几个干扰项均是利用原文信息加以改造来迷惑考生，需要考生仔细揣摩原文。
【重点单词】
frustrate vt.①使沮丧，使灰心②挫败，使受挫折
regulate vt.①管制，控制②调整，调节
initiative n.①主动性，首创精神②主动的行动，倡议③主动权
stall n.①货摊②[pl]正厅前座③(发动机)熄火，失速④小房间，小隔间
v.①(使)熄火，(使)失速②(使)停止，停顿
bill n. 法案，帐单
recycle vt.回收利用，使再循环
stock n.①库存，现货②股票，股份 vt.进货, 储备 a.常备的
[真题]We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.
A) out of work B) out of stock C) out of reach D) out of practice
[B][CET-4:1993,6]
[译文]我们遗憾地通知你们，所订购材料已无现货。
outdated a.过时的，不流行的
legislation n. 立法，法律，法案
hazardous a.危险的，冒险的，碰运气的
fee n.费，酬金
grant n.拨款，授予物 vt.授予，准予，同意
reward n.①报答，奖赏②报酬，奖金 vt.报答，酬谢，奖励
[真题]Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort
is very _______.
A) precious B) rewarding C) worth D) challenging
[B][CET-6:1995,1]
[译文]教启蒙阶段的学生是非常辛苦的，但这种努力是值得的。
refuse vt.拒绝，谢绝 n.废物，垃圾
oppose v.反对
[真题]The committee is totally opposed ______ any changes being made
in the plan.
A) of B) on C) to D) against
[C][CET-4:1999,1]
[译文]委员会一致反对计划的任何变动。
retailer n.零售商
specialized a.专门的，专科的
maintain vt.①维持，保持②维修，保养③坚持，主张④赡养，负担
[真题]Throughout his life, Henry Moore _______ an interest in encouraging
art in the city of Leeds.
A) contained B) secured C) reserved D) maintained
[D][CET-4:1993,1]
[译文]亨利·莫尔的整个一生都保持了对促进里兹市艺术发展的兴趣。
ensure vt.保证，担保，确保
contract v. 定约，使缩短，感染
rural a.乡下的，田园的，乡村风味的，生活在农村的
amendment n.改善，改正, 修订，修正
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
propose local initiatives 建议地方采取主动
pose the hazard 造成危险
形容词与名词搭配：
electronic age 电子时代
specialized matter 专业化的问题
形容词与介词搭配：
be concerned about 关心，关注某物
动词与介词搭配：
be frustrated with 因…而感到失望
aim at 瞄准，针对
act on 对…采取行动
be banned from 从…禁止
push for 敦促，竭力争取
名词与名词搭配：
law-making body 立法机关
recycling fee 回收利用费
non-profit agency 非赢利机构
介词与名词搭配：
at the forefront (of) 在…的前沿
名词与介词搭配：
amendment to 对…的修订
Passage Three
（31）Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely
differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged.
Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis
suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster
(平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers
in other developed countries. （注意本段的differing / diversity / variability
几个同义替换，表明本段强调了美国的科学和数学教育各个地区差异很大（多样性，多元化）的事实。文章第二句话，作者话锋一转，尽管多样化有好处，但是有分析表明这导致了美国的孩子与其它发达国家的同龄人相比，学习成绩比较平淡。这句话提出了美国教育存在的问题，预测后文可能会详细阐述或者提出解决问题的办法，注意这都是有可能的考点。请考生注意平时复习时一定要培养自己归纳,预测原文的能力！）
31. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in
America is
[定位与替换] 本题问美国的科学和数学教学的状况。根据关键词teaching of science and math 定位到原文第一段。B)
characterized by its diversity 以多样性为特点。解题的重点在准确判断第一段所强调的内容。
[干扰项分析]A) focused on tapping students' potential 集中开发学生的潜力，文中无信息支持；
C) losing its vitality gradually 逐步失去活力；D) going downhill in recent
years 最近几年走下坡路；文章虽然说美国的教育体系有缺陷，但并没有说失去活力或走下坡路，所以C）,D）都不对，属于无中生有。
Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University,
who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent
vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.''
The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally
flawed." （Indeed, 在这里是加强语气，“确实”的意思，经常在文章中引出作者或者专家重要观点。专家William作了结论
美国数学和科学的教育实践缺乏连贯一致的知识观念。原因是这个体系具有深刻和根本的缺陷。到底是什么缺陷呢？这里专家只是作了一个抽象的概括，可能下文中会详细阐述。注意coherent和第一段diversity
是反义词。）
The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation
in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations
as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.（本段话不是很重要，主要是讲这个分析是基于50个国家的数据。）
Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual
U.S. communities, the report finds(=the new analysis) , but there
appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s
curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities.（Not only…
but倒装强调句，并且作者的语义重心放在but后面的内容 美国的各个学区在课程等方面缺乏战略重点，考生要重点阅读。the report
finds是插入语） （32）This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national
programs of most other countries. （这与大部分其它国家的协调的国家计划形成鲜明对比。这句话是作者的结论句。This
指代上面一句话的意思，也就是美国人的做法。这里也是一个重要的对比考点。）
32. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.
[定位与替换]本题问美国学校教育的根本缺陷是什么。根据关键词fundamental flaw 定位到原文第二段，但答案并不在这一段，而是在第四段。从对文章的分析，
可以看出应该选A) it lacks a coordinated national program 美国的学校教育缺乏一个协调一致的全国性计划。答案是从
This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of
most other countries.这句话反推。本题解题的关键是需要学生跨段整合内容。
[干扰项分析] B) it sets a very low academic standard for students 它对学生设定了非常低的学术标准，
文中无内容支持， 文章只是说美国学生学的多而不精；C) it relies heavily on the initiative
of individual teachers 它非常依赖各个教师的主动性， 文中无信息支持；D) it attaches too
much importance to intensive study of school subjects 它太重视学校课程的深入学习，与文章内容相反，
如果选项是attach too much importance to extensive, but not intensive,
study of school subjects 就符合原文了。
(33)On average, U.S. students study more topics within science
and math than their international counterparts do. This creates
an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch
deep," Schmidt notes. （出现比较级的时候要高度关注。第二句话This 指代第一句话所陈述的事实
平均来说，与国际同龄人相比，美国的学生在科学与数学方面要学习更多的科目。A mile wide and an inch deep也属于形象用法、比喻考点。）
For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33
topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the
international gap is even wider. （作者接着举例说明美国的教育环境是a mile wide and
an inch deep。）U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of
a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland,
and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be
classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share
our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions" but which are not
economic leaders.
33. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile
wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means
U.S. educational practice ________.
[定位与替换] 本题问作者表达了对美国教育实践的什么看法。根据上面两段This所指代的内容和For instance对a mile
wide and an inch deep的进一步解释说明可以看出，美国教育注重所开科目的广度而不重视深度，所以选D) scratches
the surface of a wide range of topics 只触及了许多科目的表面。另外education environment
= educational practice。解题的关键是要跨段整合内容，并准确地识别指代和例证的作用。
[干扰项分析]A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity 牺牲数量来强调质量，正好和原文内容相反，属于颠倒事实；B)
offers an environment for comprehensive education 为全面综合的教育提供了环境，文章只提到科学和数学教育，没有出现全面综合教育的概念；
C) encourages learning both in depth and in scope 鼓励既深入又广泛地学习，这与原文内容不一致，只是美国教育改革的方向，答非所问。
The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says
Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers
Association in Arlington. （本句话是某个专家对the new report所作的评价，文章中出现的概括性评价之后一般都会进一步的解释说明，分析原因等，
这是命题者比较喜欢的考点。）（34）"The new National Science Education Standards
provide that focused vision," including the call "to do
less, but in greater depth." （The new National Education Standards和The
new report属于同义概念。）
34. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in
that they will
[定位与替换]根据关键词The new National Education Standards和good news, 定位到原文第七段，本题所问的原因在第二句，注意but引起的强调，所以选A)
provide depth to school science education
使学校的科学教育具有深度。解题的关键在于识别句子之间的关系。
[干扰项分析] B) solve most of the problems in school teaching 解决学校教学的大部分问题，歪曲并夸张了原文；C)
be able to meet the demands of the community 能够满足社会的需求，与本文无关，因为新的全国科学标准是为了弥补教育体制的缺陷而制定的；D)
quickly dominate U.S. educational practice 迅速在美国的教育实践中处于支配地位，原文未提到，
而且下文也讲到实现这个新标准将面临挑战。
（35）Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts
will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized
responsibility for education in the United States requires that
any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.
（…因为美国的教育责任分散在各个社区，要求任何改革必须适应每个社区并根据每一个社区的情况制定,也就是说不能推而广之。 he and
Schmidt agree是插入语，而且是专家观点标志词，紧接着专家又阐述了Implementing the new standards…
will be the challenge的原因，考点设置和34题如出一辙，但相对简单，因为because是明显的因果关系考点标志词。）
35. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will
prove difficult because ________.
[定位与替换]put sth. Into practice = implement, will prove difficult
= will be the challenge, 所以本题可以准确定位到原文倒数第二段， 答案在because后，所以选C) school
districts are responsible for making their own decisions各个学区对自己的决定负责的。也就是说责任分散了。（decentralized
）
[干扰项分析] A) there is always controversy in educational circles 在教育界一直存在争论，文中无信息支持；B)
not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so 没有足够的教育者意识到这样做的重要性，文中无信息支持；
D) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards
许多学校老师质疑这些标准的可接受性，文中无信息支持。
In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national
standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though
they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice
in the babble ( 嘈杂声)."
【重点单词】
emerge vi.①浮现，出现(from)②(问题等)发生，显露, (事实等)暴露
strength n.①力, 力气②实力，力量③强度，浓度④强点，长处
variability n.可变性，易变性
peer n.①同龄人，同等地位的人②贵族 vi.仔细看，凝视(at)
[真题]Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of ______ at
people.
A) glancing B) peering C) gazing D) scanning
[B][CET-6:1997,1]
[译文]她有点近视，有迷着眼看人的习惯。
coherent a.①条理清楚的，连贯的②一致的，协调的
dominate vt.①在…中占首要地位②支配，统治，控制③高于，俯视 vi.处于支配地位，拥有优势
[真题]This book expected to _______ the best-seller lists.
A) exemplify B) promote C) prevail D) dominate
[D][CET-6:2000,1]
[译文]预期这本书将占销售排行榜首位。
flawed a.有裂纹的，有瑕疵的，有缺陷的
release vt./n.①释放，排放②解除，解脱③放开，松开④发布，发行
[真题]The energy _______ by the chain reaction is transformed into
heat.
A) transferred B) released C) delivered D) conveyed
[B][CET-4:2002,6]
[译文]链式反应释放的能量已转换为热能。
strategic a.战略的，战略上的
curriculum n.课程（复数形式：curriculums或curricula）
coordinate vt.调节，协调 n.[pl]坐标 a.同等的，并列的
cover vt.①覆盖，掩盖②范围为③包括，涉及，适用于④报道，采访⑤掩护 n.盖子，封面，掩蔽(物)
gap n.①缺口，裂口②间隔，间隙③差距，不足，缺陷
class n.班级，阶级，等级，种类 vt.把...分类(或分等级)
implement vt.使生效，履行，实施 n.工具，器具，用具
decentralize vt.疏散，分散
tailor n.裁缝 vt.①裁剪，缝制②使适应(特定需要)
institute v. 制定，创立，开始
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
collect data 搜集资料
implement the standards 实施标准
动词与介词搭配：
contrast with 使…与…对比，与…对比
形容词与名词搭配：
coordinated programs 协调好的计划
decentralized responsibility 分散的责任(权限)
形容词与名词搭配：
wide gap 大的差距
focused vision 明确的观点
名词与名词搭配：
age level 年龄段
名词与介词搭配：
approaches to 做…的方法(途径)
形容词与介词搭配：
relative to 相对于…的
介词与名词搭配：
on average 平均起来
in great depth 在深度上
副词与动词搭配：
widely differ 千差万别，与…大不相同
contrast sharply 鲜明对比
副词与形容词搭配：
deeply and fundamentally flawed 有深层次的根本缺陷的
Passage Four
（36）"I've never met a human worth cloning," says cloning
expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University.
"It's a stupid endeavor." (本句中it 指human cloning，注意指代处很容易成为考点，考生平时一定要培养自己准确识别指代的能力
) That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who
has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog
named Missy. (本句中That 指stupid ) （37）So far, he and his team have
not succeeded（注意本句与上句的衔接，这里是指在克隆狗方面还未成功）, though they have cloned
two cows and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed
in cloning Missy this spring - or perhaps not for another 5 years.
It seems the reproductive system of man's best friend is one of
the mysteries of modern science. （man’s best friend = dog； might
/ perhaps / It seems几个词所表达了不确定的语气，考生注意要培养识别作者语气的能力。）
36. By "stupid endeavor" (Line 2, Para. 1), Westhusin
means to say that ________.
[定位与替换] 本题只要考生能够准确识别出It的指代，就能选出正确选项D) human cloning is a foolish
undertaking 克隆人类是一个愚蠢的举动。Stupid = foolish
[干扰项分析] A) animal cloning is not worth the effort at all 完全不值得为克隆动物花费努力；
B) animal cloning is absolutely impractical 动物克隆是完全不切实际的；A）,B）两个选项很容易排除，
主语错误；C) human cloning should be done selectively 人类克隆应该有选择地进行，问中无信息支持selectively。
37. What does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusin's dog
cloning project?
A) Its success is already in sight.
C) It is doomed to utter failure.
D) It is progressing smoothly.
[定位与替换] 本题针对Westhusin克隆狗的项目提问，要求考生对第一段内容进行概括。根据前面的文章分析，应该选B) B)
Its outcome remains uncertain 该项目的结果还不确定。解题关键是概括原文和识别语气。
[干扰项分析] A) Its success is already in sight. 成功已经在望，与第一段内容不符； C)
It is doomed to utter failure. 注定会完全失败，文章讲还是有可能成功的；D) It is progressing
smoothly. 正在平稳进步，文中无信息支持。
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by
all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy
project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M
team has produced only a dozen or so embryos (胚胎) carrying Missy's
DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate (代孕的) mother.
The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses (胎)
may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues,
but not with humans. "Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and
also dangerous," he says.（专家观点）
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research
payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's
phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating
their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. "A lot of people want
to clone pets, especially if the price is right," says Westhusin.
Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's
put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M's research.
Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants
a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. The
prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart.
Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her
clone may not have her temperament. （38）In a statement of purpose,
Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are "both looking
forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy."（请考生注意，在六级考试中，试验的结果和目的是重要考点。
2-4段的内容大多为细节，考生在考试时可以不必仔细研读。）
38. By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin hopes to ________.
[定位与替换] 本题问Westhusin克隆Missy 的目的是什么，也就是试验目的，可以迅速定位到原文第四段。purpose是关键词,
the A&M team实际上等于Mark Westhusin, 因为这个team是他领导的。 D) find out
the differences between Missy and its clones 找出Missy和她的克隆之间的区别，
替换原文studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy.
[干扰项分析] A) study the possibility of cloning humans 研究克隆人类的可能性，与考点信息不一致；
B) search for ways to modify its temperament 寻找方法来改善它的性情，利用原文中的temperament一词来干扰考生，与考点信息不一致；
C) examine the reproductive system of the dog species 研究狗的生殖系统，利用原文第一段最后一句话的词汇reproductive
system来干扰考生， 与考点信息不一致。
Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight
into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead
to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.（It
= the project, 本段讲了克隆狗的项目有可能的意义。）
However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. （However引出的内容要高度关注，本句是本段的主题句。Westhusin对自己的工作持谨慎态度。注意cautious
about 表达的意思比较抽象，后文肯定要进行详细阐述，解释他为什么要谨慎。注意可能有考题出现。）He knows that even
if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will
face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals （本句主干He
knows that …the offspring ..will face the problems.., even if ..从句，should
they survive 插入语，shown at…过去分词短语修饰the problems， 试验所可能产生的问题也是重要考点）:
(39) abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.
（举例说明the problems）"Why would you ever want to clone humans,"
Westhusin asks, "when we're not even close to getting it worked
out in animals yet?"
39. We learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have
________.
[定位与替换] 本题要求对动物克隆进行推断，根据题干定位比较困难。考生遇到这种情况，应当迅速扫视四个选项，根据选项内容来进行定位。根据选项可以判断这都是动物克隆产生的问题，所以可以定位到最后一段。C)
defective organs 有缺陷的器官，替换原文abnormalities like immature lungs and
heart, 属于概括性替换。
[干扰项分析] A) a bad temper 坏脾气，文中无信息支持；B) immune deficiency 免疫缺陷，文中无信息支持；D)
an abnormal shape 畸形，命题者用原文词汇abnormalities 干扰考生。
40. It can be seen that present cloning techniques ________.
[定位与替换] 本题问克隆技术的现状。从第一段内容，第二段最后一句"Cloning is incredibly inefficient,
and also dangerous," he says， 最后一段所提到的问题，还有最后一段最后一句的内容，我们可以判断克隆技术比较危险
尚存在许多问题。所以选A) still have a long way to go before reaching maturity在达到成熟之前，还有很长的路要走。解题的关键是整合全文内容，进行概括推理。
[干扰项分析] B) have been widely used in saving endangered species 已经在拯救濒危动物时被广泛使用，文中无信息支持，endangered
species出现在文章倒数第二段，属于词汇干扰；C) provide insight into the question of
nature vs. nurture 有助于了解本性和教养这个古老的问题，倒数第二段It could also lead to
the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.（It
= the project，而本选项的主语是present cloning techniques, 此选项具有强烈的干扰性，关键还在于正确识别指代）；D)
have proved quite adequate for the cloning of humans 已经被证明非常适合克隆人类，与文章信息不符合。
【重点单词】
endeavor n./vt.努力，尽力
[真题]Our reporter has just called to say that rescue teams will ______
to bring out the trapped miners.
A) effect B) affect C) conceive D) endeavor
[D][CET-6:2004,1]
[译文]我们的记者刚才打电话来说救援队将努力救出受困矿工。
clone n.①无性繁殖，克隆②复制品，翻版 v.(使)无性繁殖，克隆
transfer vt.①搬，转移②调动，转学③转让，过户vi.①迁移，转移②调动，转学③转车，换乘
n.①转移，调动②转车，换乘
[真题]He hoped the firm would _______ him to the Paris branch.
A) exchange B) transmit C) transfer D) remove
[C][CET-4:1998,1]
[译文]他希望公司将他调至巴黎分部。
wastage n.浪费，损耗，废物
spontaneously adv.自然地，自发地，本能地
[真题]Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity
may be provoked by external influences.
A) spontaneously B) simultaneously C) homogeneously D) instantaneously
[A][CET-6:1997,1]
[译文]尽管大多数梦显然是自然地发生的，但做梦这种活动可能是由外界影响所引起。
aborted a.流产的，失败的
payoff n.回报，支付，偿还，发工资，成果，收效
obstacle n.障碍(物)，妨碍
[真题]Not having a good command of English can be a serious ________
preventing you from achieving your goals.
A) obstacle B) fault C) offense D) distress
[A][CET-4:2004,1]
[译文]英语不好可能会严重妨碍你实现自己的目标。
fund n.①基金②[pl]资金，存款，现金 vt.为…提供资金，给…拨款
twin n.孪生儿之一，双胞胎之一 a.孪生的，成对的
prototype n.原型
temperament n.气质，性情，脾气
[真题]The culture of China and Japan shared many features, but each
has used them according to its national ______.
A) engagement B) destiny C) capacity D) temperament
[D][CET-6:1999,6]
[译文]中、日两国文化有许多共同特征，但各自都是根据其国民气质来应用它们。
endangered a.濒危的，
cautious a.谨慎的，小心的
[真题]They are ______ investors who always make thorough investigations
both on local and international markets before making an investment.
A) indecisive B) implicit C) cautious D) conscious
[C][CET-6:2003,6]
[译文]他们是谨慎的投资者，在投资之前对国内外市场都做了彻底的调查研究。
pregnant a.怀孕的，妊娠的
offspring n.子女，子孙，后代
immature a.不成熟的，未完全发育的
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
fund the research 为研究提供资金
形容词与名词搭配：
reproductive system 生殖系统，繁殖机制
commercial opportunity 商机
nice payoff 令人满意的成果
exact copy 精确的复制(品)
动词与介词搭配：
carry on 继续，延续
differ from 与…不同
形容词与介词搭配：
cautious about 对…谨慎的
close to 接近…的
副词与介词搭配：
contrary to 与…相反
Part III Vocabulary
41. My grandfather, a retired worker, often ________ the past with
a feeling of longing and respect.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配contemplate the past 沉思过去。 B) contemplates 沉思，凝视，后接名词或者动名词作宾语；A)
considers 考虑； C) contrives 发明，设计，图谋；contrive to do sth. 设法做某事；D)
contacts 联系，接触，contact sb. 注意中间不能加with
[译文] 我的祖父，一位退休工人，经常带着渴望和敬意沉思过去。
42. Medical students are advised that the wearing of a white coat
________ the acceptance of a professional code of conduct expected
of the medical profession.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配signify the acceptance of sth.意味着对某事的接受。六级大纲中-fy结尾的单词都比较重要。C)
signifies 意味,表示；signify one's intent 表明自己的意图；A) supplements 补充（使某物完整）；supplementary
materials 补充材料；B) simulates (2003.6 CET-6) 模拟，模仿；D) swears宣誓，发誓。
[译文] 医学院的学生被忠告穿上白大褂意味着对医疗行业行为规范的接受。
43. The doctors ________ the newly approved drug into the patient
when he was critically ill.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配inject the drug （into sb. ）将药物注射（入某人 ）。 四个选项为形近的同根词。
A) injected 注射，注入；B) ejected 喷出，喷射，投出；eject a lot of smoke 排出大量烟尘；C)
projected 计划， 投射，放映；D) subjected (to ) (2002.6 CET-6) 使屈从于..., 使遭受。
[译文] 当病人病情很危急的时候。医生将新批准的药物向他体内注射。
44. Apart from philosophical and legal reasons for respecting patients'
wishes, there are several practical reasons why doctors should ________
to involve patients in their own medical care decisions.
[解析] 本题考查动词短语endeavor to do sth.尽力做某事。C) endeavor 尽力，努力；A) enforce
强迫,执行,加强；enforce the law 执法；B) endow 捐赠,资助,赋予；endow sb. with sth.
捐赠,资助,赋予某人某物；be endowed with genius 有天才；D) enhance（2001.6 / 2004.1
CET-6）提高, 增强; enhance chances of 增加…的可能性。
[译文] 除了哲学和法律上的因素必须尊重病人的愿望，医生应该尽力让病人自己做医疗方面的决定还有一些实际的原因。
45. This is a long ________ --roughly 13 miles down a beautiful
valley to the little church below.
[解析] 本题考查名词辨异。B) descent 下降,下坡,斜面；descend 下来，下降；ascend 上升；descendant
后裔，后代；A) terrain 地形,地带；C) degeneration 恶化,衰退,衰落；degenerate into退化为，堕落为；D)
tumble跌倒,摔跤。
[译文] 这是一个很长的下坡，大概有13英里长，沿着一个美丽的山谷一直到底下的一座小教堂。
46. She was deeply ________ by the amount of criticism her play
received.
[解析] 本题考查动词和介词搭配be frustrated by sth. 因为某事而感到沮丧。另外，根据关键词criticism，也只能选符合语意的D)
frustrated （使）沮丧,失败；frustrate one’s plan 破坏某人的计划；A) deported 举止,驱逐；B)
deprived (of) (2001.1 CET-6) 剥夺；strip of 特指正式剥夺，在法律上剥夺；C) involved
(in )牵涉,涉及。
[译文] 她为她的演奏受到的批评而感到沮丧。
47. Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms ________
with age as an inevitable outcome of living.
[解析] 本题考查主谓搭配organisms deteriorate 生物体退化。C) deteriorate （2003.1
CET-6）和D) degrade 都可以表示“衰退，退化，恶化”，都可以作为答案，但deteriorate在作此意时更常见。A)
depress使沮丧, 使消沉, 压下；the Great Depression 大萧条；B) default疏怠职责, 缺席,
拖欠。
[译文] 某种观点认为作为一种无法避免的生命的结果，生物体随着年龄的增长而衰退，一些科学家对此表示怀疑。
48. Many manufacturers were accused of concentrating too heavily
on cost reduction, often at the ________ of the quality of their
products.
[解析] 本题考查介词和名词搭配at the expense (cost )of 以…为代价。a considerable expense
很大的花费；B) exposure 暴露,揭露,暴光；public exposure 公开揭露；be exposed to sth.
接触某物C) expansion 扩展,扩充；territorial expansion领土扩张；D) expectation
期待,预料,指望；beyond expectation料想不到；in expectation of 期待；指望。
[译文] 许多制造商被指责太关注降低成本，经常以牺牲他们产品的质量为代价。
49. One witness ________ that he'd seen the suspect run out of
the bank after it had been robbed.
[解析] 本题考查主谓搭配witness testify 证人作证。-fy结尾单词为六级考查重点。D) testified 证明,证实,作证；testify
to sth. 证明，说明了某事；A) convicted (of)证明（宣告）…有罪；B) conformed (to) 一致,遵守；C)
retorted 反驳,回击。
[译文] 一位证人作证说他见到嫌疑人在银行被抢劫后跑出银行。
50. Nothing Helen says is ever ________. She always thinks carefully
before she speaks.
[解析] 本题考查学生根据语义线索答题的能力。 eous/ ous 结尾的单词为六级考查重点。C) spontaneous 自然的,自发的；spontaneous
recovery 自然痊愈；A) simultaneous 同时的,同时发生的；simultaneous development
同时发展；B) homogeneous 同类的,相似的,同性质的；D) rigorous 严格的,严厉的；a rigorous
plan 严格的计划；形近词vigorous 精力旺盛的，有力的。
[译文] 海伦说什么都不自然。她总是在说话之前仔细考虑。
51. She gave ________ directions about the way the rug should be
cleaned.
[解析] 本题考查形容词和名词搭配explicit directions 清楚的指导。另外，explicit也最符合语境； A)
explicit (2001.6 / 2004.1 CET-6) 清晰的,清楚的,明确的; implicit 暗示的，含蓄的；B)
brisk 敏锐的,轻快的,活泼的；C) transient 短暂的，暂时的；a transient success 一时的成功；D)
opaque 不透明的,难懂的,晦涩的。
[译文] 她对如何清洁地毯做了清楚的指导。
52. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such a(n) ________
plan.
[解析] 本题考查形容词和名词搭配an ingenious plan 有独创性的,机灵的的计划。关键线索词imagination。
eous/ ous / ius结尾的单词为六级考查重点。 A) inherent 固有的,内在的；inherent contradictions内在矛盾；inherent
laws内在规律； an inherent love of sth. 天生对某物的喜爱；C) vigorous 精力旺盛的,有力的；D)
exotic 异国情调的,外来的，奇异的; exotic words 外来词。exotic 虽然和plan可以搭配，但意思上稍有偏差。
[译文] 需要很多想象力才能提出这么有独创性的计划。
53. A ________ official is one who is irresponsible in his work.
[解析] 本题考查形容词和名词搭配A slack official 马虎的官员。解题线索who is irresponsible
in his work 对应slack 马虎的,松弛的，萧条的，清淡的；slack season淡季；be slack in doing
sth. 做某事马虎；A) timid 胆小的,羞怯的；a timid reply战战兢兢的答复B) tedious 单调的,沉闷的；C)
suspicious ( of ) 怀疑的,多疑的; a suspicious character 多疑的性格; arouse
suspicion 引起怀疑；under suspicion 被怀疑；above / beyond suspicion 无可怀疑。
[译文] 马虎的官员对工作不负责任的官员。
54. Most mathematicians trust their ________ in solving problems
and readily admit they would not be able to function without it.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配trust one’s intuition 相信某人的知觉。 C) intuition 直觉；A) conception
观念,概念，构想；a comprehensive conception 完整的构想；B) perception 感知,感觉,理解，看法；D)
cognition 认识；artificial cognition人工识别。
[译文] 大部分数学家在解决问题的时候相信他们的直觉， 并乐意承认如果没有直觉他们就无法工作。
55. He had an almost irresistible ________ to talk to the crowd
when he entered Hyde Park.
[解析] 本题考查形容词和名词搭配irresistible impulse 无法抑制的冲动； A) impulse 冲动,推动；on
impulse 冲动地；B) instinct 本能，直觉，天性；by instinct 出于本能；have an instinct
for生来就有...的本能, 生性爱好C) stimulation 激励,鼓舞,刺激；stimulate one’s curiosity
激发某人的好奇心；D) surge 汹涌, 高涨，急剧上升。
[译文] 一进入海德公园他就有一种几乎无法抑制的冲动想向人群说话。
56. Encouraged by their culture to voice their opinions freely,
the Canadians are not afraid to go against the group ________, and
will argue their viewpoints enthusiastically, though rarely aggressively.
[解析] 本题考查习惯搭配group consensus 集体舆论，集体的一致意见；C) consensus 一致同意,一致意见,多数人的意见；A)
consent 同意,赞成；mutual consent 双方同意；B) conscience 良心,道德心；have a bad
/ guilty / an evil conscience 有愧于良心，内疚; D) consciousness 意识。stream
of consciousness 意识流。
[译文] 受到言论表达自由的文化的鼓励，加拿大人不怕反对群体的一致意见，他们会热烈地发表自己的观点，但很少带有攻击性。
57. He still ________ the memory of his carefree childhood spent
in that small wooden house of his grandparents'.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配cherish the memory珍惜记忆。B) cherishes珍惜,珍爱,怀有，抱有; cherished
desire 夙愿； cherish fancies 抱有幻想；A) nourishes 滋养,孕育,怀有（希望、怨恨等）；C)
fancies 想象,设想,认为，幻想；fancy doing sth. 幻想，设想干某事；D) scans细看,审视,浏览；scan
the newspaper 浏览报纸。
[译文] 他仍然珍惜与祖父母在那个小木屋里度过的无忧无虑的童年的记忆。
58. She expressed her strong determination that nothing could ________
her to give up her career as a teacher.
[解析] 本题考查动词搭配induce sb. to do sth. 劝诱,诱使某人做某事；B)deduce 推论，演绎；deduce
a conclusion 推出一个结论；C)reduce 减少,缩小；D) attract 吸引；attract attention
引起注意；无attract sb. to do sth.这个用法。
[译文] 她表达没有什么东西能够诱使她放弃将教师作为自己的职业的强大决心。
59. The microscope and telescope, with their capacity to enlarge,
isolate and probe, demonstrate how details can be ________ and separated
from the whole.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配magnify the details 放大细节。D) magnified 放大（图像）,扩大，夸张；magnify
a trivial matter 夸张一件小事； A) radiated 放射,辐射,传播；B) extended 延长,扩大。给予；extend
one’s holiday 延长假期；extend a warm welcome to sb. 向某人表示热烈欢迎；C) prolonged
延长, 拖延（时间、程度上）；prolong one’s life 延长某人的生命；prolong the visit 延长访问。
[译文] 显微镜和望远镜，具有放大、分离、探测的功能，显示了细节如何被从整体放大并分离出来。
60. Lighting can be used not only to create an atmosphere, but
also to ________ features of the house, such as ornaments or pictures.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配highlight features 突出特色。A) highlight突出,加亮,使…显著；The
highlight of sth. 某事最精彩的部分；B) underline 加下划线,强调；C) activate 刺激,使活动；activated
by 受…的驱使，刺激；D) upgrade 升级,提升；upgrade national defense 提升国防。
[译文] 灯光不仅能被用来创造气氛而且能够突出房子的特色，比如装饰和图片。
61. By turning this knob to the right you can ________ the sound
from the radio.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配amplify the sound 放大声音。-fy结尾的单词为六级重点考查单词。B) amplify
放大（声音信号等）,增强，详述；amplify the signal 放大信号；A) intensify 加强,强化（使某事变得更强烈，剧烈）；intensify
one’s efforts / search 强化努力/搜寻; C) enlarge 扩大,放大（照片）；enlarge one's
views开阔眼界；enlarge a photo放大照片；D) reinforce加强，增援； reinforce one’s
defenses 增强防御；reinforce one’s hopes增强某人的希望。
[译文] 把旋钮向右转，你可以放大收音机的声音。
62. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the
practical work had been ________ with the theoretical aspects of
the subject.
[解析] 本题考查动词和介词搭配 be integrated with 与…结合,集成；integrate… into 使…并入；integral
构成整体所必需的，基本的；an integral part 必不可少的一部分；A) embedded 使插入, 使嵌入，使深留脑中;
be embedded with sth. 嵌入某物; be embedded in the mind 深深印入脑海；B) embraced
拥抱，接受；C) synthesized 综合,合成( 形成一种新的、复杂的产物)。
[译文] 这门课程吸引人的特色之一是实际工作与该学科的理论方面结合。
63. They couldn't see a ________ of hope that they would be saved
by a passing ship.
[解析] 本题考查习惯搭配a gleam of hope一线希望; D) gleam微弱的闪光, 一丝光线, 瞬息的一现; a
gleam of interest 一丝兴趣 ；A) grain 谷物,谷类；B) span（时间或空间）跨度,范围；life
span 寿命；over a span of a decade 在十年之内；C) slice 切片,部分。
[译文] 他们看不到他们会被过往的船只拯救的一线希望。
64. The traditional markets retain their ________ for the many
Chinese who still prefer fresh food like live fish, ducks, chickens
over packaged or frozen goods.
[解析] 本题考查名词和介词搭配appeal for sb. 对某人的吸引力A) appeal 吸引力；artistic appeal艺术魅力；B)
pledge 保证,誓言；make a pledge to do sth. 发誓做某事；C) image 图像,肖像,形象；television
image 电视图像；D) survival 生存,幸存；survival techniques救生技术; survival equipment救生设备。
[译文] 传统市场保持了对许多中国人的吸引力，他们仍然喜欢新鲜的食品（比如鱼,鸭,鸡）而不喜欢包装或冷冻食品。
65. ________ efforts are needed in order to finish important but
unpleasant tasks.
[解析] 本题考查形容词和名词搭配persistent efforts 坚持不懈的,持久的努力；A) consecutive 连续的,连贯的；on
seven consecutive days 连续七天；C) perpetual (2003.6 CET-6) 永久的，无休止的，没完没了的；a
perpetual lease永久租地权； perpetual noise 无休止的噪音；B) condensed 浓缩的；condense
one’s speech 精简某人的演讲。
[译文] 为了完成重要的但是并不令人愉快的任务需要坚持不懈的努力。
66. A number of students ________ in flats, and others live in
the nearby holiday resorts, where there is a reasonable supply of
competitively priced accommodation.
[解析] 本题考查动词和介词搭配reside in 居住在；resident 居民；permanent resident 永久居民；A)
revive (使)苏醒, (使)复兴; revive an old custom恢复旧习俗；B) inhabit （及物动词，后不需加介词）居住于；inhabitant
居民C) gather 集合,聚集；
[译文] 许多学生居住在公寓里，其他人住在附近的度假胜地，那里提供了合理的价格具有竞争力的膳宿。
67. He bought his house on the________ plan, paying a certain amount
of money each month.
[解析] 本题考查固定的介词和名词搭配on the installment plan 按分期付款计划购买；语义线索paying
a certain amount of money each month；.C) installment (2002.6 CET-6)分期付款；A)
division 分开，分割,区分；division of labor 分工；B) premium 额外费用,奖金,奖赏；D)
fluctuation (2003.1 CET-6) 波动,起伏; fluctuation in the exchange rates兑换率的波动；spontaneous
fluctuation自然起伏。
[译文] 他通过分期付款计划买了房子，每个月付一定的钱。
68. He could not ________ ignorance as his excuse; he should have
known what was happening in
his department.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配plead ignorance 以不知道情况为借口；as his excuse可以省略； B) plead以…作藉口,托词,辩护,恳求；plead
with 向…请求，恳求；plead for mercy 请求宽恕；A) petition 请愿，请求,恳求；C) resort
(to )求助,诉诸, 采取(某种手段等；D) reproach 责备；reproach sb. for (doing) sth
为（做）某事而责备某人。
[译文] 他不能以不知道情况为借口；他应该知道在他的部门里发生了什么。
69. Many ecologists believe that lots of major species in the world
are on the________ of extinction.
[解析] 本题考查固定短语on the verge of 在…的边缘（一般是处于危险的边缘）；on the verge of complete
failure濒于全面失败 ; on the verge of bankruptcy 濒于破产; A) margin 页边的空白,
(湖,池等的)边缘, 极限; B) border 边界,边沿；D) fringe 边缘, 须边；本题是一道错题，几个干扰项都有on
the … of的搭配，表示“在…的边缘”，虽然没有verge 常用，但都是正确的用法。比如以下几个句子：Over-fishing
has led to Pacific salmon on the margin of extinction. / Wolf numbers
have grown considerably in Spain in the last 20 years to the point
where from a situation in the seventies when it was on the border
of extinction, / With less than 100 surviving specimens,. this gorgeous
bird, on the fringe of extinction,. NEEDS URGENT ATTENTION!
[译文] 许多生物学家认为世界上许多主要物种都处于灭绝的边缘。
70. Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly ________ will
receive a bonus.
[解析] 本题考查固定搭配the weekly quota 一周定额；线索词salesperson , sells； B) quota
定额，限额；sales quota 销售定额；A) ratio 比,比率；the ratio of A to B / the ratio
between A and B A和B的比率；C) allocation 分配,安置；allocation of resource
资源分配；D) portion 一部分，一分； a large / small portion of 一大/小部分。
[译文] 任何销售超过了周定额的销售员都会受到奖励。
Part IV Error Correction
The World Health Organization (WHO) says its ten-year
campaign to remove leprosy ( 麻风病) as a world health
problem has been successful. Doctor Brundtland, head of the
WHO, says a number of leprosy cases around the world has S1_____
been cut of ninety percent during the past ten years. She says S2.
______
efforts are continuing to complete end the disease. S3.______
解析:
S1. 冠词错误：本句话的意思不是a number of 许多，而是麻风病病例的数量，所以说不能has been 改成 have
been, 很多考生这样改。
S2. 介词错误：by ninety percent 表示上升或者下降的幅度。
S3. 词性错误： 修饰动词的应该是副词而不是形容词。
译文：
世界卫生组织说它的一项旨在消灭成为全球健康问题的麻风病的运动很成功。 世界卫生组织的领导人Brundtland医生说，在过去十年中，全世界的麻风病病例的数量已经被削减了90%。她说世卫组织仍然在继续努力完全消灭这种疾病。
Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from
the nose and mouth. The disease mainly effects the skin and .S4.______
nerves. However, if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanent
damage for the skin, nerves, eyes, arms or legs. S5. ______
解析:
S4. 形近词错误：effects / affects都可做动词，但意思不同。
S5. 介词错误：cause damage to sth是固定用法。
译文：
麻风病由细菌引起，这些细菌通过人的鼻子和口腔的液体传播。这种疾病主要影响皮肤和神经。然而，如果麻风病不被治疗，它会对皮肤,神经,眼睛,手臂或腿造成永久的伤害。
In 1999, an international campaign began to end leprosy.
The WHO, governments of countries most affected by the
disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign.
This alliance guarantees that all leprosy patients, even they S6.______
are poor, have a right to the most modern treatment.
解析：his alliance = The WHO, governments of countries and several
other countries ；they = leprosy patients
S6. 连接词错误：这里的意思不是甚至，而是即使。
译文：
1999年，一项国际运动展开来消灭麻风病。世界卫生组织，被麻风病影响最大的国家的政府，还有一些其它组织都参与了这项运动。这个联盟确保所有的麻风病人，即使他们很贫穷，也有权利受到最现代化的治疗。
Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease
that requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead,
patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. This S7.
______
modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months,
depend on the form of the disease. The treatment combines S8._____
several drugs taken daily or once a month. The WHO has
given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five S9.
______
years. The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to
target the countries which still threatened by leprosy. Among S10._____
the estimated 600,000 victims around the world, the WHO
believes about 70% are in India. The disease also remains a
problem in Africa and South America.
解析:
S7. 句子结构错误： what引导的名词性结构作take的宾语。
S8. 句子结构错误：depending on 作伴随状语。
S9. 词形错误：这里是免费的意思，所以应该用free。Freely 意思为自由地，直率的。
S10. 句子结构错误： which引导的定语从句修饰the countries, 此处应该用被动的意思，所以加are。考试中的文章把原文The
members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries
still threatened by leprosy. 稍加改动为which still threatened by leprosy，原文中still
threatened by leprosy 是过去分词短语修饰the countries。
译文：
Brundtland医生说麻风病已经不再是需要由医疗专家进行终身治疗的疾病了。病人而是能够采取一种多药物疗法。这种现代疗法能够在6到12个月治好麻风病，取决于麻风病的类型。这种疗法结合了几种每天或者每月服用一次的药物。世界卫生组织在过去五年里免费向病人提供了多药物疗法。反麻风病联盟的成员计划将目标对准仍然受到麻风病威胁的国家。在全世界大约60万麻风病患者中，世界卫生组织认为有70%在印度。
这个病在非洲和南美洲仍然是一个问题。
改错原文选自于美国之音，原文如下，考试中的文章从中节选。请同学们体会平时阅读外刊文章和听VOA / BBC广播节目的重要性。
This is the VOA Special English Development Report.
The World Health Organization says its ten-year campaign to remove
leprosy as
a world health problem has been successful. Doctor Gro Harlem Brundtland
is
head of the Geneva-based W-H-O. She says the number of leprosy cases
around
the world has been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years.
She says
efforts continue to completely end the disease.
Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid from the nose
and mouth.
The disease mainly affects the skin and nerves. However, if leprosy
is not
treated leprosy it can cause permanent damage to the skin, nerves,
eyes, arms
or legs.
In Nineteen-Ninety-Nine, an international campaign began to end
leprosy. The
World Health Organization, governments of countries most affected
by the
disease, and several other groups are part of the campaign. This
alliance
guarantees that all leprosy patients, even if they are poor, have
a right to
the most modern treatment.
Mizz Brundtland says leprosy has affected humans since the very
beginning of
recorded history. However, she says it is no longer a disease that
requires
life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead, patients can take
what is
called a “multi-drug therapy,” or M-D-T. This modern treatment will
cure
leprosy in six to twelve months, depending on the form of the disease.
The
treatment combines several drugs taken daily or once a month.
The W-H-O has given M-D-T to patients free for the last five years.
The
international drug company Novartis has been manufacturing and providing
the
treatment without cost. It says it will continue to provide M-D-T
until
Two-Thousand-Five.
The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries
still threatened by leprosy. Among the estimated six-hundred-thousand
victims
around the world, the W-H-O believes about seventy percent are in
India. The
disease also remains a problem in South America, especially in Brazil.
The biggest barriers to completely controlling leprosy may be in
Africa. The
World Health Organization says this continent is the second most
affected
area in the world. Yet, the rise of AIDS and other deadly diseases
along with
armed conflicts and social tension make treating leprosy in Africa
difficult.
This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill
Moss.
Part V Writing
[范文]
Your Help Needed
Dear fellow students, Jan. 8, 2005
We are the staff from the student union. We have sad news for you.
One of our classmates is suffering from blood cancer. Now, his state
of illness is very serious. He is in the isolated ward waiting for
operation. His name is Wangling, a senior majoring in Computer Science.
He is a warm-hearted guy and one of the top students in his department.
He comes from a poor urban family and both of his parents are laid-off
workers, living on relief from the national government.
His illness needs immediate surgery, and as you know the surgery
fee is astronomically high, up to 300,000 yuan. Owing to his family’s
financial condition, he could not afford it. And we also need hands
to nurse him because his parents are also in hospital after hit
by the bad news.
So your your helping hands are urgently needed. If you are willing
to donate money to him, please phone us at 139******** , email us
at studentunion@sina.com , visit www.urheplp.com (the website we
set up for him) or directly visit our office. Millions of thanks
for your loving hearts!
The Student Union
[分析] 本次作文对书信格式要求不很严格，但考生必须写到提纲中的每一个要点，每少一个要点要扣一分。这种公开信的形式同学们可能不是很熟悉，
正如我在考前新浪答疑的时候所讲的，还有《创造闪光点，决胜四六级》那篇文章里所说的一样，模板很难找到用武之地（不像以前纯粹的议论文），题目也是考察同学校园生活里的事情。这就更加要求同学们加强语言基本功的培养，多掌握一些精彩的单词、短语、句型表达。
请同学们仔细揣摩并掌握本篇范文中的表达。
试卷一
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
1. A) Dick’s trousers don’t match his jacket.
B) Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.
C) The color of Dick’s jacket is too dark.
D) Dick has bad taste in clothes.
2. A) Call the police station.
B) Get the wallet for the man.
C) Show the man her family pictures.
D) Ask to see the man’s driver’s license.
3. A) The temperature is not as high as the man claims.
B) The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.
C) She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.
D) She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over
town.
4. A) She lost a lot of weight in two years.
B) She stopped exercising two years ago.
C) She had a unique way of staying healthy.
D) She was never persistent in anything she did.
5. A) The man is not suitable for the position.
B) The job has been given to someone else.
C) She had received only one application letter.
D) The application arrived a week earlier than expected.
6. A) He’s unwilling to fetch the laundry.
B) He has already picked up the laundry.
C) He will go before the laundry is closed.
D) He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.
7. A) At a shopping center.
B) At an electronics company.
C) At an international trade fair.
D) At a DVD counter in a music store.
8. A) The woman hated the man talking throughout the movie.
B) The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie.
C) The woman prefers light movies before sleep.
D) The woman regrets going to the movie.
9. A) He is the right man to get the job done.
B) He is a man with professional expertise.
C) He is not easy to get along with.
D) He is not likely to get the job.
10. A) It is being forced out of the entertainment industry.
B) It should change its concept of operation.
C) It should revolutionize its technology.
D) It is a very good place to relax.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At
the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choice
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) He set up the first university in America.
B) He was one of the earliest settlers in America.
C) He can best represent the spirit of early America.
D) He was the most distinguished diplomat in American history.
12. A) He provided Washington with a lot of money.
B) He persuaded France to support Washington.
C) He served as a general in Washington’s army.
D) He represented Washington in negotiations with Britain.
13. A) As one of the greatest American scholars.
B) As one of America’s most ingenious inventors.
C) As one of the founding fathers of the United States.
D) As one of the most famous activists for human rights.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) Because we might be offered a dish of insects.
B) Because nothing but freshly cooked insects are served.
C) Because some yuppies like to horrify guests with insects as food.
D) Because we might meet many successful executives in the media
industry.
15. A) From yuppie clubs.
B) In the seafood market.
C) In the supermarket.
D) On the Internet.
16. A) It’s easy to prepare.
B) It’s tasty and healthful.
C) It’s exotic in appearance.
D) It’s safe to eat.
17. A) It will be consumed by more and more young people.
B) It will become the first course at dinner parties.
C) It will have to be changed to suit local tastes.
D) It is unlikely to be enjoyed by most people.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18. A) Their business hours are limited.
B) Their safety measures are inadequate.
C) Their banking procedures are complicated.
D) They don’t have enough service windows.
19. A) People who are in the habit of switching from one bank to
another.
B) Young people who are fond of modern technology.
C) Young people who are wealthy and well-educated.
D) People who have computers at home.
20. A) To compete for customers.
B) To reduce the size of their staff.
C) To provide services for distant clients.
D) To expand their operations at a lower cost.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer
Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following following passage.
It was the worst tragedy in maritime (航海) history, six times more
deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff
was hit by torpedoes (鱼雷) fired from a Russian submarine in the
final winter of Word War II, more than 10,000 people — mostly women,
children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi
Germany — were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks
into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the
sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately
tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those
in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard.
Most people froze immediately. “I’ll never forget the screams,”
says Christa Nutzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls
watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave —
and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half
a century.
Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived
the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children
— with his latest novel Ctab Walk, published last month. The book,
which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on the sinking;
its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe
only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in
the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was
obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die
Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and
are so dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to tell of our own
sufferings.”
The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably
unavoidable — and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their
country’s monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have
managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize (使不得) the neo-Nazis
at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today’s unified Germany
is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled
history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful
memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price
to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that
they’ve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record.
Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply
to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.
21.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was
the worst tragedy in maritime history?
A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.
B) Most of its passengers were frozen to death.
C) Its victims were mostly women and children.
D) It caused the largest number of casualties.
22. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when .
A) a strong ice storm tilted the ship
B) the cruise ship sank all of sudden
C) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side
D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats
23.The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more
than half a century because Germans .
A) were eager to win international acceptance
B) felt guilty for their crimes in World War II
C) had been pressured to keep silent about it
D) were afraid of offending their neighbors
24.How does Günter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff
tragedy?
A) By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack
B) By describing the ship’s sinking in great detail
C) By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche
D) By depicting the survival of a young pregnant Woman
25.It can learned from the passage that Germans no longer think
that .
A) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff
tragedy
B) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for
the nation’s past misdeeds
C) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in
World War II
D) it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools,
it is not surprising that such students often have little good to
say about their school experiences. In one study of 400 adults who
had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found
that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school
or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthunr Prize fellows, winners
of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things
to say about their precollegiate schooling if they had not been
placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal (名人轶事的) reports support this.
Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and
William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill,
who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About
Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull
a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their
teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are
arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.
Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because
their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso
in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked
ability but because they found school unchanging and consequently
lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind
and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything
less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach.”
As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed
nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeats’s level
of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to conflicts
with teachers.
When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important
to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely
to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing
prodigy(神童) studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught
far more about writing by his journalist father than his English
teacher. High-IQ children in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had
much more positive feelings about their families than their schools.
About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little
good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors
classes when available, and some skipped grades.
26.The main point the author is making about schools is that________.
A) they should satisfy the needs of students from different family
backgrounds
B) they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented
students
C) they should organize their classes according to the students’
ability
D) they should enroll as many gifted students as possible
27.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith’s teachers_________.
A) to provide support for his argument
B) to illustrate the strong will of some gifted children
C) to explain how dull students can also be successful
D) to show how poor Oliver’s performance was at school
28.Pable Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who_________.
A) paid no attention to their teachers in class
B) contradicted their teachers much too often
C) could not cope with there studies at school successfully
D) behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers.
29.Many gifted people attributed their success___________.
A) mainly to parental help and their education at home
B) both to school instruction and to their parents’ coaching
C) more to their parents’ encouragement than to school training
D) less to their systematic education than to their talent
30.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of
their school years is that ____.
A) their nonconformity brought them a lot of trouble
B) they were seldom praised by their teachers
C) school courses failed to inspire or motivate them
D) teachers were usually far stricter than their parents
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage
When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we
usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes
the government every time. It’s Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is
facing charges under Mary land’s laws against secret telephone taping.
It’s our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass
our private financial data to telemarketing firms.
Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws
without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting
business people track our financial habits virtually at will.
As an example of what’s going on, consider U.S. Bancorp, which was
recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota.
According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called
MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers,
bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account
balances and credit limits.
With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for
dollars — selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and
other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial
offer” had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were
charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts.
U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.
Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didn’t
know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And
if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no.
The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The
company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp
settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing
its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A
few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still
do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.
And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to
sell you financial products, including things of litter value, such
as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.
You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal
accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction
and experience” information — mainly the details of your bank and
credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private
firms. They’ve generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to
businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesn’t
work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who
enforces it?
Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “all
personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.”
Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that
doesn’t “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares” it and reaps
a profit. Now you know.
31.Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people’s
privacy .
A) is mainly carried out by means of secret taping
B) has been intensified with the help of the IRS
C) is practiced exclusively by the FBI
D) is more prevalent in business circles
32.We know from the passage that .
A) legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy
protection
B) most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices
of private businesses
C) the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to private
information
D) law-makers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to
inquire into customer’s buying habits
33. When the“free trial”deadline is over, you’ll be charged without
notice for a product or service if .
A) you fail to cancel it within the specified period
B) you happen to reveal your credit card number
C) you find the product or service unsatisfactory
D) you fail to apply for extension of the deadline
34. Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank
accounts as private because .
A) its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current
protection policy
B) it is considered “transaction and experience” information unprotected
by law
C) it has always been considered an open secret by the general public
D) its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation
35. We can infer from the passage that .
A) banks will have to change their ways of doing business
B) privacy protection laws will soon be enforced
C) consumers’ privacy will continue to be invaded
D) “free trial” practice will eventually be banned
passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage
It’s hardily news that the immigration system is a mess , Foreign
nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers,
and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay
their legal welcome without being punished. But since Sept.11, it’s
become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses
of our system into their plans. In addition to their mastery of
forging passports, at least three of the 19 Sept.11 hijackers(劫机者)were
here on expired visas. That’s been a safe bet until now. The Immigration
and Naturalization Service (INS)(移民归化局)lacks the resources, and
apparently the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million
foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.
But this laxness (马虎) toward immigration fraud may be about to change.
Congress has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot
Act, passed in the wake of the Sept.11 tragedy, requires the FBI,
the Justice Department, the State Department and the INS to share
more data, which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorist
at the border .
But what’s really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and
more resources aimed at tightening up border security. Reformers
are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement.
They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents
and investigators to keep illegal immigrant out and to track them
down once they’re here. Reformers also want to see the INS set up
a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country
when they are required to.
All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill
that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate
last week. Before Sept.11, legislation of this kind had been blocked
by two powerful lobbies: universities, which rely on tuition form
foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business,
which relies on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, they’ve
backed off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional
maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next
year.
Also on the agenda for next year: a proposal, backed by some influential
law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies — a good cop that
would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers
and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections, deportation
and other functions. One reason for the division, supporters say,
is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving
tourists and immigrants. After the Sept.11 tragedy, the INS should
pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans
who rely on the nation’s border security to protect them from terrorist
attacks.
36. Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of .
A) the legal privileges granted to foreigners
B) the excessive hospitality of the American people
C) the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints
D) the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
37. We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made
by various U.S. government agencies to .
A) refuse the renewing of expired visas
B) ward off terrorist suspects at the border
C) prevent the forgery of immigration papers
D) limit the number of immigrants to the U.S.
38. It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept. 11, aliens
with expired visas .
A) might have them extended without trouble
B) would be closely watched by FBI agents.
C) might stay on for as long as they wished
D) would live in constant fear of deportation
39. It is believed by many that all these years the INS .
A) has been serving two contradictory functions
B) has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants
indiscriminately
C) has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the
nations security
D) has ignored the pleas of the two powerful lobbies
40. Before Sept. 11, the U.S. Congress had been unable to pass stricter
immigration laws because .
A) they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor
B) it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmen
C) education and business circles cared little about national security
D) resources were not available for their enforcement
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For
each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose
the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. It is generally known that New York is a city for and a center
for odd bits of information.
A) veterans B) victims C) pedestrians D) eccentrics
42. High grades are supposed to academic ability, but john’s actual
performance did not confirm this.
A) certify B) clarify C)classify D) notify
43. In spite of the , it seemed that many of the invited guests
would still show up.
A) deviation B) distinction C) controversy D) comparison
44. The relatives of those killed in the crash got together to seek
.
A) premium B)compensation C) repayment D) refund
45. At first everything vent well with the project but recently
we have had a number of with the machinery.
A) disturbances B) setbacks C) outputs D) distortions
46. He tried to hide his patch by sweeping his hair over to one
side.
A) barren B) bare C) bald D) bleak
47. The old couple now still for their beloved son, 30years after
his death.
A) cherish B) groan C) immerse D) mourn
48. Coffee is the of this district and brings local farmers a lot
of money.
A) majority B) staple C) spice D) elite
49. Before we move, we should some of the old furniture, so that
we can have more room in the new house.
A) discard B) dissipate C) cancel D) conceal
50. You cannot imagine how I feel with my duties sometimes.
A) overflowed B) overthrown C) overwhelmed D) overturned
51. Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month
will be to have withdrawn from the program.
A) contemplated B) deemed C) acknowledged D) anticipated
52. Although he was on a diet, the delicious food him enormously.
A) distracted B) stimulated C) inspired D) tempted
53. The police are trying to what really happened.
A) ascertain B) assert C)avert D)ascribe
54. He said that ending the agreement would the future of small
or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase
prices of all but a few bestsellers.
A) venture B) expose C)jeopardize D) legalize
55. As we know, computers are used to store and information efficiently.
A) reclaim B) reconcile C)reassure D) retrieve
56. His illness first itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.
A) expressed B) manifested C)reflected D) displayed
57. The they felt for each other was obvious to everyone who saw
them.
A) affection B) adherence C) sensibility D)sensitivity
58. When construction can begin depends on how soon the _ of the
route is completed.
A) conviction B) identity C)orientation D) survey
59. The government a heavy tax on tobacco, which aroused opposition
from the tobacco industry.
A) pronounced B) imposed C)complied D) prescribed
60. Years after the accident he was still by images of death and
destruction.
A) twisted B) dipped C) haunted D) submerged
61. The boxer and almost fell when his opponent hit him.
A) staggered B)shattered C) scattered D) stamped
62. In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is_ into
ice.
A) dispersed B) embodied C) compiled D) compacted
63. These continual in temperature make it impossible to decide
what to wear.
A) transitions B) transformations C)exchanges D) fluctuations
64.The post-World War II baby resulted in a 43 percent increase
in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s.
A) boost B) boom C) production D)prosperity
65. Elisabeth did not enter the museum at once, but in the courtyard.
A) resided B) dwelled C)lingered D) delayed
66. Henry went through the documents again carefully for fear of
any important data.
A) relaying B) overlooking C) deleting D)revealing
67. The bank is offering a to anyone who can give information about
the robbery.
A) reward B)bonus C) prize D)compliment
68. It is a(n) that the French eat so much rich food and yet have
a relatively low rate of heart disease.
A) analogy B) paradox C) correlation D) illusion
69.For many years the Japanese have the car market.
A) presided B) occupied C) operated D)dominated
70. The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the
A) agenda B)bulletin C)routine D)timetable
试卷二
Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage,
there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You
may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out
the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If
you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the
corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧)
in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you
delete a word, cross it out and put a slash ( / ) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1.
time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2.
/
as a school subject are valid for∧study of television. 3. the
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people — the learned
patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a
population or society, include the expression of these patterns
in S1.
material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture — S2.
abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional
arrangements — and material culture — physical object like S3.
cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects
both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary S4.
speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another
S5.
language - the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, S6.
literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be
human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world
S7.
of experience we share with other members of our group.
Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind S8.
of map for relating to others. Consider how you find your way
about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom,
or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh S9.
at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, S10.
ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.
Therefore, if we know a person’s culture, we can understand
and even predict a good deal of his behavior.
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor service
of a bookstore. You should write at least 150 words according to
the guidelines given below in Chinese.
设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：
1. 事情的起因
2. 与书店交涉的经过
3. 呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量
A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper
参考答案
PartⅠ
1-10. ABCAB ACDDB 11-20. CBCAD BDACA
PartⅡ
21-30. DCBDA BACAC 31-40. DDABC DBCCA
PartⅢ
41-50. DACBA CDBAC 51-60. BDACD BADBC 61-70. ADDBC BABDA
PartⅣ
S1. include → including S2. compose → composed S3. object → objects
S4. or → and S5. individual → who S6. unfamiliar → familiar
S7. because of → because S8. essentially → essential S9. laugh →
laughs
S10. by → with
超 精 解 分 析
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: Huh, Dick. You are wearing a black jacket, but yellow trousers.
It’s the strangest combination I’ve ever seen.
M: I know. I got up late and dressed in a hurry. I didn’t realize
my mistake until I entered the office.
Q: What does the woman think of the way Dick dressed?
A) Dick’s trousers don’t match his jacket.
B) Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.
C) The color of Dick’s jacket is too dark.
D) Dick has bad taste in clothes.
解析： 女士说Dick的穿着是她所见过的最奇怪的搭配，也就是裤子和上衣不匹配(match)。注意strangest为最高级，表示强调。
单词：combination搭配，组合；funny滑稽，好笑的
短语：in a hurry匆忙；have bad taste in sth. 在某方面品位不高
句型：It’s + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + I’ve ever seen. 这是我所见过的最…的…。如：It’s
the most exciting film I’ve ever seen. 这是我所见过的最令人兴奋的电影。这类句型常为考点。
2. M: Excuse me, but has anyone turned in a brown leather wallet?
I’ve lost my wallet. It contains my driver’s license and also some
family pictures that are pretty important to me.
W: Oh, yes, we had a wallet brought in this morning. Wait here just
a minute, please.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
A) Call the police station.
B) Get the wallet for the man.
C) Show the man her family pictures.
D) Ask to see the man’s driver’s license.
解析：女士回答有人上交过钱包，请等一会儿。从中可以推断，女士最有可能是去拿钱包。注意对话是围绕wallet, 题目和答案必定与之相关。
单词：leather皮革；contain内有，包含；picture照片
短语：turn in 上交；driver’s license驾驶执照；bring in上交；have sth. done（别人）做了某事
句型：Excuse me, but… 常在引起别人注意或请求帮忙时使用
3. M: Excuse me, Madam? Is the air-conditioning on? This room is
getting as hot as a furnace.
W: Sorry, sir, a new epidemic called SARS is threatening us right
now. As a preventative measure, we are told to let in fresh air
by opening the windows and not using air-conditioners.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) The temperature is not as high as the man claims.
B) The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.
C) She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.
D) She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over
town.
解析：女士说作为预防非典的措施，他们被要求开窗通风，不要开空调。we are told to表示女士follow instructions。本对话的讨论中心是开不开空调，其它答案离题。
单词：air-conditioning / air-conditioner空调；epidemic流行病
短语：as hot as a furnace 象炉子一样热（比喻非常热）；preventative measure预防措施; follow
instructions 听从指令，指示；spread all over town 扩展到全城
句型：Is sth. on? 某物开着吗？如：Is the lamp on? 灯开着吗？
4. M: You look quite different from what you used to.
W: Sure, I started exercising regularly two years ago and went from
253 pounds to a healthy 160 pounds. And that’s the only thing I
did not give up halfway.
Q: What do we know about the woman?
A) She lost a lot of weight in two years.
B) She stopped exercising two years ago.
C) She had a unique way of staying healthy.
D) She was never persistent in anything she did.
解析：本题要求考生具有相当的概括能力。女士两年前开始减肥，从253磅降到了160磅。lost a lot of weight是概括性替换，这比一般替换要难。
单词：regularly有规律地
短语：used to曾经；give up halfway半途而废; lose weight体重下降；减肥；a unique way独特方法；stay
healthy保持健康
5. M: I wonder if you find my experience relevant to the job.
W: Yes, certainly, but if only you had sent in your application
letter a week earlier.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) The man is not suitable for the position.
B) The job has been given to someone else.
C) She had received only one application letter.
D) The application arrived a week earlier than expected.
解析：解题的关键是对but if only you had虚拟语气的理解。女士说：是的，当然（你的经历和这个工作是相关的），但是你要是早一个星期递交你的申请信就好了。言下之意是别人已经first
come, first served先来先得，得到这份工作了。另外，本对话是围绕job展开的。
单词：position职位
短语：relevant to与…有关；send in递交，递送；application letter申请信；suitable for适合
句型：I wonder if… 我想知道是否… ；if only you had done sth.你要是做了某事就好了
6. W: Shouldn’t someone go pick up a clothes from the laundry? They
were ready three hours ago.
M: Don’t look at me, Mom.
Q: What does the boy mean?
A) He’s unwilling to fetch the laundry.
B) He has already picked up the laundry.
C) He will go before the laundry closed.
D) He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.
解析：本对话的话题是取衣服。男孩回答Don’t look at me, 言外之意是不愿意去取衣服。答案应该是否定的回答。pick
up = fetch
单词：laundry洗衣店, 要洗的衣服；ready完毕，好了；fetch取来
短语：pick up取
句型：Shouldn’t someone do sth? 某人难道不应该做某事吗？（实际上的意思是希望某人做某事）；Don’t
look at me. 间接回答，表示否定，不愿意干某事。
7. M: Uh, hi, could you tell me where electronic products are displayed?
I want to see some TVs, digital video cameras, DVD players. That
sort of thing!
W: Well, several countries are displaying electronic products. China’s
selection is very large this year. You might as well go to the east
wing first to take a look at the Chinese booth.
Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
A) At a shopping center.
B) At an electronics company.
C) At an international trade fair.
D) At a DVD counter in a music store.
解析：根据重复出现的关键词display, 还有booth，several countries可以判断对话是发生在an international
trade fair. 最容易误选A，因为对话中很多展览的商品的名称在干扰考生，使你想当然地认为是在购物中心。本题着重考查从纷繁的细节中抓住对话中心的能力。
单词：display陈列，展览；player播放器；wing侧厅，侧楼；booth摊位，展位；counter 柜台
短语：electronic products电子产品；digital video cameras数码摄像机；take a look
at看一看；shopping center购物中心；trade fair贸易展览，交易会
句型：You might as well do sth. 你不妨做某事（表示建议）
8. M: Well, what did you think of the movie?
W: I don’t know why I let you talk me into going. I just don’t like
violence. Next time you’d better choose a comedy.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation?
A) The woman hated the man talking throughout the movie.
B) The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie.
C) The woman prefers light movies before sleep.
D) The woman regrets going to the movie.
解析：男士问女士对电影的看法，所以回答也肯定是围绕着电影。根据对话相关性，只有D表达了对这部电影的看法，其它选项都偏题了。另外，从女士用的句型I
don’t know why / I just don’t like可以看出，女士不喜欢看这部电影，后悔被男士说服去看了。
单词：comedy喜剧
短语：talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人干某事；horror movie恐怖电影；light movie轻松的电影；regret
doing 后悔干某事；go to the movie去看电影
句型：What did you think of sth. ? 你对某物（事）的看法如何？
9. W: Who do you think should get the job? How about Mr. Beckett?
M: Mr. Beckett? I am not sure. He is a nice fellow, of course, and
easy to get along with. But I doubt his professional expertise.
I want someone who can get the job done.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about Mr. Beckett?
A) He is the right man to get the job done.
B) He is a man with professional expertise.
C) He is not easy to get along with.
D) He is not likely to get the job.
解析：和第5题相似，本题对话也是围绕job展开的。男士给了否定的回答（优先选择否定的答案），这可以从Mr. Beckett?（升调，表示怀疑）以及But后面的内容判断出。也就是说Beckett不太可能得到这个工作，选D。
单词：fellow家伙，伙伴
短语：get along with sb.与某人友好相处；professional expertise专业技能，专业知识；get
the job done做完这个工作；right man合适的人
句型：How about sb. ? 某人怎么样（是不是适合干某事）？I doubt sth. 我怀疑某事。
10. M: Do you think home video players will replace movie theatres
and force them out of the entertainment business?
W: They’re certainly faced with the grave challenge from the DVD
industry. That’s why I think we have to revolutionize our concept
of movie showing. As I see it, the movie theatre should not just
be a place to watch a film but a place to meet people.
Q: What does the woman think of the movie theatre?
A) It is being forced out of the entertainment industry.
B) It should change its concept of operation.
C) It should revolutionize its technology.
D) It is a very good place to relax.
解析：女士只是说应该改革电影运作的理念，并没有说改革技术，所以C错。B才是对话中I think we have to … 一句的同义表达。
单词：revolutionize使革命，使彻底变革；operation运作，运营
短语：movie theatre电影院；entertainment business娱乐行业；be faced with面对；grave
challenge严峻挑战
Section B
Passage 1
（11）Few people can stand for（代表，象征）the spirit of early America as
much as Benjamin Franklin. He lived through almost the whole of
the 18th century. He was born six years after the century began
and died ten years before it ended. During this time, he saw the
American colonies（殖民地）grow from tiny settlements（定居点） into a nation
and he also contributed much to the new state. He was deeply interested
in science and natural history. And his experiments with the electricity
and lightning led directly to the invention of the lightning rod.
He was also interested in improving the conditions of his fellowmen.
He was involved in a number of projects in his native Philadelphia,
including the setting up of a library, a university, a philosophical
society and a fire prevention service. He worked hard to enable
the American colonies to gain independence from (从…获得独立) Britain.（12）As
an ambassador（大使）to France, he encouraged the French to help George
Washington. After the war, he attended the American Constitutional
Congress. This was his last contribution, for he died later that
year.（13）He’s still fondly（亲爱地, 深情地）remembered by Americans as one
of the creators（创立者）of the United States.
11. What did the speaker say about Benjamin Franklin?
12. How did Franklin help George Washington?
13. According to the passage, what is Franklin still well remembered
as?
Passage 2
Yuppies are young people who earn a lot of money and live in a style
that is too expensive for most people. （14）If you are invited to
a Yuppie（雅皮士）dinner party, don’t be surprised if you are offered
freshly cooked insects as a first course. While the idea of eating
fried insects fills most of us with horror, insect eating is becoming
highly fashionable. For example, in the media industry, successful
executives（经理） are often seen to eat fried or boiled insects from
time to time while working at their desks.（15）These safe-to-eat
insects can be found and ordered（订购）on the Internet. And young people
are logging on to（登陆到）exotic（奇异的，外来的）food websites and ordering
samples of prepared insects to serve at their dinner parties. Although
the idea of eating insects is probably disgusting（恶心的）to most of
us, few people would claim that pigs, chickens and some kinds of
sea food we often eat are examples of great beauty. One day, insects
could be marketed and sold as a food item in supermarkets.（16）According
to their fans, they are not only high in protein（蛋白质）and low in
fat, but also very tasty.（17）But until our attitudes to food change
fundamentally（根本地）, it seems that insect eaters will remain a select（精选的）few.
14. Why did the speaker say we might be surprised at the Yuppie
dinner party?
15. Where can people order the unusual food mentioned by the speaker?
16. Why are some Yuppies attracted by the unusual food?
17. What does the speaker say about the future of this type of unusual
food?
Passage 3
Many people dislike walking to the bank, standing in long lines
and running out of checks.（18）They are dissatisfied with their bank’s
limited hours(办公时间), too. They want to do some banking at night
and on weekends. For such people, their problems may soon be over.
Before long, they may be able to do their banking from the comfort
of their own home any hour of the day, any day of the week. Many
banks are preparing online branches（分行）or Internet offices, which
means that people will be able to take care of（处理）much of their
banking business through their home computers. This process is called
interactive banking. At these online branches, customers will be
able to view all their accounts（帐户）, move money between their accounts,
apply for a loan（贷款）and get current information on products such
as credit cards(信用卡). Customers will also be able to pay their bills（付帐单）electronically
and even email questions to the bank. Banks are creating online
services for several reasons.（20）One reason is that banks must compete
for（为…而竞争）customers, who will switch to another bank if they are
dissatisfied with the service they receive. （19）The convenience
of online banking appeals to（吸引）the kind of customer banks most
want to keep, that is, people who are young, well-educated and have
good incomes. Banks also want to take advantage of modern technology
since they have moved into the 21st century.
18. What is one of the reasons for people’s dissatisfaction with
traditional banks?
19. What kind of customer does online banking most appeal to?
20. Why do banks create online services according to the passage?
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage One
(21) It was the worst tragedy in maritime (航海) history, six times
more deadly than the Titanic.（第一句是一判断句，此类句子通常为作者的观点句。It实际上是指the
sinking of Wilhelm Gustloff, six times more deadly than the Titanic是作者作此判断的直接原因或理由，考生不妨在这里将比较级划出，因比较处常为考点。这一句只是概括性的，后文还应该对此进行详细阐述，点明it。）When
the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes (鱼雷)
fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of Word War II,
more than 10,000 people — mostly women, children and old people
fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany —were packed aboard.（该句大意为：这艘被鱼雷击中的船当时船上有超过一万人。句子主干是more
than 10,000 people were packed aboard；when引导时间状语从句，其中的fired from…为过去分词后置定语，修饰torpedoes；破折号之间的内容对10,000
people作进一步解释说明, fleeing … Nazi Germany为现在分词短语，修饰women, children
and old people。）(22) An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen
sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the
ship tilted and began to go down.（一场冰暴使那艘船的甲板结了一层冰，当船身倾斜、开始下沉时，挤在甲板上的数百个家庭滑入大海。that
sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea是定语从句，修饰frozen sheets；as直接点出船下沉的时间。）Others
desperately tried to put lifeboats down.（注意这里others是指那些没有滑入大海的人）Some
who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength
to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately.（句子主干是Some
fought off those。文章至此都是叙述细节，说明当时海难的情况。）“I’ll never forget the screams,”
says Christa Nutzmann ,87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls
watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave —
and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half
a century.（最后通过一个幸存者的回忆，指明这个事件超过半个世纪不被人所提及。注意：这里点出了文章的主题，前面都是铺垫。预测后文可能会探讨其原因，或分析人们对这场灾难的态度。从写作手法上看，brightly
lit和dark grave形成强烈对比，凸现这场海难的悲剧性。）
21.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was
the worst tragedy in maritime history?
[定位与替换]本题是问为什么作者说Wilhelm Gustloff的沉没是航海史上最严重的悲剧？根据题干关键词the worst
tragedy，可直接定位到原文第一句。这里作者把Gustloff和Titanic在死亡人数上作了比较，deadly一词表明Gustloff的死亡人数是Titanic的六倍，作者是从死亡人数多这个角度来说明Gustloff的沉没是航海史上最严重的悲剧的。所以应该选D)
It caused the largest number of casualties.它造成了最大的人员伤亡。six times
more = the largest number, deadly = casualties。注意原文中的比较级在答案中要么还是比较级，要么转变成最高级。
[干扰项分析]A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.它被俄国鱼雷攻击，B) Most
of its passengers were frozen to death.大部分乘客都被冻死，A和B也是文章中提到的细节，但与本题无关,
偏离考点。C) Its victims were mostly women and children.遇难者大部分是妇女和儿童，尽管文章提到遇难者大部分是妇女、儿童和老年人，但仅凭遇难者主要是妇女和儿童并不能得出这是最严重的海难和悲剧。因为其它海难的主要遇难者也可能大部分是妇女、儿童，其比例还可能更高；另外，原文中说的是“大部分是妇女、儿童和老年人”，选项C中未提到老年人，也不全面。有同学说，从网上查到资料历史上最惨的海难事件是GOYA而不是Wilhelm
Gustloff。在此提请注意：命题者不是在考查考生的背景知识，而是考查考生对文章本身的理解。答题时一定要从原文出发，一定要基于文中作者的观点及列举的事实。
22. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when .
[定位与替换]本题是问数百个家庭是什么时候掉入海里的？题干与sent hundreds of families sliding
into the sea对应。句中的as对应题干中的when。由此我们得知，数百个家庭滑入大海的直接原因是船倾斜了，所以本题应选C)
the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side 这艘损害巨大的船向一侧倾斜。至于the
badly damaged ship的出处，文中第二行说的很清楚：hit by torpedoes(被鱼雷击中)。leaned
toward one side = tilted。
[干扰项分析] A) a strong ice storm tilted the ship 一场强烈冰暴使那艘船倾斜，强烈干扰项，文章并未提到是冰暴使船倾斜(只提到使甲板上结了一层冰)；B)
the cruise ship sank all of a sudden 这艘巡洋舰突然间沉没，错在all of a sudden，也是曲解原文，若去掉all
of a sudden就可以；D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for
lifeboats受惊的乘客绝望地争夺救生艇，注意抢夺救生艇是在数百个家庭掉入海里之后发生的，对于本题而言，选项D显然是答非所问。解题的关键是把握并正确理解文章纷繁的细节。
(24) Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has
revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000
children — with his latest novel Ctab Walk, published last month.（注意本句revived
the memory of the 9,000 dead很好地承接了上文，Gunter Grass利用自己的小说又唤醒了人们的记忆。）The
book, which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on the
sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the
catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it,
not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” （介绍了本书并不详细阐述沉船本身，书里的女主人公是一名在海难里生还的孕妇，她只能在生还后感叹：在西德没有人要听这个，更不用说在东德。）
(23) The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview
with the weekly Die Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible
for were and are so dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to
tell to our own sufferings.” (The reason指的是德国人为什么不愿意提及Gustloff悲剧的原因。As
Grass put it in a recent interview… 这里it是指the reason …因为我们德国人需要为之负责的罪行在过去和现在都是如此的显著，没有多余的精力来谈论我们自己的痛苦。这里是因果关系考点，并和文章主题相关，考生应做标记。)
23.The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more
than half a century because Germans
[定位与替换]本题是问Wilhelm Gustloff悲剧为什么在超过半个世纪的时间里很少被人提及？定位到第二段的原因考点。德国人所犯的罪行太dominant了，他们被负罪感压得抬不起头来，所以应该选B)
felt guilty for their crimes in World War II 对在二战中所犯的罪行感到有负罪感。文章没有提到谁给德国人压力。
[干扰项分析] A) were eager to win international acceptance 急于获得国际承认，D)
were afraid of offending their neighbors 害怕冒犯邻国，尽管A、D相关内容在第三段第二句中被提到过，但并不是很少被人提及的原因。获得国际承认、与邻国和平相处是德国毫无保留地坦承自己在二战犯下罪行而得到的结果，因而这两个选项颠倒了因果关系；C)
had been pressured to keep silent about it受到压力被迫保持沉默，文章没有提到谁给德国压力，为无中生有。
24.How does Günter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff
tragedy?
[定位与替换] 本题是问Günter Grass如何唤醒了人们对Wilhelm Gustloff悲剧的记忆？根据关键词可定位到第二段。Grass是通过他的小说来唤醒人们尘封的记忆的，女主人公是一位这场灾难中幸存下来的怀孕的年轻妇女。显然，小说是围绕着这位妇女的经历展开的，所以应选D)
By depicting the survival of a young pregnant Woman通过描述一个年轻的怀孕的妇女的幸存。
第23、24题虽然是细节题，但都直接和本文主题相关，所以准确判断文章主题非常重要。
[干扰项分析] A) By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack
通过表现鱼雷攻击的可怕场面，文中无细节支持；B) By describing the ship’s sinking in great
detail 通过非常详细地描写这艘船的沉没，文中提到小说并没有详细描写沉船；C) By giving an interview
to the weekly Die Woche通过接受Die Woche周刊的采访，尽管文章中有这个细节，却偏离了考点。
The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was
probably unavoidable — and necessary. （注意文中破折号的使用，表示强调！）By unreservedly
owning up to their country’s monstrous crimes in the Second World
War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize(使…不得势)the
neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today’s unified
Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long,
troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting
about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable
price to pay.（For that中的that指的是德国今天的繁荣和稳定。本句的内涵是，德国今天的繁荣在一定程度上就是因为德国人对当年自己如此惨重的沉船事故保持沉默。）But
even the most politically correct Germans believe that they’ve now
earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate
German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge
a terrible tragedy.（对Wilhelm Gustloff的沉没的长期沉默也许是不可避免的，而且是必须的。正是因为毫无保留地坦承自己在二战犯下的残暴罪行，德国才成功地赢得了外界的接受、抑制了国内新纳粹的抬头并且与邻国和平共处。当今统一的德国之富裕和稳定，超过她漫长和不平静的历史上的任何一个时期。为了这一点，德国半个世纪的有意识地忘却那惨痛的记忆也许是一个值得付出的代价。但是，即使是政治上最开明的德国人现在也认为，他们已经有这个权利来讨论这个历史事件。（目的）不是为了把德国人的痛苦与那些二战受害者的痛苦相提并论，而仅仅是去承认一个可怕灾难的客观存在。本段中，作者探讨了德国人过去保持沉默的原因，以及德国人认为他们现在有权利讨论这件事情了。注意最后一句not
to … but simply to 表示强调，为语意重点。）
25.It can learned from the passage that Germans no longer think
that .
[定位与替换]本题要求根据文章来推断，德国人不再认为什么？因最后一段主要探讨了德国人的观点，故本题定位到最后一段。综合整段意思可以得出，现在德国人不再认为他们讨论这场灾难会被人们误解，他们相信外界将不会认为自己是在为昔日的罪行作辩护，而只是在对一段历史往事进行探讨。所以应该选
A) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff
tragedy 如果他们讨论Wilhelm Gustloff悲剧会被误解。解题需要整合最后一段的内容，从中提炼出德国人现在的观点。
[干扰项分析]B) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to
pay for the nation’s past misdeeds， Wilhelm Gustloff灾难是一个为这个国家过去的罪行值得付出的代价。根据最后一段，德国人认为半个世纪对这场灾难的忘却是一个值得付出的代价，并不是认为这场灾难本身是一个值得付出的代价。注意：命题者在这里设置了一个“偷换概念”的陷阱；C)
Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World
War II 德国对它在二战期间所犯的恐怖罪行负有责任, 与最后一段内容不符；D) it is wrong to equate
their sufferings with those of other countries 把他们的苦难与其它国家的苦难等同是错误的，与末句不符。
【重点单词】
tragedy n. 悲剧，惨案，灾难
pack v. ①捆扎，(把…)打包②(使)挤在一起，塞满 n. 包，小盒，包裹
tilt v. ①(使)倾斜，(使)倾侧，(使)翘起②(用语言或文字)攻击，抨击 n. 倾斜，倾侧
desperately adv. 拼命地，绝望地
aboard prep./adv. 在(船、飞机、车)上，上(船、飞机、车)
slip vi. ①滑动，滑倒，滑落②溜走③下降，跌落 vt. ①使滑动②摆脱，闪开③放过，放走④塞，放
n. ①滑，滑倒②过失，差错③片条，纸片
revive v. (使)复苏，(使)恢复
dwell vi. ①[书面语]居住②沉湎于，老是想着，详细谈论(on)
[真题]Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything
will be all right.
A) hesitate B) linger C) retain D) dwell [CET-6:2001,6]
[译文]请不要太过于沉湎在痛苦的回忆中，一切都会好起来的。
catastrophe n. 大灾难，大祸
dominant a. 统治的，占优势的，突出的，显著的
unreservedly adv. 毫无保留地，不客气地
monstrous a. 巨大的，怪异的
prosperous a. 繁荣的
willful a. 任性的，固执的，故意的
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
revive the memory 使记忆复苏
fire torpedoes 发射鱼雷
make peace (with) 与…讲和，休战，言归于好
动词与介词搭配：
slide into 滑入
dwell on 沉湎于
fight off 击败，排斥，竭力摆脱
形容词与名词搭配：
monstrous crimes 滔天罪行
dominant crimes 突出的、显著的罪行
troubled history 苦难历史
historical record 历史记录
unified Germany 统一的德国
名词与介词搭配：
interview with (sb.) 与(某人)的会见
副词与动词搭配：
desperately try (to do sth.) 拼命地试图(做某事)
Passage Two
Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools,
it is not surprising that such students often have little good to
say about their school experiences.（考虑到天才学生与学校之间不和谐的关系，这些学生对他们的学校经历没有什么好话说就不奇怪了。第一句揭示主题，探讨了天才学生的成长与学校教育的关系。这里the
lack of fit讲得比较抽象，下文会详细阐述。it is not surprising that…为作者观点句，是作者的argument。语篇关键词：gifted
students / school）In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction
in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these
individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school.
Few MacArthunr Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for
creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their precollegiate
schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal(名人轶事的)
reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain,
Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school.
So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite
British school. (27) About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers
remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize
that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often
feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.（作者接着举出研究人员的调查来证明自己的观点。先提出观点，再用例子证明，这是常见的写作手法。）
27.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith’s teachers
_________.
[定位与替换]本题是问作者引用Goldsmith的老师的评论的目的是什么？根据关键词Oliver Goldsmith’s teachers定位到第一段，作者引用了一些名人轶事证明很多有成就的人都对他们的学校经历评价不高，也就是证明作者自己的观点，故选A)
to provide support for his argument对其观点提供支持。解题的关键在于认清例证在段落中的作用是为了证明作者的观点，平时要加强语篇分析。
[干扰项分析] B) to illustrate the strong will of some gifted children阐明一些天才儿童的坚强的意志，第一段无内容支持strong
will，第二段中有strong-willed一词，属于词汇干扰；C) to explain how dull students
can also be successful解释愚笨的学生如何也能获得成功, Goldsmith的老师说过从来没见过这么dull的孩子，但这并非作者的观点；D)
to show how poor Oliver’s performance was at school 显示Oliver在学校的表现有多么糟糕，此选项和C的错误类型相同。
(28) Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school
because their gifts were not scholastic. （作者在第一句就提出了论点，these gifted
people指第一段举的许多名人，承接上文。） Maybe we can account for Picasso in this
way. (30)But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked
ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently
lost interest.（注意：not because … but because 结构中，作者语意重点在but because之后。）Yeats
described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because
I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting
than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach.” As noted earlier,
gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists.
Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeats’s level of arrogance and
self-absorption) are likely to lead to conflicts with teachers.（本段主要阐述天才学生和学校格格不入的原因，并举例说明。）
26.The main point the author is making about schools is that________.
[定位与替换]本题是问作者关于学校所持的主要观点是什么？一般此类问题的答案都会含有本文的关键词，即主要讨论对象。根据前面的语篇分析，考虑选择B和D，因为其中都有关键词talented
/ gifted students。 B项的talented students是文中gifted students的替换词，应优先选择。作者在文中表达的观点是，天才学生经常觉得他们比老师知道的多，学校里的功课没有挑战性，他们都不循规蹈矩，很容易和老师发生冲突。换而言之，作者认为学校经常不能满足天才学生的需要。所以，最终选B)
they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented students学校经常不能满足天才学生的需要。本题要求考生跨段落整合内容，把握文章的中心思想。
[干扰项分析] A) they should satisfy the needs of students from different
family backgrounds它们应该满足来自不同家庭背景的学生的需求，文章只是在第三段提到很多天才学生从家庭教育中获益很多,
本选项曲解了文章信息；C) they should organize their classes according to the
students’ ability它们应该根据学生的能力来组织教学，和D) they should enroll as many
gifted students as possible它们应该尽可能多地招收天才学生，文中均无信息支持。
28.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who_________.
[定位与替换]本题是问毕加索属于哪一类天才儿童？根据关键词Picasso，可以定位到原文第一段中的Picasso … disliked
school.和第二段第二句Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. 也许我们可以这样来解释毕加索。in
this way指代第一句中because后的内容，指出毕加索属于第一句中所说在学校里表现不好、天赋不是学术方面的那一类天才。正确选项要从scholastic
(of or relating to schools; academic) 这个词着手，必须有学校、学术一类的词汇，与之相关的选项只有C)
could not cope with there studies at school successfully 不能成功地应付学校的学习。解题的关键在于正确识别指代，平时应注意培养对相关词汇的敏感性。
[干扰项分析] A) paid no attention to their teachers in class在课堂上不注意他们的老师，文中无信息支持；B)
contradicted their teachers much too often太经常地反驳他们的老师，文中也无信息支持；D)
behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers在老师面前表现自大和顽固，是用文中词汇stubbornness和
arrogant来进行干扰。
30.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of
their school years is that ________.
[替换与定位]本题是问许多天才学生对学校没有什么好的记忆的根本原因是什么？结合语篇分析和前面几道题，可以知道矛盾的焦点不在于老师，而在于学校。学校不能满足天才学生的需求，不能给他们以灵感，不能激励他们，所以选C)
school courses failed to inspire or motivate them学校未能给他们灵感或者激励他们。
另外，第二段也提到but because they found school unchallenging and consequently
lost interest. 学生在学校表现不好的原因是他们觉得学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣（也就是说对学校没有什么好印象），unchallenging
= fail to inspire or motivate。
[干扰项分析] A) their nonconformity brought them a lot of trouble他们不墨守成规给他们带来不少麻烦；B)
they were seldom praised by their teachers他们很少被老师赞扬；D) teachers
were usually far stricter than their parents老师通常比他们的父母严格得多；三个干扰项都偏离了文章主题，并且都太具体了。解答这类与文章主题相关的题目时，要注意寻找具有概括性的、包含主题的选项。
(29)When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was
important to the development of their abilities, they are far more
likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers.
（far more likely既是强调，又是比较级，为重要考点。这一句为本段主题句，阐述天才学生自己认为的成功的原因，其后举例说明，是潜在的因果关系考点。）A
writing prodigy(神童) studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith
was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than
his English teacher. High-IQ children in Australia studied by Miraca
Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than
their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin
Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in
school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped
grades.
29.Many gifted people attributed their success _________.
[定位与替换]本题是问许多天才把他们的成功归因于什么？实际上考查了第三段的主题句。该句的意思是：在谈到什么因素对他们能力的发展比较重要的时候，他们最多提及的是他们的家庭，而不是学校和老师。因此，正确选项必须包含家庭这个重要概念。经观察比较，只有A)
mainly to parental help and their education at home （主要来自家庭的父母的帮助和教育）中的at
home是family这个概念的同义表达，而且选项中mainly也符合原文中far more likely的语气。
[干扰项分析] B) both to school instruction and to their parents’ coaching
既归因于学校教学又归因于父母的教导，与第一句信息不符；C) more to their parents’ encouragement
than to school training 更多地归因于父母的鼓励，而不是学校的训练，文中无内容支持encouragement；D)
less to their systematic education than to their talent 比较少地归因于系统的教育，更多地归因于他们的天赋，文中无信息支持。
【重点单词】
fit n. ①适合，适当，合身②发作，痉挛 a. ①合适的，适当的②健康的，健壮的
vt. ①使适合，使适应，合…的身②安装，安放 vi. ①适合，合身②符合，适应(in with)
gifted a. 有天才的
distinction n. ①区别，差别，特性②声望，显赫③荣誉，勋章
[真题]We should make a clear _______ between the two scientific terms
for the purpose of our discussion.
A) separation B) discrimination C) deviation D) distinction [CET-6:1999,6]
[译文]为便于讨论，我们应明确区分这两个科学术语。
arrogant a. 傲慢的，自大的
scholastic a. ①学校的，学校教育的②道学的，学究的 n. 经院学者
fare n. ①(车、船、飞机等)费用②乘客，旅客③饮食物 vi. ①饮食②过日子，生活③[主语it]进展
[真题]Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the ______
charged on public transport were more reasonable.
A) fees B) fares C) payments D) costs [CET-4:2003,1]
[译文]只要公共交通收费更合理，城市拥挤问题便可大大缓解。
stubborn a. ①顽固的，顽强的，倔强的②难对付的，难克服的
domain n. ①(活动、学问等的)领域，范围②领地，势力范围
skip v. ①跳，蹦②跳过，略过，漏过③跳绳④跳槽，改行 n. 跳跃，轻跳
【必背搭配】
形容词与名词搭配：
positive feelings 认同感
动词与介词搭配：
account for 解释，说明
attend to 专心于，注意，照顾，办理
动词与名词搭配：
achieve distinction 拥有声望，声名显赫
skip grades 跳级
Passage Three
① When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives,
we usually think about the Federal agents. (31) But the private
sector outdoes the government every time. It’s Linda Tripp, not
the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret
telephone taping. It’s our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service
(IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.（we
usually think about引出大众观点，But语意转折，引出作者观点，显然与大众观点不一样，这是一个重要的对比考点。the
Federal agents与the government为相关词汇。两个It’s引导的句子举例说明作者观点。banks是对private
sector的具体阐述。）
31.Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people’s
privacy .
[替换与定位]本题问与一般人想法不同作者观点。根据题干关键词spying on people’s privacy定位到原文第一段第一句，popular
belief = we usually think。第一、二句的大意为：当我们担心谁会刺探人们的隐私时，通常会认为是联邦密探。但每一次都是私营部门胜过了政府。接着，作者举例说某个公司正在面对电话窃听的控告，银行把顾客的私人的金融信息透露给电话营销公司。我们可以推断，刺探私人隐私的不是政府，而是主要集中在商业领域，所以选D)
is more prevalent in business circles在商业界更加流行。Business circle 是对原文中banks
/ telemarketing firms等的概括性替换。
[干扰项分析] A) is mainly carried out by means of secret taping主要通过秘密窃听的手段来实现，mainly太绝对，对原文或者选项中出现的修饰性副词或形容词要高度关注，必须看原文中是否体现；B)
has been intensified with the help of the IRS在IRS的帮助下得到了加强，以及C)
is practiced exclusively by the FBI只由FBI实行，这两个选项都与作者观点相反，FBI / IRS属于政府部门。
② Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws
without much result so far. (32) The legislators lean toward letting
business people track our financial habits virtually at will.（our
= consumers’ , 注意，凡是文章出现和人、组织等相关的概念，都应作标记。）
32.We know from the passage that .
[替换与定位]本题问我们从文中可以知道什么？必须对每个选项进行仔细推敲，否则难以进行准确定位。选项A和D都与立法议员有关，但D中law-maker是第二段第二句出现的legislators的替换词，它更有可能是答案（和26题类似）。第二段的大意为：消费者的积极分子正在推动国会通过更好的隐私保护法，但到目前为止没什么结果。立法议员们倾向于让商人几乎是随意地追踪我们（消费者）的消费习惯。因此，最后选定与此意思相一致的D)
law-makers are inclined to give a free hand to businesses to inquire
into customer’s buying habits立法议员们倾向让企业自由调查消费者的购买习惯。其中are inclined
to = lean toward，inquire into customer’s buying habits = track our
financial habits, give a free hand = virtually at will。
[干扰项分析] A) legislators are acting to pass a law to provide better
privacy protection立法议员正在采取行动通过一项提供更好的隐私保护的法律，与文中内容相反；B) most states
are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses大部分州对私营企业欺骗性的做法熟视无睹，过于夸张、绝对；C)
the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to private
information明尼苏达州正在考虑制定法律保护私人信息，文中没有提到。
③ As an example of what’s going on,（举例标志句型）consider U.S. Bancorp,
which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of
Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer
called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names, phone
numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers,
account balances and credit limits.
④ With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing
for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software
and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free
trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. (33) If the deadline passed,
they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card
accounts. ( the deadline是指free trial的最后期限。they = customers ) U.S.
Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.
33. When the “free trial” deadline is over, you’ll be charged without
notice for a product or service if .
[替换与定位]本题是问：免费试用期结束之后，发生什么样的情况你将会在没有通知时因某项产品或服务被收费？根据关键词free trial定位到第四段第二、三句，大意为：接受免费试用服务的顾客有30天的时间可以取消它。如果最后期限过了，就会通过银行或信用卡帐户自动对顾客收费。也就是说，顾客如果在指定期限内不取消服务，就会被自动扣费。显然应该选
A) you fail to cancel it within the specified period你没有在指定期限内取消服务。题干中without
notice = automatically; the specified period = 30 days。
[干扰项分析] B) you happen to reveal your credit card number你偶然暴露了你的信用卡号码；C)
you find the product or service unsatisfactory你觉得产品或服务不能令人满意；D)
you fail to apply for extension of the deadline你没有能够申请延长最后期限；这三个选项都是拼凑了原文中的词汇来进行干扰，与文中信息不符。
⑤ Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims.（诉讼内容）They
didn’t know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks.
And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no.
⑥ The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling.（诉讼内容）The
company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp
settled without admitting any mistakes.（两家公司都不承认做错了什么。由于没有法律保护消费者，他们才会肆无忌惮。）But
it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products
sold by outside firms. ( it = U.S. Bancorp ) A few top banks decided
to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks
and similar firms.
⑦ And banks will still be mining data from your account in order
to sell you financial products, including things of little value,
such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.（第三到第七段为举例详细说明顾客是如何被侵犯隐私的，如此多的细节内容一般会涉及多个考题。）
⑧ (34) You have almost no protection from businesses that use your
personal accounts for profit. ( protection 是指法律上的保护，you指消费者) For
example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience” information-mainly
the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security
numbers are for sale by private firms. They’ve generally agreed
not to sell to the public. (They = private firms) But to businesses,
the numbers are an open book. ( the numbers = Social Security numbers社会保险号码)
Self-regulation doesn’t work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection
policy, but who enforces it?
34. Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank
accounts as private because .
[替换与定位]本题是问企业不把个人银行帐户的信息看作是私人信息的原因是什么？根据关键词Businesses / personal
bank accounts定位到文章倒数第二段，其大意为：企业利用你的个人帐户获利，你却几乎无法得到保护。比如说，没有哪一部联邦法律保护
(shields)“交易往来”信息——主要是你的银行和信用卡帐户的细节。私人公司还出售社会保险号码，它们一般会同意不向公众出售。但对于企业来说，这些号码是公开的信息。（也就是说可以向企业销售）行业自律是不起作用的，一家公司也许会发布隐私保护政策，但是谁去实施它呢？另外，再根据第六段内容The
company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp
settled without admitting any mistakes. 综合判断，应该选B) it is considered
“transaction and experience ” information unprotected by law这些信息被（企业）认为是不被法律保护的“交易往来”信息。
[干扰项分析] A) its revelation do no harm to consumers under the current
protection policy，信息泄露在现今保护政策下对消费者无害，与原文相反，因为消费者已经受到伤害；C) it has
always been considered an open secret by the general public这些信息始终被一般公众认为是公开的秘密，文中无信息支持，从常识上来说，公众也不可能认为自己的个人帐户信息是公开的秘密；D)
its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation这些信息的出售通过自律能够得到控制，与原文信息Self-regulation
doesn’t work不符。
⑨ Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that
“all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.”
Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that
doesn’t “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares”it and reaps
a profit. Now you know.（结尾段再次举U.S. Bancorp的例子，提醒消费者。）
35. We can infer from the passage that .
[替换与定位]本题要求对文章进行推断，考查对全文进行综合概括的能力。文章谈到现行法律对消费者没什么保护，当然消费者的利益会被继续侵犯，所以选
C) consumers’ privacy will continue to be invaded消费者的隐私将继续被侵犯。本题与34题相关。
[干扰项分析] A) banks will have to change their ways of doing business银行将不得不改变做生意的方式，原文指出现行法律并不保护消费者的某些交易信息，立法议员也对企业放任自流，所以银行并不会如A所言；B)
privacy protection laws will soon be enforced隐私保护法将很快被执行，与文章最后一句矛盾；D)
“free trial” practice will eventually be banned“免费试用”最终将会被禁止，文中无信息支持。
【重点单词】
agent n. ①代理人，代理商，经纪人②政府特工人员，政府代表③动因，能因④剂
outdo vt. 胜过，超越
charge n. ①价钱，费用②主管，掌管③指控④电荷，充电
vt. ①索(价)，收(费)②控告，指控③使充电，使装满 vi. ①索价，收费②进攻，冲锋
[真题]This hotel ______ $60 for a single room with bath.
A) claims B) demands C) prices D) charges [CET-4:1995,6]
[译文]带卫生间的单人房，这家旅馆收费60美元。
legislator n. 立法者
track n. ①路径，小道②跑道，径赛③轨道④轨迹，车辙，踪迹 vt. 追踪，跟踪
deceptive a. 欺骗性的
lawsuit n. 诉讼
credit n. ①信任，信用②信贷，赊欠③信誉，荣誉，声望④学分
vt. ①相信，信任②把…归于(to)③把…记入贷方
[真题]His lectures on Roman history would do credit ______ a real
expert.
A) in B) to C) of D) with [CET-6:1993,1]
[译文]他关于罗马史的讲座将使他成为一位真正的专家。
deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
account n. ①记述,描述,报告②账,账户③解释,说明 vi. (for)①说明…的原因②(在数量、比例上)占…
[真题] _________ should any money be given to a small child.
A) On no account B) From all accounts C) Of no account D) By all
accounts [CET-6:1991,6]
[译文]绝对不能把钱给一个小孩。
revenue n. ①(尤指大宗的)收入，收益②(政府的)税收，岁入
[真题]The Town Planning Commission said that their financial out-look
for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ________.
A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity [CET-6:1999,1]
[译文]城市计划委员会说他们对下一年度的财政前景甚为乐观，他们期望税收岁入增加。
insurance n. 保险，保险费
[真题]After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticated alarm
system as an insurance ______ further losses.
A) for B) from C) against D) towards [CET-4:1996,6]
[译文]遭劫之后，这家商店安装了精密复杂的报警系统以防再有损失。
transaction n. 交易，业务
[真题]My boss has always attended to the _______ of important business
himself.
A) transaction B) stimulation C) transition D) solution [CET-6:1995,6]
[译文]我的老板总是亲自处理重要业务。
enforce vt. ①实施，执行②强迫，迫使
shield n. 防护物, 护罩, 盾；vt. (from) 保护, 防护
confidential a. ①秘密的，机密的②表示信任(或亲密)的，担任机密工作的
[真题]For a particular reason, he wanted the information to be treated
as _________.
A) assured B) reserved C) intimate D) confidential [CET-6:2001,6]
[译文]出于某一特殊原因，他希望将此消息保密。
reap vt. ①收割，收获②获得，得到
【必背搭配】
动词与介词搭配：
spy on 暗中监视，窥探
be sued for / sue sb. for (被)指控
press (sb.) for 为…向(某人)施加压力
lean toward 倾向于
动词与名词搭配：
reap a profit 获得利润
mine data 采集资料(数据)
名词与介词搭配：
law against 针对…的法律
protection from 来自于…的保护
形容词与名词搭配
private sectors 私营部门
deceptive practices 欺骗性的做法
介词与名词搭配：
at will 随心所欲地
in hand 在手
for sale 待售
Passage Four
It’s hardily news that the immigration system is a mess.（揭示主题）Foreign
nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers,
and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay
their legal welcome without being punished.（36）But since Sept. 11,
it’s become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the
weaknesses of our system into their plans.（38）In addition to their
mastery of forging passports , at least three of the 19 Sept. 11
hijackers (劫机者) were here on expired visas. That’s been a safe bet
until now. ( That = be here on expired visas ) The Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS) (移民归化局) lacks the resources, and apparently
the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners
who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.（第一段讲了整个美国的移民体系一团糟,
外国人(包括恐怖分子)持假证件非法入境, 签证过期非法居留等。作者批评了INS工作不力。）
36. Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of .
[替换与定位]本题问恐怖分子明显地利用了什么？第一段第三句开始部分告诉我们，很明显911恐怖分子得逞是因为他们利用了美国移民体系的弱点(weaknesses)，如：forging
passports（伪造护照）, 过期签证等。迄今这一直是一场安全的赌博。美国移民归化局缺乏相关资源，并且也不愿意去追踪大约200万故意超过居留期的外国人（其中就有恐怖分子）。但是，这种对移民欺诈行为的懈怠、马虎态度可能会改变（第二段第一句）。从以上可以看出，恐怖分子得逞首先应归咎于美国的整个移民体系，INS这个机构办事不力，缺乏效率。所以应该选D)
the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service移民归化局的低效率。
[干扰项分析] A) the legal privileges granted to foreigners给予外国人的法律特权，以及B)
the excessive hospitality of the American people美国人民的过分好客，这两项文中都无信息支持。C)
the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpoints边境检查站官员的不负责任，文章最后虽然讲了美国要加强边境安全以防恐怖分子袭击，但并未提到恐怖分子是利用边境检查站官员的不负责任而混入美国的，所以C错。
38. It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept. 11, aliens
with expired visas .
[定位与替换] 本题问从文章可推断在911之前持有过期签证的外国人会怎么样？根据关键词Sept. 11 / expired visas，定位到第一段。第一段第二句visitors
who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome
without being punished. 那些合法来到美国的游客经常超出了他们的合法居留期而不被惩罚，同时注意at least
three of the 19 Sept . 11 hijackers were here on expired visas中用的是过去时态were,
说明在911之前这几个劫机者持的是过期签证。最后一句也提到差不多有200万外国人这样做，这些签证到期的外国人可以随意在美国停留，因为没有人来找他们麻烦。因此选C)
might stay on for as long as they wished 可以想呆多久就呆多久。
[干扰项分析] A) might have them extended without trouble可以轻而易举地延长签证，其中them是指visas；B)
would be closely watched by FBI agents将会被FBI的特工密切监视；D) would live
in constant fear of deportation将会一直生活在可能会被驱逐的恐惧中；这三个干扰项文中都无信息支持。
But this laxness(马虎)toward immigration fraud may be about to change.（主题句后面详细阐述如何change。）Congress
has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot Act, passed
in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, requires the FBI, the Justice
Department, the State Department and the INS to share more data,
which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the
border.（第二句主干The U.S.A Patriot Act requires the FBI … to share more
data. 第二段大意是讲国会已经通过立法，要求有关部门合作将恐怖分子拒之门外。）
37. We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made
by various U.S. government agencies to .
[替换与定位]本题问美国的不同政府机构将会作出什么样的协调努力？本文定位不大容易，要求能识别the FBI, the Justice
Department , the State Department and the INS = various U.S. government
agencies，具有一定的概括能力。第二段的意思是：这种对移民欺诈行为的懈怠状态可能会有所改变，国会已经采取了一些适当措施，紧随着911惨剧之后通过的《美国爱国者法案》要求联邦调查局、司法部、国务院和移民归化局共享更多的资料，这将使在边境就阻止列入名单的恐怖分子变得更加容易。所以应该选B)
ward off terrorist suspects at the border，是原文stop watch-listed terrorists
at the border的同义替换。注意：非限制性定语从句后面经常包含重要解题信息。
[干扰项分析] A) refuse the renewing of expired visas拒绝更新过期的签证；C) prevent
the forgery of immigration papers避免伪造移民文件；D) limit the number of
immigrants to the U.S. 限制来美国的移民数量。三个干扰项在文中都无信息支持。
But what’s really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and
more resources aimed at tightening up border security.（本段讨论中心）Reformers
are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement.
They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents
and investigators to keep illegal immigrant out and to track them
down once they’re here. Reformers also want to see the INS set up
a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country
when they are required to.
All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill
that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate
last week.（proposed changes指代上文中critics和reformer所要求的各种措施。）(40) Before
Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful
lobbies: universities, which rely on tuition form foreign students
who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies
on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, they’ve backed
off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional
maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next
year.
40. Before Sept. 11, the U.S. Congress had been unable to pass stricter
immigration laws because ________.
[定位与替换]本题是问911之前美国国会未能通过更严格的移民法律的原因。根据关键词Before Sept. 11定位到原文第四段，legislation
of this kind had been blocked = had been unable to pass stricter
immigration laws。第二句的大意是：在911之前，这类立法被两大院外活动集团所阻止：大学（依靠外国留学生的学费）和企业（依靠外国廉价劳工），新法律将会将外国留学生和廉价劳工拒之门外。所以本题选A)
they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor它们可能将外国学生和廉价劳工拒之门外。
[干扰项分析] B) it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmen很难协调国会议员的行动，无信息支持；C)
education and business circles cared little about national security教育界和商界对国家安全不怎么关心，文中并没有说教育界和商界有这样的观点，曲解原文；D)
resources were not available for their enforcement 没有资源（或财力）来实行，文中无信息支持。
Also on the agenda for next year: a proposal, backed by some influential
law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies — a good cop that
would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers
and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections, deportation
and other functions. One reason for the division,( the division
= split ) supporters say, is that the INS has in recent years become
too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept.
11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions
of ordinary Americans who rely on the nation’s border security to
protect them from terrorist attacks. （第二段讲国会已经通过立法，要求一些部门合作来将恐怖分子拒之门外。本文语篇关键词immigration，border，INS，语篇模式为提出问题，解决问题，第二段到第五段为各种提出来的解决方案。）
39. It is believed by many that all these years the INS _________.
[定位与替换]本题询问许多人这些年来对INS的看法。文章最后一段主要围绕INS进行阐述，大意是：有建议要将INS分成两个机构，一个负责处理公民身份文件，另一个负责边境检查、驱逐出境等。支持将INS分开的人认为（也就是题干里很多人的观点），INS太过于注重为游客和移民服务了。911之后INS应该把更多的注意力放在为千百万普通美国民众服务，他们有赖于国家的边境安全来免遭恐怖分子的袭击。总而言之，要重视国家安全。所以，应该选整合了最后一段最后两句意思的C)
has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the
nation’s security过分强调了服务功能而以国家安全为代价。too focused on = over-emphasized。
[干扰项分析] A) has been serving two contradictory functions一直在履行两个互相矛盾的职责，和文中内容不符；B)
has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants
indiscriminately在向游客和移民发放签证时不加区别、太过宽松，曲解原文，文中只是说过分注重为游客和移民服务而已；D)
has ignored the pleas of the two powerful lobbies忽视了两大院外活动集团的呼吁，与文中内容不符，只是利用two
powerful lobbies 的信息来进行干扰。
【重点单词】
mess n. 混乱状态，脏乱状态，混乱局面，困境 vt. 搞乱，弄糟，弄脏
paper n. ①纸②报纸③[pl.]文件④论文⑤书面作业，试卷 a. 纸质的 vt. 裱糊
shrewdly adv. 机灵地，敏锐地，精明地
factor n. ①因素，要素②因子，因数 vt. ①包括，把…计算在内②对…作因式分解，分解…的因子
forge vt. ①伪造(货币、文件等)，假冒②锻造，锤炼
expire vi. ①期满，(期限)终止②断气，死亡
[真题]Mike just discovered that his passport had _______ three months
ago.
A) abolished B) expired C) amended D) constrained [CET-6:1999,6]
[译文]Mike刚发现他的护照三个月前就已到期了。
visa n. 签证
inclination n. ①倾斜，倾角②倾向，爱好
fraud n. ①欺诈，诈骗②骗子
critic n. 批评家，评论家
hinder vt. 阻碍，妨碍
[真题]His career was not noticeably _______ by the fact that he had
never been to college.
A) prevented B) restrained C) hindered D) refrained [CET-6:1998,1]
[译文]他的事业并未因他从未上过大学而受到明显妨碍。
immigrant n. 移民，侨民
monitor vt. 监听，监视，监测 n. ①监听器，监视器，监测器②(计算机)显示器③(学校的)班长
[真题]While you pedal away on the exercise bicycle, a machine will
be ______ your breathing and pulse.
A) reviewing B) screening C) surveying D) monitoring [CET-6:1990,6]
[译文]当你脚踏健身车前进时，一个机器会监测你的呼吸和脉搏。
block n. ①一排房屋，大楼②街区③大块(木料、冰等)④障碍(物)，堵塞(物) vt. ①堵塞②阻碍，妨碍
lobby n. ①(宾馆、剧院等的)大厅，休息室②院外活动集团 v. 向(议员等)进行游说
tuition n. ①学费②(某一学科的)教学，讲授，指导
agenda n. 议事日程
split vi. 分裂，分离，裂开 vt. ①使分裂②劈开，撕裂③分担，分享 n. 分裂，裂口
process n. ①过程，进程②工序③法律程序 vt. 加工，处理，办理
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
overstay one’s welcome 滞留超过时限，逾期滞留
expired visa 过期签证
keep track of 对…进行跟踪
enforce the law 执行法律
tighten up security 加强安全
动词与副词搭配
track sb. down 追捕到某人
形容词与名词搭配：
tougher laws 更严厉的法律
ordinary Americans 普通美国人
modest steps 适度的措施
介词与名词搭配：
in the wake of 紧跟在…的后面，尾随，仿效
on the agenda 在议事日程上
动词与介词搭配：
be backed by 由…资助
副词与动词搭配：
shrewdly factor 精心、巧妙地利用
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41. It is generally known that New York is a city for and a center
for odd bits of information.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。And表示前后语意一致，odd是线索词，表示“奇怪，怪异”，可推测空格处所填的也会是个贬义词，只有D符合。D)
eccentrics n. 行为古怪的人；A) veterans n. 老手, 富有经验的人, 退伍军人 veteran a.
经验丰富的 a veteran actor 资深演员；B) victims n. 受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品 become the
victim of / fall a victim to成为…的牺牲品；C) pedestrians行人, 步行者。
[译文] 众所周知，纽约是个怪人云集的城市，是奇谈怪论的中心。
42. High grades are supposed to academic ability, but John’s actual
performance did not confirm this.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配certify academic ability。-fy结尾的单词在六级中很重要。空格处所填的动词和academic
ability搭配，根据语意，应该填A) certify 证明, 保证。B) clarify 澄清, 阐明 (反义：obscure
)；C) classify分类, 归类 classify as将…分类为 classified ads分类广告；D) notify通报，正式通知
notify sb. of sth. 通知某人某事。
[译文] 高分被认为是学术能力的保证，但约翰的实际表现不能证明这一点。
43. In spite of the , it seemed that many of the invited guests
would still show up.
[解析] 本题考查学生根据语意线索答题的能力。still是一个重要的语意暗示词，暗示由于某种原因，有的被邀请的客人可能不出席，也就是说对是否出席存在争论，故选C)
controversy 争论，辩论 controversy over sth.对某事的争论。A) deviation 偏离, 背离
deviate from偏离, 背离；B) distinction 区别, 差别, 声望, 显赫 gain / achieve
distinction出名；D) comparison比较, 对照, 比喻 by comparison比较起来 draw a comparison
between把…加以比较。
[译文] 尽管存在争论，但是看来很多被邀请的客人仍然会出席。
44. The relatives of those killed in the crash got together to
seek .
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力和动宾搭配seek compensation。根据语意，只能选B) compensation
n. 补偿, 赔偿 make compensation for one’s losses补偿某人的损失 compensate for补偿。A)
premium n.额外费用, 奖金, 奖赏, 保险费；C) repayment n. 偿还的款项, 报答；D) refund
n./v. 归还, 偿还额, 退款 refund one’s money退某人的钱。
[译文] 这次空难遇难者的亲属聚集在一起寻求赔偿。
45. At first everything went well with the project but recently
we have had a number of with the machinery.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。 But是线索词，表示前后语意相反，前面是everything went well,
那么后面肯定是不顺利，遇到了挫折。故选B) setback n. 挫折, 挫败 suffer setbacks遭到挫折。A) disturbance
n. 骚动, 动乱, 打扰, 干扰；从与machinery搭配的语意看，这个选项也有道理，但从全句的语意看，选项B更为准确；C)
output n. 产量, 输出 average output平均产量；D) distortion n. 扭曲, 变形, 曲解
distorted a. 扭曲的 distort one’s opinion歪曲某人的观点。
[译文] 一开始工程进展顺利，但最近我们在机械方面遇到了许多挫折。
46. He tried to hide his patch by sweeping his hair over to one
side.
[解析] 本题考查形容词辨析。空格处所填的词和patch(片，部分，斑点)搭配，再根据hair这个线索词，可以确定这里应填C)
bald 光秃的，秃顶的，秃头的。A) barren 不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的(土地)；B) bare 赤裸的, 无遮蔽的(arms
/feet)；D) bleak 寒冷的, 阴冷的, 没有指望的, 令人沮丧的 a bleak prospect黯淡的前景。
[译文] 他把头发梳向一边，试图遮住秃顶部分。
47. The old couple now still for their beloved son, 30years after
his death.
[解析] 本题考查动词和介词搭配的短语。death为线索词，空格处的动词必定和death相关，故选最符合语意的D) mourn
(for) 哀悼, 忧伤。A) cherish珍爱, 爱惜, 怀有（感情） cherish fancies about对…抱有幻想
cherish a memory怀念一段记忆； B) groan呻吟, 叹息, 受折磨 groaned under 受…的折磨；
C) immerse沉浸, 使陷入 be immersed in沉浸于，沉溺于。
[译文] 这对老夫妇30年后仍然在为死去的亲爱的儿子哀悼。
48. Coffee is the of this district and brings local farmers a lot
of money.
[解析] 本题考查名词辨析。线索词coffee，答案为B) staple主要产品, 常用品, 主食, 原材料, 主要成分。A)
majority多数, 大半 the overwhelming majority绝大多数；C) spice香料, 调味品, 趣味；D)
elite精华，精锐，精英。
[译文] 咖啡是这个地区的主要产品，给当地农民带来了很大收益。
49. Before we move, we should some of the old furniture, so that
we can have more room in the new house.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配。空格处所填词和furniture搭配，所以选A) discard丢弃, 抛弃 discard old
beliefs 抛弃旧的观念。B) dissipate驱散, (使)(云、疑虑等)消散, 浪费(金钱或时间) dissipate
one’s efforts浪费精力；C) cancel取消, 删去, 作废 cancel one’s order取消订单；D)
conceal隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒 conceal from sb.对（某人）隐瞒 a concealed opponent一个隐藏的对手。
[译文] 搬家前我们应该丢掉一些旧家具，这样我们的新房子就会有较多的空间。
50. You cannot imagine how I feel with my duties sometimes.
[解析]本题考查形容词辨析。答案为C) overwhelmed被淹没的，受打击的，被压倒的，对思想或情绪影响深刻的。A) overflowed溢出的，泛滥的，充满的；B)
overthrown被打倒的，推翻的，颠覆的；D) overturned倾覆的，破灭的。
[译文] 你无法想象有时候我的职责对我的情绪影响有多大。
51 Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month
will be to have withdrawn from the program.
[解析] 本题考查动词辨析。线索词anyone，答案为B。各选项中的动词：B) deem认为, 判断, 以为 be deemed
to被认为 deem highly of sth. 对某事高度评价；A) contemplate凝视, 沉思, 预期；C) acknowledge承认,
答谢, 公认 acknowledge as认为…是 It is universally acknowledged that …
人们普遍认为；D) anticipate预期, 期望, 预见 It is anticipated that … 据预计。
[译文] 任何人在月底前没有交纳注册费都将被视为从该计划中退出。
52. Although he was on a diet, the delicious food him enormously.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。空格处所填动词和food搭配，所以选D) tempt vt. 诱惑, 引诱, 吸引 tempt
sb. into doing sth. 诱惑某人做某事。A) distract vt. 打扰，使…注意力转移，使分心(from)；B)
stimulate vt. 刺激，激励 stimulate the nerve刺激神经；C) inspire vt. 鼓舞, 感动,
激发, 使产生灵感 inspired essay 有灵感而写的文章。
[译文] 尽管他在节食减肥，这道美味仍然深深诱惑着他。
53. The police are trying to what really happened.
[解析]本题考查形近词辨析。几个as 开头的单词构成形近词干扰。所填动词应和what really happened搭配，最适宜的是A)
ascertain发现, 查明,确定。B) assert断言, 声称；C) avert转移，避免，防止 avert the outcome避免后果
avert the accident 避免事故；D) ascribe (to) 归因于, 归咎于。
[译文] 警方正在努力查明真相。
54. He said that ending the agreement would the future of small
or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase
prices of all but a few bestsellers.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配jeopardize the future。空格处所填动词和the future搭配，再根据全句意思，只能选择C)
jeopardize危及, 危害 jeopardize relations危及关系。A) venture冒险，投机 I venture
to say that ...恕我冒昧地说；B) expose使暴露，使曝光，揭露；D) legalize使合法化 legalized
drugs合法药物。
[译文] 他说终止协议将危及小的或家庭经营的商店的将来，导致出版的书更少，除少量畅销书外所有书的价格都将上涨。
55. As we know, computers are used to store and information efficiently.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配retrieve information。空格处所填动词应是常和store一起连用的反义词，选D) retrieve
取回，寻回，找回。A) reclaim要求归还, 收回, 回收；B) reconcile使和解, 调和，调停 be reconciled
with sb. 与某人和解 reconcile one’s differences调和差异；C) reassure使…安心,
再保证。
[译文] 如我们所知，电脑是用来高效率地存储和调取信息的。
56. His illness first itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.
[解析] 本题考查固定搭配 manifest itself / themselves（疾病，症状等）显露，出现，只有选B。A)
express vt. 表达，表示；C) reflect vt. 反映，反射；D) display vt. 陈列, 展览, 显示。
[译文] 他的病的最初症状是严重的胃疼和头疼。
57. The they felt for each other was obvious to everyone who saw
them.
[解析] 本题考查短语feel affection for sb. 喜爱某人，对某人有好感，深爱着某人，选A。B) adherence
(to) 忠诚，坚持；C) sensibility敏感性，意识，觉察 aesthetic sensibility美感；D) sensitivity敏感,灵敏(度),灵敏性
sensitivity shift灵敏度变化。
[译文] 他们彼此怀有的感情在每个看到他们的人眼里都很明显。
58. When construction can begin depends on how soon the of the route
is completed.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。所填名词和of the route相关，所以选D) survey测量，调查，勘测 conduct
a survey 进行一项调查。A) conviction深信, 确信, 定罪 in the full conviction that
… 充分相信；B) identity身份, 一致 the identity of interests利益的一致；C) orientation方向,
方位, 定位, 倾向性。
[译文] 什么时候开始建造取决于道路测量什么时候完成。
59. The government a heavy tax on tobacco, which aroused opposition
from the tobacco industry.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力和动宾搭配impose a heavy tax on。所填动词和tax相关，答案为B。B)
impose vt. 征收(税等)，把…强加于(与on连用) impose a ban on对…实施禁令；A) pronounce
v. 宣告, 断言 pronounce against对…发表反对意见；C) comply vi. 顺从, 答应, 遵守(与with连用)；D)
prescribe v. 规定，开药方，处方 prescription medicine处方药。
[译文] 政府对烟草征收重税，这引起了烟草行业的反对。
60. Years after the accident he was still by images of death and
destruction.
[解析] 本题考查动词辨析。选项C与题意相符：C) haunt v. 时常萦绕，常到，出没 haunted a. 闹鬼的。A)
twist v. 扭曲，盘旋，曲折，歪曲；B) dip v. 浸，蘸，沾；D) submerge v. 浸没，淹没。
[译文] 事故发生多年后，他仍然被死亡和毁灭的阴影所萦绕。
61. The boxer and almost fell when his opponent hit him.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。符合题意的只有A) stagger(ed) 摇晃，蹒跚。B) shatter(ed)
粉碎，损坏；C) scatter(ed) 分散，散开，驱散；D) stamp(ed) 跺(脚)，顿(足)。
[译文] 拳击手被对方击中，摇摇晃晃差点倒下。
62. In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is into
ice.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。所填动词和snow / ice相关，根据题意选D。各选项中的动词：D) compact
压紧，压实；A) disperse (使)分散,(使)散开,传播 disperse the crowd驱散人群 disperse
knowledge传播知识；B) embody 表达，包含，体现；C) compile 编译, 编辑, 汇编。
[译文] 在山区，下的雪都被压实成了冰。
63. These continual in temperature make it impossible to decide
what to wear.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。所填名词和temperature相关，根据本句语意，只能选D) fluctuations
波动, 起伏 economic fluctuation经济波动；A) transitions 转变, 转换, 过渡；B) transformations
变化, 转化(从某物转变成某物) social transformation社会变革；C) exchanges 交换, 调换,
兑换 foreign exchange外币兑换 auto exchange汽车交易。
[译文] 持续的温度波动使人们无法决定穿什么。
64.The post-World War II baby resulted in a 43 percent increase
in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s.
[解析] 本题考查固定搭配用法。baby boom（婴儿潮、出生高峰）为固定搭配，与题意相符，故选B。A) boost 增加，提高，推动
boost the economy推动经济 boost prices提高价格；B) boom 激增，蓬勃发展，隆隆声 booming
economy繁荣的经济；C) production 生产, 产品, 产量 auto production汽车产量 automation
production自动(化)生产；D) prosperity 繁荣 continuous prosperity持续繁荣。
[译文] 二战后的婴儿出生高峰导致六七十年代青少年数量增加了43%。
65. Elisabeth did not enter the museum at once, but in the courtyard.
[解析] 本题考查根据语意线索答题的能力。 由提议选择C。A) reside (in/at) 居住；B) dwell (in/at)
居住，(on) 详细阐述，老是想着某事；C) linger 逗留, 闲荡, 徘徊；D) delay 耽搁, 延迟, 延期。
[译文] Elisabeth没有马上进入博物馆，而是在院子里闲逛了一会儿。
66. Henry went through the documents again carefully for fear of
any important data.
[解析] 本题考查句子推理。根据语意，最符合的是B) overlooking 忽略, 没注意。A) relaying 使接替,
转播；C) deleting 删除；D) revealing 展现, 显示, 揭示。
[译文] Henry再次仔细浏览了一遍文件，害怕忽略了重要信息。
67. The bank is offering a to anyone who can give information about
the robbery.
[解析] 本题考查习惯用法。英语中对提供破案信息给予的奖励是用A) reward报酬, 奖金。B) bonus奖金, 红利(工资以外的)；C)
prize奖赏, 奖金, 奖品（参加比赛等）；D) compliment称赞, 恭维, 致意 pay compliments to
sb. 向某人致意。
[译文] 银行将对提供抢劫案信息的任何人给予奖励。
68. It is a(n) that the French eat so much rich food and yet have
a relatively low rate of heart disease.
[解析] 本题考查句型It is paradox that … 。根据语意，选B) paradox似是而非, 自相矛盾，悖论。A)
analogy类似, 类推, 类比 draw an analogy作一个类比；C) correlation相互关系, 相关(性)；D)
illusion 幻想，幻觉 be under illusion存在幻想。
[译文] 法国人吃那么多高脂肪的食物，心脏病发病率却比较低，这真是一个矛盾的现象。
69.For many years the Japanese have the car market.
[解析] 本题考查动宾搭配。所填动词和the car market搭配，所以选D。D) dominate 支配, 占优势, 统治；A)
preside (over) 主持；B) occupy占用, 占领, 占据（尽管occupy也可以和the car market搭配，但这一句是强调日本汽车占市场的主导地位，选dominate更好）；C)
operate操作, 运转。
[译文] 多年来，日本一直在汽车市场占据统治地位。
70. The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the .
[解析] 本题考查固定搭配：on / at the top of the agenda在议程的首要位置，故应选A。A) agenda议事日程，会议事项；B)
bulletin公告，报告；C) routine例行公事，常规，日常事务 daily routine日常常规；D) timetable
时间表。
[译文] 安全话题必须放在议程的首要位置。
Part IV Error Correction
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people — the learned
patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population
or society, (S1)include the expression of these patterns in material
things. Culture is (S2)compose of nonmaterial culture — abstract
creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional arrangements
— and material culture — physical (S3)object like cooking pots,
computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas
we share (S4)or everything we make. In ordinary speech, a person
of culture is the individual (S5)∧can speak another language — the
person who is (S6)unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy,
or history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured,
(S7)because of culture is the common world of experience we share
with other members of our group.
Culture is (S8)essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind
of map for relating to others. Consider how you fret your way about
social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department
store, or toward a person who smiles or (S9)laugh at you? Your culture
supplies you (S10)by broad, standardized, ready-made answers for
dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a person’s
culture, we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior.
[题解]
S1. include → including（动词用法错误，include不是与前面的characterize并列作定语从句的谓语，而应该是以现在分词形式引导伴随状语从句）
S2. compose → composed（动词用法错误，be composed of 是一固定搭配短语，意为“由…组成”）
S3. object → objects（名词单复数错误，因对其作进一步说明的like后面跟的是三个复数名词，故object应该用复数形式）
S4. or → and（连接词搭配错误，both … and … / either … or …，根据句意这里应该用both
… and …）
S5. ∧ → who（句子结构错误，该句的主干部分为a person of culture is the individual，根据上下文意思，后面部分can
speak another language为修饰individual的定语从句，缺少了引导词，应该加上who）
S6. unfamiliar → familiar（上下文逻辑错误，“文化人”应该是“熟悉艺术、音乐、文学、哲学及历史的人”）
S7. because of → because（词汇用法错误，复合介词because of 后只能跟名词结构，后面是从句只能用连接词because引导，所以应去掉of
）
S8. essentially → essential（副词用法错误，essentially不能作表语，应该改用形容词essential）
S9. laugh → laughs（动词第三人称单复数错误，动词laugh要与其主语的人称和数保持一致，其主语是关系代词who，而who指代的是a
person，所以应该改用第三人称单数laughs）
S10. by → with（动词和介词搭配错误，supply sb. with sth.是固定搭配短语，意为“向某人提供某物”）
[解析]
第一段第一句的主干是Culture refers to the social heritage of a people。破折号后的内容是对the
social heritage的进一步解释说明，其中that引导定语从句修饰the learned patterns of …
acting，including…为现在分词引导伴随状语从句。本段第二句的主干是Culture is composed of nonmaterial
culture and material culture。破折号后的abstract creations 和physical objects平行，分别修饰前面的nonmaterial
culture和material culture。In sum, … 为作者作的初步总结。In ordinary speech,
… 和 But to sociologists, … 为两个对比句。
第二段中these situations指代Consider … / How do you know…这两句中的内容。
[译文]
文化是指一个民族的社会传统，也就是人们所习得的思考、感知和行为模式，它们构成了一个群体或社会的特点，包括这些模式在物质事物方面的表现。文化由非物质文化（抽象的创造物，如：价值观、信仰、风俗和制度上的安排）和物质文化（有形的物体，如：烹调用锅、计算机和浴缸）组成。总而言之，
文化既反映了我们共有的观念也反映了我们创造的每一件事物。一般说来，有文化的人是指这个人能够说另外一门语言，熟悉艺术、音乐、文学、哲学或历史。但对社会学家而言，要成为人就要有教养，因为文化是我们与我们所处群体的其它成员分享的共同体验。
文化对我们的人性来说是必不可少的，它提供了一种与他人联系的图式。不妨考虑一下你是如何为你的社会生活方式而烦恼的，你是如何知道在教室里，在百货商店里，或者面对着一个对你微笑或者取笑你的人时，你应该有怎样的行为举止？你的文化为你提供了处理每一种此类状况的主要的、标准化的、现成的答案。因此，如果我们了解一个人的文化，我们就能理解甚至预测他的很多行为。
Part V Writing
[范文]
A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper
June 19, 2004
Dear Editor,
I am a junior in Peking University and a regular reader of your
prestigious newspaper. I am writing to confide to you my unpleasant
experience because I take you as my friend. Last Sunday, I went
to the XXX Foreign Bookstore for the latest version of an English-Chinese
Dictionary. On my way home, I was filled with joy because this dictionary
is the type I have been longing for years. However, when I was back
home browsing through the dictionary, I was astonished to find lots
of pages were stained and missing. And I found some entries are
mistakenly defined. I rushed back to the store and found the manager
to complain about the quality problems and asked him to refund my
money. But he gave me the cold shoulder, arguing that this was not
their fault and the publisher was to blame.
Over the past week, I have been pondering what happened and decided
to write you a letter. I am writing this letter not to pour out
my complaints before you but to appeal to the service industry to
improve its service quality. I was hoping the service industry could
provide full catering service to every customer. The development
of our society calls for high-level service!
I look forward to your opinion on this matter.
Best wishes,
Yours faithfully,
Zhang Shen
[分析] 在写此类书信作文时一定要注意格式问题，否则可能会被扣1~2分格式分。根据提纲要求，本作文前二部分为记叙，后一部分为议论，分二到三段均可。在描述字典的质量问题时，切记不能写成议论文模式（比如：First,
… Second, … ），这样会给阅卷者带来不好的印象。
2004.1
试卷一
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.
At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about
what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken
only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the
pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some
work they will start at 9 clock in the morning and have to finish
by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the
correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark
it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B [C] [D]
1. A) She knows where Martha has gone.
B) Martha will go to the concert by herself.
C) It is quite possible for the man to find Martha.
D) The man is going to meet Martha at the concert.
2. A) The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.
B) The city was poor because there wasn’t much industry then.
C) The woman’s exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.
D) He might move to another city very soon.
3. A) The man should work harder to improve his grades.
B) The man will benefit from the effort he’s put in.
C) It serves the man right to get a poor grade.
D) It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C.
4. A) She can make a reservation at the restaurant.
B) The man should decide where to eat.
C) She already has plans for Saturday night.
D) The man should ask his brother for suggestions.
5. A) The man deserved the award.
B) The woman helped the man succeed.
C) The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.
D) The woman worked hard and was given an award.
6. A) Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with
the community.
B) The man’s voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.
C) Voluntary work with the environment council requires a time commitment.
D) A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment
council.
7. A) The patient must receive treatment regularly.
B) The patient can’t leave the hospital until the bleeding stops.
C) The patient’s husband can attend to the business in her place.
D) The patient must take a good rest and forget about her business.
8. A) Alice does not know much about electronics.
B) Alice is unlikely to find a job anywhere.
C) Alice is not interested in anything but electronics.
D) Alice is likely to find a job in an electronics company.
9. A) Jimmy is going to set out tonight.
B) Jimmy has not decided on his journey.
C) There is no need to have a farewell dinner.
D) They may have a dinner when Jimmy’s back.
10. A) The woman had been planning for the conference.
B) The woman called the man but the line was busy.
C) The woman didn’t come back until midnight.
D) The woman had guests all evening.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At
the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while
driving.
B) They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.
C) They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.
D) They are pleased because it saves them much time.
12. A) They don’t have their own cars to drive to work.
B) Many of them are romantic by temperament.
C) Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.
D) They tend to be more friendly to each other.
13. A) Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.
B) Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.
C) Some suggest improving the design of the deck.
D) Some object to using larger luxury boats.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) Coca Cola B) Sausage C) Milk D) Fried chicken
15. A) He has had thirteen decayed teeth.
B) He doesn’t have a single decayed tooth.
C) He has fewer decayed teeth than other people of his age.
D) He never had a single tooth pulled out before he was fifty.
16. A) Brush your teeth right before you go to bed in the evening.
B) Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible.
C) Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals.
D) Clean your teeth shortly after eating.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) A visit to a prison.
B) The influence of his father.
C) A talk with some miserable slaves.
D) His experience in the war between France and Austria.
18. A) He sent surgeons to serve in the army.
B) He provided soldiers with medical supplies.
C) He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded.
D) He helped to flee the prisoners of war.
19. A) All men are created equal.
B) The wounded and dying should be treated for free.
C) A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical
treatment.
D) A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race, religion
or political beliefs.
20. A) To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war.
B) To show Switzerland was neutral.
C) To pay tribute to Switzerland.
D) To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer
Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking
multivitamins does is give them expensive urine (尿). After all,
true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized
countries. Now it seems those doctors may have been wrong. The results
of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin
shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits
of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you
spend on them is probably a good investment.
Or at least that’s the argument put forward in the New England Journal
of Medicine. Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer
of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically
rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time
and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point,
while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it
just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.
The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the B vitamins.
It’s been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos（胚胎）,
and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin
B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries
after surgical repair.
The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take
400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat
less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin
E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesn’t
seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention
but cannot undo serious damage.
Despite vitamin C’s great popularity, consuming large amounts of
it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The
body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes ( 排泄 )
any excess.
The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to wait
until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing
to accept that there’s enough evidence that they don’t hurt and
could help?
If the latter, there’s no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest
horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause
trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems.
Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet,
of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit
is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin
makes a lot of sense.
21. At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because
they believed that multivitamins .
A) could not easily be absorbed by the human body
B) were potentially harmful to people’s health
C) were too expensive for dally consumption
D) could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies
22. According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements
.
A) often result in misleading conclusions
B) take time and will not produce conclusive results
C) should be conducted by scientists on a larger scale
D) appear tm be a sheer waste of time and resources
23. It has been found that vitamin E .
A) should be taken by patients regularly and persistently
B) can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart disease
C) has a preventive but not curative effect on heart disease
D) should be given to patients with heart disease as early as possible
24. It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins .
A) may bring about serious side effects
B) may help prevent excessive bleeding
C) the likely to induce the blockage of arteries
D) are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies
25. The author concludes the passage with the advice that
A) the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of exercise
and a balanced diet
B) it’s risky to take multivitamins without knowing their specific
function
C) the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimated
D) it’s reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge（剧增）of women
in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women,
according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The
converse （反面）of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a
multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past,
only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in
the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman
can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that
economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties
cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy
days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also
rises.
Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is
the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any
simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work
on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions.
The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the
chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory
marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded
in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage.
Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth
in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and
relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family’s
standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial
and emotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a
wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the
house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the
other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the
home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and
more stable union.
Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due
to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners.
With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the
home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family. A working
wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending
upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create
a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
26. The word "portend" (Line 2, Para. 1) is closest in
meaning to " ".
A) defy B) signal C) suffer from D) result from
27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, .
A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B) more women would get married to seek financial security
C) even working women would worry about their marriages
D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, .
A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B) their husbands are expected to do more housework
C) their marriage ties be can strengthened
D) they tend to put their career before marriage
29. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that
.
A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D) they tend to suspect their husbands’ loyalty to their marriage
30. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s
view in the passage?
A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the
economic situation of the country.
B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle
for real equality in marriage.
C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the
home and remain independent.
D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies
from case to case.
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident
that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes
the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes
it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists -- that
is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man.
Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an
animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned.
One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to
the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of
humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man
in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men
in every age have had in common something that can be called "human
nature." The historical approach was reinforced, particularly
in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology
( 人类学 ). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity
of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists
arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper
on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing
to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was
that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which
the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature,
for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century
defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity
of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a
case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate
( 天生的 ) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to "human
nature" in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable
human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature
probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man
came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea
of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.
Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that
we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
31. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly
challenged by .
A) the emergence of the evolutionary theory
B) the historical approach to man
C) new insight into human behavior
D) the philosophical analysis of slavery
32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human
beings _ .
A) have some traits in common B) are born with diverse cultures
C) are born without a fixed nature D) change their characters as
they grow up
33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in
order to .
A) emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of
"human nature”
B) show that the concept of "human nature" was used to
justify social evils
C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human
nature"
D) support the idea that some human traits are acquired
34. The word "untenable" (Line 3) in the last paragraph
of the passage most probably means .
A)invaluable B)imaginable C)changeable D)indefensible
35. Most philosophers believed that human nature
A) is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B) consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C) is something partly innate and partly acquired
D) consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies,
has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine,
where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment
for surgeons and other medical practitioners（从业者）.
"With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every
trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who
are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped
with computers.
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons
back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through
virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying
the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments
in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating
procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery.
Engineers at an international organization in California are developing
a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image
of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer,
which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform
the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force,
textures, and sound.
These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community
hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding
its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical
School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized
scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can
then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest,
least invasive surgical path to the rumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also
using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so
that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep
in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in
a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.
During these procedures -- operations that are done through small
cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools
are maneuvered -- surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better
view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue
more accurately than human surgeons can.
Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in
the field of medicine."
36. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality
to medicine .
A) will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield
B) can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield
C) will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield
D) can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the
battlefield
37. Richard Satava has visions of .
A) using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting
overseas
B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality
helmets on the battlefield
C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons
D) setting up mobile surgical units overseas
38. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
A) It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.
B) Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided
by a computer.
C) Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked
to them.
D) A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the
operation.
39. During virtual reality operations the surgeon can have a better
view of the cuts in the body because .
A) he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen
B) the cuts can be examined from different angles
C) the cuts have been highly magnified
D) he is wearing 3-D glasses
40. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional
surgery in that they .
A) cause less pain to the wounded
B) allow the patient to recover more quickly
C) will make human surgeons’ work less tedious
D) are done by robot surgeons with greater precision
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For
each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose
the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. He suggested that we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite_____.
A) probable B) sustainable C) feasible D) eligible
42. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect
important_ of American life.
A) facets B) formats C) formulas D) fashions
43. It is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to _
and transport it to the industrial centers.
A) permeate B) extract C) distinguish D) concentrate
44. Students are expected to be quiet and _____ in an Asian classroom.
A) obedient B) overwhelming C) skeptical D) subsidiary
45. Our reporter has just called to say that rescue teams will ____to
bring out the trapped miners.
A) effect B) affect C) conceive D) endeavour
46. The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing
their best next week to_____ themselves on tile German team for
last year’s defeat.
A) remedy B) reproach C) revive D) revenge
47. Creating so much confusion, Mason realized he had better make
_____ what he was trying to tell the audience.
A) exclusive B) explicit C) objective D) obscure
48. One of the examination questions_____ me completely and I couldn’t
answer it.
A) baffled B) mingled C) provoked D) diverted
49. The vision of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few
feet from us will never be_____ from my memory.
A) ejected B) escaped C) erased D) omitted
50. At present, it is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion
that there is a causal relationship between the amount of fat we
eat and the_____ of heart attacks.
A) incidence B) impetus C) rupture D) emergence
51. There are many who believe that the use of force_____ political
ends can never be justified.
A) in search of B) in pursuit of C) in view of D) in light of
52. Sometimes the bank manager himself is asked to _____ cheques
if his clerks are not sure about them.
A) credit B) assure C) certify D) access
53. It is believed that the authorities are thinking of _____ new
taxes to raise extra revenue.
A) impairing B) imposing C) invading D) integrating
54. When she heard the bad news, her eyes _____ with tears as she
struggled to control her emotions.
A) sparkled B) twinkled C) radiated D) glittered
55. There are occasions when giving a gift _____ spoken communication,
since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language
and cultural diversity.
A) overtakes B) nourishes C) surpasses D) enforces
56. In order to keep the line moving, customers with lengthy are
required to do their banking inside.
A) transit B) transactions C) turnover D) tempos
57. President Wilson attempted to between the powers to end the
war, but neither side was prepared to give in.
A) segregate B) whirl C) compromise D) mediate
58. The police have installed cameras at dangerous road to film
those who drive through red traffic lights.
A) trenches B) utilities C) pavements D) junctions
59. It is reported that thirty people were killed in a on the railway
yesterday.
A) collision B) collaboration C) corrosion D) confrontation
60. Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is
accepted as a symbol of love.
A) successive B) consecutive C) eternal D) insistent
61. Executives of the company enjoyed an lifestyle of free gifts,
fine wines and high salaries.
A) exquisite B) extravagant C) exotic D) eccentric
62. If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to away
all the rocks.
A) haul B) repel C) dispose D) snatch
63. Some crops are relatively high yielders and could be planted
in preference to other to the food supply.
A) enhance B) curb C) disrupt D) heighten
64. Astronomers at the University of California discovered one of
the most distant_____.
A) paradoxes B) paradises C) galaxies D) shuttles
65. Many great scientists _____ their success to hard work.
A) portray B) ascribe C) impart D) acknowledge
66. The sign set up by the road _____ drivers to a sharp turn.
A) alerts B) refreshes C) pleads D) diverts
67. The doctors don’t _____ that the patient will live much longer.
A) monitor B) manifest C) articulate D) anticipate
68. Call your doctor for advice if the _____ persist for more than
a few days.
A) responses B) signals C) symptoms D) reflections
69. We find it impossible to_____ with the latest safety regulations.
A) accord B) unify C) obey D) comply
70. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _____ in presenting
the series of lectures on American literature.
A) alter B) alternate C) substitute D) exchange
试卷二
Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)
Thomas Malthus published his "Essay on the Principle
of Population" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then,
forecasters have being warning that worldwide famine was S1.___________
just around the next corner. The fast-growing population’s
demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their S2.___________
supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation.
But in reality, the world’s total grain harvest has risen
steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble S3.___________
spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of
good harvests, the world’s food crisis has remained just S4.___________
around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue
even as if the population doubles by the mid-21st century, S5.___________
although feeding I0 billion people will not be easy for
politics, economic and environmental reasons. Optimists S6.__________
point to concrete examples of continued improvements
in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, more S7.__________
fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more
than double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, S8.__________
rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few S9.__________
stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant
breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding
crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason S10._________
for hope.
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a
composition on the topic Reduce Waste on Campus. You should write
at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重
2.浪费的危害
3.杜绝浪费, 从我做起
Reduce Waste on Campus
参考答案
PartⅠ
1-10. CABBD CBACD 11-20. CDBAB DACDC
PartⅡ
21-30. ABCAD BDCAD 31-40. CCBDA CACDD
PartⅢ
41-50. CABAD DBACA 51-60 BCBAC BDDAC 61-70. BAACB ADCDB
PartⅣ
S1. being→been S2. their→its S3. relative→relatively S4. good→poor/bad/scanty
S5. as→/ S6. politics→political S7. by→for S8. double→doubled S9.
few→fewer S10. crop→crops
超 精 解 分 析
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. M：Did you see Martha just now? I want to ask her to go with us
to the concert tonight.
W：She must be around somewhere. You may still be able to catch her.
Q：What does the woman mean?
A) She knows where Martha has gone.
B) Martha will go to the concert by herself.
C) It is quite possible for the man to find Martha.
D) The man is going to meet Martha at the concert.
解析：女士说她一定在附近，你仍然能够找到她。找人的场景，对话重心放在答语上。 be able to catch = possible
to find
单词：around 周围，附近
短语：catch sb. 找到某人
2. W: I can’t bear the air pollution in this city anymore. It’s
getting worse and worse.
M: You said it. We’ve never had so many factories before.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.
B) The city was poor because there wasn’t much industry then.
C) The woman’s exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.
D) He might move to another city very soon.
解析：本对话讨论主题是air pollution。男士肯定女士的说法，并指出“以前从未有过这么多的工厂”，也就是说他的观点是工业发展导致了空气污染。industry是factories的抽象概括替换。
单词：bear忍受；exaggerate夸张；seriousness严重
短语：air pollution空气污染
句型：You said it.你说对了。（表示同意、赞成的句型） 类似的句型还有：You can say that again.
/ I can’t agree with you more. / No kidding.
3. M: Just think I went through so much work on my paper only to
get a C.
W: Well, I don’t think grades are everything . What you’ve learned
in the process will prove useful in your future work.
Q: What does the woman imply?
. A) The man should work harder to improve his grades.
B) The man will benefit from the effort he’s put in.
C) It serves the man right to get a poor grade.
D) It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C.
解析：女士说分数并不意味着一切，然后说在写论文的过程中学到的东西在将来的工作中会有用的。注意useful和benefit的替换，其它替换词还有rewarding
/ beneficial / worthwhile等。
单词：paper论文
短语：go through仔细研究；in the process在过程中；prove useful被证明是有用的；improve
one’s grades 提高分数；benefit from 从…受益；put in the effort 花费努力
句型：Sth. is everything.某事很重要，意味着一切；It serves sb right to do sth.某人做某事是活该的；It
was unfair of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是不公平的。
4. M: My brother is coming this weekend, and I was thinking the
three of us would go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions?
W: It’s up to you. I don’t know the restaurants here that well.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) She can make a reservation at the restaurant.
B) The man should decide where to eat.
C) She already has plans for Saturday night.
D) The man should ask his brother for suggestions.
解析： 针对出去吃饭这件事情，女士说由你决定。后面一句话只是补充说明，关键在于理解It’s up to you.。本对话的话题是eat。
短语：go out to dinner出去吃正餐，赴宴；make a reservation预定；ask sb. for suggestions请求某人的建议
句型：It’s up to you. / up to you. 你决定 / 你做主 / 你看着办；Any suggestions?
有什么建议吗？
5. W: I couldn’t have won the award without your assistance, thank
you very much.
M: You’ve been working so hard. You deserve the honor.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man deserved the award.
B) The woman helped the man succeed.
C) The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.
D) The woman worked hard and was given an award.
解析：女士获奖，她对男士表示感谢。几个干扰项均颠倒了事实。对话关键词award。
短语：win the award获奖；deserve the honor应该获得这个荣誉; be thankful to sb.
for sth.因某事感谢某人
句型：sb. deserves sth.某人应该获得某物，某人活该
6. M: I’d like to sign up for some voluntary work with the environment
council. I hear it’s a great way to connect with the community.
W: It sure is, but you’ll have to put in a lot of hours. So you
must leave some room in scheduling your time.
Q: What does the woman imply?
A) Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the
community.
B) The man’s voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.
C) Voluntary work with the environment council requires a time commitment.
D) A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment
council.
解析：女士说话重点在but后面，意思是参加志愿工作需要很多时间。put in a lot of hours = time commitment
单词：council委员会； schedule安排；commitment许诺，承担义务；community社区，社会
短语：sign up for报名参加；voluntary work志愿工作; put in a lot of hours花很多时间；leave
some room留些空间，留些余地; schedule one’s time安排某人的时间。
句型：It sure is. 当然。
7. W: Can you tell me when I can leave here, doctor? I have some
important business to attend to.
M: That depends on how your condition reacts to our treatment. You
may leave as soon as the bleeding stops. I think that will take
a couple of days.
Q: What does the doctor mean?
A) The patient must receive treatment regularly.
B) The patient can’t leave the hospital until the bleeding stops.
C) The patient’s husband can attend to the business in her place.
D) The patient must take a good rest and forget about her business.
解析：医生说出血一止你就可以离开。注意not until = as soon as 条件关系。
单词：condition状况；bleed出血；take a couple of days花几天时间
短语：attend to处理；receive treatment接受治疗；take a good rest好好休息；forget
about sth.忘记某事
8. M: I’m told that Alice is trying to find a job in an electronics
company.
W: As far as I know , she is good at anything but electronics.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) Alice does not know much about electronics.
B) Alice is unlikely to find a job anywhere.
C) Alice is not interested in anything but electronics.
D) Alice is likely to find a job in an electronics company.
解析：找工作场景，注意多学习相关词汇。女士用了anything but这个强调词，表示男士对电子学不擅长。
单词：electronics 电子学
短语：electronics company电子；anything but决不；be good at anything but
sth.除了某事什么都擅长
9. M: Jimmy is going on a journey tomorrow. Shall we have a farewell
dinner tonight.
W: Do you think it’s necessary? You know, he’ll be away just for
a few days.
Q: What does the women mean?
A) Jimmy is going to set out tonight.
B) Jimmy has not decided on his journey.
C) There is no need to have a farewell dinner.
D) They may have a dinner when Jimmy’s back.
解析：对话讨论主题是是否该举办一个farewell dinner。考生听的重点放在女士的回答上。女士用的反问句，意思就是说没必要。
短语：go on a journey旅行；farewell dinner送别晚宴; be away离开; set out出发；decide
on sth.做关于某事的决定
10. M: I thought you are going to call me last night about the plans
for the conference on language teaching.
W: Sorry, I should have. But Tom and Jam stopped by and stayed until
midnight.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The woman had been planning for the conference.
B) The woman called the man but the line was busy.
C) The woman didn’t come back until midnight.
D) The woman had guests all evening.
解析：女士用I should have虚拟语气说她没打电话。But引出原因。Tom and Jane = guests抽象概括。
短语：the plan for sth. 关于某事的计划；conference on sth.某方面的会议；stop by顺便走访(drop
by / pay a visit); plan for计划某事
句型：I thought…我原以为；I should have…我原应该做某事的（实际没有做）
Section B
Passage One
The Golden Gate Bridge joins the beautiful city of San Francisco（旧金山）with
the suburbs to the North. Each day, about 100,000 automobiles crossed
the bridge taking people to and from the city. More than half of
them crossed the bridge during the morning and evening rush hours（高峰时间）.
(11)With traffic so heavy（交通拥挤）, the trip is not pleasant. Now,
however, there is at least one group of happy commuters（通勤者，乘车往返于两地上班的人）.
These are the people who travel under the bridge instead of on it.
They go to work by boat and enjoyed it so much that most of them
say they will never go by car again. The ferry they take is spacious（宽敞的）,
quite and comfortable. Commuters can enjoy the sun on deck（甲板）.
In the morning, they can have breakfast in the coffee shop and in
the evening they can order a drink in the bar while looking at the
beautiful scenery（风景，景色）. The trip takes only 30 minutes and is
not very costly. (12)But best of all, being on a boat seems to make
people feel more friendly toward each other. There has already been
a marriage of two commuters who met on the ferry. Because the ferry
has been so successful, there are plans to use other still larger
boats. (13)There is also a proposal（提议）for a high-speed boat that
will make the trip in only 15 minutes, but not everyone is happy
about that. A lot of people feel that half an hour is just enough
time to relax.
11. According to the speaker, how do commuters feel about crossing
the Golden Gate Bridge by car? C)
12. What does the speaker say about ferry commuters? D)
13. How do commuters respond to plans for the future of the ferry?
B)
Passage Two
How many teeth have you had failed in the past two year? If you
follow the advice of Doctor Forsdick , you may be able to reduce
the number of your visits to a dentist. Doctor Forsdick conducted（开展，进行）a
two-year survey to find out how to prevent or reduce dental decay（龋齿）.
946 students took part in the experiment. 523 students cleaned their
teeth within 10 minutes of eating . When possible, they used a tooth-brush
. When this was impossible, they washed their mouth thoroughly with
water. The remaining 423 students merely cleaned their teeth when
they went to bed and when they got up in the morning. All the students
had their teeth X-rayed at the end of the first and second years.
At the end of the first year, the night and morning group had three
times as many decayed teeth as the clean-after-each-meal group.
At the end of the second year, the latter group had 53% fewer decayed
teeth than the former group. (15) Doctor Forsdick has cleaned his
teeth after every meal for 13 years, and has not had a single decayed
tooth. (14) He pointed out that sugar is a major agent（因素）in dental
decay, particularly the sugar in sweets, cakes and soft drinks（软饮料，可乐等）.
(16) Ideally, you should keep a tooth-brush in your pocket and use
it immediately after you have finished eating. When this is impractical,
you can at least make sure that you have a drink of water and let
the water through your teeth to force out any particles（微粒）of food.
Seven out of ten people lose at least half their teeth by the time
they are fifty. Many have a complete set of false teeth（假牙）by that
time. In any case, neither toothache nor a visit to a dentist is
very pleasant, so it is worthwhile making an effort to keep your
own teeth as long as possible. The main preventative（预防的）agent（物质，剂）is
simply water.
14. According to the passage, what type of food or drink is most
likely to cause dental decay? A)
15. What does the passage tell us about the condition of Doctor
Forsdick’s teeth? B)
16. What does Doctor Forsdick suggest to prevent dental decay? D)
Passage Three
The worldwide organization of the Red Cross（红十字会）stems from（源于）the
idea of Henry Dunant, a Swiss banker. (17) In 1838, at the age of
10, Dunant was taken by his father to visit a prison. There, he
saw prisoners chained tighter exercising in the yard and breaking
stones along the road. This experience left a deep impression on
him and made him determined to do something for convicts（囚犯）and
slaves and for all who are oppressed（压迫）and deprived of（剥夺）their
liberty. On 24th, June 1859, while on his way from Geneva（日内瓦）to
France, Dunant witnessed（目击）the battle between the French and Austrian（奥地利的）armies
. It was one of the fiercest battles of the 19th century. Shocked
by the lack of medical supplies and attention given to the wounded,
Dunant decided a voluntary service have to be organized. (18) He
gathered together a number of women who tended the hundreds of wounded
soldiers of all nationalities and helped the surgeons(外科医生)as best
as they could. From that battle, Dunant determined to form a body
of people who would rally（集合）together in times of war and attend
to the needs of the wounded and dying. (19) Dunant held that the
suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only, without
regard to（不管，不考虑）race, religion or political beliefs（信仰）. Many European
states supported him and on 27 August, 1864, the first Geneva Convention（日内瓦公约）was
signed. This lays down（拟定）that once a solider is wounded, he and
everyone who comes to his help ceases to be an enemy. A symbol by
which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. (20) As
a tribute（尊敬）to Switzerland, the symbol was a Swiss flag reversed（颠倒）.
That is a red cross on a white ground. So the Red Cross was born.
17. What first led Henry Dunant to thinking of helping the oppressed?
A)
18. What did Henry Dunant do during the battle between the French
and Austrian armies? C)
19. What was Henry Dunant’s belief when he founded the Red Cross?
D)
20. Why was the symbol of the Red Cross designed with a red cross
on a white ground? C)
Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage One
(21) For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing
taking multivitamins does is give them expensive urine(尿). After
all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized
countries. Now it seems those doctors may have been wrong. The results
of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin
shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits
of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you
spend on them is probably a good investment.（文章一开始提出老观点，认为服用的维生素人体难吸收。然后给出新看法，也就是服用适量的维生素是有益的。从结构上讲是应该典型的新老观点型文章，整篇文章围绕着新观点展开。deficiency
/ shortfall同义替换）
21. At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because
they believed that multivitamins .
[定位与替换]本题是问医生曾经不鼓励服用多种维生素的原因。根据题干中的At one time和doctors可以定位到文章第一段的第一句，At
one time = For years。第一句的意思是多年来医生忠告他们的病人，服用多种维生素的唯一作用是排泄昂贵的药。句子主干是doctors
advised their patients, that引导主语从句。言外之意思是，花了钱却排泄掉了，正符合A) could not
easily be absorbed by the human body不能轻易地被身体所吸收，属于概括性替换。原文是排泄，答案是吸收，一正一反。
[干扰项分析] B) were potentially harmful to people’s health对人的身体有潜在的危害，原文无信息支持；C)
were too expensive for daily consumption对于日常消费是太昂贵了, 是曲解原文，原文中的expensive是修饰的尿而不是维生素，只是说明花钱服用后排泄掉了，是一种浪费。这个选项有很大的迷惑性；D)
could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies不能对维生素缺乏症提供任何治疗，利用第二句中的vitamin
deficiencies来干扰考生。
Or at least that’s the argument put forward in the New England
Journal of Medicine. (22) Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr.
Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated
in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can
take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer.
At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the
truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs
the cost.
22. According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements
.
[定位与替换]本题针对维生素补剂的临床实验提问。根据题干中的clinical trials可以定位到文章第二段。第三句的意思是，这些实验研究耗费时间长，而且所引起的疑问要比能够回答的疑问多。所以选
B) take time and will not produce conclusive results花费时间而且产生的结果不确定。take
a long time = take time; often raise more question than they answer
= will not produce conclusive results.
[干扰项分析] A) often result in misleading conclusions经常导致误导性的结论，错在misleading无信息支持；C)
should be conducted by scientists on a larger scale应该由医生更大规模地进行，也无信息支持；D)
appear to be a sheer waste of time and resources 看起来是纯粹浪费时间和资源，无信息支持，说的太过了。
The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the B vitamins.
It’s been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos (胚胎),
and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin
B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries
after surgical repair.
The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take
400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat
less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin
E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesn’t
seem to help. (23) It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in
prevention but cannot undo serious damage.
23. It has been found that vitamin E .
[定位与替换]根据关键词vitamin E定位到第四段。考生对阅读文章中出现的某个概念要及时做标记，根据前面对段落的分析，应该选
C) has a preventive but not curative effect on heart disease有预防但没有治愈心脏病的效果。
[干扰项分析] A) should be taken by patients regularly and persistently应该有规律并且坚持被病人所服用；B)
can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart disease能够有效地减少心脏病的复发；D)
should be given to patients with heart disease as early as possible
应该被尽早地给予患心脏病的人。这三个干扰项均无信息支持。本题只要定位准确，应该很容易解答。
Despite vitamin C’s great popularity, consuming large amounts
of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit.
The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes (排泄)
any excess.
The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to wait
until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing
to accept that there’s enough evidence that they don’t hurt and
could help?（第一个that引导宾语从句作accept的宾语，第二个that引导同位语从句作evidence的同位语）
If the latter, there’s no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest
‘horse pills or the most expensive bottles. (24) Large doses can
cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems.
24. It has seen that large doses of multivitamins .
[定位与替换]本题是问从文章中可以看出服用大剂量的多种维生素会怎样？根据题干中的large doses of multivitamins可以定位到文章第七段的第二句，大剂量的服用可能会引起麻烦，例如失血过多或造成神经系统的问题。所以应该选A)
may bring about serious side effects可能会引起严重的副作用。side effects是对原文中excessive
bleeding and nervous system problems的概括性替换。
[干扰项分析] B) may help prevent excessive bleeding 可能有助于帮助防止失血过多，与原文说法相反；C)
the likely to induce the blockage of arteries可能会引起动脉堵塞，文中无信息支持；D)
are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies对于那些维生素缺乏的人是可取的，也无信息支持。
Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet,
of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit
is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin
makes a lot of sense.
25. The author concludes the passage with the advice that _______.
[定位与替换]本题是问作者用一个什么建议来总结全文的？最后一段的意思：当然，多种维生素不能代替锻炼和平衡的饮食。只要对此理解了，就应知道该选D)
it’s reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily每日服用合理的剂量是明智的。
[干扰项分析] A) the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that
of exercise and a balanced diet与文章最后一段的第一句相反；B) it’s risky to take
multivitamins without knowing their specific function在不知道维生素具体的功能之前就服用是危险的，这不仅不是作者的建议，而且与原文第六段的说法不一致；C)
the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimated维生素的潜在好处永远不可以被高估，这也不是作者的建议。
【重点单词】
deficiency n. ①缺乏,不足②缺点,缺陷
industrialize v. (使)工业化
modest a. ①谦虚地,谦逊的②适中的,适度的,不太多的③羞怯的
argument n. ①争论,争吵,辩论②理由,论据,论点③说理,论证
ideally adv. 理想地,完美地
supplement n. ①增补(物),补充(物)②增刊,副刊 vt. 增补,补充
rigorous a. ①严密的,缜密的②严格的,严厉的
outweigh vt. ①比…(在重量上)重,在重量上超过②比…(在重要性、影响上)重要,胜过
defect n. 缺点,缺陷,毛病 vi. 变节,叛变
mixed a. 混合的,混杂的
folk n. ①[pl.]亲属,家人,父母②人们 a. 民间的
subject n. ①主题,题目②学科,科目③(试验等的)对象④主语
a. ①受…支配的,取决于…的(to)②易遭…的(to)
vt. ①使服从(to)②使遭受(to)
[真题]Astronauts are _______ all kinds of tests before they are actually
sent up in a spacecraft.
A) inclined to B) subjected to C) prone to D) bound to [CET-6:2002,6]
[译文]宇航员在实际上送上宇宙飞船之前,要经受各种测试。
refinement n. 精致,精确,(言谈, 举止等的)文雅,精巧
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
raise questions 提出问题
动词与副词搭配：
put forward 提出
动词与介词搭配：
work on 致力于
boil down to 归结为
形容词与名词搭配：
clinical trials 临床试验
形容词与介词搭配：
saturated with 以…饱和的
subject to 有待于…的
介词与名词搭配：
at some point 在某一点上
to date 迄今为止
develop heart disease 患心脏病
副词与形容词搭配：
practically unheard 几乎未听说过的
scientifically rigorous 科学而又严格的
positively linked 肯定有关联的
Passage Two
(26) Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge (剧增)
of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many
women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry.
The converse (反面) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming
a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past,
only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in
the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman
can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. (27) Data show
that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties
cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy
days ahead. ( rainy days 引申义：穷困时期) As the economy rebounds, the
number of marriages also rises. （本文探讨了妇女工作对婚姻和家庭的影响。第一段引出两种不同的观点：一些未来学家提出一种假设，劳动力中妇女的剧增可能预示着对婚姻的拒绝；而与这种想法相反的是认为一个家庭中两个人赚钱的前景将鼓励婚姻。但是作者并没有简单地肯定或者否定一方的观点，而是认为双方都有可取之处，这是一种相对复杂的态度，在以往的试题中比较少见，但在GRE里此类文章比较多见。与国际英语考试的选材接轨，是四、六级改革的大趋势。）
26. The word "portend" (Line 2, Para. 1) is closest in
meaning to " ".
[定位与替换]此类题目正确率很低，这与平时阅读过度依赖字典和不重视语篇分析有关。解答此类题目时应对上下文之间的逻辑关系进行分析。portend在第一句，答案所依据的解题线索一般会在后文中。一、二两句的意思是：一些未来学家提出一个假设，劳动力中妇女的剧增可能预示着对婚姻的拒绝。根据这个假设，许多妇女将宁愿工作而不愿意结婚。this
hypothesis = assume，我们可以推导出劳动力中妇女的剧增与拒绝婚姻是因果关系，所以选B) signal 显示、预示。
[干扰项分析] A) defy藐视，公然反抗；C) suffer from 因…而遭罪；D) result from源于、是因为，颠倒了因果关系，如果改成result
in就可以了。
27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, ________.
[定位与替换]本题是问当经济下滑时会出现什么情况？根据题干中的economy slides (= economic downturns)定位到文章第一段的倒数第二句，有数据表明…
(Data show that…，为考点)。本句的意思是：有数据表明，经济下滑会使婚姻延期，因为双方没有经济能力建立一个家庭或者是担心未来经济拮据的日子。所以选D)
more people would prefer to remain single for the time being更多的人会选择暂时单身，remain
single for the time being = postpone marriage, 推迟结婚就是暂时保持单身。这里命题者所使用的替换非常巧妙，属于正话反说。
[干扰项分析] A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners男人会选择职业妇女作为结婚对象，干扰源在上一句the
earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage
partner.，与本题所设置的条件when the economy slides没有关系，偏离考点；B) more women
would get married to seek financial security更多的妇女将会结婚以寻求经济的保障；C)
even working women would worry about their marriages甚至职业妇女也会对她们的婚姻担心；B)、C)
都无信息支持，是无中生有。
Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home
is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to
any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s
work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions.
The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the
chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory
marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded
in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage.
Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth
in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and
relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family’s
standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial
and emotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered. (29) For example,
a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in
the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. (28)
On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside
the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger
and more stable union.
28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ________.
[定位与替换]本题是问如果妇女通过在外工作找到满足感，会怎么样？根据题干中的if / fulfillment 定位到文章第三段的最后一句：如果她能够通过在外工作获得满足，那么工作和婚姻会一起创造一个更强大的更稳定的联盟。所以应该选C)
their marriage ties be can strengthened他们的婚姻纽带会得到加强。原文中的形容词“stronger”转化为选项中的动词“strengthen”，对于这类同义转述，应注意揣摩。
[干扰项分析] A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
她们更加可能控制他们的婚姻对象，尽管最后一段提到A working wife may rob a husband of being
the master of the house.工作的妻子可能使丈夫不再成为一家之主，但dominate一词用的太过，而且也不符合本题所设置的条件If
women….the home，偏离了考点； B) their husbands are expected to do more
housework预计她们的丈夫会做更多的家务活， 文章没有提到她们的丈夫会有什么变化，无信息支持； D) they tend
to put their career before marriage她们可能会将职业置于比婚姻更优先的地位，也无信息支持。
29. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that
_______.
[定位与替换]本题是例证、原因考点。根据关键词with no career (= blocked from a career )
/ seek a divorce定位到第三段的第二、三句，两句之间是因果关系。本题还考查了同学们对形象用法的理解。第二句意思为，如果妇女没有职业呆在家中，她们会觉得像关在笼子里一样。所以应该选A)
they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom他们觉得被剥夺了自由。feel
caged = feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
[干扰项分析]B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands她们害怕被丈夫呼来喝去；C)
they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations她们觉得丈夫没有能够符合她们的期望；D)
they tend to suspect their husbands’ loyalty to their marriage她们可能怀疑丈夫对婚姻的忠诚。三个干扰项都是无中生有，文中无信息支持。
Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been
due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main
breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations
outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within
the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master
of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new
conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could
create new insecurities.
30. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s
view in the passage?
[定位与替换]本题是问作者的观点。作者在文中的语气基本保持中立，只在最后一句表达了自己观点。因此应该选D) The impact
of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to
case.妇女工作人数的不断增多对于婚姻的影响是不尽相同的。本题考查了同学们把握全文、准确判断作者观点的能力，有一定难度。
[干扰项分析] A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect
the economic situation of the country.婚姻稳定和离婚率可能反映了国家的经济状况。尽管文中提到经济对婚姻的影响，但并不是作者的观点；B)
Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle
for real equality in marriage.即使经济独立，大部分妇女仍然必须为婚姻中的真正平等而斗争。文中无信息支持；C)
In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the
home and remain independent.为了确保婚姻稳固，妇女应该出外工作并保持独立。文中无信息支持。
【重点单词】
hypothesis a. 假设,假说,前提
count vt. ①点…的数目,计算②把…算入③认为,看作 vi. ①数,计算②值得考虑,有重要意义
n. ①计数,总数②(控告的)一项罪状
[真题]The manager needs an assistant that he can _____ to take care
of problems in his absence.
A) count on B) count in C) count up D) count out [CET-4:1996,1]
[译文]经理需要一位他不在时可指望来解决问题的助手。
downturn n. 低迷时期
party n. ①社交聚会②党,政党③一方,当事人,(parties 双方)
rebound n./vi.回弹
coincident a. 一致的,符合的,巧合的
reverse vt. ①撤销,推翻②使位置颠倒,使互换位置③使反向,使倒转 vi. 反向,倒转
n. ①相反情况,对立面②反面,背面,后面③挫折,逆境 a. 相反的,反向的,倒转的
plausible a. 似是而非的,貌似有理的,似乎正确的
tension n. ①紧张,紧张状态②拉紧,绷紧③张力,拉力
ground n. ①地,地面,土地②场地③根据,理由 vt. 建立,使打基础 vi. ①着陆,落地②搁浅
fulfillment n. 履行,实现,完成
【必背搭配】
形容词与名词搭配：
vast upsurge 猛涨,剧增
financial prospects 财政前景,未来的经济状况
pressing burdens 紧迫的负担
名词与名词搭配：
earning ability 挣钱的能力
动词与介词搭配：
be concerned about 关心
choose a over b 选择a而不选择b
be blocked from 被阻挡于…
rob sb. of 剥夺某人的…
形容词与介词搭配：
coincident with 与…一致,和…同时
动词与名词搭配：
increase the chances 增大可能性
raise the standard of living 提高生活水平
strengthen stability 增强稳定性
exercise power 行使权力
副词与形容词搭配：
equally plausible 同样似乎有理的
Passage Three
本文是一篇新老观点批驳型的文章，针对“人类天性”这个问题进行了探讨。第一段说，对大部分思想家来说，很明显地是human nature构成了人类的本质,
尽管对什么构成了human nature有不同的观点,但是大家一致认为human nature是存在的, 由此人才是人, 是一个合理的存在,是社会动物。第二段说这种传统观点已经开始被质疑，并从两个角度说明了原因。第三段是作者的观点，作者认为从进化的角度可以对human
nature这个问题有新的理解 。语篇关键词human nature
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident
that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes
the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes
it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists -- that
is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man.
Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an
animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned.
One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to
the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of
humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man
in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men
in every age have had in common something that can be called "human
nature". （对人类历史的考查表明，我们这个时代的人和以往年代的人有很大的差别，以致于认为每个时代的人都有一些共性是不切实际的，这些共性被称作“人性”。句子主干An
examination suggested that…。第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个so…that引导的是结果状语从句；第三个that引导宾语从句作assume的宾语；第四个that引导定语从句修饰something，have
sth. in common这个结构中的sth.因为比较长，为了保持句子平衡而后置。）The historical approach
was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in
the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive
peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings,
and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that
man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes
its text.（对原始人的研究发现，他们在习俗、价值观、情感和思想上存在巨大的差异，以致于很多人类学家形成了这样一个观点，即人生来就是一张白纸，在这张白纸上文化书写不同的内容。句子主干The
study of primitive people has discovered such a diversity。such…that
引导结果状语从句；第二个that引导同位语从句，修饰concept；on which 引导的定语从句修饰paper。）Another
factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a
fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused
as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In
the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers
up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove
the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society,
scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness,
and selfishness as innate (天生的) human traits. Popularly, one refers
cynically to "human nature" in accepting the inevitability
of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and
lying.
32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human
beings _______.
[定位与替换]本题是问人类学家的观点是什么？根据anthropologist 可以将问题定位到第二段many anthropologists
arrived at the concept man is born as a blank sheet of paper on
which each culture writes its text. 参考31题中的分析, 再根据语篇关键词human nature,
可以确定答案为C) are born without a fixed nature人生来并没有一个固定的本性。（是受文化影响的）
[干扰项分析]其它选项只是堆砌了文章中的某些词，并没有提到人类学家的真正观点。
33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in
order to ______.
[定位与替换]本题是问作者提到亚里士多德的目的是什么？明显的例证考点，答案指向该例子上面的作者观点句，也就是Another factor的内容,
所以应该选B) show that the concept of "human nature" was used
to justify social evils表明human nature这个概念被用来替社会邪恶作辩护。
[干扰项分析] A) emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept
of "human nature” 和C) prove that he had a profound influence
on the concept of "human nature" 与原文无关；D) support the
idea that some human traits are acquired支持某些人类特性是后天获得的观点，本选项的支持句是Or
in order to… scholars have tried to….as innate human traits, 但是偏离了考点，非本题所问的内容，注意本题是针对亚里士多德发问的。他利用了human
nature来为slavery辩护，Slavery属于social evils。
Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature
probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man
came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea
of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.
Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that
we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
31. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly
challenged by _______.
[定位与替换]本题是问关于human nature的传统观点被什么严重地挑战了？必须注意问题中的时态was。可以很容易地定位到第二段第一句，但是答案极具争议。所谓挑战传统观点，就是否认有human
nature的存在, 理由分两层。第一层由One reason for this change was the increasing
emphasis given to the historical approach to man引导，本句大意为：（人们态度）变化（由agreement到question）的原因是越来越强调从历史的角度来看待人。文章接着说，对人类历史的审视表明现在的人和以往的人非常不同，因此认为每个时代的人都有一个共同的东西human
nature是不现实的。人类学的研究加强了“历史的方法”。对原始人的研究发现了许多不同的风俗习惯、价值观、情感和思想， 使得人类学家认为人生来不过是一张白纸，文化对其产生很大影响。第一层从“历史的”这个角度否定了human
nature的存在，暗示了人们以前没有从这个角度去研究这个问题。而对人类历史的研究或者对原始人的研究，都是从一个新的“历史的”角度去研究人的。customs,
values, feelings and thoughts等, 这些都属于人的行为，社会行为、心理行为等。第二层由Another
factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a
fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused
as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed引导，本句大意为：另外一个使人们倾向否认有(也就是质疑)一个固定的human
nature的因素，是 human nature 这个概念经常被人滥用, 为一些野蛮的、非人道的行为做辩护。接着文章说亚里士多德等人就是以human
nature的名义来为奴隶制辩护（而奴隶制也是属于inhuman acts的）。文章另外举了一个例子，说一些学者为了证明资本主义制度的合理和必要，试图去证明贪婪、竞争性和自私都是人类天生的特点。最后文章谈到，人们在接受某些讨厌的人类行为，如贪婪、谋杀、欺骗和撒谎的时候，都无可奈何地提到human
nature (意思说一般人都认为这些不是属于human nature ) 。这一层也是从研究人的行为 (acts / behavior)
着手, 从新的角度(和一般学者、思想家不同的角度)来说明人的某些行为不是human nature, 而是后天习得的，或者说这个概念只是被人利用了。综上所述，本题应选C)
new insight into human behavior对人类行为的新的理解，从非传统的角度来理解人的行为，从而对传统的观点提出了挑战。本选项最好地结合了一、二两层的内容。
[干扰项分析]B) the historical approach to man只是第一层的意思, 错在片面了。有的人说题目中strongly和increasing
emphasis对应, 所以应选B) 。但文章只是说，人们越来越强调“历史的方法”使得人们开始质疑传统观念。第二段的两层是同样重要的。本题strongly
challenge 对应的是question。也有人说C) 错在behavior, 要是改成nature就对了 。但本文是针对否定human
nature这个概念的, 是说其并不存在。如果这个选项改成new insight into the problem of nature
就对了。（文章最后一句Yet引导的是作者观点, 不是本题所问内容） A) the emergence of the evolutionary
theory是第三段的内容, 是作者认为的有可能对human nature这一概念提出怀疑的另外一个角度, 而题目的时态是was,
所以不能选A), 同时它也不全面。D) the philosophical analysis of slavery则是拼凑第二段的细节处的概念,
和题意不合, 很少有人选它。
34. The word "untenable" (Line 3) in the last paragraph
of the passage most probably means _______.
[定位与替换] 本题要求考生推断生词的意思。文章第三段第一句说，另外一个对human nature怀疑的理由可能是因为进化论的影响。接着作了进一步阐述，一旦人类被看作是在进化的过程中发展的，那么人类具有某种本质性的东西的观点看起来就站不住脚了。文中a
substance which is contained in his essence显然是指human nature。从这两句可以看出，作者认为从进化的角度来看，human
nature应该被质疑。所以推断untenable的意思必定是否定的贬义词, 对human nature这个概念提出了否定。由此选择D)
indefensible不合理的, 站不住脚的。
[干扰项分析]纵观全文，作者对关于human nature的传统观点持否定态度。但A) invaluable无价的，B) imaginable可想象的，C)
changeable可改变的 这三个选项都违背了作者否定的意思。
35. Most philosophers believed that human nature _______.
[定位与替换]本题问大部分哲学家对人类天性的看法。题目指向原文第一段第一句及其后的内容，文中的thinkers实际上指的就是本题的philosophers。第一段说大部分哲学家一致同意人类具有天性，因而人才成其为人，成为社会动物。言下之意，才和其它动物有所区别。所以应该选A)
is the quality distinguishing man from other animals是一种将人类和其它动物区分开来的特性，解答这道题需要对原文经过一定的理解、推断。
[干扰项分析] B) consists of competitiveness and selfishness和D) consists
of rationality and undesirable behavior中的实词competitiveness, selfishness,
rationality和undesirable behavior都是出自原文第二段第二层细节处，不是哲学家们的观点，应予排除。他们也没有说人类天性是部分天生、部分后天获得的，所以C)
is something partly innate and partly acquired也不能选。
【重点单词】
self-evident a. 不证自明的,不言而喻的
constitute vt. ①组成,构成②设立,任命
rational a. ①理性的,理智的②合理的
question n. ①问题②疑问,不确定③难题,需讨论(或考虑)的问题 vt. ①询问,审问②怀疑
historical a. 历史(上)的,有关历史的
epoch n. 时期,时代
reinforce vt. 增强, 加强, 增援
[真题]The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one
______ the other.
A) increasing B) emphasizing C) reinforcing D) multiplying [CET-4:2001,1]
[译文]相同因素推动工资和价格上扬, 两者相互增强。
diversity n. 差异, 多样性
blank a. ①空白的,空着的②茫然的,无表情的 n. ①空白(处)②空白表格
[真题]Could you take a ______ sheet of paper and write your name at
the top?
A) bare B) vacant C) hollow D) blank [CET-4:2003,6]
[译文]能否请你拿张空白纸在顶上写下你的大名?
abuse n./vt. ①滥用,妄用②虐待,伤害③辱骂,毁谤
[真题]It has been revealed that some government leaders _______ their
authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A) employ B) take C) abuse D) overlook [CET-4:1996,6]
[译文]据透露, 某些政府领导人滥用职权非法为己牟利。
shield n. 防护罩, 盾(状物) vt. 保护, 防护
commit vt. ①犯(错误等),干(坏事等)②使(oneself)承担义务,承诺③把…托付给,将…置于(to)
④调拨…供使用,拨出
acquisitiveness n. 贪得无厌
competitiveness n. 竞争
trait n. 特征, 特点, 特性
inevitability n. 必然性
undesirable a. 不合乎要求的, 不受欢迎的, 不良的
【必背搭配】
动词与介词搭配：
be defined as 被定义为
动词与名词及介词搭配：
make a case for 证明…有理, 为…进行辩护
名词与介词搭配：
skepticism about 对…产生的怀疑
Passage Four
本文为科技类说明文, 探讨了虚拟现实技术在医学上的应用。第一段讲了Richard Satava是将虚拟现实技术应用在医学上的推动力,
由此引出话题。第二、三两段讲了虚拟现实在战场上的应用。第四、五、六段讲科学家们正在致力于将虚拟现实技术应用在手术上，并讲了一些具体的操作过程及步骤。
Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies,
has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine,
where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment
for surgeons and other medical practitioners ( 从业者 ).
"With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every
trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who
are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped
with computers.
37. Richard Satava has visions of _______.
[定位与替换]本题是问Satava有什么设想？问题出处必须以Satava为主语，文中涉及到Satava的句子并不多, 我们可以迅速定位到第二段第二句，其中envisage和has
visions of对应，本句大意：他设想可以将海外受伤的士兵放在配有计算机的移动手术病房里。接着的第三段大意：计算机将把士兵伤口的图象传给远在美国的带着头盔的医生，头盔上会有图象显示。根据以上内容，答案可以确定为A)
using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting
overseas使用远程控制技术来治疗在海外受伤的士兵。
[干扰项分析] B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual
reality helmets on the battlefield受伤的士兵在战场上被带着虚拟现实头盔的医生救治，错在on the
battlefield, 因为原文说带着头盔的医生并不要亲临战场；C) wounded soldiers being operated
on by specially trained surgeons受伤的士兵由受到特别训练的医生手术，原文没有提及；D) setting
up mobile surgical units overseas在海外建立移动手术病房，和答案沾点边，但并不确切，没有说出虚拟现实技术的实质。
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons
back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through
virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying
the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments
in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating
procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery.
Engineers at an international organization in California are developing
a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image
of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer,
which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform
the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force,
textures, and sound.
38. How is virtual reality surgery performed?
[定位与替换]本题是问虚拟现实手术是如何进行的？根据关键词virtual reality surgery, 可以将问题定位到文章第四段。该段第三句说，医生一面观察手术的三维图象，一面移动和一台计算机连着的手术器械，计算机将医生的移动信息传给实施手术的机器人器械，并向医生反馈关于力度、质地和声音的信息。据此，应选C)
Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked
to them. 医生通过与之相连接的计算机来移动机器人器械。
[干扰项分析]A) It is performed by a computer-designed high precision
device., 本选项错在computer-designed, 文中并没有说高精度设备是计算机设计的；B) Surgeons
wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.
这只是医生在手术时的一个局部情况，并不能说明虚拟现实手术如何进行；D) A 3-D image records the movements
of the surgeons during the operation. 文中并未提及3-D形象记录医生的移动。
These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community
hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding
its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical
School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized
scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can
then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest,
least invasive surgical path to the rumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also
using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so
that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep
in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in
a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.
During these procedures — operations that are done through small
cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools
are maneuvered — surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view.
And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately
than human surgeons can.
39. During virtual reality operations the surgeon can have a better
view of the cuts in the body because _______.
[定位与替换]本题是问在进行虚拟现实手术时，医生为什么可以更好地看到身体上的切口？根据关键词better view等可定位到文章倒数第二段第一句,
During these procedures 和题干During virtual reality operations 对应,
本句大意为：在这些操纵微型摄像头和手术器具、通过身体上的小切口进行手术的过程中，医生戴着3-D眼镜以获得更好的视觉。可见医生看得更好的直接、根本的原因就是因为戴了3-D眼镜，因此选D)
he is wearing 3-D glasses。
[干扰项分析] A) he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen, 该选项未突出题干中的better
view的意思；B) the cuts can be examined from different angles, 文中并未提及；C)
the cuts have been highly magnified 该选项只是现象，而非原因。
Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change
in the field of medicine."
36. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality
to medicine _______.
[定位与替换]本题是问根据Richard Satava, 虚拟现实技术在医学上的应用会有什么后果？Satava在本文第二段中说,
拥有虚拟现实，我们将可以使每个战壕里都有医生；在最后一段中说, 我们正处于医学领域的根本变革中。根据这两句，并结合整篇文章考虑，可以得出本题应选C)
will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield将极大地改善战场上的医疗条件。
[干扰项分析] A) will enable surgeons to be physically present on every
battlefield, 该选项和实际情况恰恰相反；B) can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded
on the battlefield, 文中根本没有提到提高士兵士气这一点；D) can shorten the time for
operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield, 文中也未提及虚拟现实技术可以使受伤士兵的手术时间缩短。
40. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional
surgery in that they _______.
A) cause less pain to the wounded
B) allow the patient to recover more quickly
C) will make human surgeons’ work less tedious
D) are done by robot surgeons with greater precision
40对段末句的考查
[定位与替换]本题是问虚拟现实手术在哪方面是对传统手术的改进？文中第四、五段讲了虚拟现实手术由机器人器械进行，医生通过计算机来控制，通过计算机生成的3-D图象来确定最短的、危害最小的手术途径等等，都说明了虚拟现实手术比传统手术的先进性，D)
are done by robot surgeons with greater precision最好地结合了两段的内容。
[干扰项分析]文中没有提到虚拟现实手术可以使伤者的痛苦小点、可以使病人更快康复、可以使医生的工作不枯燥,所以A) cause less
pain to the wounded, B) allow the patient to recover more quickly和C)
will make human surgeons’ work less tedious均应排除。
【重点单词】
simulate vt. ①模仿,模拟②冒充,假装
[真题]The idea is to _____ the frequent incidents of collision to
test the strength of the windshields.
A) simulate B) accumulate C) forge D) assemble [CET-6:2003,6]
[译文]该想法是模拟经常发生的碰撞事故来检验挡风玻璃的强度。
envisage vt. 想象,设想
mobile a. ①可移动的,运动的,活动的②流动的,机动的③多变的,易变的 n. 移动电话, 手机
[真题]The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while
six ____ libraries specially serve the countryside.
A) mobile B) drifting C) shifting D) rotating [CET-6:1993,6]
[译文]该机构在全国开办了36个图书馆, 同时有六个流动图书馆专门为农村服务.
transmit vt. ①播送,发射②传送,传递,传染
[真题]Communication is the process of ______ a message from a source
to an audience via a channel.
A) transmitting B) submitting C) transforming D) switching [CET-6:1995,6]
[译文]通讯是指通过某种途径将信息从信息源传送给听众的过程。
dimensional a. ①空间的②...维的, ...度空间的③...次(元)的
civilian n. ①平民,老百姓(与军人相对而言)②(军队中的)文职人员③公务员,文官 a. 民间的,民用的
maneuver n. ①机动(动作)②操纵,运用③花招,策略④[pl.]演习
vt. ①操纵,设法使…变动位置(into, out of)②调遣,使…演习 vi. ①机动,演习②用策略,耍花招
attach vt. ①系,贴,连接②使依恋,使喜爱③认为有(重要性、责任等)④使附属
miniature n. 缩小的模型,缩图,缩影 a. 微型的,缩小的
[真题]The toy maker produces a ______ copy of the space station, exact
in every detail.
A) minimal B) minimum C) miniature D) minor [CET-4:2002,6]
[译文]玩具制造厂家生产了一种空间站微缩模型, 每一细部都很精确。
command n. ①命令,指示②司令部③指挥,控制,掌握 vt. ①命令②指挥,掌握,控制③俯临,俯瞰④博得
【必背搭配】
动词与名词搭配：
do operations 做手术
形容词与名词搭配：
driving force 推动力, 驱动力
virtual reality 虚拟现实
civilian medicine 民用医药
动词与介词搭配：
progress toward 向…迈进
动词与副词搭配：
cut away 切除
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41. He suggested that we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite_____.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。for是表示因果关系的语义线索词，所填词必须能与scheme 搭配。只有C可以。C) feasible可行的，可能的
feasibility 可行性；A) probable可能的，大概的；B) sustainable 可持续的，可维持的 sustainable
development可持续发展 sustained efforts持续的努力；D) eligible (for)适合被选的,
合格的。
[译文]他建议我们将这个计划付诸实施，因为该计划相当可行。
42. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect
important_ of American life.
[解析]本题考查形近词的辨析，所填词必须能与American life搭配，只有A可以。A) facets（事情之）一面；B)
formats格式，样 the format of a meeting会议的程序；C) formulas公式，式；D) fashions样子，方式，风尚
follow the fashion迎合时尚。
[译文]这本书是关于这些基本信仰和价值观是如何影响美国人的生活的重要方面的。
43. It is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to _______
and transport it to the industrial centers.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。but 是线索词，表明逗号前后分句意思相反，或有差异，所填之词还必须能和oil搭配，只有B可以。B)
extract vt.取出，榨取 n.摘录；A) permeate v. 渗透；C) distinguish vt.区别，辨别，认别
distinguish A from B 将A和B区分；D) concentrate v.集中，聚集，浓缩。
[译文]找到石油是一回事，将其开采出来并运到工业中心就是另外一回事了。
44. Students are expected to be quiet and ______ in an Asian classroom.
[解析] 本题考查学生根据语义线索答题的能力。and 前后的词在词义上必须相关、近义，而且所填之词必须能修饰students，只有A符合。A)
obedient服从的，顺从的；B) overwhelming 压倒的，势不可挡的 an overwhelming success压倒性的成功
an overwhelming triumph压倒性的胜利 the overwhelming majority绝大多数；C) skeptical
表示怀疑的 be skeptical of / about 对…怀疑的；D) subsidiary 辅助的，补充的，次要的 a
subsidiary company子公司 subsidiary reason 次要原因。
[译文]在亚洲，学生被希望在教室里安静并遵守纪律。
45. Our reporter has just called to say that rescue teams will ____to
bring out the trapped miners.
[解析]所填之词要能够与to搭配，只有D对。D) endeavour vi./ n.努力，尽力；A) effect n.结果，影响，效果
have an effect on sth.对某物有影响 profound effect深远的影响 put sth. into
effect实施，使生效；B) affect vt.影响，感动；C) conceive (of) v.设想，以为，怀孕。
[译文]我们的记者刚打电话来说，营救队将尽力把受困的矿工救出来。
46. The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing
their best next week to_____ themselves on tile German team for
last year’s defeat.
[解析]本题考查动词的搭配及形近词的辨异，选D。D) revenge vt.替…报仇 n.报仇 revenge oneself
on sb.向某人报仇 take / get one’s revenge报仇 do sth. in / out of revenge
(for sth.)（为…）报复地做某事；A) remedy n./ vt.治疗，补救 remedy the mistake弥补错误；B)
reproach vt./ n.责备，指责 reproach sb. for sth.责备某人某事；C) revive v.苏醒，复兴。
[译文]西班牙队现在竞技状态很良好，下周将尽最大努力向德国对报仇，以雪去年失败之耻。
47. Creating so much confusion, Mason realized he had better make
_____ what he was trying to tell the audience.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。本句中现在分词短语creating so mush confusion表示原因，因此逗号前后两句是因果关系。因为引起了那么多的疑惑，他将对观众怎样说呢？显然应选B。B)
explicit明晰的，明确的 explicit direction清晰的指令；A) exclusive a.除外的，（人）孤傲的，独有的，唯一的，独家的
exclusive of不包括 an exclusive report独家报道 exclusive agency独家代理；C)
objective客观的，无偏见的 subjective主观的；D) obscure阴暗的，含糊难解的 clarity清晰 clarify澄清。
[译文]因为引起了如此大的疑惑，Mason意识到最好将自己的想法清晰、明确地告诉观众。
48. One of the examination questions_____ me completely and I couldn’t
answer it.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。and是个语义线索词，它连接的两个句子一般表示并列或顺承的关系。我不能回答这个问题，当然是这个问题把我难住了。所以选A)
baffle vt.使迷惑，使困惑 n.迷惑。B) mingle (with) v.混合；C) provoke vt.对…挑衅，激发
provoke laughter引起大笑 provoke sb. to do sth./ into doing sth.迫使某人做某事；D)
divert (from) vt.使转向 vi.转移 divert one’s attention转移某人的注意力。
[译文]有一个考试问题完全把我难住了，我回答不了。
49. The vision of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few
feet from us will never be_____ from my memory.
[解析]填入的词应该与vision搭配，所以选C) erase抹去，擦去 broaden one’s vision开阔某人的眼界。A)
eject 喷射，逐出；B) escape 避免，逃脱，遗忘；D) omit遗漏，删除，省略。
[译文]一辆大型黑色汽车撞上人行道，就离我们几步远的景象，永远也不会从我们的记忆中抹去。
50. At present, it is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion
that there is a causal relationship between the amount of fat we
eat and the _____ of heart attacks.
[解析]填入的词应该与heart attacks 搭配，所以选A。A) incidence 发生率 incidence of heart
attacks心脏病的发生率 incident事件（尤其指蓄谋已久的）；B) impetus冲力，刺激 give an impetus
to激发；C) rupture破裂，失和 rapture / terminate the diplomatic relations断绝外交关系；D)
emergency紧急情况，突然事件 emergency room急诊室 emergency exit紧急出口 an emergency
treatment急诊 emergency funding紧急注入资金 in case of emergency在紧急时刻。
[译文]现在，我们无法证实或驳斥这个意见：在我们所摄入的脂肪的多少与心脏病发生率之间有因果联系.
51. There are many who believe that the use of force_____ political
ends can never be justified.
[解析]用武力来“寻求”政治目的，所以选B) in pursuit of 追求，寻求。A) in search of 寻找，追求；C)
in view of 鉴于，考虑到；D) in light of 依照，根据。
[译文]有很多人认为,用暴力来寻求政治目的永远都不可能是正当的。
52. Sometimes the bank manager himself is asked to _____ cheques
if his clerks are not sure about them.
[解析]填入的词应与cheque搭配，所以选C) certify v.证明 certify cheques核实支票；A) credit
n.信用贷款，信用，学分 earn credits获得学分；B) assure vt.使确信，向…保证 assure sb. of
sth. / assure sb. that…保证，确保；D) access n.接近，通道，入口 have access to
…有接触、使用或接近的权利、机会或方法 have Web access可以上网 accessible to可以使用的，可以接近的。
[译文]有的时候这个银行经理自己也被要求核实支票，如果他的职员拿不准的话。
53. It is believed that the authorities are thinking of _____ new
taxes to raise extra revenue.
[解析]本题考查动词短语，即与tax搭配的动词，选B。B) impose vt.把…强加；征(税) impose sth. on施加；A)
impair vt.损害，削弱 impair one’s health损害某人的健康 vision impaired 视力受损的人(即盲人)；C)
invade vt.侵入，侵略，侵犯；D) integrate vt.使结合，使并入 integrate into集成入 integrated
circuit集成电路 systems integration系统集成 integrity正直，诚实，完整 territorial
integrity领土完整。
[译文]据信，当局正在考虑征收新的税来增加额外的收入。
54. When she heard the bad news, her eyes _____ with tears as she
struggled to control her emotions.
[解析]填入的词要能够修饰eyes，选A。A) sparkle v.(使)发火花，闪耀，发光，(可以修饰眼睛) sparkling
points（作文）闪光点；B) twinkle v.闪闪发光（一般形容星星，修饰眼睛时一般表示眼睛眨眼、闪动） twinkling
stars闪闪发光的星星；C) radiate vi.发射光线，辐射；D) glitter vi.闪闪发光 n.闪光（一般指珠宝、星辰闪光）
glittering diamonds闪光的珠宝。
[译文]听到这个坏消息时，她努力控制自己的感情，但眼睛里闪着泪花。
55. There are occasions when giving a gift _____ spoken communication,
since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language
and cultural diversity.
[解析]本题考查动词辨义及近义词辨析，C与题意相符。A) overtake vt.追上，赶上，突然降临，偶尔遇见；B) nourish
vt.滋养，养育，培养 nourish a hope满怀希望；C) surpass vt.超过，胜过, 优于； D) enforce
(on / upon) vt.实施，执行，强制 enforce a law实施法律。
[译文]有的时候送礼物胜过语言交流，因为礼物所传达的信息能够破除语言和文化多样性的障碍。
56. In order to keep the line moving, customers with lengthy are
required to do their banking inside.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。根据题干提供的线索词customer, lengthy, banking可推断应选B。B)
transaction n.处理，交易 the transaction of business处理事务 cash transactions现金交易
transaction being processed (取款机上)交易正在处理；A) transit n.运输，转运 public
transit system 公共交通系统；C) turnover n.翻转，营业额；D) tempo n.速率，进度 at the
tempo of以…的速度。
[译文]为了保持队伍移动，交易时间比较长的顾客被要求到里面办理业务。
57. President Wilson attempted to between the powers to end the
war, but neither side was prepared to give in.
[解析]填入的词应与between搭配，所以选D。D) mediate v. (between)居中调停，斡旋 mediate
a cease-fire促成停火 mediator调停者，仲裁者；A) segregate v. 隔离，分离 racial segregation种族隔离；B)
whirl v./n.(使)旋转；C) compromise n./v.妥协，折衷 make / strike a compromise
作妥协，折衷 comprise one’s principles 放弃原则。
[译文]威尔逊总统试图在两个列强之间斡旋以结束战争，但是双方都无意让步。
58. The police have installed cameras at dangerous road to film
those who drive through red traffic lights.
[解析]填入的词应与road搭配，并根据题干的语义，应选D。D) junction汇合处，交叉点 road junction道路交叉点；A)
trench深沟，战壕；B) utility效用，实用，公用事业 public utilities公共事业 utilize使用,
利用；C) pavement (英)人行道 pave the way for为…铺平道路。
[译文]警方在危险的路口安装了摄像头来记录那些闯红灯的人。
59. It is reported that thirty people were killed in a on the railway
yesterday.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力和形近词的辨异。根据题干的语义，在铁路上发生的什么使30人丧生呢，显然应选A。A) collision碰撞，冲突
collide with与…碰撞，冲突；B) collaboration合作，通敌 in collaboration with与…协作，勾结；C)
corrosion腐蚀，侵蚀；D) confrontation面对，对峙 ideological confrontation意识形态对抗。
[译文]据报道，昨天有30人在铁路上发生的一次相撞事故中丧生。
60. Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is
accepted as a symbol of love.
[解析]本题考查同义词的辨异。A) successive连续的，接连的 in three successive days连续三天；B)
consecutive连续的(指紧接的连续) on five consecutive years连续五年；C ) eternal永恒的，不朽的
eternal love永恒的爱情 the eternal cycle of life and death生死之间永恒的轮回；D)
insistent坚持的，迫切的 insistent demands迫切的要求。本题选C。
[译文]因为圆圈没有开始也没有终结，结婚戒指被认为是永恒的爱情的象征。
61. Executives of the company enjoyed an lifestyle of free gifts,
fine wines and high salaries.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。所填入的词要与lifestyle搭配，而且要与下文“免费礼物、高级酒、高薪水”在所表达的意义上一致，所以选B。B)
extravagant奢侈的，过度的 extravagant lifestyle奢华的生活方式；A) exquisite优美的，精致的，（指痛苦、快乐等）极度的，（指感觉力）灵敏的，敏锐的
exquisite designs精致的图案 exquisite pain剧痛；C) exotic异国情调的；D) eccentric
a.古怪的，怪癖的n.古怪的人。
[译文]这个公司的经理们享受着免费礼物、高级酒、高薪水的奢侈的生活方式。
62. If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to away
all the rocks.
[解析]本题考查动词辨义，根据题干的语义选A。A) haul拖曳，拖运；B) repel拒绝，使厌恶 repel an attack
击退进攻 repel a temptation不受诱惑；C) dispose (of) 处理，丢掉，布置，使倾向于 dispose
of rubbish清除垃圾 disposable income可支配收入；D) snatch攫取，抓住 snatch at the
chance抓住机会
[译文]如果你想进入哪个隧道，首先必须把所有岩石块都拖走。
63. Some crops are relatively high yielders and could be planted
in preference to other to the food supply.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。to是表示目的的语义线索词，高品质的农作物当然是能够“增加”粮食供给，所以选A。A) enhance提高，增加
enhance efficiency提高效率；B) curb控制，抑制 curb inflation抑制通货膨胀；C) disrupt使中断，扰乱
disrupt the public order扰乱社会治安；D) heighten加高，提高，增加 heighten an effect增强效果。
[译文]有些农作物产量相对较高，可优先种植，以增加粮食供给。
64. Astronomers at the University of California discovered one of
the most distant_____.
[解析]本题考查形近词的辨异。根据题干中的提示词astronomer，选C。C) galaxy银河系；A) paradox似是而非的隽语，自相矛盾的说法
It is a paradox that…某事是自相矛盾的；B) paradise伊甸乐园，天堂；D) shuttle (织机的)梭，往返汽车
space shuttle航天飞机。
[译文]加州大学的天文学家发现了最遥远的星系之一。
65. Many great scientists _____ their success to hard work.
[解析]本题考查动词与介词搭配及短语辨义。根据题意，选B。B) ascribe vt. 把…归因于 ascribe…to…把…归因于…；A)
portray vt. 描绘，饰演；C) impart vt. 赋予，给予（尤指抽象事物），告知，透露 impart…to… 把…传授给…；D)
acknowledge vt. 承认，告知收到，对（礼物等）表示谢意 acknowledge…as…认为…是…。
[译文]许多伟大的科学家将他们的成功归因于努力工作。
66. The sign set up by the road _____ drivers to a sharp turn.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。路边的标识当然是“提醒”司机注意有个急弯，所以选A。A) alert a.警惕的，灵活的
n.警报，警戒（状态） vt.向…报警，使警惕，使认识到 on the alert (for/against)警戒着，密切注意着
alert sb. the fact that…使某人意识到… alert sb. to sth.提醒某人注意某事 be alert
to…对… 保持警惕 Red Alert 红色警戒（电脑游戏名称）；B) refresh vt.使清新vi.恢复精神；C) plead
vt.为…辩护 vi.恳求，申诉，辩护；D) divert vt.使转向，转移，转移…的注意力 divert one’s attention
from work转移某人对工作的注意力。
[译文]路边设立的标志牌提醒司机有急弯。
67. The doctors don’t_____ that the patient will live much longer.
[解析]本题考查形近词的辨异。医生没“料想到”病人会活了较长时间，所以选D。D) anticipate vt.预料，期望，先于…行动；A)
monitor vt.监听，监视，检测，监测 n.监听器，监视器，（计算机）显示器 monitor the patient’s
condition监护病人的情况；B) manifest a.显然的，明显的 vt.使显现，使显露，显示，表明 manifest
no desire to do sth.不想做某事 manifest oneself 显现, 显露；C) articulate
vt.清楚地说话, 有力地表达 a.善于表达的，发音清晰的。
[译文]医生预计这个病人活不了太久了。
68. Call your doctor for advice if the_____ persist for more than
a few days.
[解析]本题考查根据语义线索答题的能力。根据题干中的提示词doctor可选择C。C) symptom症状，征候，征兆 a symptom
of an illness一种疾病的征兆；A) response回答，响应，反应；B) signal信号 feeble / strong
signal 微弱的/强大的信号 amplify the signal放大信号 take / receive a signal接收信号
sent out / transmit a signal发送信号；D) reflection映像，反射，反映，表达，深思，考虑
on / upon reflection经再三考虑。
[译文]如果这些症状持续数天，给你的医生打电话咨询。
69. We find it impossible to_____ with the latest safety regulations.
[解析]本题考查近义动词辨析。根据题意及与题干中提示词with的搭配关系，选择D。D) comply vi (with) 遵照，服从，依从；A)
accord vi. 相一致，相和谐 vt.赠于，给予 n.一致，符合 of one’s accord出于自愿 in accord
with与…一致 with one accord一致地；B) unify vt.使联合，统一，使相同，使一致；C) obey v.服从，听从
disobey不服从。
[译文]我们发现不可能遵守最新的安全规章。
70. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _____ in presenting
the series of lectures on American literature.
[解析]本题考查近义动词辨析。A) alter vt.改变，变更，改做 alter a suit改动衣服的尺寸；B) alternate
vt.使交替 a.交替的；C) substitute vt.用…代替 substitute B for A 用B代替A；D) exchange
vt.交换，交流 n.交换 a stock exchange证券交易所 exchange A for B with sb. 用A跟某人换B
foreign exchange外币兑换。本题答案为B。
[译文]Smith和Brown教授将轮流进行关于美国文学的系列讲座。
Part IV Error Correction
Thomas Malthus published his “Essay on the Principle of Population”
almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters have (S1)being
warning that worldwide famine was just around the next corner. The
fast-growing population’s demand for food, they warned, would soon
exceed (S2)their supply, leading to widespread food shortages and
starvation.
[题解] S1. being → been（时态用法错误，现在完成进行时的标准形式是have been doing）
S2. their → its（物主代词用法错误，这里代词指代food，应该用其单数形式its）
[解析]then指200 years ago；第三句they warned为插入语，they指forecasters，句子主干为demand
would exceed supply，leading to…伴随状语。对照原文，命题者将第一句改成了两句，用fast-growing替换了mushrooming,
用exceed替换了outstrip。
[译文] Thomas Malthus在差不多200年前发表了他的《人口原理评论》。自从那时以来, 预测者们一直在警告说世界范围的饥荒就在眼前。他们警告说，快速增长的人口对食品的需求将很快超过供应,
导致广泛的食品短缺和饥饿。
But in reality, the world’s total grain harvest has risen steadily
over the years. Except for (S3)relative isolated trouble spots like
present-day Somalia, and occasional years of (S4)good harvests,
the world’s food crisis has remained just around the corner. Most
experts believe this can continue even (S5)as if the population
doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion people
will not be easy for (S6)politics, economic and environmental reasons.
Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements in
yield. In Africa, (S7)by instance, improved seed, more fertilizer
and advanced growing practices have more than (S8)double corn and
wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines
are producing a plant with (S9)few stems and more seeds. There is
no guarantee that plant breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding
(S10)crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason
for hope.
[题解] S3. relative → relatively（副词误用成形容词，修饰形容词isolated应该用副词relatively）
S4. good → bad（上下文语意理解错误，改为它的反义词）
S5. as → /（固定搭配用法错误，无even as if的用法，根据文意应该用even if，故去掉as）
S6. politics → political（形容词误用成名词或平行结构用法错误）
S7. by → for（固定搭配用法错误）
S8. double → doubled（谓语动词时态用法错误，现在完成时have后面应该接过去分词doubled）
S9. few → fewer（上下文语意理解或平行结构用法错误，连接词and前后都应该用比较级）
S10. crop → crops（名词单复数错误，crop为可数名词，这里应该用其复数形式）
[解析]本段第一句为主题句，But in reality引起语义对比。Most experts believe…为现在大部分专家的观点，
其中的this指代前面the world’s crisis…。Optimists points to concrete example…与上面一句是递进关系，后面有关非洲和菲律宾的叙述是concrete
examples的具体说明。There is no guarantee that…无法保证…，这个句型要记住，它和There is
no doubt that…毫无疑问的是…，以及There is no denying that…无法否认的是…这两个句型结构相同。在改错题的第S10段，有人认为应该在reason前加上冠词a或the，这是不对的，因为reason可以是不可数名词，reason
for hope是正确的用法。对照原文，命题者将其中的部分难词作了替换，并删除了不影响原文主要意思的次要细节，请予注意。
[译文]但实际上, 世界总的谷物产量在过去许多年中一直在稳步上升。除了某些相对孤立的动荡地区, 比如当今的索马里, 还有偶尔某些年份的歉收,
世界食品危机还只是继续在附近徘徊。大部分专家认为, 这样的情形会继续下去, 即使到二十一世纪中叶世界人口翻一番。尽管因为政治、经济和环境原因,
养活100亿人不会容易。乐观者提出了一些产量持续增长的具体例子。在非洲, 比如说, 改善了的种子, 更多的化肥和先进的种植技术已经在一次实验里使玉米和小麦产量翻了不止一番。在其它地区,
菲律宾的水稻专家正在培育一种植株, 拥有更少的茎和更多的种子。无法保证植物培育人员能够继续开赴出新的、产量更高的作物, 但是大部分研究人员根据他们到目前为止的成功认为有理由（对此）抱有希望。
【原文】
The Hunger Equation
Ever since Thomas Malthus published his “Essay on the Principle
of Population” almost 200 years ago, forecasters have been warning
that worldwide famine was just around the next corner. The mushrooming
population’s demand for food, they warned, would soon outstrip its
supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation.
But in reality, the world’s total grain harvest has risen steadily
over the years. Except for relatively isolated trouble spots like
present-day Somalia, and occasional years of bad harvests, the world’s
food crisis has remained just around the corner. Most experts believe
this can continue even if the population doubles by the mid-21st
century, although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for
political, economic and environmental reasons.
Better crops. Optimists point to concrete examples of continued
improvements in yield. In Africa, for instance, improved seed, more
fertilizer and enlightened growing practices have more than doubled
corn and wheat yields in an experiment sponsored by the Carter Center’s
Global 2000 project. Elsewhere, rice breeders at the International
Rice Research Institute in the Philippines are using botanical tinkering
to produce a plant with fewer stems and more seeds. Together with
colleagues in India, they are also developing hybrid rice that outyields
current varieties by 15 percent in initial tests. There is no guarantee
that plant breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding
crops, but most researchers see their success to date as reason
for hope.
There are grounds for concern, however. The steady loss of natural
ecosystems--which may accelerate as the demand for agricultural
land grows--threatens the genetic raw material that breeders rely
on for further crop improvements. Land degradation and urban sprawl
claim millions of acres of arable land each year. And global climate
change may alter temperature and rainfall patterns, many scientists
fear, with uncertain consequences for agriculture.
The hunger equation involves economics and politics as much as it
does science. Soil erosion, for example, is not an inevitable consequence
of intensive farming. But today’s narrow profit margins leave many
farmers feeling they can’t afford the measures needed to control
it. Boosting grain yields on a test plot may prove far easier than
providing fertilizer, high-yielding seed and good roads to farmers
in developing countries. Most of the world’s nearly 1 billion hungry
today are starving not because of a food shortage but because of
political turmoil or shortages of money. Even if hard work and massive
agricultural investment can eke out enough food for 10 billion,
a crucial question remains: Will the world’s hungry have the money
to afford it, or the political stability to ensure its efficient
delivery?
[按语]本次改错原文选自美国三大新闻周刊之一（另外两大新闻周刊为Time和Newsweek）的U.S. News & World
Report 1993年的一篇报道The Hunger Equation，经过了改写和节选。由此我们可以得到启示：平时加强对英文原版报刊文章的阅读是很有必要的，通过阅读我们可以熟悉新闻类文体的用词和行文特点。新闻类文章的增加是六级和考研的一个趋势，因为这样的文章才是真正鲜活的英语。建议大家阅读《英语文摘》（English
Digest）这本杂志，上面的文章都是选自各类外刊。请大家注意，这里新闻类英语不是单纯地指新闻报道，而是有关各类话题的报刊文章。
Part V Writing
Reduce Waste on Campus
Nowadays, the problem of waste is very serious on some university
campuses. A growing number of students no longer cherish the virtue
of thrifty.
Such a phenomenon has brought many unfavorable consequences. To
begin with, it imposes heavier pressure on some valuable resources
such as food, water and electricity, which are in short supply in
current China. Second, it means heavier financial burden for parents
and school authorities to shoulder. Last but not least, it will
do much harm to university students themselves because lavish habits
would have negative impacts on their personal development.
Each individual has a role in building a brighter future for both
our campuses and ourselves. It is high time that all of us joined
in the efforts to combat this phenomenon. I firmly believe that
all of us could make changes. As to me, I would do my utmost to
cultivate the habit of thrifty in every possible way and be a role
model in this respect.
【专家点评】
这次考试难度基本和上次持平。
听力短对话部分不难，没有什么新的变化。听力部分Section A比较简单，只有第2、6、8题较难。第2题考查了言外之意，第6题中出现了较多可能考生不容易一下子听明白的单词和词组，例如：sign
up for， environment council，schedule等。第8题中有一个词组anything but可能很多同学掌握得不好，容易理解反了，而理解这个词组是做对这道题的关键。所以，考生平时一定要注意收集并掌握一些词组搭配。短文第一篇的内容是关于乘摆渡上班的，文章比较有趣，也比较容易理解。选项中只有第11道较难，需要考生根据文章中出现的几个句子进行推断。第二篇短文是关于如何保护牙齿、防止龋齿，文章和日常生活比较贴近，问题也比较简单，有些问题根据常识就可以作出判断，如第14题。但考生如果没有听懂decayed
tooth,可能会影响对整个文章的理解。第三篇短文是关于国际红十字会的起源，考生若多掌握一些国际重要机构的文化背景知识对考试会很有好处。其中第19题考生错误较多，正确率较低。
词汇较简单，没有什么难题， 重现频率也很高。估计在六级改革、增加大纲单词量之前，这种趋势不会有什么改变，所以同学们在这一项要争取多拿分。
阅读继续是难点。一、二两篇相对简单些，但三、四两篇较难，答案争议很大，如：第31、33、36、38、39题。第三篇讲了人性问题，文章难，题目也出得“刁钻”。第四篇为科技类说明文，文章本身并不难，但所出的细节题和推论题却不容易，需要考生非常仔细，一不小心就可能落入命题者的“陷阱”。
改错题目难度一般，但最后两题较难，也很有争议。
作文考的是针对永恒话题“浪费”的议论文。文章是典型的后果加解决办法模式，文章分为三段，呼应三点提纲。只要字数够，没有规定哪一段详细，哪一段略写，考生自由发挥的空间较大。
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